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Tong B, Ba Y, Li Z, Yang C, Su K, Qi H, Zhang D, Liu X, Wu Y, Chen Y, Ling J, Zhang J, Yin X, Yu P. Targeting dysregulated lipid metabolism for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: Current advancements and future prospects. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 196:106505. [PMID: 38642715 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are two of the most frequent neurological diseases. The clinical features of AD are memory decline and cognitive dysfunction, while PD mainly manifests as motor dysfunction such as limb tremors, muscle rigidity abnormalities, and slow gait. Abnormalities in cholesterol, sphingolipid, and glycerophospholipid metabolism have been demonstrated to directly exacerbate the progression of AD by stimulating Aβ deposition and tau protein tangles. Indirectly, abnormal lipids can increase the burden on brain vasculature, induce insulin resistance, and affect the structure of neuronal cell membranes. Abnormal lipid metabolism leads to PD through inducing accumulation of α-syn, dysfunction of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, and ferroptosis. Great progress has been made in targeting lipid metabolism abnormalities for the treatment of AD and PD in recent years, like metformin, insulin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) agonists, and monoclonal antibodies targeting apolipoprotein E (ApoE). This review comprehensively summarizes the involvement of dysregulated lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of AD and PD, the application of Lipid Monitoring, and emerging lipid regulatory drug targets. A better understanding of the lipidological bases of AD and PD may pave the way for developing effective prevention and treatment methods for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tong
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yaoqi Ba
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhengyang Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Caidi Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Kangtai Su
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Haodong Qi
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China; Center for Clinical Precision Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China; Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China; Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jitao Ling
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China; Center for Clinical Precision Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China.
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Zou X, Wen S, Xu L, Gao L, Wang X, Hu X, Han J, Han S. Signal-sustained imaging of mitophagy with an Enzyme-Activatable Metabolic Lipid-Labeling Probe. Autophagy 2024. [PMID: 38873937 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2367192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Imaging of mitophagy is of significance as aberrant mitophagy is engaged in multiple diseases. Mitophagy has been imaged with synthetic or biotic pH sensors by reporting pH acidification en route delivery into lysosomes. To circumvent uncertainty of acidity-dependent signals, we herein report an enzyme-activatable probe covalently attached on mitochondrial inner membrane (ECAM) for signal-persist mitophagy imaging. ECAM is operated via ΔΨm-driven accumulation of Mito-proGreen in mitochondria and covalent linking of the trapped probe with azidophospholipids metabolically incorporated into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Upon mitophagy, ECAM is delivered into lysosomes and hydrolyzed by LNPEP/leucyl aminopeptidase, yielding turn-on green fluorescence that is immune to lysosomal acidity changes and stably retained in fixed cells. With ECAM, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) was identified as a highly potent inducer of mitophagy. Overcoming signal susceptibility of pH probes and liability of ΔΨm probes to dissipation from stressed mitochondria, ECAM offers an attractive tool to study mitophagy and mitophagy-inducing therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zou
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shixiong Wen
- State key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lichun Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lei Gao
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xunxiang Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shoufa Han
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Academician Workstation of Immune Cell Signal Transduction, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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3
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Liu W, Ma Y, He Y, Liu Y, Guo Z, He J, Han X, Hu Y, Li M, Jiang R, Wang S. Discovery of Novel p53-MDM2 Inhibitor (RG7388)-Conjugated Platinum IV Complexes as Potent Antitumor Agents. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9645-9661. [PMID: 38776419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
While a number of p53-MDM2 inhibitors have progressed into clinical trials for the treatment of cancer, their progression has been hampered by a variety of problems, including acquired drug resistance, dose-dependent toxicity, and limited clinical efficiency. To make more progress, we integrated the advantages of MDM2 inhibitors and platinum drugs to construct novel PtIV-RG7388 (a selective MDM2 inhibitor) complexes. Most complexes, especially 5a and 5b, displayed greatly improved antiproliferative activity against both wild-type and mutated p53 cancer cells. Remarkably, 5a exhibited potent in vivo tumor growth inhibition in the A549 xenograft model (66.5%) without apparent toxicity. It arrested the cell cycle at both the S phase and the G2/M phase and efficiently induced apoptosis via the synergistic effects of RG7388 and cisplatin. Altogether, PtIV-RG7388 complex 5a exhibited excellent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities, highlighting the therapeutic potential of PtIV-RG7388 complexes as antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Youyou He
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Zhongjie Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yujiao Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Muqiong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ru Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Shengzheng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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Zhong Y, Xia S, Wang G, Liu Q, Ma F, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Qian L, Hu L, Xie J. The interplay between mitophagy and mitochondrial ROS in acute lung injury. Mitochondrion 2024:101920. [PMID: 38876297 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria orchestrate the production of new mitochondria and the removal of damaged ones to dynamically maintain mitochondrial homeostasis through constant biogenesis and clearance mechanisms. Mitochondrial quality control particularly relies on mitophagy, defined as selective autophagy with mitochondria-targeting specificity. Most ROS are derived from mitochondria, and the physiological concentration of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) is no longer considered a useless by-product, as it has been proven to participate in immune and autophagy pathway regulation. However, excessive mtROS appears to be a pathogenic factor in several diseases, including acute lung injury (ALI). The interplay between mitophagy and mtROS is complex and closely related to ALI. Here, we review the pathways of mitophagy, the intricate relationship between mitophagy and mtROS, the role of mtROS in the pathogenesis of ALI, and their effects and related progression in ALI induced by different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Siwei Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Gaojian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Qinxue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Fengjie Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yijin Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No.1518 North Huancheng Road, Nanhu District, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Junran Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China.
