1
|
Xu W, Yuan Y, Shu Z, Guo T, Liu B, Xiao J, Li L, Yin Y, Zhang X. Streptococcus pneumoniae endopeptidase O induces trained immunity and confers protection against various pathogenic infections. Clin Immunol 2024; 263:110226. [PMID: 38663493 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and the surge of infectious diseases during the pandemic present significant threats to human health. Trained immunity emerges as a promising and innovative approach to address these infections. Synthetic or natural fungal, parasitic and viral components have been reported to induce trained immunity. However, it is not clear whether bacterial virulence proteins can induce protective trained immunity. Our research demonstrates Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence protein PepO, is a highly potent trained immunity inducer for combating broad-spectrum infection. Our findings showcase that rPepO training confers robust protection to mice against various pathogenic infections by enhancing macrophage functionality. rPepO effectively re-programs macrophages, re-configures their epigenetic modifications and bolsters their immunological responses, which is independent of T or B lymphocytes. In vivo and in vitro experiments confirm that trained macrophage-secreted complement C3 activates peritoneal B lymphocyte and enhances its bactericidal capacity. In addition, we provide the first evidence that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) derived from trained macrophages plays a pivotal role in shaping central-trained immunity. In summation, our research demonstrates the capability of rPepO to induce both peripheral and central trained immunity in mice, underscoring its potential application in broad-spectrum anti-infection therapy. Our research provides a new molecule and some new target options for infectious disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhaoche Shu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bichen Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiangming Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yibin Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bhargavi G, Subbian S. The causes and consequences of trained immunity in myeloid cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365127. [PMID: 38665915 PMCID: PMC11043514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, immunity in humans has been classified as innate and adaptive, with the concept that only the latter type has an immunological memory/recall response against specific antigens or pathogens. Recently, a new concept of trained immunity (a.k.a. innate memory response) has emerged. According to this concept, innate immune cells can exhibit enhanced responsiveness to subsequent challenges, after initial stimulation with antigen/pathogen. Thus, trained immunity enables the innate immune cells to respond robustly and non-specifically through exposure or re-exposure to antigens/infections or vaccines, providing enhanced resistance to unrelated pathogens or reduced infection severity. For example, individuals vaccinated with BCG to protect against tuberculosis were also protected from malaria and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Epigenetic modifications such as histone acetylation and metabolic reprogramming (e.g. shift towards glycolysis) and their inter-linked regulations are the key factors underpinning the immune activation of trained cells. The integrated metabolic and epigenetic rewiring generates sufficient metabolic intermediates, which is crucial to meet the energy demand required to produce proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses by the trained cells. These factors also determine the efficacy and durability of trained immunity. Importantly, the signaling pathways and regulatory molecules of trained immunity can be harnessed as potential targets for developing novel intervention strategies, such as better vaccines and immunotherapies against infectious (e.g., sepsis) and non-infectious (e.g., cancer) diseases. However, aberrant inflammation caused by inappropriate onset of trained immunity can lead to severe autoimmune pathological consequences, (e.g., systemic sclerosis and granulomatosis). In this review, we provide an overview of conventional innate and adaptive immunity and summarize various mechanistic factors associated with the onset and regulation of trained immunity, focusing on immunologic, metabolic, and epigenetic changes in myeloid cells. This review underscores the transformative potential of trained immunity in immunology, paving the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for various infectious and non-infectious diseases that leverage innate immune memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gonciarz W, Brzeziński M, Orłowska W, Wawrzyniak P, Lewandowski A, Narayanan VHB, Chmiela M. Spray-dried pH-sensitive chitosan microparticles loaded with Mycobacterium bovis BCG intended for supporting treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4747. [PMID: 38413775 PMCID: PMC10899647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative spiral-shaped Helicobacter pylori (Hp) bacteria induce the development of different gastric disorders. The growing resistance of Hp to antibiotics prompts to search for new therapeutic formulations. A promising candidate is Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG) with immunomodulatory properties. Biodegradable mucoadhesive chitosan is a good carrier for delivering BCG mycobacteria to the gastric mucosal environment. This study aimed to show whether BCG bacilli are able to increase the phagocytic activity of Cavia porcellus-guinea pig macrophages derived from the bone marrow towards fluorescently labeled Escherichia coli. Furthermore, to encapsulate live BCG bacilli, in spray-dried chitosan microparticles (CHI-MPs), and assess the pH-dependent release of mycobacteria in pH conditions mimicking gastric (acidic) or gut (alkaline) milieu. Microparticles (MPs) were made of chitosan and coated with Pluronic F-127-(Plur) or N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine-(GlcNAc) to increase the MPs resistance to low pH or to increase anti-Hp effect, respectively. Spray-drying method was used for microencapsulation of live BCG. The biosafety of tested CHI-MPs has been confirmed using cell models in vitro and the model of guinea pig in vivo. The CHI-MPs loaded with BCG released live mycobacteria at pH 3.0 (CHI-GlcNAc-MPs) or pH 8.0. (CHI-Plur-MPs). The CHI-MPs loaded with live BCG can be used for per os inoculation of Cavia porcellus to check the effectiveness of delivered mycobacteria in increasing anti-H. pylori host response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Gonciarz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marek Brzeziński
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-636, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Weronika Orłowska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Wawrzyniak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefana Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Artur Lewandowski
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefana Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Vedha Hari B Narayanan
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, #214, ASK-II, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Magdalena Chmiela
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Munkwase G. Implications of vaccine non-specific effects on licensure of new vaccines. Vaccine 2024; 42:1013-1021. [PMID: 38242737 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Immune memory was for a long time thought to be an exclusive feature of the adaptive immune system. Emerging evidence has shown that the innate immune system may exhibit memory which has been termed as trained immunity or innate immune memory. Trained immunity following vaccination may produce non-specific effects leading to reduction in morbidity and mortality from heterologous pathogens. This review looked at trained immunity as a mechanism for vaccine induced non-specific effects, mechanisms underlying trained immunity and known vaccine non-specific effects. A discussion is also made on the implications these vaccine non-specific effects may have on overall risk-benefit ratio evaluation by National Medicines Regulatory Authorities (NMRAs) during licensure of new vaccines. Epigenetic remodeling and "rewiring" of cellular metabolism in the innate immune cells especially monocytes, macrophages, and Natural Killer (NK) cells have been suggested to be the mechanisms underlying trained immunity. Trained immunity in other innate cells has largely remained elusive up to date. Non-specific effects have been extensively documented with Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), measles vaccine and oral polio vaccine but it remains unclear if other vaccines may exhibit similar effects. All known vaccine non-specific effects have come from observations in epidemiological studies conducted post-vaccine licensure and roll out in target populations. It remains to be seen if early identification of non-specific effects especially those with protective benefits during the clinical development of new vaccines may contribute to the overall risk-benefit ratio evaluation during licensure by NMRAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant Munkwase
- National Drug Authority, Plot 93, Buganda Road, Kampala, Uganda; African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (ALIVE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
McBride MA, Stothers CL, Fensterheim BA, Caja KR, Owen AM, Hernandez A, Bohannon JK, Patil NK, Ali S, Dalal S, Rahim M, Trenary IA, Young JD, Williams DL, Sherwood ER. Bacteria- and fungus-derived PAMPs induce innate immune memory via similar functional, metabolic, and transcriptional adaptations. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:358-373. [PMID: 37793181 PMCID: PMC10872320 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) induces an augmented, broad-spectrum antimicrobial response to subsequent infection, a phenomenon termed innate immune memory. This study examined the effects of treatment with β-glucan, a fungus-derived dectin-1 ligand, or monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a bacteria-derived Toll-like receptor 4 ligand, on innate immune memory with a focus on identifying common cellular and molecular pathways activated by these diverse PAMPs. Treatment with either PAMP prepared the innate immune system to respond more robustly to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in vivo by facilitating mobilization of innate leukocytes into blood, recruitment of leukocytes to the site of infection, augmentation of microbial clearance, and attenuation of cytokine production. Examination of macrophages ex vivo showed amplification of metabolism, phagocytosis, and respiratory burst after treatment with either agent, although MPLA more robustly augmented these activities and more effectively facilitated killing of bacteria. Both agents activated gene expression pathways in macrophages that control inflammation, antimicrobial functions, and protein synthesis and suppressed pathways regulating cell division. β-glucan treatment minimally altered macrophage differential gene expression in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, whereas MPLA attenuated the magnitude of the LPS-induced transcriptional response, especially cytokine gene expression. These results show that β-glucan and MPLA similarly augment the innate response to infection in vivo. Yet, MPLA more potently induces alterations in macrophage metabolism, antimicrobial functions, gene transcription and the response to LPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. McBride
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Cody L. Stothers
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Benjamin A. Fensterheim
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Katherine R. Caja
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Allison M. Owen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Antonio Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Julia K. Bohannon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Naeem K. Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Sabah Ali
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Sujata Dalal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Mohsin Rahim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville 37235, Tennessee
| | - Irina A. Trenary
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville 37235, Tennessee
| | - Jamey D. Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville 37235, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - David L. Williams
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, 325 North State of Franklin Road, Johnson City 37604, Tennessee
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, 325 North State of Franklin Road, Johnson City 37604, Tennessee
| | - Edward R. Sherwood
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, 325 North State of Franklin Road, Johnson City 37604, Tennessee
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, 325 North State of Franklin Road, Johnson City 37604, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mahapatra S, Ganguly B, Pani S, Saha A, Samanta M. A comprehensive review on the dynamic role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in frontier aquaculture research and as a promising avenue for fish disease management. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126541. [PMID: 37648127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a conserved group of germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and play a crucial role in inducing the broadly acting innate immune response against pathogens. In recent years, the detection of 21 different TLR types in various fish species has sparked interest in exploring the potential of TLRs as targets for boosting immunity and disease resistance in fish. This comprehensive review offers the latest insights into the diverse facets of fish TLRs, highlighting their history, classification, architectural insights through 3D modelling, ligands recognition, signalling pathways, crosstalk, and expression patterns at various developmental stages. It provides an exhaustive account of the distinct TLRs induced during the invasion of specific pathogens in various fish species and delves into the disparities between fish TLRs and their mammalian counterparts, highlighting the specific contribution of TLRs to the immune response in fish. Although various facets of TLRs in some fish, shellfish, and molluscs have been described, the role of TLRs in several other aquatic organisms still remained as potential gaps. Overall, this article outlines frontier aquaculture research in advancing the knowledge of fish immune systems for the proper management of piscine maladies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smruti Mahapatra
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Bristy Ganguly
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Saswati Pani
