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Chaudhary A, He Z, Atwood DJ, Miyazaki M, Oto OA, Davidoff A, Edelstein CL. Raising serum uric acid with a uricase inhibitor worsens PKD in rat and mouse models. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F1004-F1015. [PMID: 38634129 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00372.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans are predisposed to gout because they lack uricase that converts uric acid to allantoin. Rodents have uricase, resulting in low basal serum uric acid. A uricase inhibitor raises serum uric acid in rodents. There were two aims of the study in polycystic kidney disease (PKD): 1) to determine whether increasing serum uric acid with the uricase inhibitor, oxonic acid, resulted in faster cyst growth and 2) to determine whether treatment with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, oxypurinol, reduced the cyst growth caused by oxonic acid. Orthologous models of human PKD were used: PCK rats, a polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (Pkhd1) gene model of autosomal recessive PKD (ARPKD) and Pkd1RC/RC mice, a hypomorphic Pkd1 gene model. In PCK rats and Pkd1RC/RC mice, oxonic acid resulted in a significant increase in serum uric acid, kidney weight, and cyst index. Mechanisms of increased cyst growth that were investigated were proinflammatory cytokines, the inflammasome, and crystal deposition in the kidney. Oxonic acid resulted in an increase in proinflammatory cytokines in the serum and kidney in Pkd1RC/RC mice. Oxonic acid did not cause activation of the inflammasome or uric acid crystal deposition in the kidney. In Pkd1RC/RC male and female mice analyzed together, oxypurinol decreased the oxonic acid-induced increase in cyst index. In summary, increasing serum uric acid by inhibiting uricase with oxonic acid results in an increase in kidney weight and cyst index in PCK rats and Pkd1RC/RC mice. The effect is independent of inflammasome activation or crystal deposition in the kidney.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first reported study of uric acid measurements and xanthine oxidase inhibition in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) rodents. Raising serum uric acid with a uricase inhibitor resulted in increased kidney weight and cyst index in Pkd1RC/RC mice and PCK rats, elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the serum and kidney in Pkd1RC/RC mice, and no uric acid crystal deposition or activation of the caspase-1 inflammasome in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Chaudhary
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Zhibin He
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Daniel J Atwood
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Makoto Miyazaki
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Ozgur A Oto
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | | | - Charles L Edelstein
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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Fang X, Zhang Y, Wu H, Wang H, Miao R, Wei J, Zhang Y, Tian J, Tong X. Mitochondrial regulation of diabetic endothelial dysfunction: Pathophysiological links. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 170:106569. [PMID: 38556159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Micro- and macrovascular complications frequently occur in patients with diabetes, with endothelial dysfunction playing a key role in the development and progression of the complications. For the early diagnosis and optimal treatment of vascular complications associated with diabetes, it is imperative to comprehend the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the function of diabetic endothelial cells. Mitochondria function as crucial sensors of environmental and cellular stress regulating endothelial cell viability, structural integrity and function. Impaired mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and mitochondrial dysfunction are the main features of endothelial damage. Hence, targeted mitochondrial therapy is considered promising novel therapeutic options in vascular complications of diabetes. In this review, we focus on the mitochondrial functions in the vascular endothelial cells and the pathophysiological role of mitochondria in diabetic endothelial dysfunction, aiming to provide a reference for related drug development and clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Fang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Haoran Wu
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Runyu Miao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiahua Wei
- Graduate College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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Xiao Y, Liu X, Xie K, Luo J, Zhang Y, Huang X, Luo J, Tan S. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by HIF-1α under hypoxia contributes to the development of gastric mucosal lesions. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1653. [PMID: 38616702 PMCID: PMC11016940 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoxia is an important characteristic of gastric mucosal diseases, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) contributes to microenvironment disturbance and metabolic spectrum abnormalities. However, the underlying mechanism of HIF-1α and its association with mitochondrial dysfunction in gastric mucosal lesions under hypoxia have not been fully clarified. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of hypoxia-induced HIF-1α on the development of gastric mucosal lesions. METHODS Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and gastric cancer (GC) were selected as representative diseases of benign and malignant gastric lesions, respectively. Gastric tissues from patients diagnosed with the above diseases were collected. Portal hypertension (PHT)-induced mouse models in METTL3 mutant or NLRP3-deficient littermates were established, and nude mouse gastric graft tumour models with relevant inhibitors were generated. The mechanisms underlying hypoxic condition, mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic alterations in gastric mucosal lesions were further analysed. RESULTS HIF-1α, which can mediate mitochondrial dysfunction via upregulation of METTL3/IGF2BP3-dependent dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) N6-methyladenosine modification to increase mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production, was elevated under hypoxic conditions in human and mouse portal hypertensive gastric mucosa and GC tissues. While blocking HIF-1α with PX-478, inhibiting Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission via mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1) treatment or METTL3 mutation alleviated this process. Furthermore, HIF-1α influenced energy metabolism by enhancing glycolysis via lactate dehydrogenase A. In addition, HIF-1α-induced Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission also enhanced glycolysis. Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission and enhanced glycolysis were associated with alterations in antioxidant enzyme activity and dysfunction of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, resulting in massive mtROS production, which was needed for activation of NLRP3 inflammasome to aggravate the development of the PHG and GC. CONCLUSIONS Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1α enhances mitochondrial dysfunction via Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission and influences the metabolic profile by altering glycolysis to increase mtROS production, which can trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mucosal microenvironment alterations to contribute to the development of benign and malignant gastric mucosal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Xiao
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xianzhi Liu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Kaiduan Xie
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiajie Luo
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yiwang Zhang
- Department of PathologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jinni Luo
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Siwei Tan
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Allan CY, Sanislav O, Fisher PR. Polycystin-2 Mediated Calcium Signalling in the Dictyostelium Model for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Cells 2024; 13:610. [PMID: 38607049 PMCID: PMC11012017 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) occurs when the proteins Polycystin-1 (PC1, PKD1) and Polycystin-2 (PC2, PKD2) contain mutations. PC1 is a large membrane receptor that can interact and form a complex with the calcium-permeable cation channel PC2. This complex localizes to the plasma membrane, primary cilia and ER. Dysregulated calcium signalling and consequential alterations in downstream signalling pathways in ADPKD are linked to cyst formation and expansion; however, it is not completely understood how PC1 and PC2 regulate calcium signalling. We have studied Polycystin-2 mediated calcium signalling in the model organism Dictyostelium discoideum by overexpressing and knocking down the expression of the endogenous Polycystin-2 homologue, Polycystin-2. Chemoattractant-stimulated cytosolic calcium response magnitudes increased and decreased in overexpression and knockdown strains, respectively, and analysis of the response kinetics indicates that Polycystin-2 is a significant contributor to the control of Ca2+ responses. Furthermore, basal cytosolic calcium levels were reduced in Polycystin-2 knockdown transformants. These alterations in Ca2+ signalling also impacted other downstream Ca2+-sensitive processes including growth rates, endocytosis, stalk cell differentiation and spore viability, indicating that Dictyostelium is a useful model to study Polycystin-2 mediated calcium signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul R. Fisher
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (C.Y.A.)