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He JB, Zhang H, Zheng HX, Jia JX, Zhang YC, Yan XS, Li XX, Wei KW, Mao J, Chen H, Li J, Wang H, Zhang M, Zhao ZY. Effects of schisandrin B on hypoxia-related cognitive function and protein expression in vascular dementia rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:421-427. [PMID: 38551405 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2334247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) a heterogenous group of brain disorders in which cognitive impairment is attributable to vascular risk factors and cerebrovascular disease. A common phenomenon in VD is a dysfunctional cerebral regulatory mechanism associated with insufficient cerebral blood flow, ischemia and hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions oxygen supply to the brain results in neuronal death leading to neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's (AD) and VD. In conditions of hypoxia and low oxygen perfusion, expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) increases under conditions of low oxygen and low perfusion associated with upregulation of expression of hypoxia-upregulated mitochondrial movement regulator (HUMMR), which promotes anterograde mitochondrial transport by binding with trafficking protein kinesin 2 (TRAK2). Schisandrin B (Sch B) an active component derived from Chinese herb Wuweizi prevented β-amyloid protein induced morphological alterations and cell death using a SH-SY5Y neuronal cells considered an AD model. It was thus of interest to determine whether Sch B might also alleviate VD using a rat bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) dementia model. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Sch B in BCAO on cognitive functions such as Morris water maze test and underlying mechanisms involving expression of HIF-1α, TRAK2, and HUMMR levels. The results showed that Sch B improved learning and memory function of rats with VD and exerted a protective effect on the hippocampus by inhibition of protein expression of HIF-1α, TRAK2, and HUMMR factors. Evidence indicates that Sch B may be considered as an alternative in VD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo He
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - He Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hong-Xia Zheng
- Faculty of Foreign Languages, Baotou Teachers' College, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jian-Xin Jia
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yi-Chi Zhang
- Class15, Senior two, Baotou No.9 High School, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Kai-Wen Wei
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jun Mao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, China
- Department of Anesthesia, The Fourth Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - He Wang
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Ming Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, China
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6
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Du ZY, Zhu HL, Chang W, Zhang YF, Ling Q, Wang KW, Zhang J, Zhang QB, Kan XL, Wang QN, Wang H, Zhou Y. Maternal prednisone exposure during pregnancy elevates susceptibility to osteoporosis in female offspring: The role of mitophagy/FNDC5 alteration in skeletal muscle. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133997. [PMID: 38508115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to glucocorticoids has been associated with adverse outcomes in offspring. However, the consequences and mechanisms of gestational exposure to prednisone on susceptibility to osteoporosis in the offspring remain unclear. Here, we found that gestational prednisone exposure enhanced susceptibility to osteoporosis in adult mouse offspring. In a further exploration of myogenic mechanisms, results showed that gestational prednisone exposure down-regulated FNDC5/irisin protein expression and activation of OPTN-dependent mitophagy in skeletal muscle of adult offspring. Additional experiments elucidated that activated mitophagy significantly inhibited the expression of FNDC5/irisin in skeletal muscle cells. Likewise, we observed delayed fetal bone development, downregulated FNDC5/irisin expression, and activated mitophagy in fetal skeletal muscle upon gestational prednisone exposure. In addition, an elevated total m6A level was observed in fetal skeletal muscle after gestational prednisone exposure. Finally, gestational supplementation with S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), an inhibitor of m6A activity, attenuated mitophagy and restored FNDC5/irisin expression in fetal skeletal muscle, which in turn reversed fetal bone development. Overall, these data indicate that gestational prednisone exposure increases m6A modification, activates mitophagy, and decreases FNDC5/irisin expression in skeletal muscle, thus elevating osteoporosis susceptibility in adult offspring. Our results provide a new perspective on the earlier prevention and treatment of fetal-derived osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun-Yu Du
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Hua-Long Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qing Ling
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kai-Wen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Quan-Bing Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiu-Li Kan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qu-Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Deng Z, Chen X, Zhang R, Kong L, Fang Y, Guo J, Shen B, Zhang L. Delta opioid peptide [D-ala2, D-leu5]-Enkephalin's ability to enhance mitophagy via TRPV4 to relieve ischemia/reperfusion injury in brain microvascular endothelial cells. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024:svn-2023-003080. [PMID: 38697767 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2023-003080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local brain tissue can suffer from ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which lead to vascular endothelial damage. The peptide δ opioid receptor (δOR) agonist [D-ala2, D-leu5]-Enkephalin (DADLE) can reduce apoptosis caused by acute I/R injury in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the mechanism by which DADLE enhances the level of mitophagy in BMECs by upregulating the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 4 (TRPV4). METHODS BMECs were extracted and made to undergo oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) accompanied by DADLE. RNA-seq analysis revealed that DADLE induced increased TRPV4 expression. The CCK-8 method was used to assess the cellular viability; quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to determine the mRNA expression of Drp1; western blot was used to determine the expression of TRPV4 and autophagy-related proteins; and calcium imaging was used to detect the calcium influx. Autophagosomes in in the cells' mitochondria were observed by using transmission electron microscopy. ELISA was used to measure ATP content, and a JC-1 fluorescent probe was used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential. RESULTS When compared with the OGD/R group, OGD/R+DADLE group showed significantly enhanced cellular viability; increased expression of TRPV4, Beclin-1, LC3-II/I, PINK1 and Parkin; decreased p62 expression; a marked rise in calcium influx; further increases in mitophagy, an increase in ATP synthesis and an elevation of mitochondrial membrane potential. These protective effects of DADLE can be blocked by a TRPV4 inhibitor HC067047 or RNAi of TRPV4. CONCLUSION DADLE can promote mitophagy in BMECs through TRPV4, improving mitochondrial function and relieving I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfang Deng
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lingchao Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Fang
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jizheng Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bing Shen
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao
| | - Lesha Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Chen X, Meng F, Chen C, Li S, Chou Z, Xu B, Mo JQ, Guo Y, Guan MX. Deafness-associated tRNA Phe mutation impaired mitochondrial and cellular integrity. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107235. [PMID: 38552739 PMCID: PMC11046301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Defects in mitochondrial RNA metabolism have been linked to sensorineural deafness that often occurs as a consequence of damaged or deficient inner ear hair cells. In this report, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying a deafness-associated tRNAPhe 593T > C mutation that changed a highly conserved uracil to cytosine at position 17 of the DHU-loop. The m.593T > C mutation altered tRNAPhe structure and function, including increased melting temperature, resistance to S1 nuclease-mediated digestion, and conformational changes. The aberrant tRNA metabolism impaired mitochondrial translation, which was especially pronounced by decreases in levels of ND1, ND5, CYTB, CO1, and CO3 harboring higher numbers of phenylalanine. These alterations resulted in aberrant assembly, instability, and reduced activities of respiratory chain enzyme complexes I, III, IV, and intact supercomplexes overall. Furthermore, we found that the m.593T > C mutation caused markedly diminished membrane potential, and increased the production of reactive oxygen species in the mutant cell lines carrying the m.593T > C mutation. These mitochondrial dysfunctions led to the mitochondrial dynamic imbalance via increasing fission with abnormal mitochondrial morphology. Excessive fission impaired the process of autophagy including the initiation phase, formation, and maturation of the autophagosome. In particular, the m.593T > C mutation upregulated the PARKIN-dependent mitophagy pathway. These alterations promoted an intrinsic apoptotic process for the removal of damaged cells. Our findings provide critical insights into the pathophysiology of maternally inherited deafness arising from tRNA mutation-induced defects in mitochondrial and cellular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University First Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feilong Meng