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Ashis Saha
- Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Fish Nutrition and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Mrinal Samanta
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Torkamaneh M, Torfeh M, Jouriani FH, Sepehr A, Ashrafian F, Aghamohammad S, Rohani M. Investigating the crucial role of selected Bifidobacterium probiotic strains in preventing or reducing inflammation by affecting the autophagy pathway. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:ovad135. [PMID: 38081214 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that probiotics can prevent and reduce inflammation in inflammation-related diseases. However, few studies have focused on the interaction between host and probiotics in modulating the immune system through autophagy. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the preventive and/or therapeutic effects of native potential probiotic breast milk-isolated Bifidobacterium spp. (i.e. B. bifidum, B. longum, and B. infantis) on the inflammatory cascade by affecting autophagy gene expression 24 and 48 h after treatment. Autophagy genes involved in different stages of the autophagy process were selected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Gene expression investigation was accomplished by exposing the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29) to sonicated pathogens (1.5 × 108 bacterial CFU ml-1) and adding Bifidobacterium spp. (MOI10) before, after, and simultaneously with induction of inflammation. An equal volume of RPMI medium was used as a control. Generally, our native potential probiotic Bifidobacterium spp. can increase the autophagy gene expression in comparison with pathogen. Moreover, an increase in gene expression was observed with our probiotic strains' consumption in all stages of autophagy. Totally, our selected Bifidobacterium spp. can increase autophagy gene expression before, simultaneously, and after the inflammation induction, so they can prevent and reduce inflammation in an in vitro model of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Torkamaneh
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Torfeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | | | - Amin Sepehr
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ashrafian
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Shadi Aghamohammad
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rohani
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arumugam T, Ramalingam A, Guerroudj AR, Sambandam S, Boukabcha N, Chouaih A. Conformation and vibrational spectroscopic analysis of 2,6-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-3,3-dimethylpiperidin-4-one (BFDP) by DFT method: A potent anti-Parkinson's, anti-lung cancer, and anti-human infectious agent. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21315. [PMID: 37954314 PMCID: PMC10637958 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of 2,6-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-3,3-dimethylpiperidin-4-one (BFDP) as an anti-Parkinson's, anti-lung cancer, and anti-human infectious agent was extensively assessed in the current study. To accomplish this, the compound BFDP was synthesised and analysed using several spectroscopic approaches, such as NMR, mass and FT-IR spectral studies. The computational calculations for the molecule were carried out using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-311G++ (d,p) level of theory. A X-ray diffraction (XRD) study allows us to analyse the crystalline structure of our BFDP molecule. Intermolecular interactions were assessed using 3D Hirshfeld surfaces (3D-HS) and 2D fingerprint plots. AIM and NCI-RDG were done using quantum calculations and the DFT technique, and topological ELF and LOL, as well as vibrational parameters, have been obtained. The thermodynamic and thermal properties of the BFDP compound were determined. To investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of BFDP, a molecular docking study and an in silico ADMET study were done.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thangamani Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India
- Centre for Material Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arulraj Ramalingam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117 583, Singapore
| | - Ahlam Roufieda Guerroudj
- Laboratory of Technology and Solid Properties (LTPS), Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University of Mostaganem, 27000 Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Sivakumar Sambandam
- Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
- BPJ College of Arts and Science, Kozhai, Srimushnam, Cuddalore 608703, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nourdine Boukabcha
- Laboratory of Technology and Solid Properties (LTPS), Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University of Mostaganem, 27000 Mostaganem, Algeria
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Informatic, Hassiba Benbouali University, Chlef, 02000, Algeria
| | - Abdelkader Chouaih
- Laboratory of Technology and Solid Properties (LTPS), Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University of Mostaganem, 27000 Mostaganem, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu J, Liu J, Yan C, Wang D, Pan W. Trained immunity: a cutting edge approach for designing novel vaccines against parasitic diseases? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1252554. [PMID: 37868995 PMCID: PMC10587610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1252554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The preventive situation of parasitosis, a global public health burden especially for developing countries, is not looking that good. Similar to other infections, vaccines would be the best choice for preventing and controlling parasitic infection. However, ideal antigenic molecules for vaccine development have not been identified so far, resulting from the complicated life history and enormous genomes of the parasites. Furthermore, the suppression or down-regulation of anti-infectious immunity mediated by the parasites or their derived molecules can compromise the effect of parasitic vaccines. Comparing the early immune profiles of several parasites in the permissive and non-permissive hosts, a robust innate immune response is proposed to be a critical event to eliminate the parasites. Therefore, enhancing innate immunity may be essential for designing novel and effective parasitic vaccines. The newly emerging trained immunity (also termed innate immune memory) has been increasingly recognized to provide a novel perspective for vaccine development targeting innate immunity. This article reviews the current status of parasitic vaccines and anti-infectious immunity, as well as the conception, characteristics, and mechanisms of trained immunity and its research progress in Parasitology, highlighting the possible consideration of trained immunity in designing novel vaccines against parasitic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dahui Wang
- Liangshan College (Li Shui) China, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ijinu TP, De Lellis LF, Shanmugarama S, Pérez-Gregorio R, Sasikumar P, Ullah H, Buccato DG, Di Minno A, Baldi A, Daglia M. Anthocyanins as Immunomodulatory Dietary Supplements: A Nutraceutical Perspective and Micro-/Nano-Strategies for Enhanced Bioavailability. Nutrients 2023; 15:4152. [PMID: 37836436 PMCID: PMC10574533 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) have attracted considerable attention for their potential to modulate the immune system. Research has revealed their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which play a crucial role in immune regulation by influencing key immune cells, such as lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Moreover, ACNs contribute towards maintaining a balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus promoting immune health. Beyond their direct effects on immune cells, ACNs significantly impact gut health and the microbiota, essential factors in immune regulation. Emerging evidence suggests that they positively influence the composition of the gut microbiome, enhancing their immunomodulatory effects. Furthermore, these compounds synergize with other bioactive substances, such as vitamins and minerals, further enhancing their potential as immune-supporting dietary supplements. However, detailed clinical studies must fully validate these findings and determine safe dosages across varied populations. Incorporating these natural compounds into functional foods or supplements could revolutionize the management of immune-related conditions. Personalized nutrition and healthcare strategies may be developed to enhance overall well-being and immune resilience by fully understanding the mechanisms underlying the actions of their components. Recent advancements in delivery methods have focused on improving the bioavailability and effectiveness of ACNs, providing promising avenues for future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thadiyan Parambil Ijinu
- Naturæ Scientific, Kerala University-Business Innovation and Incubation Centre, Kariavattom Campus, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, India;
- The National Society of Ethnopharmacology, VRA-179, Mannamoola, Peroorkada P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695005, India
| | - Lorenza Francesca De Lellis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Santny Shanmugarama
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Rosa Pérez-Gregorio
- Food and Health Omics Group, Institute of Agroecology and Food, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain;
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, 32002 Ourense, Spain
| | | | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Daniele Giuseppe Buccato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Post NF, Ginski G, Peters R, Van Uden NOP, Bekkenk MW, Wolkerstorfer A, Netea MG, Luiten RM. Trained immunity in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2023; 36:348-354. [PMID: 37293969 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is caused by an autoimmune reaction against melanocytes leading to melanocyte loss. The cause of vitiligo is an interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Both the adaptive immune system-through cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and melanocyte specific antibodies-and the innate immune system are involved in these immune processes in vitiligo. While recent data stressed the importance of innate immunity in vitiligo, the question remains why vitiligo patients' immune response becomes overly activated. Could a long-term increase in innate memory function, described as trained immunity after vaccination and in other inflammatory diseases, play a role as an enhancer and continuous trigger in the pathogenesis of vitiligo? After exposure to certain stimuli, innate immune system is able to show an enhanced immunological response to a secondary trigger, indicating a memory function of the innate immune system, a concept termed trained immunity. Trained immunity is regulated by epigenetic reprogramming, including histone chemical modifications and changes in chromatin accessibility that cause sustained changes in the transcription of specific genes. In responses to an infection, trained immunity is beneficial. However, there are indications of a pathogenic role of trained immunity in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, with monocytes presenting features of a trained phenotype, resulting in increased cytokine production, altered cell metabolism through mTOR signaling, and epigenetic modifications. This hypothesis paper focusses on vitiligo studies that have shown these indications, suggesting the involvement of trained immunity in vitiligo. Future studies focusing on metabolic and epigenetic changes in innate immune cell populations in vitiligo could help in elucidating the potential role of trained immunity in vitiligo pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline F Post
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Greta Ginski
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rens Peters
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nathalie O P Van Uden
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marcel W Bekkenk
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Wolkerstorfer
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalie M Luiten
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bodas-Pinedo A, Lafuente EM, Pelaez-Prestel HF, Ras-Carmona A, Subiza JL, Reche PA. Combining different bacteria in vaccine formulations enhances the chance for antiviral cross-reactive immunity: a detailed in silico analysis for influenza A virus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1235053. [PMID: 37675108 PMCID: PMC10477994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are well known to provide heterologous immunity against viral infections through various mechanisms including the induction of innate trained immunity and adaptive cross-reactive immunity. Cross-reactive immunity from bacteria to viruses is responsible for long-term protection and yet its role has been downplayed due the difficulty of determining antigen-specific responses. Here, we carried out a systematic evaluation of the potential cross-reactive immunity from selected bacteria known to induce heterologous immunity against various viruses causing recurrent respiratory infections. The bacteria selected in this work were Bacillus Calmette Guerin and those included in the poly-bacterial preparation MV130: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebisella pneumoniae, Branhamella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae. The virus included influenza A and B viruses, human rhinovirus A, B and C, respiratory syncytial virus A and B and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Through BLAST searches, we first identified the shared peptidome space (identity ≥ 80%, in at least 8 residues) between bacteria and viruses, and subsequently predicted T and B cell epitopes within shared peptides. Interestingly, the potential epitope spaces shared between bacteria in MV130 and viruses are non-overlapping. Hence, combining diverse bacteria can enhance cross-reactive immunity. We next analyzed in detail the cross-reactive T and B cell epitopes between MV130 and influenza A virus. We found that MV130 contains numerous cross-reactive T cell epitopes with high population protection coverage and potentially neutralizing B cell epitopes recognizing hemagglutinin and matrix protein 2. These results contribute to explain the immune enhancing properties of MV130 observed in the clinic against respiratory viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Bodas-Pinedo
- Children’s Digestive Unit, Institute for Children and Adolescents, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther M. Lafuente
- Department of Immunology & O2, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Pza. Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector F. Pelaez-Prestel
