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Huang K, Li S, Yang M, Teng Z, Xu B, Wang B, Chen J, Zhao L, Wu H. The epigenetic mechanism of metabolic risk in bipolar disorder. Obes Rev 2024:e13816. [PMID: 39188090 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex and severe mental illness that causes significant suffering to patients. In addition to the burden of depressive and manic symptoms, patients with BD are at an increased risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS includes factors associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which may increase the mortality rate of patients with BD. Several studies have suggested a link between BD and MetS, which may be explained at an epigenetic level. We have focused on epigenetic mechanisms to review the causes of metabolic risk in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sujuan Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziwei Teng
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Baoyan Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, The Sixth Clinical Medical College of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Bolun Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haishan Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Rodbard HW, Barnard-Kelly K, Pfeiffer AFH, Mauersberger C, Schnell O, Giorgino F. Practical strategies to manage obesity in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:2029-2045. [PMID: 38514387 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The rising phenomenon of obesity, a major risk factor for the development and progression of type 2 diabetes, is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires a comprehensive and coordinated approach to be prevented and managed. Although novel pharmacological measures to combat obesity have achieved unprecedented efficacy, a healthy lifestyle remains essential for the long-term success of any therapeutic intervention. However, this requires a high level of intrinsic motivation and continued behavioural changes in the face of multiple metabolic, psychological and environmental factors promoting weight gain, particularly in the context of type 2 diabetes. This review is intended to provide practical recommendations in the context of a holistic, person-centred approach to weight management, including evidence-based and expert recommendations addressing supportive communication, shared decision-making, as well as nutritional and pharmacological therapeutic approaches to achieve sustained weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharine Barnard-Kelly
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- BHR Limited, Portsmouth, UK
- Spotlight Consultations, Fareham, UK
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Schnell
- Sciarc GmbH, Baierbrunn, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes eV at the Helmholtz Centre, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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De Ryck E, Ghosh M, Nawrot TS, Reimann B, Koppen G, Verachtert E, Devlieger R, Godderis L, Pauwels S. Effects of exposure to environmental factors on obesity-related growth parameters and leptin (LEP) methylation in children. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123465. [PMID: 38309423 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity is rapidly increasing. Therefore, gaining more information on the role of environmental parameters is key. With overexpression of leptin (encoded by LEP) in obesity, LEP methylation might be altered by environmental exposures. This study aims to assess effects of ambient air pollution and nearby greenness on obesity-related growth and LEP methylation in early childhood. We monitored 120 mother-child pairs from conception until the age of five. Buccal swabs and anthropometric measurements of the children were taken at six months, one year, and five years old. Buccal DNA was extracted to determine LEP methylation levels. Estimates of air pollution and nearby greenness were calculated using high-resolution models. Effects of air pollution and nearby greenness on growth or LEP methylation were investigated using linear mixed effects models. Positive associations were shown for air pollution between conception and age one on impedance in six-month-olds and one-year-olds in the crude model. PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 (PM10) and ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) positively associated with waist-hip-ratio and waist circumference at age five in the fully adjusted model. In early childhood, closest distance to forest negatively, and urban green and forest positively associated with weight-for-length, body mass index, and fat percentage in five-year-olds in the fully adjusted model. No significant associations for noise, and walkability on growth were seen. Negative associations were shown for smaller green clusters and positive associations for greater green clusters on LEP methylation in one-year-olds. For forest distance, walkability, noise, or all green on LEP methylation, no significant associations were found. Evidence is provided that ambient air pollution might have a significant effect on impedance and waist-hip-ratio, suggesting an increased risk of childhood obesity. Based on LEP methylation, greater green clusters might associate with a decreased risk of childhood obesity, while smaller green clusters showed the opposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi De Ryck
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Brigitte Reimann
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- Unit Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute of Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
| | - Els Verachtert
- Environmental Modelling Unit, Flemish Institute of Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
| | - Roland Devlieger
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UZ Leuven - University Hospitals of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lode Godderis
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Sara Pauwels