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Mitochondrial Biomedicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujuan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University First Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Baicheng Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jun Q Mo
- Department of Pathology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yufen Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Mitochondrial Biomedicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Lab of Genetics and Genomics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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Yang K, Yan Y, Yu A, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Qiu Z, Li Z, Zhang Q, Wu S, Li F. Mitophagy in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:998-1005. [PMID: 37862201 PMCID: PMC10749592 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical cellular energy resources and are central to the life of the neuron. Mitophagy selectively clears damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria through autophagic machinery to maintain mitochondrial quality control and homeostasis. Mature neurons are postmitotic and consume substantial energy, thus require highly efficient mitophagy pathways to turn over damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria. Recent evidence indicates that mitophagy is pivotal to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. However, more work is needed to study mitophagy pathway components as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we briefly discuss the characteristics of nonselective autophagy and selective autophagy, including ERphagy, aggrephagy, and mitophagy. We then introduce the mechanisms of Parkin-dependent and Parkin-independent mitophagy pathways under physiological conditions. Next, we summarize the diverse repertoire of mitochondrial membrane receptors and phospholipids that mediate mitophagy. Importantly, we review the critical role of mitophagy in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Last, we discuss recent studies considering mitophagy as a potential therapeutic target for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Together, our review may provide novel views to better understand the roles of mitophagy in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Yang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioural Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Anni Yu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuefang Zhang
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Qiu
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyi Li
- Neurosurgery Department, Kunming Yenan Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qianlong Zhang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioural Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shihao Wu
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioural Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Li D, Wang M. An LRPPRC-HAPSTR1-PSMD14 interaction regulates tumor progression in ovarian cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:6773-6795. [PMID: 38643468 PMCID: PMC11087107 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the second most common cause of gynecologic cancer death. Chemoresistance and metastasis remain major challenges for current treatment. Previously, HAPSTR1 was shown to be a target gene of a paclitaxel resistance-associated miRNA. However, the biological function and underlying molecular mechanisms of HAPSTR1 in ovarian cancer progression remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to measure HAPSTR1 expression in ovarian cancer specimens and examine its correlations with clinical features and key functional interactions with other genes and proteins. An immunohistochemistry assay showed that HAPSTR1 was overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissues and was significantly associated with the FIGO stage and clinical outcome. HAPSTR1 overexpression promoted proliferation, invasion and migration in cellular and mouse models, whereas inhibition induced the opposite effects. In addition, HAPSTR1 stimulated the EMT pathway and affected the expression of autophagy biomarkers. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that HAPSTR1 is bound to LRPPRC and PSMD14 via immunoprecipitation. HAPSTR1 suppressed LRPPRC ubiquitination and recruited PSMD14 to interact with LRPPRC. Moreover, LRPPRC knockdown reversed HAPSTR1-mediated improvement in cellular proliferation, invasion, and migration. Our study is the first detailed and comprehensive analysis of HAPSTR1 in cancer progression and offers an experimental basis for the clinical treatment of ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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11
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Neha, Mazahir I, Khan SA, Kaushik P, Parvez S. The Interplay of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Dopamine Agonists as an Effective Disease-Modifying Therapy for Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04078-8. [PMID: 38468113 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological ailment with a slower rate of advancement that is more common in older adults. The biggest risk factor for PD is getting older, and those over 60 have an exponentially higher incidence of this condition. The failure of the mitochondrial electron chain, changes in the dynamics of the mitochondria, and abnormalities in calcium and ion homeostasis are all symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) and an energy deficit are linked to these alterations. Levodopa (L-DOPA) is a medication that is typically used to treat most PD patients, but because of its negative effects, additional medications have been created utilizing L-DOPA as the parent molecule. Ergot and non-ergot derivatives make up most PD medications. PD is successfully managed with the use of dopamine agonists (DA). To get around the motor issues produced by L-DOPA, these dopamine derivatives can directly excite DA receptors in the postsynaptic membrane. In the past 10 years, two non-ergoline DA with strong binding properties for the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) and a preference for the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) subtype, ropinirole, and pramipexole (PPx) have been developed for the treatment of PD. This review covers the most recent research on the efficacy and safety of non-ergot drugs like ropinirole and PPx as supplementary therapy to DOPA for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Iqra Mazahir
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sara Akhtar Khan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Pooja Kaushik
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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12
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Zhu Q, Combs ME, Bowles DE, Gross RT, Mendiola Pla M, Mack CP, Taylor JM. GRAF1 Acts as a Downstream Mediator of Parkin to Regulate Mitophagy in Cardiomyocytes. Cells 2024; 13:448. [PMID: 38474413 PMCID: PMC10930636 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes rely on proper mitochondrial homeostasis to maintain contractility and achieve optimal cardiac performance. Mitochondrial homeostasis is controlled by mitochondrial fission, fusion, and mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). Mitophagy plays a particularly important role in promoting the degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria in terminally differentiated cells. However, the precise mechanisms by which this is achieved in cardiomyocytes remain opaque. Our study identifies GRAF1 as an important mediator in PINK1-Parkin pathway-dependent mitophagy. Depletion of GRAF1 (Arhgap26) in cardiomyocytes results in actin remodeling defects, suboptimal mitochondria clustering, and clearance. Mechanistically, GRAF1 promotes Parkin-LC3 complex formation and directs autophagosomes to damaged mitochondria. Herein, we found that these functions are regulated, at least in part, by the direct binding of GRAF1 to phosphoinositides (PI(3)P, PI(4)P, and PI(5)P) on autophagosomes. In addition, PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of Parkin promotes Parkin-GRAF1-LC3 complex formation, and PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of GRAF1 (on S668 and S671) facilitates the clustering and clearance of mitochondria. Herein, we developed new phosphor-specific antibodies to these sites and showed that these post-translational modifications are differentially modified in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, our metabolic studies using serum collected from isoproterenol-treated WT and GRAF1CKO mice revealed defects in mitophagy-dependent cardiomyocyte fuel flexibility that have widespread impacts on systemic metabolism. In summary, our study reveals that GRAF1 co-regulates actin and membrane dynamics to promote cardiomyocyte mitophagy and that dysregulation of GRAF1 post-translational modifications may underlie cardiac disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.Z.); (M.E.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - Matthew E. Combs
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.Z.); (M.E.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (D.E.B.); (R.T.G.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Ryan T. Gross
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (D.E.B.); (R.T.G.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Michelle Mendiola Pla
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (D.E.B.); (R.T.G.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Christopher P. Mack
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.Z.); (M.E.C.); (C.P.M.)
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joan M. Taylor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.Z.); (M.E.C.); (C.P.M.)