- Department of Immunology & O2, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Pza. Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Ras-Carmona
- Department of Immunology & O2, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Pza. Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pedro A. Reche
- Department of Immunology & O2, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Pza. Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Almojil D, Diawara A, Soulama I, Dieng MM, Manikandan V, Sermé SS, Sombié S, Diarra A, Barry A, Coulibaly SA, Sirima SB, Idaghdour Y. Impact of Plasmodium falciparum infection on DNA methylation of circulating immune cells. Front Genet 2023; 14:1197933. [PMID: 37470040 PMCID: PMC10352500 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1197933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of immune cell responses to infection is a complex process that involves various molecular mechanisms, including epigenetic regulation. DNA methylation has been shown to play central roles in regulating gene expression and modulating cell response during infection. However, the nature and extent to which DNA methylation is involved in the host immune response in human malaria remains largely unknown. Here, we present a longitudinal study investigating the temporal dynamics of genome-wide in vivo DNA methylation profiles using 189 MethylationEPIC 850 K profiles from 66 children in Burkina Faso, West Africa, sampled three times: before infection, during symptomatic parasitemia, and after malaria treatment. The results revealed major changes in the DNA methylation profiles of children in response to both Plasmodium falciparum infection and malaria treatment, with widespread hypomethylation of CpGs upon infection (82% of 6.8 K differentially methylated regions). We document a remarkable reversal of CpG methylation profiles upon treatment to pre-infection states. These changes implicate divergence in core immune processes, including the regulation of lymphocyte, neutrophil, and myeloid leukocyte function. Integrative DNA methylation-mRNA analysis of a top differentially methylated region overlapping the pro-inflammatory gene TNF implicates DNA methylation of TNF cis regulatory elements in the molecular mechanisms of TNF regulation in human malaria. Our results highlight a central role of epigenetic regulation in mounting the host immune response to P. falciparum infection and in response to malaria treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dareen Almojil
- Program in Biology, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aïssatou Diawara
- Program in Biology, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Issiaka Soulama
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Mame Massar Dieng
- Program in Biology, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vinu Manikandan
- Program in Biology, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samuel S. Sermé
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Salif Sombié
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Amidou Diarra
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Aissata Barry
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Sodiomon B. Sirima
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Youssef Idaghdour
- Program in Biology, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
van Gelderen TA, Ladisa C, Salazar-Moscoso M, Folgado C, Habibi HR, Ribas L. Metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles after immune stimulation in the zebrafish testes. Genomics 2023; 115:110581. [PMID: 36796654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Fish farms are prone to disease outbreaks and stress due to high-density rearing conditions in tanks and sea cages, adversely affecting growth, reproduction, and metabolism. To understand the molecular mechanisms affected in the gonads of breeder fish after an immune challenge, we investigated the metabolome and the transcriptome profiles in zebrafish testes after inducing an immune response. After 48 h of the immune challenge, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (LC-MS) and transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq (Illumina) resulted in 20 different released metabolites and 80 differentially expressed genes. Among these, glutamine and succinic acid were the most abundant metabolites released and 27,5% of the genes belong to either the immune or reproduction systems. Pathway analysis based on metabolomic and transcriptomic crosstalk identified cad and iars genes that act simultaneously with succinate metabolite. This study deciphers interactions between reproduction and immune systems and provides a basis to improve protocols in generating more resistant broodstock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T A van Gelderen
- Institut de Ciències del Mar - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), Department of Renewable Marine Resources, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Ladisa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Salazar-Moscoso
- Institut de Ciències del Mar - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), Department of Renewable Marine Resources, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Folgado
- Institut de Ciències del Mar - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), Department of Renewable Marine Resources, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - H R Habibi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - L Ribas
- Institut de Ciències del Mar - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), Department of Renewable Marine Resources, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mycobacterium bovis BCG increase the selected determinants of monocyte/macrophage activity, which were diminished in response to gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3107. [PMID: 36813949 PMCID: PMC9944772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
High antibiotic resistance of gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and the ability to escape the host immune response prompt searching for therapeutic immunomodulators. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine with Mycobacterium bovis (Mb) is a candidate for modulation the activity of immunocompetent cells, and onco-BCG formulation was successfully used in immunotherapy of bladder cancer. We determined the influence of onco-BCG on the phagocytic capacity of human THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells, using the model of Escherichia coli bioparticles and Hp fluorescently labeled. Deposition of cell integrins CD11b, CD11d, CD18, membrane/soluble lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptors, CD14 and sCD14, respectively, and the production of macrophage chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 were determined. Furthermore, a global DNA methylation, was also assessed. Human THP-1 monocytes/macrophages (TIB 202) primed or primed and restimulated with onco-BCG or Hp, were used for assessment of phagocytosis towards E. coli or Hp, surface (immunostaining) or soluble activity determinants, and global DNA methylation (ELISA). THP-1 monocytes/macrophages primed/restimulated with BCG showed increased phagocytosis capacity towards E. coli fluorescent particles, elevated expression of CD11b, CD11d, CD18, CD14, sCD14, increased MCP-1 secretion and DNA methylation. Preliminary results indicate that BCG mycobacteria may also induce the phagocytosis of H. pylori by THP-1 monocytes. Priming or priming and restimulation of monocytes/macrophages with BCG resulted in an increased activity of these cells, which was negatively modulated by Hp.
Collapse
|
16
|
Maheshwari A. Innate Immune Memory in Macrophages. NEWBORN (CLARKSVILLE, MD.) 2023; 2:60-79. [PMID: 37206580 PMCID: PMC10193650 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have been recognized as the primary mediators of innate immunity starting from embryonic/fetal development. Macrophage-mediated defenses may not be as antigen-specific as adaptive immunity, but increasing information suggests that these responses do strengthen with repeated immunological triggers. The concept of innate memory in macrophages has been described as "trained immunity" or "innate immune memory (IIM)." As currently understood, this cellular memory is rooted in epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. The recognition of IIM may be particularly important in the fetus and the young neonate who are yet to develop protective levels of adaptive immunity, and could even be of preventive/therapeutic importance in many disorders. There may also be a possibility of therapeutic enhancement with targeted vaccination. This article presents a review of the properties, mechanisms, and possible clinical significance of macrophage-mediated IIM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Maheshwari
- Founding Chairman, Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Laupèze B, Doherty TM. Maintaining a 'fit' immune system: the role of vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:256-266. [PMID: 36864769 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2185223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conventionally, vaccines are thought to induce a specific immune response directed against a target pathogen. Long recognized but poorly understood nonspecific benefits of vaccination, such as reduced susceptibility to unrelated diseases or cancer, are now being investigated and may be due in part to "trained immunity'. AREAS COVERED We discuss 'trained immunity' and whether vaccine-induced 'trained immunity' could be leveraged to prevent morbidity due to a broader range of causes. EXPERT OPINION The prevention of infection i.e. maintaining homeostasis by preventing the primary infection and resulting secondary illnesses, is the pivotal strategy used to direct vaccine design and may have long-term, positive impacts on health at all ages. In the future, we anticipate that vaccine design will change to not only prevent the target infection (or related infections) but to generate positive modifications to the immune response that could prevent a wider range of infections and potentially reduce the impact of immunological changes associated with aging. Despite changing demographics, adult vaccination has not always been prioritized. However, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has demonstrated that adult vaccination can flourish given the right circumstances, demonstrating that harnessing the potential benefits of life-course vaccination is achievable for all.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Y, Xu X, Cheng H, Zhou F. AIM2 and Psoriasis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1085448. [PMID: 36742336 PMCID: PMC9889639 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1085448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease occurring worldwide, with multiple systemic complications, which seriously affect the quality of life and physical and mental health of patients. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is related to the environment, genetics, epigenetics, and dysregulation of immune cells such as T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and nonimmune cells such as keratinocytes. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), a susceptibility gene locus for psoriasis, has been strongly linked to the genetic and epigenetic aspects of psoriasis and increased in expression in psoriatic keratinocytes. AIM2 was found to be activated in an inflammasome-dependent way to release IL-1β and IL-18 to mediate inflammation, and to participate in immune regulation in psoriasis, or in an inflammasome-independent way by regulating the function of regulatory T(Treg) cells or programming cell death in keratinocytes as well as controlling the proliferative state of different cells. AIM2 may also play a role in the recurrence of psoriasis by trained immunity. In this review, we will elaborate on the characteristics of AIM2 and how AIM2 mediates the development of psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fusheng Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Faber E, Tshilwane SI, Van Kleef M, Pretorius A. The impact of Escherichia coli contamination products present in recombinant African horse sickness virus serotype 4 proteins on the innate and humoral immune responses. Mol Immunol 2022; 152:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
20
|
Proper Dietary and Supplementation Patterns as a COVID-19 Protective Factor (Cross-Sectional Study-Silesia, Poland). LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12121976. [PMID: 36556341 PMCID: PMC9781383 DOI: 10.3390/life12121976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has become a challenge for the world today, so it is very important to create healthy eating habits in society to support immunity and raise awareness of the benefits of supplementation. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to evaluate diet and dietary supplementation, since previous studies indicate the protective nature of these in building immunity during the pandemic and post-pandemic period (COVID-19). The hypothesis of the study is whether the dietary regimen presented by the COVID-19 respondents can be considered protective in building immunity against SARS-CoV-2. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 304 subjects, with an average age of 39.04 ± 23.59. The main criteria for inclusion in the study were that the respondent was ≥18 years old and participated voluntarily. The study was conducted using an original questionnaire. RESULTS In the study group, no change was noticed in the previous diet during the COVID-19 pandemic, while the level of physical activity among the respondents decreased. Too low a percentage of people regularly consumed, among other foods. legume seeds-only 10.5% of respondents consumed them several times a week-and citrus fruits-the largest number of respondents, as many as 39.8%, only consumed them several times a month. The largest percentage of respondents with mild/scanty COVID-19 disease regularly took vitamin C-containing preparations (n = 61; 59.80%). Statistical analysis showed that there was a correlation between the incidence of mild/scanty COVID-19 and the regularity of taking vitamin C-containing preparations (T = 11.374; r = 0.611; p = 0.04603). A statistical significance level was also obtained for the regularity of supplementation of multivitamin preparations, which were taken by 68% (34) of respondents affected by mild/scanty COVID-19 (T = 13.456; r = 0.711; p = 0.02191). CONCLUSIONS The study's hypothesis was supported. Respondents characterized by a normal dietary pattern and taking supplements commonly recognized as immune "boosters" were more likely to mildly survive COVID-19. Moreover, it was shown that the pandemic in most of the respondents did not significantly affect their dietary strategy. It is reasonable to conclude that the dietary patterns adopted may be a common way to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections and their possible complications.