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Unit Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute of Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
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Tanaka Y, Mizuguchi R, Koseki N, Suzuki H, Suzuki T. Quality assessment of enzymatic methyl-seq library constructed using crude cell lysate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 696:149488. [PMID: 38219485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Enzymatic methyl-seq (EM-seq), an enzyme-based method, identifies genome-wide DNA methylation, which enables us to obtain reliable methylome data from purified genomic DNA by avoiding bisulfite-induced DNA damage. However, the loss of DNA during purification hinders the methylome analysis of limited samples. The crude DNA extraction method is the quickest and minimal sample loss approach for obtaining useable DNA without requiring additional dissolution and purification. However, it remains unclear whether crude DNA can be used directly for EM-seq library construction. In this study, we aimed to assess the quality of EM-seq libraries prepared directly using crude DNA. The crude DNA-derived libraries provided appropriate fragment sizes and concentrations for sequencing similar to those of the purified DNA-derived libraries. However, the sequencing results of crude samples exhibited lower reference sequence mapping efficiencies than those of the purified samples. Additionally, the lower-input crude DNA-derived sample exhibited a marginally lower cytosine-to-thymine conversion efficiency and hypermethylated pattern around gene regulatory elements than the higher-input crude DNA- or purified DNA-derived samples. In contrast, the methylation profiles of the crude and purified samples exhibited a significant correlation. Our findings indicate that crude DNA can be used as a raw material for EM-seq library construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tanaka
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), RIKEN Yokohama Campus, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Risa Mizuguchi
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), RIKEN Yokohama Campus, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Norio Koseki
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), RIKEN Yokohama Campus, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Harukazu Suzuki
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), RIKEN Yokohama Campus, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), RIKEN Yokohama Campus, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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Kim NH, Kim M, Han JS, Sohn H, Oh B, Lee JW, Ahn S. Machine-learning model for predicting depression in second-hand smokers in cross-sectional data using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Digit Health 2024; 10:20552076241257046. [PMID: 38784054 PMCID: PMC11113066 DOI: 10.1177/20552076241257046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Depression among non-smokers at risk of second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure has been a neglected public health concern despite their vulnerability. The objective of this study was to develop high-performance machine-learning (ML) models for the prediction of depression in non-smokers and to identify important predictors of depression for second-hand smokers. Methods ML algorithms were created using demographic and clinical data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) participants from 2014, 2016, and 2018 (N = 11,463). The Patient Health Questionnaire was used to diagnose depression with a total score of 10 or higher. The final model was selected according to the area under the curve (AUC) or sensitivity. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) were used to identify influential features. Results The light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) with the highest positive predictive value (PPV; 0.646) was selected as the best model among the ML algorithms, whereas the support vector machine (SVM) had the highest AUC (0.900). The most influential factors identified using the LGBM were stress perception, followed by subjective health status and quality of life. Among the smoking-related features, urine cotinine levels were the most important, and no linear relationship existed between the smoking-related features and the values of SHAP. Conclusions Compared with the previously developed ML models, our LGBM models achieved excellent and even superior performance in predicting depression among non-smokers at risk of SHS exposure, suggesting potential goals for depression-preventive interventions for non-smokers during public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Hyun Kim
- Health Promotion Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Myeongju Kim
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Healthcare Innovation Park, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jong Soo Han
- Health Promotion Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyoju Sohn
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Healthcare Innovation Park, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Bumjo Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sumin Ahn