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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13
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He Y, Zhu G, Li X, Zhou M, Guan MX. Deficient tRNA posttranscription modification dysregulated the mitochondrial quality controls and apoptosis. iScience 2024; 27:108883. [PMID: 38318358 PMCID: PMC10838789 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles in cellular metabolism and physiology. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are associated with a broad spectrum of clinical abnormalities. However, mechanisms underlying mtDNA mutations regulate intracellular signaling related to the mitochondrial and cellular integrity are less explored. Here, we demonstrated that mt-tRNAMet 4435A>G mutation-induced nucleotide modification deficiency dysregulated the expression of nuclear genes involved in cytosolic proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) and impaired the assemble and integrity of OXPHOS complexes. These dysfunctions caused mitochondrial dynamic imbalance, thereby increasing fission and decreasing fusion. Excessive fission impaired the process of autophagy including initiation phase, formation, and maturation of autophagosome. Strikingly, the m.4435A>G mutation upregulated the PARKIN dependent mitophagy pathways but downregulated the ubiquitination-independent mitophagy. These alterations promoted intrinsic apoptotic process for the removal of damaged cells. Our findings provide new insights into mechanism underlying deficient tRNA posttranscription modification regulated intracellular signaling related to the mitochondrial and cellular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan He
- Center for Mitochondrial Biomedicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Zhejiang University International Institute of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gao Zhu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biomedicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Zhejiang University International Institute of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xincheng Li
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Center for Mitochondrial Biomedicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Zhejiang University International Institute of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Lab of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education of PRC, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Restrepo LJ, Baehrecke EH. Regulation and Functions of Autophagy During Animal Development. J Mol Biol 2024:168473. [PMID: 38311234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is used to degrade cytoplasmic materials, and is critical to maintain cell and organismal health in diverse animals. Here we discuss the regulation, utilization and impact of autophagy on development, including roles in oogenesis, spermatogenesis and embryogenesis in animals. We also describe how autophagy influences postembryonic development in the context of neuronal and cardiac development, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. We describe recent studies of selective autophagy during development, including mitochondria-selective autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-selective autophagy. Studies of developing model systems have also been used to discover novel regulators of autophagy, and we explain how studies of autophagy in these physiologically relevant systems are advancing our understanding of this important catabolic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Restrepo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA.
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15
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Yang EJN, Liao PC, Pon L. Mitochondrial protein and organelle quality control-Lessons from budding yeast. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:72-87. [PMID: 37731280 PMCID: PMC10842221 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for normal cellular function and have emerged as key aging determinants. Indeed, defects in mitochondrial function have been linked to cardiovascular, skeletal muscle and neurodegenerative diseases, premature aging, and age-linked diseases. Here, we describe mechanisms for mitochondrial protein and organelle quality control. These surveillance mechanisms mediate repair or degradation of damaged or mistargeted mitochondrial proteins, segregate mitochondria based on their functional state during asymmetric cell division, and modulate cellular fitness, the response to stress, and lifespan control in yeast and other eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Jie-Ning Yang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Pin-Chao Liao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine & Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013
| | - Liza Pon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
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16
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Han X, Huang S, Zhuang Z, Zhang X, Xie M, Lou N, Hua M, Zhuang X, Yu S, Chen S. Phosphatidate phosphatase Lipin1 involves in diabetic encephalopathy pathogenesis via regulating synaptic mitochondrial dynamics. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102996. [PMID: 38103341 PMCID: PMC10770635 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a common central nervous system complication of diabetes mellitus without effective therapy currently. Recent studies have highlighted synaptic mitochondrial damages as a possible pathological basis for DE, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our previous work has revealed that phosphatidate phosphatase Lipin1, a critical enzyme involved with phospholipid synthesis, is closely related to the pathogenesis of DE. Here, we demonstrate that Lipin1 is significantly down-regulated in rat hippocampus of DE. Knock-down of Lipin1 within hippocampus of normal rats induces dysregulation of homeostasis in synaptic mitochondrial dynamics with an increase of mitochondrial fission and a decrease of fusion, then causes synaptic mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic plasticity deficits as well as cognitive impairments, similar to that observed in response to chronic hyperglycemia exposure. In contrast, an up-regulation of Lipin1 within hippocampus in the DE model ameliorates this cascade of dysfunction. We also find that the effect of Lipin1 that regulating mitochondrial dynamics results from maintaining appropriate phospholipid components in the mitochondrial membrane. In conclusion, alterations in hippocampal Lipin1 contribute to hippocampal synaptic mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive deficits observed in DE. Targeting Lipin1 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for the clinical treatment of DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Han
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Ziyun Zhuang
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Heze Medical College, Heze, 274009, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Nengjun Lou
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Mengyu Hua
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Xianghua Zhuang
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China.
| | - Shuyan Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Shihong Chen
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China.
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17
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Sun Y, Chen Y, Liu Z, Wang J, Bai J, Du R, Long M, Shang Z. Mitophagy-Mediated Tumor Dormancy Protects Cancer Cells from Chemotherapy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:305. [PMID: 38397907 PMCID: PMC10886527 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite obvious tumor shrinkage, relapse after chemotherapy remains a main cause of cancer-related mortality, indicating that a subpopulation of cancer cells acquires chemoresistance and lingers after treatment. However, the mechanism involved in the emergence of chemoresistant cells remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the degradation of mitochondria via autophagy leads to a dormant state in a subpopulation of cancer cells and confers on them resistance to lethal cisplatin (DDP) exposure. The surviving DDP-resistant cells (hereafter, DRCs) have a lower metabolic rate but a stronger potential malignant potential. In the absence of DDP, these DRCs exhibit an ever-increasing self-renewal ability and heightened tumorigenicity. The combination of chloroquine and DDP exerts potent tumor-suppressive effects. In summary, our findings illuminate the mechanism between mitophagy and tumor dormancy and prove that targeting mitophagy might be a promising approach for overcoming chemoresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (J.B.); (R.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (J.B.); (R.D.); (M.L.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhenan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (J.B.); (R.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (J.B.); (R.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Junqiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (J.B.); (R.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Ruixue Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (J.B.); (R.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Mingshu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (J.B.); (R.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Zhengjun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (J.B.); (R.D.); (M.L.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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18
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Zhang J, Chen S, Hu X, Huang L, Loh P, Yuan X, Liu Z, Lian J, Geng L, Chen Z, Guo Y, Chen B. The role of the peripheral system dysfunction in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1337994. [PMID: 38298892 PMCID: PMC10828041 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1337994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a condition that greatly impacts the brain, leading to neurological dysfunction and heightened mortality rates, making it one of the primary organs affected. Injury to the central nervous system can be attributed to dysfunction of various organs throughout the entire body and imbalances within the peripheral immune system. Furthermore, central nervous system injury can create a vicious circle with infection-induced peripheral immune disorders. We collate the pathogenesis of septic encephalopathy, which involves microglial activation, programmed cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neurotransmitter imbalance, and blood-brain barrier disruption. We also spotlight the effects of intestinal flora and its metabolites, enterocyte-derived exosomes, cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, peripheral T cells and their cytokines on septic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangli Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiyou Hu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - PeiYong Loh
- School of International Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinru Yuan
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinyu Lian
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lianqi Geng
- Binhai New Area Hospital of TCM, Fourth Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, China