Collapse
|
21
|
Juste RA, Ferreras-Colino E, de la Fuente J, Domínguez M, Risalde MA, Domínguez L, Cabezas-Cruz A, Gortázar C. Heat inactivated mycobacteria, alpha-gal and zebra fish: insights gained from experiences with two promising trained immunity inductors and a validated animal model. Immunol Suppl 2022; 167:139-153. [PMID: 35752944 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Trained immunity (TRAIM) may be defined as a form of memory where innate immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic and natural killer (NK) cells undergo an epigenetic reprogramming that enhances their primary defensive capabilities. Cross-pathogen protective TRAIM can be triggered in different hosts by exposure to live microbes or microbe-derived products such as heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis or with the glycan α-Gal to elicit protective responses against several pathogens. We review the TRAIM paradigm using two models representing distinct scales of immune sensitization: the whole bacterial cell and one of its building blocks, the polysaccharides or glycans. Observations point out to macrophage lytic capabilities and cytokine regulation as two key components in nonspecific innate immune responses against infections. The study of the TRAIM response deserves attention to better characterize the evolution of host-pathogen cooperation both for identifying the etiology of some diseases and for finding new therapeutic strategies. In this field, the zebrafish provides a convenient and complete biological system that could help to deepen in the knowledge of TRAIM-mediated mechanisms in pathogen-host interactions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón A Juste
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,NySA. Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Elisa Ferreras-Colino
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Mercedes Domínguez
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Pozuelo-Majadahonda km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Risalde
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lasaviciute G, Barz M, van der Heiden M, Arasa C, Tariq K, Quin J, Östlund Farrants AK, Sverremark-Ekström E. Gut commensal Limosilactobacillus reuteri induces atypical memory-like phenotype in human dendritic cells in vitro. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2045046. [PMID: 35258405 PMCID: PMC8920211 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2045046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory-like responses in innate immune cells confer nonspecific protection against secondary exposures. A number of microbial agents have been found to induce enhanced or diminished recall responses in innate cells, however, studies investigating the ability of probiotic bacteria to trigger such effects are lacking. Here, we show that priming of human monocytes with a secretome from the gut probiotic bacterium Limosilactobacillus (L.) reuteri induces a mixed secondary response phenotype in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mo-DCs), with a strong IL-6 and IL-1β response but low TNFα, IL-23 and IL-27 secretion. Instead, blood DC priming with L. reuteri-secretome resembles a tolerant state upon secondary exposure. A similar pattern was found in conventional and gut-like (retinoic acid exposed) DCs, although retinoic acid hampered TNFα and IL-6 production and enrichment of histone modifications in L. reuteri-secretome primed mo-DC cultures. Further, we show that the memory-like phenotype of mo-DCs, induced by priming stimuli, is important for subsequent T helper (Th) cell differentiation pathways and might determine the inflammatory nature of Th cells. We also show enhanced recall responses characterized by robust inflammatory cytokines and lactate production in the gut-like mo-DCs derived from β-glucan primed monocytes. Such responses were accompanied with enriched histone modifications at the promoter of genes associated with a trained phenotype in myeloid cells. Altogether, we demonstrate that a gut commensal-derived secretome prompts recall responses in human DCs which differ from that induced by classical training agents such as β-glucan. Our results could be beneficial for future therapeutic interventions where T cell responses are needed to be modulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gintare Lasaviciute
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Barz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marieke van der Heiden
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Arasa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kanwal Tariq
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaclyn Quin
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden,CONTACT Eva Sverremark-Ekström Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Farooq RK, Alamoudi W, Alhibshi A, Rehman S, Sharma AR, Abdulla FA. Varied Composition and Underlying Mechanisms of Gut Microbiome in Neuroinflammation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040705. [PMID: 35456757 PMCID: PMC9032006 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome has been implicated in a host of bodily functions and their regulation, including brain development and cognition. Neuroinflammation is a relatively newer piece of the puzzle and is implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders. The microbiome of the gut may alter the inflammatory signaling inside the brain through the secretion of short-chain fatty acids, controlling the availability of amino acid tryptophan and altering vagal activation. Studies in Korea and elsewhere highlight a strong link between microbiome dynamics and neurocognitive states, including personality. For these reasons, re-establishing microbial flora of the gut looks critical for keeping neuroinflammation from putting the whole system aflame through probiotics and allotransplantation of the fecal microbiome. However, the numerosity of the microbiome remains a challenge. For this purpose, it is suggested that wherever possible, a fecal microbial auto-transplant may prove more effective. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the role of the microbiome in neuroinflammation and the various mechanism involved in this process. As an example, we have also discussed the autism spectrum disorder and the implication of neuroinflammation and microbiome in its pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.A.)
- Correspondence: (R.K.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Widyan Alamoudi
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Amani Alhibshi
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Suriya Rehman
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (R.K.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Fuad A. Abdulla
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.A.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2435, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mata-Martínez P, Bergón-Gutiérrez M, del Fresno C. Dectin-1 Signaling Update: New Perspectives for Trained Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:812148. [PMID: 35237264 PMCID: PMC8882614 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1 was originally described as the β-glucan receptor expressed in myeloid cells, with crucial functions in antifungal responses. However, over time, different ligands both of microbial-derived and endogenous origin have been shown to be recognized by Dectin-1. The outcomes of this recognition are diverse, including pro-inflammatory responses such as cytokine production, reactive oxygen species generation and phagocytosis. Nonetheless, tolerant responses have been also attributed to Dectin-1, depending on the specific ligand engaged. Dectin-1 recognition of their ligands triggers a plethora of downstream signaling pathways, with complex interrelationships. These signaling routes can be modulated by diverse factors such as phosphatases or tetraspanins, resulting either in pro-inflammatory or regulatory responses. Since its first depiction, Dectin-1 has recently gained a renewed attention due to its role in the induction of trained immunity. This process of long-term memory of innate immune cells can be triggered by β-glucans, and Dectin-1 is crucial for its initiation. The main signaling pathways involved in this process have been described, although the understanding of the above-mentioned complexity in the β-glucan-induced trained immunity is still scarce. In here, we have reviewed and updated all these factors related to the biology of Dectin-1, highlighting the gaps that deserve further research. We believe on the relevance to fully understand how this receptor works, and therefore, how we could harness it in different pathological conditions as diverse as fungal infections, autoimmunity, or cancer.