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Fedeles BI, Bhardwaj R, Ishikawa Y, Khumsubdee S, Krappitz M, Gubina N, Volpe I, Andrade DC, Westergerling P, Staudner T, Campolo J, Liu SS, Dong K, Cai Y, Rehman M, Gallagher AR, Ruchirawat S, Croy RG, Essigmann JM, Fedeles SV, Somlo S. A synthetic agent ameliorates polycystic kidney disease by promoting apoptosis of cystic cells through increased oxidative stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317344121. [PMID: 38241440 PMCID: PMC10823221 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317344121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common monogenic cause of chronic kidney disease and the fourth leading cause of end-stage kidney disease, accounting for over 50% of prevalent cases requiring renal replacement therapy. There is a pressing need for improved therapy for ADPKD. Recent insights into the pathophysiology of ADPKD revealed that cyst cells undergo metabolic changes that up-regulate aerobic glycolysis in lieu of mitochondrial respiration for energy production, a process that ostensibly fuels their increased proliferation. The present work leverages this metabolic disruption as a way to selectively target cyst cells for apoptosis. This small-molecule therapeutic strategy utilizes 11beta-dichloro, a repurposed DNA-damaging anti-tumor agent that induces apoptosis by exacerbating mitochondrial oxidative stress. Here, we demonstrate that 11beta-dichloro is effective in delaying cyst growth and its associated inflammatory and fibrotic events, thus preserving kidney function in perinatal and adult mouse models of ADPKD. In both models, the cyst cells with homozygous inactivation of Pkd1 show enhanced oxidative stress following treatment with 11beta-dichloro and undergo apoptosis. Co-administration of the antioxidant vitamin E negated the therapeutic benefit of 11beta-dichloro in vivo, supporting the conclusion that oxidative stress is a key component of the mechanism of action. As a preclinical development primer, we also synthesized and tested an 11beta-dichloro derivative that cannot directly alkylate DNA, while retaining pro-oxidant features. This derivative nonetheless maintains excellent anti-cystic properties in vivo and emerges as the lead candidate for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan I. Fedeles
- Departments of Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Rishi Bhardwaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Yasunobu Ishikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Sakunchai Khumsubdee
- Departments of Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok10210, Thailand
| | - Matteus Krappitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Nina Gubina
- Departments of Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino142290, Russia
| | - Isabel Volpe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Denise C. Andrade
- Departments of Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Parisa Westergerling
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Tobias Staudner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Jake Campolo
- Departments of Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Sally S. Liu
- Departments of Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Yiqiang Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Michael Rehman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Anna-Rachel Gallagher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok10210, Thailand
| | - Robert G. Croy
- Departments of Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - John M. Essigmann
- Departments of Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Sorin V. Fedeles
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Stefan Somlo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
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Elliott B, Márquez-Nogueras KM, Thuo P, DiNello E, Knutila RM, Fritzmann GE, Willis M, Chapman AB, Cao Q, Barefield DY, Kuo IY. Cardiac Localized Polycystin-2 plays a Functional Role in Natriuretic Peptide Production and its Absence Contributes to Hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.02.573922. [PMID: 38260706 PMCID: PMC10802350 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.02.573922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the most common cause of mortality in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Hypertension is seen in 70% of patients by the age of 30 prior to decline in kidney function. The natriuretic peptides (NPs), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), are released by cardiomyocytes in response to membrane stretch, increasing urinary excretion of sodium and water. Mice heterozygous for Pkd2 have attenuated NP responses and we hypothesized that cardiomyocyte-localized polycystin proteins contribute to production of NPs. Cardiomyocyte-specific knock-out models of polycystin-2 (PC2), one of the causative genes of ADPKD, demonstrate diurnal hypertension. These mice have decreased ANP and BNP expression in the left ventricle. Analysis of the pathways involved in production, maturation, and activity of NPs identified decreased transcription of CgB, PCSK6, and NFAT genes in cPC2-KOs. Engineered heart tissue with human iPSCs driven into cardiomyocytes with CRISPR/Cas9 KO of PKD2 failed to produce ANP. These results suggest that PC2 in cardiomyocytes are involved in NP production and lack of cardiac PC2 predisposes to a hypertensive volume expanded phenotype, which may contribute to the development of hypertension in ADPKD.
