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Alam S, Sim S, Li MQ, Chang BJ, Lee J. Recent Progress in Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells: Photoabsorbent Materials and Design Strategies. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:493. [PMID: 38675304 PMCID: PMC11051828 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The increasing energy demands of the global community can be met with solar energy. Solution-processed organic solar cells have seen great progress in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) have made enormous progress in recent years and have been considered one of the most promising solar cell technologies for applications in building-integrated windows, agricultural greenhouses, and wearable energy resources. Therefore, through the synergistic efforts of transparent electrodes, engineering in near-infrared photoabsorbent materials, and device engineering, high-performance ST-OSCs have developed, and PCE and average visible transmittance reach over 10% and 40%, respectively. In this review, we present the recent progress in photoabsorbent material engineering and strategies for enhancing the performance of ST-OSCs to help researchers gain a better understanding of structure-property-performance relationships. To conclude, new design concepts in material engineering and outlook are proposed to facilitate the further development of high-performance ST-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabaz Alam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.A.); (S.S.); (M.Q.L.)
| | - Suhui Sim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.A.); (S.S.); (M.Q.L.)
| | - Meng Qiang Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.A.); (S.S.); (M.Q.L.)
| | - Bong-Jun Chang
- Interface Materials and Chemical Engineering Research Center, Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.A.); (S.S.); (M.Q.L.)
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Ma L, Zhang S, Ryu DH, Wang G, Song CE, Shin WS, Ren J, Hou J. Design of Chlorinated Indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene Acceptors toward Efficient Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1243-1250. [PMID: 38143313 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated modifications have been extensively employed to modulate the optoelectronic properties of π-conjugated materials. Herein, the Cl substitution in designing nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) with various bandgaps is studied. Four narrow-bandgap electron acceptors (GS-40, GS-41, GS-42, and GS-43) were synthesized by tuning the electrostatic potential distributions of the molecular conjugated backbones. The optical absorption onset of these NFAs ranges from 900 to 1030 nm. Compared to the nonchlorinated analogue, the introduction of Cl atoms on the core of indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b'] dithiophene (IDT) and π spacer results in an upward shift of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels and induces a blue shift in the absorption spectra of the NFAs. This alteration facilitates achieving appropriate energy-level alignment and favorable bulk heterojunction morphology when blended with the widely used donor PBDB-TF. The PBDB-TF:GS-43-based solar cells show an optimal power conversion efficiency of 13.3%. This work suggests the potential of employing chlorine-modified IDT and thiophene units as fundamental building blocks for developing high-performance photoactive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Du Hyeon Ryu
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Guanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chang Eun Song
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Won Suk Shin
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Junzhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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3
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Yan J, Rodríguez-Martínez X, Pearce D, Douglas H, Bili D, Azzouzi M, Eisner F, Virbule A, Rezasoltani E, Belova V, Dörling B, Few S, Szumska AA, Hou X, Zhang G, Yip HL, Campoy-Quiles M, Nelson J. Identifying structure-absorption relationships and predicting absorption strength of non-fullerene acceptors for organic photovoltaics. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2022; 15:2958-2973. [PMID: 35923416 PMCID: PMC9277517 DOI: 10.1039/d2ee00887d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are excellent light harvesters, yet the origin of their high optical extinction is not well understood. In this work, we investigate the absorption strength of NFAs by building a database of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations of ∼500 π-conjugated molecules. The calculations are first validated by comparison with experimental measurements in solution and solid state using common fullerene and non-fullerene acceptors. We find that the molar extinction coefficient (ε d,max) shows reasonable agreement between calculation in vacuum and experiment for molecules in solution, highlighting the effectiveness of TDDFT for predicting optical properties of organic π-conjugated molecules. We then perform a statistical analysis based on molecular descriptors to identify which features are important in defining the absorption strength. This allows us to identify structural features that are correlated with high absorption strength in NFAs and could be used to guide molecular design: highly absorbing NFAs should possess a planar, linear, and fully conjugated molecular backbone with highly polarisable heteroatoms. We then exploit a random decision forest algorithm to draw predictions for ε d,max using a computational framework based on extended tight-binding Hamiltonians, which shows reasonable predicting accuracy with lower computational cost than TDDFT. This work provides a general understanding of the relationship between molecular structure and absorption strength in π-conjugated organic molecules, including NFAs, while introducing predictive machine-learning models of low computational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Xabier Rodríguez-Martínez