| | - Zelin Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Binhai New Area Hospital of TCM, Fourth Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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Malaviya P, Kowluru RA. Homocysteine and mitochondrial quality control in diabetic retinopathy. EYE AND VISION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 11:5. [PMID: 38229140 PMCID: PMC10790378 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-023-00362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is a progressive disease, and one of the key metabolic abnormalities in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, mitochondrial damage, is also influenced by the duration of hyperglycemia. Mitochondrial quality control involves a coordination of mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis and removal of the damaged mitochondria. In diabetes, these processes are impaired, and the damaged mitochondria continue to produce free radicals. Diabetic patients also have high homocysteine and reduced levels of hydrogen sulfide, and hyperhomocysteinemia is shown to exacerbate diabetes-induced mitochondrial damage and worsen their dynamics. This study aims to investigate the temporal relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and retinal mitochondrial quality control in diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Human retinal endothelial cells incubated in 20 mM D-glucose for 24 to 96 h, in the absence or presence of 100 µM homocysteine, with/without a hydrogen sulfide donor GYY4137, were analyzed for mitochondrial ROS (MitoSox fluorescence), DNA damage (transcripts of mtDNA-encoded ND6 and CytB), copy numbers, oxygen consumption rate (Seahorse XF analyzer) and mitophagy (mitophagosomes immunofluorescence labeling and flow cytometry). Results were confirmed in the retina from mice genetically manipulated for hyperhomocysteinemia (cystathionine β-synthase deficient mice, Cbs+/-), streptozotocin-induced diabetic for 8 to 24 weeks. At 24 weeks of diabetes, vascular health was evaluated by counting acellular capillaries in the trypsin digested retinal vasculature and by fluorescein angiography. RESULTS Homocysteine, in high glucose medium, exacerbated mitochondrial ROS production, mtDNA damage and impaired mitochondrial respiration within 24 h, and slowed down/worsened mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, as compared to 48 to 96 h in high glucose alone. GYY4137 supplementation ameliorated homocysteine + high glucose-induced mitochondrial damage and impairment in biogenesis and mitophagy. Similar results were obtained from Cbs+/- mice-mitochondrial ROS, mtDNA damage and decline in biogenesis and mitophagy were observed within eight weeks of diabetes vs. 16 to 24 weeks of diabetes in Cbs+/+ mice, and at 24 weeks of diabetes, Cbs+/- mice had significantly higher acellular capillaries and vascular leakage. CONCLUSIONS Hyperhomocysteinemia, in a hyperglycemic environment, overwhelms the mitochondria, accelerating and exacerbating their dysfunction, and also delays/worsens their removal, augmenting the development of diabetic retinopathy. Thus, our results strengthen the importance of maintaining homocysteine-hydrogen sulfide balance during the early stages of diabetes for a patient to prevent/retard vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Malaviya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual Sciences and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, 4717 St. Antoine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Renu A Kowluru
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual Sciences and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, 4717 St. Antoine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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20
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Li Y, Berliocchi L, Li Z, Rasmussen LJ. Interactions between mitochondrial dysfunction and other hallmarks of aging: Paving a path toward interventions that promote healthy old age. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e13942. [PMID: 37497653 PMCID: PMC10776122 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research on human aging has largely been guided by the milestone paper "hallmarks of aging," which were first proposed in the seminal 2013 paper by Lopez-Otin et al. Most studies have focused on one aging hallmark at a time, asking whether the underlying molecular perturbations are sufficient to drive the aging process and its associated phenotypes. More recently, researchers have begun to investigate whether aging phenotypes are driven by concurrent perturbations in molecular pathways linked to not one but to multiple hallmarks of aging and whether they present different patterns in organs and systems over time. Indeed, preliminary results suggest that more complex interactions between aging hallmarks must be considered and addressed, if we are to develop interventions that successfully promote healthy aging and/or delay aging-associated dysfunction and diseases. Here, we summarize some of the latest work and views on the interplay between hallmarks of aging, with a specific focus on mitochondrial dysfunction. Indeed, this represents a significant example of the complex crosstalk between hallmarks of aging and of the effects that an intervention targeted to a specific hallmark may have on the others. A better knowledge of these interconnections, of their cause-effect relationships, of their spatial and temporal sequence, will be very beneficial for the whole aging research field and for the identification of effective interventions in promoting healthy old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy AgingUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Laura Berliocchi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy AgingUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity Magna Græcia of CatanzaroCatanzaroItaly
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy AgingUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy AgingUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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21
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Sun L, Hong X, Wang D, Li Y. Overexpression of SESN1 improves mitochondrial damage and mitophagy, a potential therapeutic strategy for cognitive dysfunction after anaesthesia. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:208-219. [PMID: 38105520 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a prevalent central nervous system complication predominantly observed in elderly patients. Sevoflurane, a general anaesthetic agent, has been implicated in the development of POCD, yet the underlying regulatory mechanisms potentially involving Sestrin1 (SESN1), a stress-responsive protein that plays a critical role in cellular homeostasis and protection against stress-induced damage, including oxidative stress and DNA damage, remain elusive. This study endeavoured to elucidate the impact of SESN1 on sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in rats. Employing a model in which SESN1 was transfected into SD male rats and cognitive dysfunction was induced by sevoflurane. The Morris Water Maze test was used for behavioural evaluation, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western blotting and immunofluorescence were applied to assess the influence of SESN1 on the inflammatory response and mitophagy in the rat hippocampus. The study further aimed to uncover the putative mechanism by which SESN1, through SIRT1, might modulate cognitive function. Concurrently, levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and mitochondrially produced ATP within the rat hippocampus were quantified. Experimental outcomes suggested that SESN1 overexpression significantly mitigated the deleterious effects of sevoflurane anaesthesia, ameliorated neuroinflammation and inflammasome activation, modified mitochondrial function and facilitated mitophagy. Additionally, SESN1, via the activation of SIRT1, may suppress inflammasome activation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, these findings underscore SESN1's integral role in counteracting sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment, impeding inflammasome activation, enhancing mitochondrial function and fostering mitophagy, which appear to be intricately linked to SESN1-mediated SIRT1 activation. SESN1 is a novel therapeutic target for POCD, potentially advancing neuroprotective strategies in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoya Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daliang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
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22
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Soundararajan L, Warrier S, Dharmarajan A, Bhaskaran N. Predominant factors influencing reactive oxygen species in cancer stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:3-21. [PMID: 37997702 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its related signaling pathways and regulating molecules play a major role in the growth and development of cancer stem cells. The concept of ROS and cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been gaining much attention since the past decade and the evidence show that these CSCs possess robust self-renewal and tumorigenic potential and are resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy and believed to be responsible for tumor progression, metastasis, and recurrence. It seems reasonable to say that cancer can be cured only if the CSCs are eradicated. ROS are Janus-faced molecules that can regulate cellular physiology as well as induce cytotoxicity, depending on the magnitude, duration, and site of generation. Unlike normal cancer cells, CSCs expel ROS efficiently by upregulating ROS scavengers. This unique redox regulation in CSCs protects them from ROS-mediated cell death and nullifies the effect of radiation, leading to chemoresistance and radioresistance. However, how these CSCs control ROS production by scavenging free radicals and how they maintain low levels of ROS is a challenging to understand and these attributes make CSCs as prime therapeutic targets. Here, we summarize the mechanisms of redox regulation in CSCs, with a focus on therapy resistance, its various pathways and microRNAs regulation, and the potential therapeutic implications of manipulating the ROS levels to eradicate CSCs. A better understanding of these molecules, their interactions in the CSCs may help us to adopt proper control and treatment measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loshini Soundararajan
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd., Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nādu, India
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nādu, India
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology laboratory, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Natarajan Bhaskaran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nādu, India
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Li X, Yan Z, Ma J, Li G, Liu X, Peng Z, Zhang Y, Huang S, Luo J, Guo X. TRIM28 promotes porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by mitophagy-mediated inhibition of the JAK-STAT1 pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127722. [PMID: 37907173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection causes immunosuppression and clinical symptoms such as vomiting, watery diarrhea, dehydration, and even death in piglets. TRIM28, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is involved in the regulation of autophagy. However, the role of TRIM28 in PEDV infection is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether TRIM28 acts as a host factor for PEDV immune escape. We found that depletion of TRIM28 inhibited PEDV replication, whereas overexpression of TRIM28 promoted the viral replication in host cells. Furthermore, knockdown of TRIM28 reversed PEDV-induced downregulation of the JAK/STAT1 pathway. Treatment with the mitophagic activator carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) attenuated the activating effect of TRIM28 depletion on the expression of the STAT1 pathway-related proteins. Treatment with CCCP also reduced the nuclear translocation of pSTAT1. Moreover, TRIM28, via its RING domain, interacted with PEDV N. Overexpression of TRIM28 induced mitophagy, which could be enhanced by co-expression with PEDV N. The results indicate that PEDV infection upregulates the expression of TRIM28, which induces mitophagy, leading to inhibition of the JAK-STAT1 pathway. This research unveils a new mechanism by which PEDV can hijack host cellular TRIM28 to promote its own replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Zhibin Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Jiaojie Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Gen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhuoen Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China.