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Zhang X, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Gan J, Yu B, Lu B, Jiang X. Melatonin as a therapeutic agent for alleviating endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: Emphasis on oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115475. [PMID: 37722190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is vital in maintaining cardiovascular health by regulating vascular permeability and tone, preventing thrombosis, and controlling vascular inflammation. However, when oxidative stress triggers endothelial dysfunction, it can lead to chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This happens due to oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory responses, and reduced levels of nitric oxide. These factors cause damage to endothelial cells, leading to the acceleration of CVD progression. Melatonin, a natural antioxidant, has been shown to inhibit oxidative stress and stabilize endothelial function, providing cardiovascular protection. The clinical application of melatonin in the prevention and treatment of CVDs has received widespread attention. In this review, based on bibliometric studies, we first discussed the relationship between oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction and CVDs, then summarized the role of melatonin in the treatment of atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and other CVDs. Finally, the potential clinical use of melatonin in the treatment of these diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Jiali Gan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Bin Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Bin Lu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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8
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Pala R, Barui AK, Mohieldin AM, Zhou J, Nauli SM. Folate conjugated nanomedicines for selective inhibition of mTOR signaling in polycystic kidneys at clinically relevant doses. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122329. [PMID: 37722182 PMCID: PMC10836200 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Although rapamycin is a very effective drug for rodents with polycystic kidney disease (PKD), it is not encouraging in the clinical trials due to the suboptimal dosages compelled by the off-target side effects. We here report the generation, characterization, specificity, functionality, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicology profiles of novel polycystic kidney-specific-targeting nanoparticles (NPs). We formulated folate-conjugated PLGA-PEG NPs, which can be loaded with multiple drugs, including rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor) and antioxidant 4-hydroxy-TEMPO (a nephroprotective agent). The NPs increased the efficacy, potency and tolerability of rapamycin resulting in an increased survival rate and improved kidney function by decreasing side effects and reducing biodistribution to other organs in PKD mice. The daily administration of rapamycin-alone (1 mg/kg/day) could now be achieved with a weekly injection of NPs containing rapamycin (379 μg/kg/week). This polycystic kidney-targeting nanotechnology, for the first time, integrated advances in the use of 1) nanoparticles as a delivery cargo, 2) folate for targeting, 3) near-infrared Cy5-fluorophore for in vitro and in vivo live imaging, 4) rapamycin as a pharmacological therapy, and 5) TEMPO as a combinational therapy. The slow sustained-release of rapamycin by polycystic kidney-targeting NPs demonstrates a new era of nanomedicine in treatment for chronic kidney diseases at clinically relevant doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekharreddy Pala
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA; Marlin Biopharma, Irvine, CA, 92620, USA.
| | - Ayan K Barui
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Ashraf M Mohieldin
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Surya M Nauli
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA; Marlin Biopharma, Irvine, CA, 92620, USA.
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Dennis MR, Pires PW, Banek CT. Vascular Dysfunction in Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Mini-Review. J Vasc Res 2023; 60:125-136. [PMID: 37536302 PMCID: PMC10947982 DOI: 10.1159/000531647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is one of the most common hereditary kidney diseases, which is characterized by progressive cyst growth and secondary hypertension. In addition to cystogenesis and renal abnormalities, patients with PKD can develop vascular abnormalities and cardiovascular complications. Progressive cyst growth substantially alters renal structure and culminates into end-stage renal disease. There remains no cure beyond renal transplantation, and treatment options remain largely limited to chronic renal replacement therapy. In addition to end-stage renal disease, patients with PKD also present with hypertension and cardiovascular disease, yet the timing and interactions between the cardiovascular and renal effects of PKD progression are understudied. Here, we review the vascular dysfunction found in clinical and preclinical models of PKD, including the clinical manifestations and relationship to hypertension, stroke, and related cardiovascular diseases. Finally, our discussion also highlights the critical questions and emerging areas in vascular research in PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Dennis
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Paulo W Pires
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher T Banek
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Sagar PS, Munt A, Saravanabavan S, Vahedi FA, Elhindi J, Nguyen B, Chau K, Harris DC, Lee V, Sud K, Wong N, Rangan GK. Efficacy of beetroot juice on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive adults with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (BEET-PKD): study protocol for a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:482. [PMID: 37507763 PMCID: PMC10386227 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) impaired nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, in part, contributes to early-onset hypertension. Beetroot juice (BRJ) reduces blood pressure (BP) by increasing NO-mediated vasodilation. The aim of this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study is to test the hypothesis that BRJ reduces systolic and diastolic clinic BP in hypertensive adults with ADPKD. METHODS Participants with ADPKD and treated hypertension (n = 60) will be randomly allocated (1:1) to receive a daily dose of either nitrate-replete (400 mg nitrate/day) or nitrate-deplete BRJ for 4 weeks. The co-primary outcomes are change in mean systolic and diastolic clinic BP before and after 4 weeks of treatment with daily BRJ. Secondary outcomes are changes in daily home BP, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, serum and salivary nitrate/nitrite levels and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine levels before and after 4 weeks of BRJ. DISCUSSION The effect of BRJ in ADPKD has not been previously tested. BRJ is an accessible, natural dietary supplement that, if effective, will provide a novel adjunctive approach for treating hypertension in ADPKD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05401409. Retrospectively registered on 27th May 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka S Sagar
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Alexandra Munt
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Sayanthooran Saravanabavan
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Farnoosh Asghar Vahedi
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - James Elhindi
- Research and Education Network, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Beatrice Nguyen
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Katrina Chau
- Department of Renal Medicine, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2148, Australia
- Blacktown Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Blacktown, NSW, 2148, Australia
| | - David C Harris
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Vincent Lee
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Kamal Sud