- Department of Digital Healthcare, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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Pinna G. Role of PPAR-Allopregnanolone Signaling in Behavioral and Inflammatory Gut-Brain Axis Communications. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:609-618. [PMID: 37156350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome regulates emotional behavior, stress responses, and inflammatory processes by communicating with the brain. How and which neurobiological mediators underlie this communication remain poorly understood. PPAR-α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α), a transcription factor susceptible to epigenetic modifications, regulates pathophysiological functions, including metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and behavior. Mood disorders, inflammatory processes, and obesity are intertwined phenomena that are associated with low blood concentrations of the anti-inflammatory and "endogenous tranquilizer" neurosteroid allopregnanolone and poor PPAR-α function. Stress and consumption of obesogenic diets repress PPAR function in brain, enterocytes, lipocytes, and immune modulatory cells favoring inflammation, lipogenesis, and mood instability. Conversely, micronutrients and modulators of PPAR-α function improve microbiome composition, dampen systemic inflammation and lipogenesis, and improve anxiety and depression. In rodent stress models of anxiety and depression, PPAR activation normalizes both PPAR-α expression downregulation and decreased allopregnanolone content and ameliorates depressive-like behavior and fear responses. PPAR-α is known to regulate metabolic and inflammatory processes activated by short-chain fatty acids; endocannabinoids and congeners, such as N-palmitoylethanolamide, drugs that treat dyslipidemias; and micronutrients, including polyunsaturated fatty acids. Both PPAR-α and allopregnanolone are abundantly expressed in the colon, and they exert potent anti-inflammatory actions by blocking the toll-like receptor-4-nuclear factor-κB pathway in peripheral immune cells, neurons, and glia. The perspective that PPAR-α regulation in the colon by gut microbiota or metabolites influences central allopregnanolone content after trafficking to the brain, thereby serving as a mediator of gut-brain axis communications, is examined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Pinna
- Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois Center on Depression and Resilience, and Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Calcaterra V, Schneider L, Baresi S, Bodini F, Bona F, Chillemi C, De Silvestri A, Zanelli S, Zuccotti G. Specific Learning Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1595. [PMID: 37892258 PMCID: PMC10605066 DOI: 10.3390/children10101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Specific learning disorders (SLDs) are the most frequently diagnosed developmental disorders in childhood. Different neurocognitive patterns have been found in patients with overweight and obesity, but no data on childhood obesity and SLDs have been reported. To increase our understanding of the relationship between neuropsychological developmental and obesity, we assessed the prevalence of SLD in a pediatric population with obesity. We retrospectively included 380 children and adolescents with obesity. For all participants, auxological, metabolic, demographic features, relationship and social skills, anamnestic data on pregnancy and the perinatal period, stages of development and family medical history were reviewed. SLD was defined according to the DSM-5 criteria. A group of 101 controls of normal weight was included. The overall prevalence of SLD was 10.8%, and SLD was more prevalent in patients with obesity (p < 0.001), with male predominance (p = 0.01). SGA was associated with SLD (p = 0.02). Speech retardation (p < 0.001), limited relationships with peers (p < 0.001) and didactic support (p < 0.001) were noted in the SLD group compared to the group without SLD. A higher prevalence of family history of neuropsychiatric disorders was observed in the SLD group (p = 0.04). A higher fasting glucose level was detected in patients with obesity and SLD compared to subjects without SLD (p = 0.01). An association between obesity and SLD could not be excluded, and an overlap of pathogenic factors for both conditions should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (F.B.); (F.B.); (C.C.); (S.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Laura Schneider
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (F.B.); (F.B.); (C.C.); (S.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Stefano Baresi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (F.B.); (F.B.); (C.C.); (S.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Francesca Bodini
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (F.B.); (F.B.); (C.C.); (S.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Federica Bona
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (F.B.); (F.B.); (C.C.); (S.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Claudia Chillemi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (F.B.); (F.B.); (C.C.); (S.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Annalisa De Silvestri
- Biometry & Clinical Epidemiology, Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Sara Zanelli
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (F.B.); (F.B.); (C.C.); (S.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (F.B.); (F.B.); (C.C.); (S.Z.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
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Jimenez A, Littlejohn E. Pediatric Obesity: Primary Care Perspective and Prevention. Pediatr Ann 2023; 52:e51-e56. [PMID: 36779884 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20230102-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
In 1997, the World Health Organization declared obesity a global epidemic. Despite multiple efforts, obesity rates have been exponentially increasing for the past few decades. In the last few years, obesity rates have reached an alarming number. Multiple factors play a role in pediatric obesity, such as diet, sedentarism, and poor sleep, as well as psychosocial and environmental factors. Pediatricians and primary care providers are key in the management of overweight and obesity. They have the advantage of observing children over a long period of time, having a family centered perspective, and often being seen as a reliable source of information. Studies have shown that not only is obesity underdiagnosed, but there is a lack of knowledge among physicians and available resources regarding pediatric obesity. This article reviews the principles of prevention in a primary care outpatient setting. Additionally, it discusses some of the challenges commonly faced when addressing pediatric obesity. [Pediatr Ann. 2023;52(2):e51-e56.].