Collapse
|
25
|
Sato F, Nakamura Y, Katsuki A, Khadka S, Ahmad I, Omura S, Martinez NE, Tsunoda I. Curdlan, a Microbial β-Glucan, Has Contrasting Effects on Autoimmune and Viral Models of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:805302. [PMID: 35198458 PMCID: PMC8859099 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.805302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease characterized by inflammatory demyelination and axonal degeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Bacterial and fungal infections have been associated with the development of MS; microbial components that are present in several microbes could contribute to MS pathogenesis. Among such components, curdlan is a microbial 1,3-β-glucan that can stimulate dendritic cells, and enhances T helper (Th) 17 responses. We determined whether curdlan administration could affect two animal models for MS: an autoimmune model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and a viral model, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD). We induced relapsing-remitting EAE by sensitizing SJL/J mice with the myelin proteolipid protein (PLP)139-151 peptide and found that curdlan treatment prior to PLP sensitization converted the clinical course of EAE into hyperacute EAE, in which the mice developed a progressive motor paralysis and died within 2 weeks. Curdlan-treated EAE mice had massive infiltration of T cells and neutrophils in the CNS with higher levels of Th17 and Th1 responses, compared with the control EAE mice. On the other hand, in TMEV-IDD, we found that curdlan treatment reduced the clinical scores and axonal degeneration without changes in inflammation or viral persistence in the CNS. In summary, although curdlan administration exacerbated the autoimmune MS model by enhancing inflammatory demyelination, it suppressed the viral MS model with reduced axonal degeneration. Therefore, microbial infections may play contrasting roles in MS depending on its etiology: autoimmunity versus viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Sato
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Yumina Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aoshi Katsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sundar Khadka
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ijaz Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiichi Omura
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Ikuo Tsunoda
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang S, Cai W, Shen L, Wu R, Cao J, Tang W, Lu Q, Huang Y, Guan D, He S. Solanaceous plants switch to cytokinin-mediated immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum under high temperature and high humidity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:459-478. [PMID: 34778967 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases generally tend to be more serious under conditions of high temperature and high humidity (HTHH) than under ambient temperature, but plant immunity against pathogen attacks under HTHH remains elusive. Herein, we used pepper as an example to study how Solanaceae cope with Ralstonia solanacearum infection (RSI) under HTHH by performing RNA-seq combined with the reverse genetic method. The result showed that immunities mediated by salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in pepper roots were activated by RSI under ambient temperature. However, upon RSI under HTHH, JA signalling was blocked and SA signalling was activated early but its duration was greatly shortened in pepper roots, instead, expression of CaIPT5 and Glutathione S-transferase encoding genes, as well as endogenous content of trans-Zeatin, were enhanced. In addition, by silencing in pepper plants and overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana, CaIPT5 was found to act positively in the immune response to RSI under HTHH in a way related to CaPRP1 and CaMgst3. Furthermore, the susceptibility of pepper, tomato and tobacco to RSI under HTHH was significantly reduced by exogenously applied tZ, but not by either SA or MeJA. All these data collectively suggest that pepper employs cytokinin-mediated immunity to cope with RSI under HTHH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Lei Shen
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Ruijie Wu
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jianshen Cao
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Weiqi Tang
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qiaoling Lu
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yu Huang
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Deyi Guan
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Shuilin He
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Faber E, Tshilwane SI, Van Kleef M, Pretorius A. Apoptosis versus survival of African horse sickness virus serotype 4-infected horse peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Virus Res 2022; 307:198609. [PMID: 34688785 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Expanding on our previous work, this study used transcriptome analysis of RNA sequences to investigate the various factors that contributed to either inducing apoptosis that resulted in cell death or promoting the survival of African horse sickness virus serotype 4 (AHSV4)-infected horse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after 24 h. Apoptosis is a host defense mechanism that prevents virus replication, accumulation and spread of progeny viruses. AHSV4-infected PBMC were killed via the intrinsic and the perforin/granzyme pathways of apoptosis during the attenuated AHSV4 (attAHSV4) in vivo primary and secondary immune responses. Trained innate immunity played an important role in circumventing viral interference that resulted in the elimination of AHSV4-infected PBMC through the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways of apoptosis during the virulent AHSV4 (virAHSV4) in vitro secondary immune response. Oxidative stress in conjunction with IRE1α pro-apoptotic signaling played a major role in the induction of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and cytotoxic lymphocytes induced the perforin/granzyme or extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. In contrast, AHSV4-infected PBMC survived during the virAHSV4 in vitro primary immune response, which allows unrestrained viral replication. The virAHSV4 interference with the innate immune response resulted in impaired NK cell responses and delayed immune responses, which together with the antioxidant defense system promoted AHSV4-infected PBMC survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Faber
- Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Selaelo Ivy Tshilwane
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Mirinda Van Kleef
- Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Alri Pretorius
- Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dubus M, Varin J, Papa S, Chevrier J, Quilès F, Francius G, Audonnet S, Mauprivez C, Gangloff S, Siboni R, Ohl X, Reffuveille F, Kerdjoudj H. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells offer an immune-privileged niche to Cutibacterium acnes in case of implant-associated osteomyelitis. Acta Biomater 2022; 137:305-315. [PMID: 34678484 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Considered as some of the most devastating complications, Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes)-related osteomyelitis are among the hardest infections to diagnose and treat. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete number of immunomodulatory and antimicrobial soluble factors, making them an attractive treatment for bacterial infection. In this study, we examined MSCs/C. acnes interaction and analyzed the subsequent MSCs and bacteria's behaviors. Human bone marrow-derived MSCs were infected by C. acnes clinical strain harvested from non-infected bone site. Following 3 h of interaction, around 4% of bacteria were found in the intracellular compartment. Infected MSCs increased the secretion of prostaglandin E2 and indolamine 2,3 dioxygenase immunomodulatory mediators. Viable intracellular bacteria analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed deep modifications in the wall features. In comparison with unchallenged bacteria, the viable intracellular bacteria showed (i) an increase in biofilm formation on orthopaedical-based materials, (ii) an increase in the invasiveness of osteoblasts and (iii) persistence in macrophage, suggesting the acquisition of virulence factors. Overall, these results showed a direct impact of C. acnes on bone marrow-derived MSCs, suggesting that blocking the C. acnes/MSCs interactions may represent an important new approach to manage chronic osteomyelitis infections. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The interaction of bone commensal C. acnes with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induces modifications in C. acnes wall characteristics. These bacteria increased (i) the biofilm formation on orthopaedical-based materials, (ii) the invasiveness of bone forming cells and (iii) the resistance to macrophage clearance through the modification of the wall nano-features and/or the increase in catalase production.
Collapse
|
29
|
Safety and Seroconversion of Immunotherapies against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121537. [PMID: 34959492 PMCID: PMC8706687 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials evaluating the safety and antibody response of strategies to manipulate prophylactic and therapeutic immunity have been launched. We aim to evaluate strategies for augmentation of host immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We searched clinical trials registered at the National Institutes of Health by 25 May 2021 and conducted analyses on inoculated populations, involved immunological processes, source of injected components, and trial phases. We then searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for their corresponding reports published by 25 May 2021. A bivariate, random-effects meta-analysis was used to derive the pooled estimate of seroconversion and adverse events (AEs). A total of 929,359 participants were enrolled in 389 identified trials. The working mechanisms included heterologous immunity, active immunity, passive immunity, and immunotherapy, with 62.4% of the trials on vaccines. A total of 9072 healthy adults from 27 publications for 22 clinical trials on active immunity implementing vaccination were included for meta-analyses. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) of seroconversion were 13.94, 84.86, 106.03, and 451.04 (all p < 0.01) for vaccines based on protein, RNA, viral vector, and inactivated virus, compared with that of respective placebo/control treatment or pre-vaccination sera. The pooled ORs for safety, as defined by the inverse of systemic adverse events (AEs) were 0.53 (95% CI = 0.27–1.05; p = 0.07), 0.35 (95% CI = 0.16–0.75; p = 0.007), 0.32 (95% CI = 0.19–0.55; p < 0.0001), and 1.00 (95% CI = 0.73–1.36; p = 0.98) for vaccines based on protein, RNA, viral vector, and inactivated virus, compared with that of placebo/control treatment. A paradigm shift from all four immune-augmentative interventions to active immunity implementing vaccination was observed through clinical trials. The efficacy of immune responses to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 for these vaccines was promising, although systemic AEs were still evident for RNA-based and viral vector-based vaccines.
Collapse
|
30
|
Verwoolde MB, van Baal J, Jansen CA, Graat EAM, Lamot DM, Lammers A, van Eck L. Transgenerational effects of innate immune activation in broiler breeders on growth performance and immune responsiveness. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101413. [PMID: 34601443 PMCID: PMC8531860 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of transgenerational effects on growth performance and immunity has not yet been studied extensively within the poultry husbandry sector. An important factor is the impact of the hens on the physical well-being and fitness to the environment of the offspring. This study is the first to investigate the effect of stimulating the maternal innate immune system with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or β-glucan on growth performance and immune responses in the next generation. Transgenerational effects and consequences of these maternal treatments were further examined using a necrotic enteritis (NE) challenge model in the offspring. We show that offspring of LPS-treated broiler breeders have a higher feed efficiency from 14 to 21 days of age, that is, the period just after the NE challenge. Moreover, more broiler chickens with intestinal lesions after the NE challenge were found in the offspring of the LPS-treated broiler breeders. Both the LPS and β-glucan maternal treatments resulted in transgenerational effects on blood-derived monocytes by showing a tendency of decreased IL1β mRNA levels after ex vivo LPS stimulation. These data are a first indication that broiler breeder hens can affect immune responsiveness and feeding efficiency of their offspring in a transgenerational manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel B Verwoolde
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, the Netherlands; Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, the Netherlands
| | - Jürgen van Baal
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, the Netherlands
| | - Christine A Jansen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A M Graat
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, the Netherlands
| | - David M Lamot
- Cargill Animal Nutrition Innovation Center, Veilingweg 23 5334 LD, Velddriel, the Netherlands
| | - Aart Lammers
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, the Netherlands.
| | - Lieske van Eck
- Cargill Animal Nutrition Innovation Center, Veilingweg 23 5334 LD, Velddriel, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dang Y, Souchet C, Moresi F, Jeljeli M, Raquillet B, Nicco C, Chouzenoux S, Lagoutte I, Marcellin L, Batteux F, Doridot L. BCG-trained innate immunity leads to fetal growth restriction by altering immune cell profile in the mouse developing placenta. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:1009-1020. [PMID: 34533228 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0720-458rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Trained immunity is a new concept illustrating that innate immune cells are able to undergo a long-term metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming after infection or vaccination, thus displaying either a pro- or an anti-inflammatory phenotype during a sequential unrelated challenge. Innate immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages constitute a large part of the decidual leukocyte population at the maternal-fetal interface, playing an important role in placental development and as such in fetal growth and development. In this study, we hypothesized that training the innate immune cells before pregnancy could have an impact on pregnancy. To test this hypothesis, we used CBA/J x DBA/2 mouse model to investigate pregnancy outcomes and leukocyte population at the maternal-fetal interface. Although we were not able to show a beneficial effect of LPS-tolerogenic training on fetal resorption, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) training, known to prime innate immune cells to be proinflammatory, led to fetal growth restriction, without aggravating the fetal resorption rate. We also found that BCG training led to less NK cells and macrophages at the maternal-fetal interface at the early stage of placentation (E9.5), associated with a down-regulation of Ccr3 and Lif mRNA expression. This induced altered leucocyte population profile can be an explanation for the subsequent fetal growth restriction. These data suggest that preconceptional infections-induced trained immunity could influence pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yipu Dang
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France
| | - Camille Souchet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France
| | - Fabiana Moresi
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Jeljeli
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France.,Service d'immunologie Biologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, F-75014 Paris, France, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Raquillet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France
| | - Carole Nicco
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Chouzenoux
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Lagoutte
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France
| | - Louis Marcellin
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France.,Département de Gynécologie Obstétrique II et Médecine de la Reproduction, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, F-75014 Paris, France, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Batteux
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France.,Service d'immunologie Biologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, F-75014 Paris, France, Paris, France
| | - Ludivine Doridot
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Laupèze B, Del Giudice G, Doherty MT, Van der Most R. Vaccination as a preventative measure contributing to immune fitness. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:93. [PMID: 34315886 PMCID: PMC8316335 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary goal of vaccination is the prevention of pathogen-specific infection. The indirect consequences may include maintenance of homeostasis through prevention of infection-induced complications; trained immunity that re-programs innate cells to respond more efficiently to later, unrelated threats; slowing or reversing immune senescence by altering the epigenetic clock, and leveraging the pool of memory B and T cells to improve responses to new infections. Vaccines may exploit the plasticity of the immune system to drive longer-term immune responses that promote health at a broader level than just the prevention of single, specific infections. In this perspective, we discuss the concept of “immune fitness” and how to potentially build a resilient immune system that could contribute to better health. We argue that vaccines may contribute positively to immune fitness in ways that are only beginning to be understood, and that life-course vaccination is a fundamental tool for achieving healthy aging.