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24
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Shin S, Kim J, Lee JY, Kim J, Oh CM. Mitochondrial Quality Control: Its Role in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). J Obes Metab Syndr 2023; 32:289-302. [PMID: 38049180 PMCID: PMC10786205 DOI: 10.7570/jomes23054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is characterized by hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunction and is often associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Recent research indicates a rapid escalation in MASLD cases, with projections suggesting a doubling in the United States by 2030. This review focuses on the central role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of MASLD and explores potential therapeutic interventions. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that orchestrate hepatic energy production and metabolism and are critically involved in MASLD. Dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to lipid accumulation, inflammation, and liver fibrosis. Genetic associations further underscore the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and MASLD susceptibility. Although U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for MASLD remain elusive, ongoing clinical trials have highlighted promising strategies that target mitochondrial dysfunction, including vitamin E, metformin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. In preclinical studies, novel therapeutics, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ precursors, urolithin A, spermidine, and mitoquinone, have shown beneficial effects, such as improving mitochondrial quality control, reducing oxidative stress, and ameliorating hepatic steatosis and inflammation. In conclusion, mitochondrial dysfunction is central to MASLD pathogenesis. The innovative mitochondria-targeted approaches discussed in this review offer a promising avenue for reducing the burden of MASLD and improving global quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chang-Myung Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
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25
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Lira Chavez FM, Gartzke LP, van Beuningen FE, Wink SE, Henning RH, Krenning G, Bouma HR. Restoring the infected powerhouse: Mitochondrial quality control in sepsis. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102968. [PMID: 38039825 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to an infection, characterized by organ failure. The pathophysiology is complex and incompletely understood, but mitochondria appear to play a key role in the cascade of events that culminate in multiple organ failure and potentially death. In shaping immune responses, mitochondria fulfil dual roles: they not only supply energy and metabolic intermediates crucial for immune cell activation and function but also influence inflammatory and cell death pathways. Importantly, mitochondrial dysfunction has a dual impact, compromising both immune system efficiency and the metabolic stability of end organs. Dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to the development of a hyperinflammatory state and loss of cellular homeostasis, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Already in early sepsis, signs of mitochondrial dysfunction are apparent and consequently, strategies to optimize mitochondrial function in sepsis should not only prevent the occurrence of mitochondrial dysfunction, but also cover the repair of the sustained mitochondrial damage. Here, we discuss mitochondrial quality control (mtQC) in the pathogenesis of sepsis and exemplify how mtQC could serve as therapeutic target to overcome mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, replacing or repairing dysfunctional mitochondria may contribute to the recovery of organ function in sepsis. Mitochondrial biogenesis is a process that results in the formation of new mitochondria and is critical for maintaining a pool of healthy mitochondria. However, exacerbated biogenesis during early sepsis can result in accumulation of structurally aberrant mitochondria that fail to restore bioenergetics, produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exacerbate the disease course. Conversely, enhancing mitophagy can protect against organ damage by limiting the release of mitochondrial-derived damage-associated molecules (DAMPs). Furthermore, promoting mitophagy may facilitate the growth of healthy mitochondria by blocking the replication of damaged mitochondria and allow for post sepsis organ recovery through enabling mitophagy-coupled biogenesis. The remaining healthy mitochondria may provide an undamaged scaffold to reproduce functional mitochondria. However, the kinetics of mtQC in sepsis, specifically mitophagy, and the optimal timing for intervention remain poorly understood. This review emphasizes the importance of integrating mitophagy induction with mtQC mechanisms to prevent undesired effects associated with solely the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Lira Chavez
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - L P Gartzke
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - F E van Beuningen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S E Wink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R H Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - G Krenning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Sulfateq B.V, Admiraal de Ruyterlaan 5, 9726, GN Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - H R Bouma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
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26
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He Q, Zheng Q, Liu Y, Miao Y, Zhang Y, Xu T, Bai S, Zhao X, Yang X, Xu Z. High-Salt Diet Causes Defective Oocyte Maturation and Embryonic Development to Impair Female Fertility in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300401. [PMID: 37863820 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE High salinity has been reported to induce many human disorders in tissues and organs to interfere with their normal physiological functions. However, it is unknown how salinity affects the development of female germ cells. This study suggests that a high-salt diet (HSD) may weaken oocyte quality to impair female fertility in mice and investigates the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 female mice are fed with a regular diet (Control) or a high-salt diet (HSD). Oocyte maturation, fertilization rate, embryonic development, and female fertility are evaluated. In addition, the spindle organization, actin polymerization, and kinetochore-microtubule attachment of oocytes are examined in both groups. Moreover, single-cell transcriptome data are used to demonstrate how HSD alters the transcript levels of genes. The observations confirm that HSD leads to female subfertility due to the deterioration of oocyte and embryo quality. The mechanism underlying reveals HSD compromises the oocytes' autophagy, apoptosis level, and mitochondrial function. CONCLUSION The work illustrates that a high concentration of salt diet results in oocyte meiotic arrest, fertilization failure, and early developmental defection that embryos undergo to reduce female fertility in mice by perturbing the level of autophagy and apoptosis, mitochondrial function in oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyuan He
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Qiutong Zheng
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
- Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214002, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Yilong Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Shufen Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Pukou District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
- Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214002, China
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27
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Liu S, He Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Huang K, Deng L, Liao B, Zhong Y, Feng J. Targeting gut microbiota in aging-related cardiovascular dysfunction: focus on the mechanisms. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2290331. [PMID: 38073096 PMCID: PMC10730151 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2290331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The global population is aging and age-related cardiovascular disease is increasing. Even after controlling for cardiovascular risk factors, readmission and mortality rates remain high. In recent years, more and more in-depth studies have found that the composition of the gut microbiota and its metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), bile acids (BAs), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), affect the occurrence and development of age-related cardiovascular diseases through a variety of molecular pathways, providing a new target for therapy. In this review, we discuss the relationship between the gut microbiota and age-related cardiovascular diseases, and propose that the gut microbiota could be a new therapeutic target for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufeng He