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Handakas E, Xu Y, Segal AB, Huerta MC, Bowman K, Howe LD, Sassi F, Robinson O. Molecular mediators of the association between child obesity and mental health. Front Genet 2022; 13:947591. [PMID: 36118877 PMCID: PMC9473726 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.947591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and depression remain unclear. We investigated the role of metabolites and DNA methylation as mediators of the relationship between childhood obesity and subsequent poor mental health in the English Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Obesity was defined according to United Kingdom Growth charts at age 7 years and mental health through the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) completed at age 11 years. Metabolites and DNA methylation were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Illumina array in blood at the age of 7 years. The associations between obesity and SMFQ score, as continuous count data or using cut-offs to define depressive symptoms (SMFQ >7) or depression (SMFQ >11), were tested using adjusted Poisson and logistic regression. Candidate metabolite mediators were identified through metabolome-wide association scans for obesity and SMFQ score, correcting for false-discovery rate. Candidate DNA methylation mediators were identified through testing the association of putative BMI-associated CpG sites with SMFQ scores, correcting for look-up false-discovery rate. Mediation by candidate molecular markers was tested. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were additionally applied to test causal associations of metabolites with depression in independent adult samples. 4,018 and 768 children were included for metabolomics and epigenetics analyses, respectively. Obesity at 7 years was associated with a 14% increase in SMFQ score (95% CI: 1.04, 1.25) and greater odds of depression (OR: 1.46 (95% CI: 0.78, 2.38) at 11 years. Natural indirect effects (mediating pathways) between obesity and depression for tyrosine, leucine and conjugated linoleic acid were 1.06 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.13, proportion mediated (PM): 15%), 1.04 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.10, PM: 9.6%) and 1.06 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.12, PM: 13.9%) respectively. In MR analysis, one unit increase in tyrosine was associated with 0.13 higher log odds of depression (p = 0.1). Methylation at cg17128312, located in the FBXW9 gene, had a natural indirect effect of 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01,1.13, PM: 27%) as a mediator of obesity and SMFQ score. Potential biologically plausible mechanisms involving these identified molecular features include neurotransmitter regulation, inflammation, and gut microbiome modulation. These results require replication in further observational and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Handakas
- Μedical Research Council Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yiwen Xu
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Innovation, Department of Economics and Public Policy, Imperial College Business School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexa Blair Segal
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Innovation, Department of Economics and Public Policy, Imperial College Business School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Carmen Huerta
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Innovation, Department of Economics and Public Policy, Imperial College Business School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Bowman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Laura D. Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Franco Sassi
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Innovation, Department of Economics and Public Policy, Imperial College Business School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Robinson
- Μedical Research Council Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Amadio P, Macchi C, Favero C, Zarà M, Solazzo G, Dioni L, Sandrini L, Vigna L, Greco MF, Buoli M, Sirtori CR, Pesatori AC, Ieraci A, Ruscica M, Barbieri SS, Bollati V. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Extracellular Vesicle-Derived miRNAs in an Italian Cohort of Individuals With Obesity: A Key to Explain the Link Between Depression and Atherothrombosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:906483. [PMID: 35911513 PMCID: PMC9326054 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.906483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundObesity and depression are intertwined diseases often associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) complications. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), altered in the brain both of subjects with depression and obesity, provides a potential link between depression and thrombosis. Since the relationship among peripheral BDNF, depression and obesity is not well-defined, the aim of the present report has been to address this issue taking advantage of the contribution played by extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived miRNAs.Research ProcessAssociations among circulating BDNF, depression and EV-derived miRNAs related to atherothrombosis have been evaluated in a large Italian cohort of obese individuals (n = 743), characterized by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) score.ResultsBDI-II was negatively associated with BDNF levels without a significant impact of the rs6265 BDNF polymorphism; this association was modified by raised levels of IFN-γ. BDNF levels were linked to an increase of 80 EV-derived miRNAs and a decrease of 59 miRNAs related to atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Network analysis identified at least 18 genes targeted by these miRNAs, 7 of which involved in depression and CV risk. The observation of a possible link among BDNF, depression, and miRNAs related to atherothrombosis and depression in obesity is novel and may lead to a wider use of BDNF as a CV risk biomarker in this specific subject group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Amadio
- Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Macchi
- Department of Biomolecular and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Favero
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Zarà
- Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Solazzo
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Dioni
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sandrini
- Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Luisella Vigna
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Greco
- Department of Biomolecular and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Buoli
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca'Granda Ospedale, Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare R. Sirtori
- Department of Biomolecular and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Cecilia Pesatori
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ieraci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Biomolecular and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Massimiliano Ruscica
| | - Silvia Stella Barbieri
- Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- Silvia Stella Barbieri
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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11
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Epigenetic signatures in antidepressant treatment response: a methylome-wide association study in the EMC trial. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:268. [PMID: 35794104 PMCID: PMC9259740 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the currently available antidepressants are well established in the treatment of the major depressive disorder (MDD), there is strong variability in the response of individual patients. Reliable predictors to guide treatment decisions before or in an early stage of treatment are needed. DNA-methylation has been proven a useful biomarker in different clinical conditions, but its importance for mechanisms of antidepressant response has not yet been determined. 80 MDD patients were selected out of >500 participants from the Early Medication Change (EMC) cohort with available genetic material based on their antidepressant response after four weeks and stratified into clear responders and age- and sex-matched non-responders (N = 40, each). Early improvement after two weeks was analyzed as a secondary outcome. DNA-methylation was determined using the Illumina EPIC BeadChip. Epigenome-wide association studies were performed and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) identified using the comb-p algorithm. Enrichment was tested for hallmark gene-sets and in genome-wide association studies of depression and antidepressant response. No epigenome-wide significant differentially methylated positions were found for treatment response or early improvement. Twenty DMRs were associated with response; the strongest in an enhancer region in SORBS2, which has been related to cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes. Another DMR was located in CYP2C18, a gene previously linked to antidepressant response. Results pointed towards differential methylation in genes associated with cardiac function, neuroticism, and depression. Linking differential methylation to antidepressant treatment response is an emerging topic and represents a step towards personalized medicine, potentially facilitating the prediction of patients' response before treatment.