Collapse
|
33
|
Huang L, Zhang J, Du W, Liang Z, Li M, Wu R, Chen S, Hu X, Huang H. Chitin-rich heteroglycan from Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto potentiates fungal clearance in a mouse model of sporotrichosis and promotes macrophages phagocytosis. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:190. [PMID: 34171998 PMCID: PMC8228915 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02243-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fungal cell wall polysaccharides maintain the integrity of fungi and interact with host immune cells. The immunomodulation of fungal polysaccharides has been demonstrated in previous studies. However, the effect of chitin-rich heteroglycan extracted from Sporothrix schenckiisensu stricto on the immune response has not been investigated. Results In this study, chitin-rich heteroglycan was extracted from S. schenckiisensu stricto, and immunomodulation was investigated via histopathological analysis of skin lesions in a mouse model of sporotrichosis and evaluation of the phagocytic function and cytokine secretion of macrophages in vitro. The results showed that the skin lesions regressed and granulomatous inflammation was reduced in infected mice within 5 weeks. Moreover, heteroglycan promoted the fungal phagocytosis by macrophages and modulated the cytokine secretion. Heteroglycan upregulated TNF-α expression early at 24 h and IL-12 expression late at 72 h after incubation, which might result from moderate activation of macrophages and contribute to the subsequent adaptive immune response. Conclusions Chitin-rich heteroglycan extracted from S. schenckiisensu stricto potentiated fungal clearance in a mouse model of sporotrichosis. Moreover, chitin-rich heteroglycan promoted fungus phagocytosis by macrophages and modulated cytokines secretion. These results might indicate that chitin-rich heteroglycan could be considered as an immunomodulator used in the treatment of sporotrichosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600# Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weian Du
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600# Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zixian Liang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600# Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Meirong Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600# Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600# Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Sanmei Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600# Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xuchu Hu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huaiqiu Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600# Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
van Steenwijk HP, Bast A, de Boer A. Immunomodulating Effects of Fungal Beta-Glucans: From Traditional Use to Medicine. Nutrients 2021; 13:1333. [PMID: 33920583 PMCID: PMC8072893 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of a well-functioning and balanced immune system has become more apparent in recent decades. Various elements have however not yet been uncovered as shown, for example, in the uncertainty on immune system responses to COVID-19. Fungal beta-glucans are bioactive molecules with immunomodulating properties. Insights into the effects and function of beta-glucans, which have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries, advances with the help of modern immunological and biotechnological methods. However, it is still unclear into which area beta-glucans fit best: supplements or medicine? This review has highlighted the potential application of fungal beta-glucans in nutrition and medicine, reviewing their formulation, efficacy, safety profile, and immunomodulating effects. The current status of dietary fungal glucans with respect to the European scientific requirements for health claims related to the immune system and defense against pathogens has been reviewed. Comparing the evidence base of the putative health effects of fungal beta-glucan supplements with the published guidance documents by EFSA on substantiating immune stimulation and pathogen defense by food products shows that fungal beta-glucans could play a role in supporting and maintaining health and, thus, can be seen as a good health-promoting substance from food, which could mean that this effect may also be claimed if approved. In addition to these developments related to food uses of beta-glucan-containing supplements, beta-glucans could also hold a novel position in Western medicine as the concept of trained immunity is relatively new and has not been investigated to a large extent. These innovative concepts, together with the emerging success of modern immunological and biotechnological methods, suggest that fungal glucans may play a promising role in both perspectives, and that there are possibilities for traditional medicine to provide an immunological application in both medicine and nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidde P. van Steenwijk
- Campus Venlo, Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 5911 BV Venlo, The Netherlands;
| | - Aalt Bast
- Campus Venlo, University College Venlo, Maastricht University, 5911 BV Venlo, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health, Maastricht University, 5911 BV Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Alie de Boer
- Campus Venlo, Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 5911 BV Venlo, The Netherlands;
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
de la Fuente J, Armas O, Sánchez-Rodríguez L, Gortázar C, Lukashev AN. Citizen science initiative points at childhood BCG vaccination as a risk factor for COVID-19. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:3114-3119. [PMID: 33825348 PMCID: PMC8251061 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current results do not provide conclusive evidence on the effect of BCG vaccination on COVID-19 alone or in combination with other factors. To address this limitation, in this study we used a citizen science initiative on the COVID-19 pandemic to collect data worldwide during 2 October 2020-30 October 2020 (1,233 individuals) in a structured way for analysing factors and characteristics of affected individuals in relation to BCG vaccination. For the first time, the results of our study suggested that vaccination with BCG may increase the risk for COVID-19 at certain age, particularly in individuals vaccinated at childhood. Childhood BCG vaccination increased the likelihood of being diagnosed with COVID-19 fivefold in COVID-19 low-incidence countries and threefold in high-incidence countries. A reasonable explanation for this effect is the activation of certain innate immunity mechanisms associated with inflammatory reactions. These factors should be considered when analysing the risks associated with this global pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Octavio Armas
- Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial y Aeroespacial, University of Castilla La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial y Aeroespacial, University of Castilla La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alexander N Lukashev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Faber E, Tshilwane SI, Kleef MV, Pretorius A. Virulent African horse sickness virus serotype 4 interferes with the innate immune response in horse peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 91:104836. [PMID: 33798756 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
African horse sickness (AHS) is caused by African horse sickness virus (AHSV), a double stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus of the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae. For the development of new generation AHS vaccines or antiviral treatments, it is crucial to understand the host immune response against the virus and the immune evasion strategies the virus employs. To achieve this, the current study used transcriptome analysis of RNA sequences to characterize and compare the innate immune responses activated during the attenuated AHSV serotype 4 (attAHSV4) (in vivo) and the virulent AHSV4 (virAHSV4) (in vitro) primary and secondary immune responses in horse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after 24 h. The pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses were negatively regulated by anti-inflammatory cytokines, whereas the parallel type I and type III IFN responses were maintained downstream of nucleic acid sensing pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signalling pathways during the attAHSV4 primary and secondary immune responses. It appeared that after translation, virAHSV4 proteins were able to interfere with the C-terminal IRF association domain (IAD)-type 1 (IAD1) containing IRFs, which inhibited the expression of type I and type III IFNs downstream of PRR signalling during the virAHSV4 primary and secondary immune responses. Viral interference resulted in an impaired innate immune response that was not able to eliminate virAHSV4-infected PBMC and gave rise to prolonged expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines during the virAHSV4 induced primary immune response. Indicating that virAHSV4 interference with the innate immune response may give rise to an excessive inflammatory response that causes immunopathology, which could be a major contributing factor to the pathogenesis of AHS in a naïve horse. Viral interference was overcome by the fast kinetics and increased effector responses of innate immune cells due to trained innate immunity and memory T cells and B cells during the virAHSV4 secondary immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Faber
- Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
| | - Selaelo Ivy Tshilwane
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Mirinda Van Kleef
- Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Alri Pretorius
- Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Owen AM, Fults JB, Patil NK, Hernandez A, Bohannon JK. TLR Agonists as Mediators of Trained Immunity: Mechanistic Insight and Immunotherapeutic Potential to Combat Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622614. [PMID: 33679711 PMCID: PMC7930332 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in critical care medicine, infection remains a significant problem that continues to be complicated with the challenge of antibiotic resistance. Immunocompromised patients are highly susceptible to development of severe infection which often progresses to the life-threatening condition of sepsis. Thus, immunotherapies aimed at boosting host immune defenses are highly attractive strategies to ward off infection and protect patients. Recently there has been mounting evidence that activation of the innate immune system can confer long-term functional reprogramming whereby innate leukocytes mount more robust responses upon secondary exposure to a pathogen for more efficient clearance and host protection, termed trained immunity. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are a class of agents which have been shown to trigger the phenomenon of trained immunity through metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications which drive profound augmentation of antimicrobial functions. Immunomodulatory TLR agonists are also highly beneficial as vaccine adjuvants. This review provides an overview on TLR signaling and our current understanding of TLR agonists which show promise as immunotherapeutic agents for combating infection. A brief discussion on our current understanding of underlying mechanisms is also provided. Although an evolving field, TLR agonists hold strong therapeutic potential as immunomodulators and merit further investigation for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Owen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jessica B Fults
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Naeem K Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Antonio Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Julia K Bohannon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zirimenya L, Nkurunungi G, Nassuuna J, Natukunda A, Mutebe A, Oduru G, Kabami G, Akurut H, Onen C, Namutebi M, Serubanja J, Nakazibwe E, Akello F, Tumusiime J, Sewankambo M, Kiwanuka S, Kiwudhu F, Kizindo R, Kizza M, Wajja A, Cose S, Muwanga M, Webb E, Elliott AM. Impact of BCG revaccination on the response to unrelated vaccines in a Ugandan adolescent birth cohort: randomised controlled trial protocol C for the 'POPulation differences in VACcine responses' (POPVAC) programme. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e040430. [PMID: 33593770 PMCID: PMC7893605 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is evidence that BCG immunisation may protect against unrelated infectious illnesses. This has led to the postulation that administering BCG before unrelated vaccines may enhance responses to these vaccines. This might also model effects of BCG on unrelated infections. METHODS AND ANALYSIS To test this hypothesis, we have designed a randomised controlled trial of BCG versus no BCG immunisation to determine the effect of BCG on subsequent unrelated vaccines, among 300 adolescents (aged 13-17 years) from a Ugandan birth cohort. Our schedule will comprise three main immunisation days (week 0, week 4 and week 28): BCG (or no BCG) revaccination at week 0; yellow fever (YF-17D), oral typhoid (Ty21a) and human papillomavirus (HPV) prime at week 4; and HPV boost and tetanus/diphtheria (Td) boost at week 28. Primary outcomes are anti-YF-17D neutralising antibody titres, Salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide-specific IgG concentration, IgG specific for L1-proteins of HPV-16/HPV-18 and tetanus and diphtheria toxoid-specific IgG concentration, all assessed at 4 weeks after immunisation with YF, Ty21a, HPV and Td, respectively. Secondary analyses will determine effects on correlates of protective immunity (where recognised correlates exist), on vaccine response waning and on whether there are differential effects on priming versus boosting immunisations. We will also conduct exploratory immunology assays among subsets of participants to further characterise effects of BCG revaccination on vaccine responses. Further analyses will assess which life course exposures influence vaccine responses in adolescence. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval has been obtained from relevant Ugandan and UK ethics committees. Results will be shared with Uganda Ministry of Health, relevant district councils, community leaders and study participants. Further dissemination will be done through conference proceedings and publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN10482904.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludoviko Zirimenya