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2750, Australia
| | - Nikki Wong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2750, Australia
| | - Gopala K Rangan
- Michael Stern Laboratory for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
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11
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Simões E Silva AC, Oliveira EA, Cheung WW, Mak RH. Redox Signaling in Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Cachexia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040945. [PMID: 37107320 PMCID: PMC10136196 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox signaling alterations contribute to chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated cachexia. This review aims to summarize studies about redox pathophysiology in CKD-associated cachexia and muscle wasting and to discuss potential therapeutic approaches based on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules to restore redox homeostasis. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems of antioxidant molecules have been studied in experimental models of kidney diseases and patients with CKD. Oxidative stress is increased by several factors present in CKD, including uremic toxins, inflammation, and metabolic and hormone alterations, leading to muscle wasting. Rehabilitative nutritional and physical exercises have shown beneficial effects for CKD-associated cachexia. Anti-inflammatory molecules have also been tested in experimental models of CKD. The importance of oxidative stress has been shown by experimental studies in which antioxidant therapies ameliorated CKD and its associated complications in the 5/6 nephrectomy model. Treatment of CKD-associated cachexia is a challenge and further studies are necessary to investigate potential therapies involving antioxidant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Oliveira
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Wai W Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert H Mak
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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12
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Zhou X, Torres VE. Emerging therapies for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with a focus on cAMP signaling. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:981963. [PMID: 36120538 PMCID: PMC9478168 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.981963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), with an estimated genetic prevalence between 1:400 and 1:1,000 individuals, is the third most common cause of end stage kidney disease after diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Over the last 3 decades there has been great progress in understanding its pathogenesis. This allows the stratification of therapeutic targets into four levels, gene mutation and polycystin disruption, proximal mechanisms directly caused by disruption of polycystin function, downstream regulatory and signaling pathways, and non-specific pathophysiologic processes shared by many other diseases. Dysfunction of the polycystins, encoded by the PKD genes, is closely associated with disruption of calcium and upregulation of cyclic AMP and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, affecting most downstream regulatory, signaling, and pathophysiologic pathways altered in this disease. Interventions acting on G protein coupled receptors to inhibit of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production have been effective in preclinical trials and have led to the first approved treatment for ADPKD. However, completely blocking cAMP mediated PKA activation is not feasible and PKA activation independently from cAMP can also occur in ADPKD. Therefore, targeting the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway beyond cAMP production makes sense. Redundancy of mechanisms, numerous positive and negative feedback loops, and possibly counteracting effects may limit the effectiveness of targeting downstream pathways. Nevertheless, interventions targeting important regulatory, signaling and pathophysiologic pathways downstream from cAMP/PKA activation may provide additive or synergistic value and build on a strategy that has already had success. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the role of cAMP and PKA signaling and their multiple downstream pathways as potential targets for emergent therapies for ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- *Correspondence: Xia Zhou, ; Vicente E. Torres,
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13
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Dachy A, Decuypere JP, Vennekens R, Jouret F, Mekahli D. Is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease an early sweet disease? Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:1945-1955. [PMID: 34988697 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The clinical course of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) starts in childhood. Evidence of the beneficial impact of early nephron-protective strategies and lifestyle modifications on ADPKD prognosis is accumulating. Recent studies have described the association of overweight and obesity with rapid disease progression in adults with ADPKD. Moreover, defective glucose metabolism and metabolic reprogramming have been reported in distinct ADPKD models highlighting these pathways as potential therapeutic targets in ADPKD. Several "metabolic" approaches are currently under evaluation in adults, including ketogenic diet, food restriction, and metformin therapy. No data are available on the impact of these approaches in childhood thus far. Yet, according to World Health Organization (WHO), we are currently facing a childhood obesity crisis with an increased prevalence of overweight/obesity in the pediatric population associated with a cardio-metabolic risk profile. The present review summarizes the knowledge about the role of glucose metabolism in the pathophysiology of ADPKD and underscores the possible harm of overweight and obesity in ADPKD especially in terms of long-term cardiovascular outcomes and renal prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Dachy
- PKD Research Group, GPURE, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, ULiège Academic Hospital, Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Translational Research in Nephrology (LTRN), GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Decuypere
- PKD Research Group, GPURE, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rudi Vennekens
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - François Jouret
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Nephrology (LTRN), GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, ULiège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, ULiège Academic Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Djalila Mekahli
- PKD Research Group, GPURE, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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14
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Apeland T, Ushakova A, Mansoor MA, Furriol J, Jonsson G, Marti HP. Association of redox and inflammation-related biomarkers with prognosis in IgA nephropathy: A prospective observational study. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:62-70. [PMID: 35716825 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgA nephropathy (IGAN) has a variable prognosis. Risk stratification tools are usually based on clinical parameters combined with histologic Oxford-MEST-C score. Circulating redox- and inflammation-related biomarkers may be related to histological changes in IGAN. Therefore, we studied the performance of these biomarkers in predicting the rate of GFR-loss in IGAN. METHODS This was an observational prospective study. Fifty-seven stable patients with IGAN were examined at baseline and after a mean observational time of 5.9 ± 1.1 years. The main outcome measure was eGFR-loss per year with predefined groups, stable (<1.5 ml/min/1,73 m2/year, intermediate (between 1.5 and 2.5), and progressive (>2.5). RESULTS Fifteen patients were in the progressive, 11 in the intermediate, and 31 in the stable groups. Positive relationships were detected between eGFR-loss per year and baseline nitrate, oxidized free cysteine, parathyroid hormone, APRIL, TNFR1, CD30, chitinase 3, and LIF-5. The progressive group had elevated concentrations of these markers plus AOPP and osteopontin. Through ROC analysis, it was observed that AOPP, oxidized free cysteine, TNFR1, osteopontin, and LIF-5 had the best ability to identify progressive vs. non-progressive diseases. The combination of urinary albumin/creatinine ratio with AOPP and TNFR1 significantly improved the ability to identify progressive eGFR decline with ROC AUC 95% (adjusted 85%). CONCLUSIONS We found prognostic biomarkers related to the rate of eGFR-loss in IGAN. These biomarkers may help identify patients at risk of progressive disease. AOPP, oxidized free cysteine, TNFR1, and osteopontin are promising prognostic biomarkers in IGAN, however, further validation studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terje Apeland