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaolun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keming Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Zhang E, Wu T, Zhuo Y, Cui J, Sun S, Wu G, Zhang G. Effect of Nrf2 on brain injury induced by hydraulic shock via regulation of mitophagy and apoptosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:13422-13433. [PMID: 38019476 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The specific protective mechanism of mitophagy and Nrf2 in brain injury has not been fully clarified. This study aimed to reveal the effect of Nrf2 on hydraulic shock brain injury in mice, and explore its possible mechanism. Twenty-four Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2-/-) and wild-type mice (WT) of C57BL/6J were randomly divided into two groups: control group (C) and brain injury group (TBI). Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) assay was used for the histomorphological observation. The apoptotic state of brain tissue was detected by TUNEL. Mechanical damage in vitro models of glial cells were prepared. The wild-type (WT) and Nrf2 knockout (KO) mice were constructed to investigate the changes of mitophagy and apoptosis-related indicators by Western blotting. The experimental results showed that 24 h after TBI, the tissue structure was highly porous, the cells were highly edema, the neuronal space increased significantly, the neuron degeneration, and the cell vacuolation was obvious. Meanwhile, the number of apoptotic cells and the apoptosis rate of glial cells increased significantly. After injury, the relative expression of Parkin, Pink, Beclin and LC-3II proteins were significantly decreased in all mice. The protein expressions of Caspase3 and Caspase12 were significantly increased. However, in the TBI group, KO mice were more impaired than WT mice. In conclusion, Nrf2 plays a protective role by promoting mitophagy to inhibit apoptosis in the process of brain injury caused by hydraulic shock in mice, which provides a new idea for the effective treatment of brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwei Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Department of Neurosurgery, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tongmao Wu
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Department of Neurosurgery, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yayu Zhuo
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Department of Neurosurgery, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junling Cui
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Department of Neurosurgery, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Si Sun
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Department of Neurosurgery, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guobiao Wu
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Department of Neurosurgery, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Gengshen Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Department of Neurosurgery, Shijiazhuang, China
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Gülow K, Tümen D, Kunst C. The Important Role of Protein Kinases in the p53 Sestrin Signaling Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5390. [PMID: 38001650 PMCID: PMC10670278 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
p53, a crucial tumor suppressor and transcription factor, plays a central role in the maintenance of genomic stability and the orchestration of cellular responses such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair in the face of various stresses. Sestrins, a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins, serve as pivotal mediators connecting p53 to kinase-regulated anti-stress responses, with Sestrin 2 being the most extensively studied member of this protein family. These responses involve the downregulation of cell proliferation, adaptation to shifts in nutrient availability, enhancement of antioxidant defenses, promotion of autophagy/mitophagy, and the clearing of misfolded proteins. Inhibition of the mTORC1 complex by Sestrins reduces cellular proliferation, while Sestrin-dependent activation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and mTORC2 supports metabolic adaptation. Furthermore, Sestrin-induced AMPK and Unc-51-like protein kinase 1 (ULK1) activation regulates autophagy/mitophagy, facilitating the removal of damaged organelles. Moreover, AMPK and ULK1 are involved in adaptation to changing metabolic conditions. ULK1 stabilizes nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), thereby activating antioxidative defenses. An understanding of the intricate network involving p53, Sestrins, and kinases holds significant potential for targeted therapeutic interventions, particularly in pathologies like cancer, where the regulatory pathways governed by p53 are often disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Gülow
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (D.T.); (C.K.)
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Xiang J, Liu W, Liu S, Wang T, Tang H, Yang J. Deciphering the implications of mitophagy-related signatures in clinical outcomes and microenvironment heterogeneity of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16015-16030. [PMID: 37689589 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of mitophagy in various cancer-associated biological processes is well recognized. Nonetheless, the comprehensive implications of mitophagy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) necessitate further exploration. METHODS Based on the transcriptomic data encompassing 25 mitophagy-related genes (MRGs), we identified the distinct mitophage patterns in 763 ccRCC samples. Subsequently, a mitophage-related predictive signature with machine learning algorithms was constructed, designated as RiskScore, to quantify the individual mitophagy status in ccRCC patients. Employing multispectral immunofluorescence (mIF) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, we detected the effect of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) in the prognosis and immune microenvironment of ccRCC. RESULTS Our analysis initially encompassed a comprehensive assessment of the expression profiling, genomic variations, and interactions among the 25 MRGs in ccRCC. Subsequently, the consensus clustering algorithm was applied to stratify ccRCC patients into three clusters with distinct prognostic outcomes, tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics, and underlying biological pathways. We screened eight pivotal genes (CLIC4, PTPRB, SLC16A12, ENPP5, FLRT3, HRH2, PDK4, and SCD5) to construct a mitophagy-related predictive signature, which showed excellent prognostic value for ccRCC patients. Moreover, patient subgroups divided by the RiskScore showed contrasting expression levels of immune checkpoints (ICPs), abundance of immune cells, and immunotherapy response. Additionally, a nomogram was established with robust predictive power integrating the RiskScore and clinical features. Notably, we observed that PINK1 expression markedly correlated with favorable treatment response and advanced maturation stages of tertiary lymphoid structures, which potentially shed light on enhancing anti-tumor immunity of ccRCC. CONCLUSION Collectively, this study initially developed a signature associated with mitophagy, which demonstrated an excellent ability to predict the clinical prognosis, TME characterization, and responsiveness to targeted therapy and immunotherapy for ccRCC patients. Of particular note is the pivotal role of PINK1 in mediating the treatment response and immune microenvironment for ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xiang
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangrui Liu
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifan Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Haidan Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Department of Surgery, Shangnan Branch of Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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31
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Zhu XX, Wang X, Jiao SY, Liu Y, Shi L, Xu Q, Wang JJ, Chen YE, Zhang Q, Song YT, Wei M, Yu BQ, Fielitz J, Gonzalez FJ, Du J, Qu AJ. Cardiomyocyte peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α prevents septic cardiomyopathy via improving mitochondrial function. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2184-2200. [PMID: 37328648 PMCID: PMC10618178 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically, cardiac dysfunction is a key component of sepsis-induced multi-organ failure. Mitochondria are essential for cardiomyocyte homeostasis, as disruption of mitochondrial dynamics enhances mitophagy and apoptosis. However, therapies targeted to improve mitochondrial function in septic patients have not been explored. Transcriptomic data analysis revealed that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway in the heart was the most significantly decreased in the cecal ligation puncture-treated mouse heart model, and PPARα was the most notably decreased among the three PPAR family members. Male Pparafl/fl (wild-type), cardiomyocyte-specific Ppara-deficient (PparaΔCM), and myeloid-specific Ppara-deficient (PparaΔMac) mice were injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce endotoxic cardiac dysfunction. PPARα signaling was decreased in LPS-treated wild-type mouse hearts. To determine the cell type in which PPARα signaling was suppressed, the cell type-specific Ppara-null mice were examined. Cardiomyocyte- but not myeloid-specific Ppara deficiency resulted in exacerbated LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction. Ppara disruption in cardiomyocytes augmented mitochondrial dysfunction, as revealed by damaged mitochondria, lowered ATP contents, decreased mitochondrial complex activities, and increased DRP1/MFN1 protein levels. RNA sequencing results further showed that cardiomyocyte Ppara deficiency potentiated the impairment of fatty acid metabolism in LPS-treated heart tissue. Disruption of mitochondrial dynamics resulted in increased mitophagy and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in Ppara△CM mice. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction caused an increase of reactive oxygen species, leading to increased IL-6/STAT3/NF-κB signaling. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagosome formation inhibitor) alleviated cardiomyocyte Ppara disruption-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyopathy. Finally, pre-treatment with the PPARα agonist WY14643 lowered mitochondrial dysfunction-induced cardiomyopathy in hearts from LPS-treated mice. Thus, cardiomyocyte but not myeloid PPARα protects against septic cardiomyopathy by improving fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, thus highlighting that cardiomyocyte PPARα may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Shi-Yu Jiao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Core Facility Centre, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yun-Er Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yan-Ting Song