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Gyaviira Nkurunungi
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Jacent Nassuuna
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Agnes Natukunda
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Alex Mutebe
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Gloria Oduru
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Grace Kabami
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Hellen Akurut
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Caroline Onen
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Milly Namutebi
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Joel Serubanja
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Esther Nakazibwe
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Florence Akello
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Josephine Tumusiime
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Moses Sewankambo
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Samuel Kiwanuka
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Fred Kiwudhu
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Robert Kizindo
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Moses Kizza
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Anne Wajja
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Stephen Cose
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Emily Webb
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alison M Elliott
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The innate immune system acts rapidly in an identical and nonspecific way every time the body is exposed to pathogens. As such, it cannot build and maintain immunological memory to help prevent reinfection. Researchers contend that trained immunity is influenced by intracellular metabolic pathways and epigenetic remodeling. The purpose of this review was to explore the topic of trained innate immunity based on the results of relevant previous studies. This systematic review entailed identifying articles related to trained innate immunity. The sources were obtained from PubMed using different search terms that included "trained innate immunity," "trained immunity," "trained," "innate," "immunity," and "immune system." Boolean operators were used to combine terms and phrases. A review of previous study results revealed that little is currently known about the molecular and cellular processes that mediate or induce a trained immune response in animals. However, it is believed that alterations in the phenotypes of cell populations and the numbers of specific cells may play a critical role in mediating the trained immune response. Increasing evidence shows that the protective processes and actions that occur during a secondary infection are not entirely linked to the adaptive immune system. Instead, these events also involve heightened activation of innate immune cells. While trained innate immune cells may have a shorter memory, they assist in the fight against pathogens and provide cross-protection. Identification of the mechanisms and molecules that underlie trained innate immunity has highlighted important features of the human immune response. Such advances continue to open doors for future research on how the body responds to disease-causing pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Borros Arneth
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Hospital of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg, UKGM, Feulgenstr 12, 35339, Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The innate immune system, through pattern recognition receptors, intercepts any kind of pathogen and reacts through chemotactic, phagocyting, cytokines-secreting and cell-killing mechanisms in a very quick and effective way. Meanwhile, the adaptive immunity arm, through dendritic and T and B cells memory activation, is alerted and starts, more slowly, to produce antibodies, seen thanks to the progress of immunological investigations in comparative vertebrates, invertebrates, and vegetal models.However, it has been stated that the innate immune system also displays adaptive potential in terms of reinfection resistance through immune memory, in addition to the modulation of responses against repeated low doses of lipopolysaccharides (Lps) or cross-immunization, starting from one pathogenic species and extending to others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Via del Pozzo, 71, Modena (MO) 41124, Italy.,Second Opinion Medical Network, Via Ciro Bissi, 125, Modena (MO), Italy
| | - Maria Vadala'
- Second Opinion Medical Network, Via Ciro Bissi, 125, Modena (MO), Italy
| | - Lucia Palmieri
- Second Opinion Medical Network, Via Ciro Bissi, 125, Modena (MO), Italy.,Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Hospital of Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71, Modena41124, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Does Training Innate Immunity Confer Broad-spectrum Protection Against Bone and Joint Infection in a Mouse Model? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2020; 478:2670-2681. [PMID: 32858720 PMCID: PMC7571992 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The innate immune system can recall previous immunologic challenges and thus respond more effectively to subsequent unrelated challenges, a phenomenon called trained immunity. Training the innate immune system before surgery might be a potential option to prevent bone and joint infection. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) Does the training process cause adverse effects such as fever or organ injury? (2) Does training the innate immune system confer broad-spectrum protection against bone and joint infection in a mouse model? (3) Does trained immunity remain effective for up to 8 weeks in this mouse model? METHODS After randomization and group information blinding, we trained the innate immune system of C57BL/6 mice (n = 20 for each group) by intravenously injecting them with either 0.1 mg of zymosan (a toll-like receptor 2 agonist), 0.1 mg of lipopolysaccharide (a toll-like receptor 4 agonist), or normal saline (control). For assessing the host response and possible organ injury after training and infection challenge, we monitored rectal temperature, collected blood to determine leukocyte counts, and performed biochemical and proinflammatory cytokine analyses. After 2 weeks, we then assessed whether trained immunity could prevent infections in an intraarticular implant model subjected to a local or systemic challenge with a broad spectrum of bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in terms of culture-positive rate and colony counts. The proportion of culture-positive joint samples from trained and control groups were compared after 4 weeks. Finally, we increased the interval between training and bacterial challenge up to 8 weeks to assess the durability of training efficacies. RESULTS Training with zymosan and lipopolysaccharide caused mild and transient stress in host animals in terms of elevated rectal temperature and higher blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels. Trained mice had fewer culture-positive joint samples after local inoculation with S. aureus (control: 100% [20 of 20]; zymosan: 55% [11 of 20], relative risk 0.55 [95% CI 0.37 to 0.82]; p = 0.001; lipopolysaccharide: 60% [12 of 20], RR 0.60 [95% CI 0.42 to 0.86]; p = 0.003) and systemic challenge with S. aureus (control: 70% [14 of 20]; zymosan: 15% [3 of 20], RR 0.21 [95% CI 0.07 to 0.63]; p = 0.001; lipopolysaccharide: 15% [3 of 20], RR 0.21 [95% CI 0.07 to 0.63]; p = 0.001) than controls. We observed similar patterns of enhanced protection against local and systemic challenge of E. coli, E. faecalis, S. pyogenes, and P. aeruginosa. Zymosan-trained mice were more effectively protected against both local (control: 20 of 20 [100%], zymosan: 14 of 20 [70%], RR 0.70 [95% CI 0.53 to 0.93]; p = 0.02) and systemic (control: 70% [14 of 20]; zymosan: 30% [6 of 20], RR 0.43 [95% CI 0.21 to 0.89]; p = 0.03) challenge with S. aureus for up to 8 weeks than controls. CONCLUSIONS Trained immunity confers mild stress and broad-spectrum protection against bone and joint infection in a mouse model. The protection conferred by immunity training lasted up to 8 weeks in this mouse model. The results of the current research support further study of this presurgical strategy to mitigate bone and joint infection in other large animal models. CLINICAL RELEVANCE If large animal models substantiate the efficacy and safety of presurgical immunity training-based strategies, clinical trials would be then warranted to translate this strategy into clinical practice.
Collapse
|
42
|
Defour M, Hooiveld GJEJ, van Weeghel M, Kersten S. Probing metabolic memory in the hepatic response to fasting. Physiol Genomics 2020; 52:602-617. [PMID: 33074794 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00117.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues may respond differently to a particular stimulus if they have been previously exposed to that same stimulus. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a strong metabolic stimulus such as fasting may influence the hepatic response to a subsequent fast and thus elicit a memory effect. Overnight fasting in mice significantly increased plasma free fatty acids, glycerol, β-hydroxybutyrate, and liver triglycerides, and decreased plasma glucose, plasma triglycerides, and liver glycogen levels. In addition, fasting dramatically changed the liver transcriptome, upregulating genes involved in gluconeogenesis and in uptake, oxidation, storage, and mobilization of fatty acids, and downregulating genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid elongation/desaturation, and cholesterol synthesis. Fasting also markedly impacted the liver metabolome, causing a decrease in the levels of numerous amino acids, glycolytic-intermediates, TCA cycle intermediates, and nucleotides. However, these fasting-induced changes were unaffected by two previous overnight fasts. Also, no significant effect was observed of prior fasting on glucose tolerance. Finally, analysis of the effect of fasting on the transcriptome in hepatocyte humanized mouse livers indicated modest similarity in gene regulation in mouse and human liver cells. In general, genes involved in metabolic pathways were upregulated or downregulated to a lesser extent in human liver cells than in mouse liver cells. In conclusion, we found that previous exposure to fasting in mice did not influence the hepatic response to a subsequent fast, arguing against the concept of metabolic memory in the liver. Our data provide a useful resource for the study of liver metabolism during fasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merel Defour
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gopalaswamy R, Ganesan N, Velmurugan K, Aravindhan V, Subbian S. The Strange Case of BCG and COVID-19: The Verdict Is Still up in the Air. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E612. [PMID: 33081331 PMCID: PMC7711751 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. In the absence of specific vaccines or therapeutics available, COVID-19 cases are managed empirically with the passive immunity approach and repurposing of drugs used for other conditions. Recently, a concept that bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination could confer protection against COVID-19 has emerged. The foundation for this widespread attention came from several recent articles, including the one by Miller et al. submitted to MedRxiv, a pre-print server. The authors of this article suggest that a correlation exists between countries with a prolonged national BCG vaccination program and the morbidity/mortality due to COVID-19. Further, clinical BCG vaccination trials are currently ongoing in the Netherlands, Australia, the UK, and Germany with the hope of reducing mortality due to COVID-19. Although BCG vaccination helps protect children against tuberculosis, experimental studies have shown that BCG can also elicit a non-specific immune response against viral and non-mycobacterial infections. Here, we summarize the pros and cons of BCG vaccination and critically analyze the evidence provided for the protective effect of BCG against COVID-19 and highlight the confounding factors in these studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radha Gopalaswamy
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai 600031, India;
| | | | - Kalamani Velmurugan
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, India;
| | | | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Trovato M, Sartorius R, D’Apice L, Manco R, De Berardinis P. Viral Emerging Diseases: Challenges in Developing Vaccination Strategies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2130. [PMID: 33013898 PMCID: PMC7494754 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, a number of infectious viruses have emerged from wildlife or re-emerged, generating serious threats to the global health and to the economy worldwide. Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers, Lassa fever, Dengue fever, Yellow fever, West Nile fever, Zika, and Chikungunya vector-borne diseases, Swine flu, Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the recent Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are examples of zoonoses that have spread throughout the globe with such a significant impact on public health that the scientific community has been called for a rapid intervention in preventing and treating emerging infections. Vaccination is probably the most effective tool in helping the immune system to activate protective responses against pathogens, reducing morbidity and mortality, as proven by historical records. Under health emergency conditions, new and alternative approaches in vaccine design and development are imperative for a rapid and massive vaccination coverage, to manage a disease outbreak and curtail the epidemic spread. This review gives an update on the current vaccination strategies for some of the emerging/re-emerging viruses, and discusses challenges and hurdles to overcome for developing efficacious vaccines against future pathogens.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody-Dependent Enhancement/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention & control
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- SARS-CoV-2
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- COVID-19 Serotherapy