- Department of Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Anastasia Ushakova
- Department of Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mohammad A Mansoor
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Jessica Furriol
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Grete Jonsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Hans-Peter Marti
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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15
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Renal mitochondrial injury in the pathogenesis of CKD: mtDNA and mitomiRs. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:345-360. [PMID: 35260892 PMCID: PMC10018514 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health concern that affects over 200 million people worldwide and is associated with a tremendous economic burden. Therefore, deciphering the mechanisms underpinning CKD is crucial to decelerate its progression towards end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal tubular cells are populated with a high number of mitochondria, which produce cellular energy and modulate several important cellular processes, including generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium homeostasis, proliferation, and apoptosis. Over the past few years, increasing evidence has implicated renal mitochondrial damage in the pathogenesis of common etiologies of CKD, such as diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome (MetS), chronic renal ischemia, and polycystic kidney disease (PKD). However, most compelling evidence is based on preclinical studies because renal biopsies are not routinely performed in many patients with CKD. Previous studies have shown that urinary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers may serve as non-invasive biomarkers of renal mitochondrial dysfunction. Emerging data also suggest that CKD is associated with altered expression of mitochondria-related microRNAs (mitomiRs), which localize in mitochondria and regulate the expression of mtDNA and nucleus-encoded mitochondrial genes. This review summarizes relevant evidence regarding the involvement of renal mitochondrial injury and dysfunction in frequent forms of CKD. We further provide an overview of non-invasive biomarkers and potential mechanisms of renal mitochondrial damage, especially focusing on mtDNA and mitomiRs.
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16
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Peces R, Peces C, Mena R, Cuesta E, García-Santiago FA, Ossorio M, Afonso S, Lapunzina P, Nevado J. Rapidly Progressing to ESRD in an Individual with Coexisting ADPKD and Masked Klinefelter and Gitelman Syndromes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030394. [PMID: 35327948 PMCID: PMC8954516 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common monogenetic hereditary renal disease, promoting end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a consequence of an extra copy of the X chromosome in males. Main symptoms in KS include hypogonadism, tall stature, azoospermia, and a risk of cardiovascular diseases, among others. Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by SLC12A3 variants, and is associated with hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, normal or low blood pressure, and salt loss. The three disorders have distinct and well-delineated clinical, biochemical, and genetic findings. We here report a male patient with ADPKD who developed early chronic renal failure leading to ESRD, presenting with an intracranial aneurysm and infertility. NGS identified two de novo PKD1 variants, one known (likely pathogenic), and a previously unreported variant of uncertain significance, together with two SLC12A3 pathogenic variants. In addition, cytogenetic analysis showed a 47, XXY karyotype. We investigated the putative impact of this rare association by analyzing possible clinical, biochemical, and/or genetic interactions and by comparing the evolution of renal size and function in the proband with three age-matched ADPKD (by variants in PKD1) cohorts. We hypothesize that the coexistence of these three genetic disorders may act as modifiers with possible synergistic actions that could lead, in our patient, to a rapid ADPKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Peces
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (R.P.); (M.O.); (S.A.)
| | - Carlos Peces
- Area de Tecnología de la Información, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
| | - Rocío Mena
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.); (F.A.G.-S.); (P.L.)
| | - Emilio Cuesta
- Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Fe Amalia García-Santiago
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.); (F.A.G.-S.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ossorio
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (R.P.); (M.O.); (S.A.)
| | - Sara Afonso
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (R.P.); (M.O.); (S.A.)
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.); (F.A.G.-S.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Nevado
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.); (F.A.G.-S.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-917-277-151; Fax: +34-917-277-382
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17
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Padhi UN, Mulkalwar M, Saikrishna L, Verma HK, Bhaskar LVKS. NOS3 gene intron 4 a/b polymorphism is associated with ESRD in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients. J Bras Nefrol 2022; 44:224-231. [PMID: 35138322 PMCID: PMC9269174 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2021-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) genes have been implicated in renal hemodynamics as potent regulators of vascular tone and blood pressure. It has been linked to a reduction in plasma nitric oxide levels. Several studies have recently been conducted to investigate the role of NOS3 gene polymorphisms and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, the results are still unclear and the mechanisms are not fully defined. As a result, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine the relationship between NOS3 gene polymorphism and ESRD in autosomal polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients. Methods: To assess the relationship between NOS3 gene polymorphism and ESRD, relevant studies published between September 2002 and December 2020 were retrieved from the PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a fixed-effect model. To assess the heterogeneity of studies, we used Cochrane’s Q test and the Higgins and Thompson I2 statistics. Results: Our meta-analysis of 13 studies showed that the presence of the two NOS3 gene polymorphisms significantly increased ESRD risk in ADPKD patients with 4a/b gene polymorphism (aa+ab vs. bb: OR=1.95, 95% CI=1.24-3.09, p=0.004). In addition, no significant association was found between the NOS3 894G>T (Glu298Asp) polymorphism and the risk of ESRD in ADPKD patients (GT+TT vs. GG: OR=1.21, 95% CI=0.93-1.58, p=0.157). There was no evidence of publication bias. Conclusions: The findings of the current meta-analysis suggest that NOS3 intron 4a/b polymorphism plays a vital role in the increasing risk of ESRD in ADPKD patients.