- Electronic and Photonic Materials (EFM), Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University Linköping SE 581 83 Sweden
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Drew Pearce
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Hana Douglas
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Danai Bili
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Mohammed Azzouzi
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Flurin Eisner
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Alise Virbule
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
| | | | - Valentina Belova
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Bernhard Dörling
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Sheridan Few
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds LS2 9JT Leeds UK
| | - Anna A Szumska
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Xueyan Hou
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Guichuan Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Mariano Campoy-Quiles
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
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4
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Zubair I, Ahmad Kher R, Javaid Akram S, El-Badry YA, Umar Saeed M, Iqbal J. Tuning the optoelectronic properties of indacenodithiophene based derivatives for efficient photovoltaic applications: A DFT approach. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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A Sustainable Synthetic Approach to the Indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene (IDT) Core through Cascade Cyclization–Deprotection Reactions. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJs) are competitive within the emerging photovoltaic technologies for solar energy conversion because of their unique advantages. Their development has been boosted recently by the introduction of nonfullerene electron acceptors (NFAs), to be used in combination with a polymeric electron donor in the active layer composition. Many of the recent advances in NFAs are attributable to the class of fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs), which is now predominant, with one of the most notable examples being formed with a fused five-member-ring indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene (IDT) core. Here, we propose a novel and more sustainable synthesis for the IDT core. Our approach bypasses tin derivatives needed in the Stille condensation, whose byproducts are toxic and difficult to dispose of, and it makes use of cascade reactions, effectively reducing the number of synthetic steps.
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Effect of the Terminal Acceptor Unit on the Performance of Non-Fullerene Indacenodithiophene Acceptors in Organic Solar Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041229. [PMID: 35209019 PMCID: PMC8877381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Four acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A)-type molecules bearing indacenodithiophene as donating central core and various end-capping acceptor units have been designed and synthesised as n-type materials suitable for organic solar cells (OSCs). The studied optical and electrochemical properties supported by theoretical calculations revealed that the nature and the strength of the terminal groups exert a decisive influence on the polymer bulk-heterojunction OSC performance.
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Schweda B, Reinfelds M, Hofstadler P, Trimmel G, Rath T. Recent Progress in the Design of Fused-Ring Non-Fullerene Acceptors-Relations between Molecular Structure and Optical, Electronic, and Photovoltaic Properties. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2021; 4:11899-11981. [PMID: 35856015 PMCID: PMC9286321 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells are on the dawn of the next era. The change of focus toward non-fullerene acceptors has introduced an enormous amount of organic n-type materials and has drastically increased the power conversion efficiencies of organic photovoltaics, now exceeding 18%, a value that was believed to be unreachable some years ago. In this Review, we summarize the recent progress in the design of ladder-type fused-ring non-fullerene acceptors in the years 2018-2020. We thereby concentrate on single layer heterojunction solar cells and omit tandem architectures as well as ternary solar cells. By analyzing more than 700 structures, we highlight the basic design principles and their influence on the optical and electrical structure of the acceptor molecules and review their photovoltaic performance obtained so far. This Review should give an extensive overview of the plenitude of acceptor motifs but will also help to understand which structures and strategies are beneficial for designing materials for highly efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells.