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12
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Li Y, Pollock CA, Saad S. Aberrant DNA Methylation Mediates the Transgenerational Risk of Metabolic and Chronic Disease Due to Maternal Obesity and Overnutrition. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111653. [PMID: 34828259 PMCID: PMC8624316 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity is a rapidly evolving universal epidemic leading to acute and long-term medical and obstetric health issues, including increased maternal risks of gestational diabetes, hypertension and pre-eclampsia, and the future risks for offspring's predisposition to metabolic diseases. Epigenetic modification, in particular DNA methylation, represents a mechanism whereby environmental effects impact on the phenotypic expression of human disease. Maternal obesity or overnutrition contributes to the alterations in DNA methylation during early life which, through fetal programming, can predispose the offspring to many metabolic and chronic diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. This review aims to summarize findings from human and animal studies, which support the role of maternal obesity in fetal programing and the potential benefit of altering DNA methylation to limit maternal obesity related disease in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China;
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Sonia Saad
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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13
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Glavan D, Gheorman V, Gresita A, Hermann DM, Udristoiu I, Popa-Wagner A. Identification of transcriptome alterations in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and hippocampus of suicide victims. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18853. [PMID: 34552157 PMCID: PMC8458545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide is one of the leading causes of death globally for all ages, and as such presents a very serious problem for clinicians worldwide. However, the underlying neurobiological pathology remains to a large extent unknown. In order to address this gap, we have carried out a genome-wide investigation of the gene expression in the amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and thalamus in post-mortem brain samples obtained from 20 suicide completers and 7 control subjects. By KEGG enrichment analysis indicated we identified novel clusters of downregulated pathways involved in antigen neutralization and autoimmune thyroid disease (amygdala, thalamus), decreased axonal plasticity in the hippocampus. Two upregulated pathways were involved in neuronal death in the hippocampus and olfactory transduction in the thalamus and the prefrontal cortex. Autoimmune thyroid disease pathway was downregulated only in females. Metabolic pathways involved in Notch signaling amino acid metabolism and unsaturated lipid synthesis were thalamus-specific. Suicide-associated changes in the expression of several genes and pseudogenes that point to various functional mechanisms possibly implicated in the pathology of suicide. Two genes (SNORA13 and RNU4-2) involved in RNA processing were common to all brain regions analyzed. Most of the identified gene expression changes were related to region-specific dysregulated manifestation of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders (SNORD114-10, SUSd1), motivation, addiction and motor disorders (CHRNA6), long-term depression (RAB3B), stress response, major depression and schizophrenia (GFAP), signal transduction at the neurovascular unit (NEXN) and inhibitory neurotransmission in spatial learning, neural plasticity (CALB2; CLIC6, ENPP1). Some of the differentially expressed genes were brain specific non-coding RNAs involved in the regulation of translation (SNORA13). One, (PARM1) is a potential oncogene and prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer with no known function in the brain. Disturbed gene expression involved in antigen neutralization, autoimmunity, neural plasticity, stress response, signal transduction at the neurovascular unit, dysregulated nuclear RNA processing and translation and epigenetic imprinting signatures is associated with suicide and point to regulatory non-coding RNAs as potential targets of new drugs development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Glavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Victor Gheorman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Andrei Gresita
- Griffith University Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Gold Coast Campus, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg, Essen, Germany
| | - Ion Udristoiu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Griffith University Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Gold Coast Campus, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia. .,Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg, Essen, Germany.
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14
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Cross-National Variations in COVID-19 Mortality: The Role of Diet, Obesity and Depression. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9020036. [PMID: 34066585 PMCID: PMC8161818 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been characterized by wide variations in mortality across nations. Some of this variability may be explained by medical comorbidities such as obesity and depression, both of which are strongly correlated with dietary practices such as levels of sugar and seafood consumption. Methods: COVID-19 mortality indices for 156 countries were obtained from the Johns Hopkins University’s data aggregator. Correlations between these variables and (a) per capita consumption of sugar and seafood, and (b) country-wise prevalence of depression and obesity were examined. Results: Sugar consumption (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) and prevalence of obesity (r = 0.66, p < 0.001) and depression (r = 0.56, p < 0.001) were positively correlated with crude mortality rates, while seafood consumption was negatively correlated with the infection fatality rate (r = −0.28, p = 0.015). These effects were significant even after correcting for potential confounders. The associations with depression and obesity remained significant upon multivariate regression. Conclusions: Both obesity and depression, which are associated with inflammatory dysregulation, may be related to cross-national variations in COVID-19 mortality, while seafood consumption may be protective. These findings have implications in terms of protecting vulnerable individuals during the current pandemic.