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18
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Llorens-Cebrià C, Molina-Van den Bosch M, Vergara A, Jacobs-Cachá C, Soler MJ. Antioxidant Roles of SGLT2 Inhibitors in the Kidney. Biomolecules 2022; 12:143. [PMID: 35053290 PMCID: PMC8773577 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction-oxidation (redox) system consists of the coupling and coordination of various electron gradients that are generated thanks to serial reduction-oxidation enzymatic reactions. These reactions happen in every cell and produce radical oxidants that can be mainly classified into reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). ROS and RNS modulate cell-signaling pathways and cellular processes fundamental to normal cell function. However, overproduction of oxidative species can lead to oxidative stress (OS) that is pathological. Oxidative stress is a main contributor to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) onset. In the kidney, the proximal tubular cells require a high energy supply to reabsorb proteins, metabolites, ions, and water. In a diabetic milieu, glucose-induced toxicity promotes oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, impairing tubular function. Increased glucose level in urine and ROS enhance the activity of sodium/glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2), which in turn exacerbates OS. SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated clear cardiovascular benefits in DKD which may be in part ascribed to the generation of a beneficial equilibrium between oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Llorens-Cebrià
- Nephrology and Transplantation Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.-C.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.)
| | - Mireia Molina-Van den Bosch
- Nephrology and Transplantation Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.-C.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.)
| | - Ander Vergara
- Nephrology and Transplantation Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.-C.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RD21/0005/0016, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Conxita Jacobs-Cachá
- Nephrology and Transplantation Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.-C.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RD21/0005/0016, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria José Soler
- Nephrology and Transplantation Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.-C.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RD21/0005/0016, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Pagliarini R, Podrini C. Metabolic Reprogramming and Reconstruction: Integration of Experimental and Computational Studies to Set the Path Forward in ADPKD. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:740087. [PMID: 34901057 PMCID: PMC8652061 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.740087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a key feature of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) characterized by changes in cellular pathways occurring in response to the pathological cell conditions. In ADPKD, a broad range of dysregulated pathways have been found. The studies supporting alterations in cell metabolism have shown that the metabolic preference for abnormal cystic growth is to utilize aerobic glycolysis, increasing glutamine uptake and reducing oxidative phosphorylation, consequently resulting in ADPKD cells shifting their energy to alternative energetic pathways. The mechanism behind the role of the polycystin proteins and how it leads to disease remains unclear, despite the identification of numerous signaling pathways. The integration of computational data analysis that accompanies experimental findings was pivotal in the identification of metabolic reprogramming in ADPKD. Here, we summarize the important results and argue that their exploitation may give further insights into the regulative mechanisms driving metabolic reprogramming in ADPKD. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview on metabolic focused studies and potential targets for treatment, and to propose that computational approaches could be instrumental in advancing this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pagliarini
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Christine Podrini
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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20
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Alves-Lopes R, Neves KB, Strembitska A, Harvey AP, Harvey KY, Yusuf H, Haniford S, Hepburn RT, Dyet J, Beattie W, Haddow L, McAbney J, Graham D, Montezano AC. Osteoprotegerin regulates vascular function through syndecan-1 and NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2429-2444. [PMID: 34668009 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenic factors, such as osteoprotegerin (OPG), are protective against vascular calcification. However, OPG is also positively associated with cardiovascular damage, particularly in pulmonary hypertension, possibly through processes beyond effects on calcification. In the present study, we focused on calcification-independent vascular effects of OPG through activation of syndecan-1 and NADPH oxidases (Noxs) 1 and 4. Isolated resistance arteries from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, exposed to exogenous OPG, studied by myography exhibited endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction. OPG decreased nitric oxide (NO) production, eNOS activation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in endothelial cells. In VSMCs, OPG increased ROS production, H2O2/peroxynitrite levels and activation of Rho kinase and myosin light chain. OPG vascular and redox effects were also inhibited by the syndecan-1 inhibitor synstatin (SSNT). Additionally, heparinase and chondroitinase abolished OPG effects on VSMCs-ROS production, confirming syndecan-1 as OPG molecular partner and suggesting that OPG binds to heparan/chondroitin sulphate chains of syndecan-1. OPG-induced ROS production was abrogated by NoxA1ds (Nox1 inhibitor) and GKT137831 (dual Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor). Tempol (SOD mimetic) inhibited vascular dysfunction induced by OPG. In addition, we studied arteries from Nox1 and Nox4 knockout (KO) mice. Nox1 and Nox4 KO abrogated OPG-induced vascular dysfunction. Vascular dysfunction elicited by OPG is mediated by a complex signalling cascade involving syndecan-1, Nox1 and Nox4. Our data identify novel molecular mechanisms beyond calcification for OPG, which may underlie vascular injurious effects of osteogenic factors in conditions such as hypertension and/or diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Hemodynamics/drug effects
- Male
- Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects
- Mesenteric Arteries/enzymology
- Mesenteric Arteries/physiopathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- NADPH Oxidase 1/genetics
- NADPH Oxidase 1/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidase 4/genetics