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Kim M, Ryu SU, Park SA, Pu YJ, Park T. Designs and understanding of small molecule-based non-fullerene acceptors for realizing commercially viable organic photovoltaics. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14004-14023. [PMID: 34760184 PMCID: PMC8565376 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03908c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have emerged as a promising next-generation technology with great potential for portable, wearable, and transparent photovoltaic applications. Over the past few decades, remarkable advances have been made in non-fullerene acceptor (NFA)-based OPVs, with their power conversion efficiency exceeding 18%, which is close to the requirements for commercial realization. Novel molecular NFA designs have emerged and evolved in the progress of understanding the physical features of NFA-based OPVs in relation to their high performance, while there is room for further improvement. In this review, the molecular design of representative NFAs is described, and their blend characteristics are assessed via statistical comparisons. Meanwhile, the current understanding of photocurrent generation is reviewed along with the significant physical features observed in high-performance NFA-based OPVs, while the challenging issues and the strategic perspectives for the commercialization of OPV technology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Kim
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Seung Un Ryu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ah Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Pu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Taiho Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673 Republic of Korea
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9
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Matsumoto K, Yamashita K, Sakoda Y, Ezoe H, Tanaka Y, Okazaki T, Ohkita M, Tanaka S, Aoki Y, Kiriya D, Kashimura S, Maekawa M, Kuroda‐Sowa T, Okubo T. Organic Thin‐film Solar Cells Using Benzotrithiophene Derivatives Bearing Acceptor Units as Non‐Fullerene Acceptors. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry School of Science and Engineering Kindai University Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry School of Science and Engineering Kindai University Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Yuuki Sakoda
- Department of Chemistry School of Science and Engineering Kindai University Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Hinata Ezoe
- Department of Chemistry School of Science and Engineering Kindai University Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry School of Science and Engineering Kindai University Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Okazaki
- Department of Chemistry School of Science and Engineering Kindai University Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Misaki Ohkita
- Department of Chemistry School of Science and Engineering Kindai University Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Senku Tanaka
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering Kindai University Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology Kindai University Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Yuki Aoki
- Department of Physics and Electronics Osaka Prefecture University 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku Sakai-shi Osaka 599-8531 Japan
| | - Daisuke Kiriya
- Department of Physics and Electronics Osaka Prefecture University 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku Sakai-shi Osaka 599-8531 Japan
| | - Shigenori Kashimura
- Department of Chemistry School of Science and Engineering Kindai University Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Masahiko Maekawa
- Research Institute for Science and Technology Kindai University Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kuroda‐Sowa
- Department of Chemistry School of Science and Engineering Kindai University Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Takashi Okubo
- Department of Chemistry School of Science and Engineering Kindai University Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology Kindai University Kowakae 3-4-1 Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
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Doat O, Barboza BH, Batagin‐Neto A, Bégué D, Hiorns RC. Review: materials and modelling for organic photovoltaic devices. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Doat
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico‐Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254 Pau France
| | - Bruno H Barboza
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Sciences, POSMAT Bauru Brazil
| | | | - Didier Bégué
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico‐Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254 Pau France
| | - Roger C Hiorns
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico‐Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254 Pau France
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Rodríguez-Martínez X, Pascual-San-José E, Campoy-Quiles M. Accelerating organic solar cell material's discovery: high-throughput screening and big data. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2021; 14:3301-3322. [PMID: 34211582 PMCID: PMC8209551 DOI: 10.1039/d1ee00559f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of novel high-performing materials such as non-fullerene acceptors and low band gap donor polymers underlines the steady increase of record efficiencies in organic solar cells witnessed during the past years. Nowadays, the resulting catalogue of organic photovoltaic materials is becoming unaffordably vast to be evaluated following classical experimentation methodologies: their requirements in terms of human workforce time and resources are prohibitively high, which slows momentum to the evolution of the organic photovoltaic technology. As a result, high-throughput experimental and computational methodologies are fostered to leverage their inherently high exploratory paces and accelerate novel materials discovery. In this review, we present some of the computational (pre)screening approaches performed prior to experimentation to select the most promising molecular candidates from the available materials libraries or, alternatively, generate molecules beyond human intuition. Then, we outline the main high-throuhgput experimental screening and characterization approaches with application in organic solar cells, namely those based on lateral parametric gradients (measuring-intensive) and on automated device prototyping (fabrication-intensive). In both cases, experimental datasets are generated at unbeatable paces, which notably enhance big data readiness. Herein, machine-learning algorithms find a rewarding application niche to retrieve quantitative structure-activity relationships and extract molecular design rationale, which are expected to keep the material's discovery pace up in organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariano Campoy-Quiles
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
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