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Trovato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fu HY, Bao WM, Yang CX, Lai WJ, Xu JM, Yu HY, Yang YN, Tan X, Gupta AK, Tang YM. Kupffer Cells Regulate Natural Killer Cells Via the NK group 2, Member D (NKG2D)/Retinoic Acid Early Inducible-1 (RAE-1) Interaction and Cytokines in a Primary Biliary Cholangitis Mouse Model. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923726. [PMID: 32599603 PMCID: PMC7346879 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kupffer cells and natural killer (NK) cells has been identified as contributing factors in the pathogenesis of hepatitis, but the detailed mechanism of these cell types in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is poorly understood. Material/Methods In this study, polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly I: C), 2-octynoic acid-bovine serum albumin (2OA-BSA) and Freund’s adjuvant (FA) were injected to establish a murine PBC model, from which NK cells and Kupffer cells were extracted and isolated. The cells were then co-cultivated in a designed culture system, and then NK group 2, member D (NKG2D), retinoic acid early inducible-1 (RAE-1), F4/80, and cytokine expression levels were detected. Results The results showed close crosstalk between Kupffer cells and NK cells. PBC mice showed increased surface RAE-1 protein expression and Kupffer cell cytokine secretion, which subsequently activated NK cell-mediated target cell killing via NKG2D/RAE-1 recognition, and increased inflammation. NK cell-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and Kupffer cell-derived tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were found to synergistically regulate inflammation. Moreover, interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-10 improved the crosstalk between NK cells and Kupffer cells. Conclusions Our findings in mice are the first to suggest the involvement of the NKG2D/RAE-1 interaction and cytokines in the synergistic effects of NK and Kupffer cells in PBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Wei-Min Bao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Cai-Xia Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Wei-Ju Lai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Jia-Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Hai-Yan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yi-Na Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Xu Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Ajay Kumar Gupta
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Ying-Mei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fol M, Włodarczyk M, Druszczyńska M. Host Epigenetics in Intracellular Pathogen Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134573. [PMID: 32605029 PMCID: PMC7369821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Some intracellular pathogens are able to avoid the defense mechanisms contributing to host epigenetic modifications. These changes trigger alterations tothe chromatin structure and on the transcriptional level of genes involved in the pathogenesis of many bacterial diseases. In this way, pathogens manipulate the host cell for their own survival. The better understanding of epigenetic consequences in bacterial infection may open the door for designing new vaccine approaches and therapeutic implications. This article characterizes selected intracellular bacterial pathogens, including Mycobacterium spp., Listeria spp., Chlamydia spp., Mycoplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., Legionella spp. and Yersinia spp., which can modulate and reprogram of defense genes in host innate immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Fol
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-635-44-72
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
de Laval B, Maurizio J, Kandalla PK, Brisou G, Simonnet L, Huber C, Gimenez G, Matcovitch-Natan O, Reinhardt S, David E, Mildner A, Leutz A, Nadel B, Bordi C, Amit I, Sarrazin S, Sieweke MH. C/EBPβ-Dependent Epigenetic Memory Induces Trained Immunity in Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:657-674.e8. [PMID: 32169166 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain life-long production of immune cells and can directly respond to infection, but sustained effects on the immune response remain unclear. We show that acute immune stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced only transient changes in HSC abundance, composition, progeny, and gene expression, but persistent alterations in accessibility of specific myeloid lineage enhancers occurred, which increased responsiveness of associated immune genes to secondary stimulation. Functionally, this was associated with increased myelopoiesis of pre-exposed HSCs and improved innate immunity against the gram-negative bacterium P. aeruginosa. The accessible myeloid enhancers were enriched for C/EBPβ targets, and C/EBPβ deletion erased the long-term inscription of LPS-induced epigenetic marks and gene expression. Thus, short-term immune signaling can induce C/EBPβ-dependent chromatin accessibility, resulting in HSC-trained immunity, during secondary infection. This establishes a mechanism for how infection history can be epigenetically inscribed in HSCs as an integral memory function of innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Maurizio
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France; Inovarion, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Prashanth K Kandalla
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriel Brisou
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Louise Simonnet
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Huber
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Gregory Gimenez
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France; Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Reinhardt
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alexander Mildner
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Leutz
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bertrand Nadel
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Bordi
- Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, CNRS, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sandrine Sarrazin
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Michael H Sieweke
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chalons P, Courtaut F, Limagne E, Chalmin F, Cantos-Villar E, Richard T, Auger C, Chabert P, Schini-Kerth V, Ghiringhelli F, Aires V, Delmas D. Red Wine Extract Disrupts Th17 Lymphocyte Differentiation in a Colorectal Cancer Context. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1901286. [PMID: 32306526 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Scope: It is well established that immune response and inflammation promote tumoral progression. Immune cells communicate through direct contact or through cytokine secretion, and it is the pro-inflammatory status that will tip the balance toward tumor progression or anti-tumor immunity. It is demonstrated here that a red wine extract (RWE) can decrease inflammation through its action on the inflammasome complex. This study determines whether an RWE could impact other key actors of inflammation, including T helper 17 (Th17) immune cells in particular. METHODS AND RESULTS Methods and results: Using an RWE containing 4.16 g of polyphenols/liter of wine, it is shown that RWE decreases colorectal cancer cells in vitro and induces a reduction in colorectal tumor growth associated with a decrease in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in vivo. The process of T-lymphocyte differentiation in Th17 cells is altered by RWE, as revealed by the decrease in the expression of key actors controlling this process, such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and retinoid acid-related orphan receptor γt. This disruption is associated with an inhibition of inflammatory interleukin 17 secretion. CONCLUSION The data highlights the major involvement of Th17 immune cells in the biological effects of an RWE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Chalons
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, F-21000, France.,INSERM Research Center U1231-Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Flavie Courtaut
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, F-21000, France.,INSERM Research Center U1231-Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Emeric Limagne
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, F-21000, France.,INSERM Research Center U1231-Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Dijon, F-21000, France.,Plateforme de Transfert en Biologie du Cancer (PTBC) Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Fanny Chalmin
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, F-21000, France.,INSERM Research Center U1231-Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Emma Cantos-Villar
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Rancho de La Merced, Ctra. Trebujena, 11.471 Jerez de la Frontera, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Tristan Richard
- Université de Bordeaux, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, Equipe Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique - ISVV, Villenave-d'Ornon, F-33882, France
| | - Cyril Auger
- UMR 1260 INSERM Nanomédecine Régénérative, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, F-67401, France
| | - Philippe Chabert
- UMR CNRS 7021 - Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, F-67401, France
| | - Valérie Schini-Kerth
- UMR 1260 INSERM Nanomédecine Régénérative, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, F-67401, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, F-21000, France.,INSERM Research Center U1231-Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Dijon, F-21000, France.,Plateforme de Transfert en Biologie du Cancer (PTBC) Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, F-21000, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Virginie Aires
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, F-21000, France.,INSERM Research Center U1231-Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Dominique Delmas
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, F-21000, France.,INSERM Research Center U1231-Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Dijon, F-21000, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, F-21000, France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fidel PL, Yano J, Esher SK, Noverr MC. Applying the Host-Microbe Damage Response Framework to Candida Pathogenesis: Current and Prospective Strategies to Reduce Damage. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6010035. [PMID: 32168864 PMCID: PMC7151217 DOI: 10.3390/jof6010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease is a complex outcome that can occur as a result of pathogen-mediated damage, host-mediated damage or both. This has led to the revolutionary concept of the damage response framework (DRF) that defines microbial virulence as a function of host immunity. The DRF outlines six scenarios (classes) of host damage or beneficial outcomes, depending on the microbe and the strength of the immune response. Candida albicans is uniquely adapted to its human host and can exist as either a commensal, colonizing various anatomical sites without causing notable damage, or as a pathogen, with the ability to cause a diverse array of diseases, ranging from mucosal to invasive systemic infections that result in varying levels of microbe-mediated and/or host-mediated damage. We recently categorized six different forms of candidiasis (oropharyngeal, hematogenous, intra-abdominal, gastrointestinal, denture stomatitis, and vulvovaginitis) into independent DRF classes, supporting a contemporary view of unique mechanisms of pathogenesis for these Candida infections. In this review, we summarize the evidence for the pathogenesis of these various forms of candidiasis in the context of the DRF with the further intent to provide insights into strategies to achieve a level of host response or outcome otherwise, that limits host damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul L. Fidel
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-504-941-8425
| | - Junko Yano
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA;
| | - Shannon K. Esher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.K.E.); (M.C.N.)
| | - Mairi C. Noverr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.K.E.); (M.C.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lérias JR, de Sousa E, Paraschoudi G, Martins J, Condeço C, Figueiredo N, Carvalho C, Dodoo E, Maia A, Castillo-Martin M, Beltrán A, Ligeiro D, Rao M, Zumla A, Maeurer M. Trained Immunity for Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2924. [PMID: 31998254 PMCID: PMC6967396 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory formation, guided by microbial ligands, has been reported for innate immune cells. Epigenetic imprinting plays an important role herein, involving histone modification after pathogen-/danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs) recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Such "trained immunity" affects not only the nominal target pathogen, yet also non-related targets that may be encountered later in life. The concept of trained innate immunity warrants further exploration in cancer and how these insights can be implemented in immunotherapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of innate immune memory and we reference new findings in this field, highlighting the observations of trained immunity in monocytic and natural killer cells. We also provide a brief overview of trained immunity in non-immune cells, such as stromal cells and fibroblasts. Finally, we present possible strategies based on trained innate immunity that may help to devise host-directed immunotherapies focusing on cancer, with possible extension to infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Lérias
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eric de Sousa
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - João Martins
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Condeço
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Figueiredo
- Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Carvalho
- Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ernest Dodoo
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Maia
- Molecular and Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Molecular and Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antonio Beltrán
- Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dário Ligeiro
- Lisbon Centre for Blood and Transplantation, Instituto Português do Sangue e Transplantação, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martin Rao
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Maeurer
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|