- NADPH Oxidase 4/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Osteoprotegerin/toxicity
- Oxidative Stress
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Syndecan-1/metabolism
- Mice
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Karla Bianca Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | | | - Adam P Harvey
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Katie Y Harvey
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Hiba Yusuf
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Susan Haniford
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Ross T Hepburn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Jennifer Dyet
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Wendy Beattie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Laura Haddow
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - John McAbney
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Delyth Graham
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
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21
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Daneshgar N, Baguley AW, Liang PI, Wu F, Chu Y, Kinter MT, Benavides GA, Johnson MS, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J, Chan KS, Dai DF. Metabolic derangement in polycystic kidney disease mouse models is ameliorated by mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1200. [PMID: 34671066 PMCID: PMC8528863 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by progressively enlarging cysts. Here we elucidate the interplay between oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic derangement using two mouse models of PKD1 mutation, PKD1RC/null and PKD1RC/RC. Mouse kidneys with PKD1 mutation have decreased mitochondrial complexes activity. Targeted proteomics analysis shows a significant decrease in proteins involved in the TCA cycle, fatty acid oxidation (FAO), respiratory complexes, and endogenous antioxidants. Overexpressing mitochondrial-targeted catalase (mCAT) using adeno-associated virus reduces mitochondrial ROS, oxidative damage, ameliorates the progression of PKD and partially restores expression of proteins involved in FAO and the TCA cycle. In human ADPKD cells, inducing mitochondrial ROS increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and decreased AMPK phosphorylation, whereas the converse was observed with increased scavenging of ROS in the mitochondria. Treatment with the mitochondrial protective peptide, SS31, recapitulates the beneficial effects of mCAT, supporting its potential application as a novel therapeutic for ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Daneshgar
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Andrew W Baguley
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peir-In Liang
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael T Kinter
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology, Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kung-Sik Chan
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Dao-Fu Dai
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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22
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Renoprotection Induced by Aerobic Training Is Dependent on Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Obese Zucker Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3683796. [PMID: 34621463 PMCID: PMC8492245 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3683796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic training (AT) promotes several health benefits that may attenuate the progression of obesity associated diabetes. Since AT is an important nitric oxide (NO−) inducer mediating kidney-healthy phenotype, the present study is aimed at investigating the effects of AT on metabolic parameters, morphological, redox balance, inflammatory profile, and vasoactive peptides in the kidney of obese-diabetic Zucker rats receiving L-NAME (N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester). Forty male Zucker rats (6 wk old) were assigned into four groups (n = 10, each): sedentary lean rats (CTL-Lean), sedentary obese rats (CTL-Obese), AT trained obese rats without blocking nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (Obese+AT), and obese-trained with NOS block (Obese+AT+L-NAME). AT groups ran 60 min in the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS), five days/wk/8 wk. Obese+AT rats improved glycemic homeostasis, SBP, aerobic capacity, renal mitochondria integrity, redox balance, inflammatory profile (e.g., TNF-α, CRP, IL-10, IL-4, and IL-17a), and molecules related to renal NO− metabolism (klotho/FGF23 axis, vasoactive peptides, renal histology, and reduced proteinuria). However, none of these positive outcomes were observed in CTL-Obese and Obese+AT+L-NAME (p < 0.0001) groups. Although Obese+AT+L-NAME lowered BP (compared with CTL-Obese; p < 0.0001), renal damage was observed after AT intervention. Furthermore, AT training under conditions of low NO− concentration increased signaling pathways associated with ACE-2/ANG1-7/MASr. We conclude that AT represents an important nonpharmacological intervention to improve kidney function in obese Zucker rats. However, these renal and metabolic benefits promoted by AT are dependent on NO− bioavailability and its underlying regulatory mechanisms.
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23
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Endothelial Dysfunction Accelerates Impairment of Mitochondrial Function in Ageing Kidneys via Inflammasome Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179269. [PMID: 34502177 PMCID: PMC8430754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a common problem in the elderly and is associated with increased mortality. We have reported on the role of nitric oxide, which is generated from endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), in the progression of aged kidneys. To elucidate the role of endothelial dysfunction and the lack of an eNOS-NO pathway in ageing kidneys, we conducted experiments using eNOS and ASC-deficient mice. C57B/6 J mice (wild type (WT)), eNOS knockout (eNOS KO), and ASC knockout (ASC KO) mice were used in the present study. Then, eNOS/ASC double-knockout (eNOS/ASC DKO) mice were generated by crossing eNOS KO and ASC KO mice. These mice were sacrificed at 17-19 months old. The Masson positive area and the KIM-1 positive area tended to increase in eNOS KO mice, compared with WT mice, but not eNOS/ASC DKO mice. The COX-positive area was significantly reduced in eNOS KO mice, compared with WT and eNOS/ASC DKO mice. To determine whether inflammasomes were activated in infiltrating macrophages, the double staining of IL-18 and F4/80 was performed. IL-18 and F4/80 were found to be co-localised in the tubulointerstitial areas. Inflammasomes play a pivotal role in inflammaging in ageing kidneys. Furthermore, inflammasome activation may accelerate cellular senescence via mitochondrial dysfunction. The importance of endothelial function as a regulatory mechanism suggests that protection of endothelial function may be a potential therapeutic target.