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15
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Scarborough AM, Flaherty JN, Hunter OV, Liu K, Kumar A, Xing C, Tu BP, Conrad NK. SAM homeostasis is regulated by CFI m-mediated splicing of MAT2A. eLife 2021; 10:e64930. [PMID: 33949310 PMCID: PMC8139829 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is the methyl donor for nearly all cellular methylation events. Cells regulate intracellular SAM levels through intron detention of MAT2A, the only SAM synthetase expressed in most cells. The N6-adenosine methyltransferase METTL16 promotes splicing of the MAT2A detained intron by an unknown mechanism. Using an unbiased CRISPR knock-out screen, we identified CFIm25 (NUDT21) as a regulator of MAT2A intron detention and intracellular SAM levels. CFIm25 is a component of the cleavage factor Im (CFIm) complex that regulates poly(A) site selection, but we show it promotes MAT2A splicing independent of poly(A) site selection. CFIm25-mediated MAT2A splicing induction requires the RS domains of its binding partners, CFIm68 and CFIm59 as well as binding sites in the detained intron and 3´ UTR. These studies uncover mechanisms that regulate MAT2A intron detention and reveal a previously undescribed role for CFIm in splicing and SAM metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Scarborough
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Juliana N Flaherty
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Olga V Hunter
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Kuanqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Benjamin P Tu
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Nicholas K Conrad
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
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16
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Kumar P, Kraal AZ, Prawdzik AM, Ringold AE, Ellingrod V. Dietary Glutamic Acid, Obesity, and Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 11:620097. [PMID: 33551881 PMCID: PMC7859478 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.620097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Schizophrenia is a lifelong condition associated with several comorbid conditions such as physical illnesses like obesity, as well as co-occurring psychiatric symptoms such as depression. Research regarding susceptibility to some of these comorbidities has primary focused on genetic risks or neurotransmitters and very little work has been done to understand environmental factors such as diet. In particular, understanding the role of dietary glutamic acid consumption on co-morbidities in patients with schizophrenia is important, as evidence suggests that glutamic acid consumption may directly influence glutamatergic neurotransmission; a key neurotransmitter related to schizophrenia, its associated co-morbidities, and depression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the potential relationship between dietary glutamic acid and depressive symptomatology in patients with schizophrenia, stratified by obesity status, due to its relationship with inflammation, antipsychotic use, and depressive symptoms. Methods: Subjects included in this analysis, were part of a parent cross-sectional study in which included three dietary recalls analyzed using protocols outlined as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) standardized criteria. Additionally, body mass index (BMI), and Beck Depression Inventory were obtained at this visit. Subjects with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 were included in the obesity group, and the relationship between glutamic acid consumption and BDI scores was analyzed after controlling for age, race, sex, antidepressant and antipsychotic use, and animal and vegetable protein intake which provide natural forms of dietary glutamic acid. Results: A total of 168 participants were included in this study, of which 42.5% were female and 52.9% were White. The mean BMI for the group as a whole was 33.5 ± 8.7 (kg/m2) and the mean BDI was 14.5 ± 10.2 (range 2-50). No differences were found between obesity groups, other than a greater hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and lower waist to hip ratio. Overall, no relationship was found between dietary glutamic acid and BDI scores, However, for non-obese participants, diets higher levels of glutamic acid were associated with greater depression symptomatology (p = 0.021). Conclusion: These preliminary results indicate a possible correlation between dietary glutamic acid a depressive symptoms in non-obese patients with schizophrenia, although further research is needed to specifically examine this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kumar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - A. Zarina Kraal
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Andreas M. Prawdzik
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Mathematics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | | | - Vicki Ellingrod
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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