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24
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Zhang JQJ, Saravanabavan S, Cheng KM, Raghubanshi A, Chandra AN, Munt A, Rayner B, Zhang Y, Chau K, Wong ATY, Rangan GK. Long-term dietary nitrate supplementation does not reduce renal cyst growth in experimental autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248400. [PMID: 33886581 PMCID: PMC8061912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Augmentation of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, either by the classical L-arginine-NO synthase pathway, or the recently discovered entero-salivary nitrate-nitrite-NO system, may slow the progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). To test this hypothesis, the expression of NO in human ADPKD cell lines (WT 9–7, WT 9–12), and the effect of L-arginine on an in vitro model of three-dimensional cyst growth using MDCK cells, was examined. In addition, groups of homozygous Pkd1RC/RC mice (a hypomorphic genetic ortholog of ADPKD) received either low, moderate or high dose sodium nitrate (0.1, 1 or 10 mmol/kg/day), or sodium chloride (vehicle; 10 mmol/kg/day), supplemented drinking water from postnatal month 1 to 9 (n = 12 per group). In vitro, intracellular NO, as assessed by DAF-2/DA fluorescence, was reduced by >70% in human ADPKD cell lines, and L-arginine and the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, both attenuated in vitro cyst growth by up to 18%. In contrast, in Pkd1RC/RC mice, sodium nitrate supplementation increased serum nitrate/nitrite levels by ~25-fold in the high dose group (P<0.001), but kidney enlargement and percentage cyst area was not altered, regardless of dose. In conclusion, L-arginine has mild direct efficacy on reducing renal cyst growth in vitro, whereas long-term sodium nitrate supplementation was ineffective in vivo. These data suggest that the bioconversion of dietary nitrate to NO by the entero-salivary pathway may not be sufficient to influence the progression of renal cyst growth in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Q. J. Zhang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sayanthooran Saravanabavan
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kai Man Cheng
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aarya Raghubanshi
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashley N. Chandra
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra Munt
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin Rayner
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yunjia Zhang
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katrina Chau
- Department of Renal Medicine and School of Medicine, Western Sydney University at Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annette T. Y. Wong
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gopala K. Rangan
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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25
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Zhang JQJ, Saravanabavan S, Chandra AN, Munt A, Wong ATY, Harris PC, Harris DCH, McKenzie P, Wang Y, Rangan GK. Up-Regulation of DNA Damage Response Signaling in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:902-920. [PMID: 33549515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage and alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) signaling could be one of the molecular mechanisms mediating focal kidney cyst formation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that markers of DNA damage and DDR signaling are increased in human and experimental ADPKD. In the human ADPKD transcriptome, the number of up-regulated DDR-related genes was increased by 16.6-fold compared with that in normal kidney, and by 2.5-fold in cystic compared with that in minimally cystic tissue (P < 0.0001). In end-stage human ADPKD tissue, γ-H2A histone family member X (H2AX), phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia and radiation-sensitive mutant 3 (Rad3)-related (pATR), and phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (pATM) localized to cystic kidney epithelial cells. In vitro, pATR and pATM were also constitutively increased in human ADPKD tubular cells (WT 9-7 and 9-12) compared with control (HK-2). In addition, extrinsic oxidative DNA damage by hydrogen peroxide augmented γ-H2AX and cell survival in human ADPKD cells, and exacerbated cyst growth in the three-dimensional Madin-Darby canine kidney cyst model. In contrast, DDR-related gene expression was only transiently increased on postnatal day 0 in Pkd1RC/RC mice, and not altered at later time points up to 12 months of age. In conclusion, DDR signaling is dysregulated in human ADPKD and during the early phases of murine ADPKD. The constitutive expression of the DDR pathway in ADPKD may promote survival of PKD1-mutated cells and contribute to kidney cyst growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Q J Zhang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sayanthooran Saravanabavan
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashley N Chandra
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra Munt
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annette T Y Wong
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter C Harris
- Mayo Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David C H Harris
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul McKenzie
- Department of Tissue Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gopala K Rangan
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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26
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Dymkowska D. The involvement of autophagy in the maintenance of endothelial homeostasis: The role of mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:131-147. [PMID: 33412335 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial mitochondria play important signaling roles critical for the regulation of various cellular processes, including calcium signaling, ROS generation, NO synthesis or inflammatory response. Mitochondrial stress or disturbances in mitochondrial function may participate in the development and/or progression of endothelial dysfunction and could precede vascular diseases. Vascular functions are also strictly regulated by properly functioning degradation machinery, including autophagy and mitophagy, and tightly coordinated by mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum responses to stress. Within this review, current knowledge related to the development of cardiovascular disorders and the importance of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and degradation mechanisms in vascular endothelial functions are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Dymkowska
- The Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 3 Pasteur str. 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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27
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Targeting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) for treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Cell Signal 2020; 73:109704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Irazabal MV, Torres VE. Reactive Oxygen Species and Redox Signaling in Chronic Kidney Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061342. [PMID: 32481548 PMCID: PMC7349188 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a worldwide public health problem associated with serious complications and increased mortality rates. Accumulating evidence indicates that elevated intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in the pathogenesis of CKD. Increased intracellular levels of ROS can lead to oxidation of lipids, DNA, and proteins, contributing to cellular damage. On the other hand, ROS are also important secondary messengers in cellular signaling. Consequently, normal kidney cell function relies on the "right" amount of ROS. Mitochondria and NADPH oxidases represent major sources of ROS in the kidney, but renal antioxidant systems, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase counterbalance ROS-mediated injury. This review discusses the main sources of ROS and antioxidant systems in the kidney, and redox signaling pathways leading to inflammation and fibrosis, which result in abnormal kidney function and CKD progression. We further discuss the important role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in regulating antioxidant responses, and other mechanisms of redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Irazabal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Mayo Translational PKD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(507)-293-6388; Fax: +1-(507)-266-9315
| | - Vicente E. Torres
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Mayo Translational PKD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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