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ming Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Bao-Qi Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jens Fielitz
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jie Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ai-Juan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Srivastava V, Gross E. Mitophagy-promoting agents and their ability to promote healthy-aging. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1811-1846. [PMID: 37650304 PMCID: PMC10657188 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The removal of damaged mitochondrial components through a process called mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) is essential for the proper function of the mitochondrial network. Hence, mitophagy is vital for the health of all aerobic animals, including humans. Unfortunately, mitophagy declines with age. Many age-associated diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are characterized by the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and oxidative damage. Therefore, activating the mitophagy process with small molecules is an emerging strategy for treating multiple aging diseases. Recent studies have identified natural and synthetic compounds that promote mitophagy and lifespan. This article aims to summarize the existing knowledge about these substances. For readers' convenience, the knowledge is presented in a table that indicates the chemical data of each substance and its effect on lifespan. The impact on healthspan and the molecular mechanism is reported if known. The article explores the potential of utilizing a combination of mitophagy-inducing drugs within a therapeutic framework and addresses the associated challenges of this strategy. Finally, we discuss the process that balances mitophagy, i.e. mitochondrial biogenesis. In this process, new mitochondrial components are generated to replace the ones cleared by mitophagy. Furthermore, some mitophagy-inducing substances activate biogenesis (e.g. resveratrol and metformin). Finally, we discuss the possibility of combining mitophagy and biogenesis enhancers for future treatment. In conclusion, this article provides an up-to-date source of information about natural and synthetic substances that activate mitophagy and, hopefully, stimulates new hypotheses and studies that promote healthy human aging worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijigisha Srivastava
- Faculty of Medicine, IMRIC Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12271, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einav Gross
- Faculty of Medicine, IMRIC Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12271, Jerusalem, Israel
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Sadeghi A, Niknam M, Momeni-Moghaddam MA, Shabani M, Aria H, Bastin A, Teimouri M, Meshkani R, Akbari H. Crosstalk between autophagy and insulin resistance: evidence from different tissues. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:456. [PMID: 37876013 PMCID: PMC10599071 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a critical hormone that promotes energy storage in various tissues, as well as anabolic functions. Insulin resistance significantly reduces these responses, resulting in pathological conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The management of insulin resistance requires better knowledge of its pathophysiological mechanisms to prevent secondary complications, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent evidence regarding the etiological mechanisms behind insulin resistance emphasizes the role of energy imbalance and neurohormonal dysregulation, both of which are closely regulated by autophagy. Autophagy is a conserved process that maintains homeostasis in cells. Accordingly, autophagy abnormalities have been linked to a variety of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, T2DM, obesity, and CVDs. Thus, there may be a link between autophagy and insulin resistance. Therefore, the interaction between autophagy and insulin function will be examined in this review, particularly in insulin-responsive tissues, such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asie Sadeghi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Niknam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Aria
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Bastin
- Clinical Research Development Center "The Persian Gulf Martyrs" Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Maryam Teimouri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Akbari
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Xu W, Gao W, Guo Y, Xue F, Di L, Fang S, Fan L, He Y, Zhou Y, Xie X, Pang X. Targeting mitophagy for depression amelioration: a novel therapeutic strategy. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1235241. [PMID: 37869512 PMCID: PMC10587558 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1235241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a global psychiatric condition characterized by persistent low mood and anhedonia, which seriously jeopardizes the physical and mental well-being of affected individuals. While various hypotheses have been proposed to explicate the etiology of depression, the precise pathogenesis and effective treatment of this disorder remain elusive. Mitochondria, as the primary organelles responsible for cellular energy production, possess the ability to meet the essential energy demands of the brain. Research indicated that the accumulation of damaged mitochondria is associated with the onset of depression. Mitophagy, a type of cellular autophagy, specifically targets and removes excess or damaged mitochondria. Emerging evidence demonstrated that mitophagy dysfunction was involved in the progression of depression, and several pharmacological interventions that stimulating mitophagy exerted excellent antidepressant actions. We provided an overview of updated advancements on the regulatory mechanism of mitophagy and the mitophagy abnormality in depressed patients and animals, as well as in cell models of depression. Meanwhile, various therapeutic strategies to restore mitophagy for depression alleviation were also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangjun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Weiping Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yukun Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Feng Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lulu Di
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shaojie Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yangyang He
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Institutes of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of High Value Utilization to Natural Medical Resource in Yellow River Basin, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xinmei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of High Value Utilization to Natural Medical Resource in Yellow River Basin, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaobin Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Institutes of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of High Value Utilization to Natural Medical Resource in Yellow River Basin, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Guo Y, Jiang H, Wang M, Ma Y, Zhang J, Jing L. Metformin alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury aggravated by hyperglycemia via regulating AMPK/ULK1/PINK1/Parkin pathway-mediated mitophagy and apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 384:110723. [PMID: 37741536 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Stroke remains the main leading cause of death and disabilities worldwide, with diabetes mellitus being a significant independent risk factor for it. Metformin, as an efficient hypoglycemic drug in treating type 2 diabetes, has been reported to alleviate the risk of diabetes-related stroke. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of mitophagy and its regulatory pathway in the neuroprotective mechanism of metformin against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury aggravated by hyperglycemia. A hyperglycemic cerebral I/R animal model and a high glucose cultured oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) cell model were used in the experiment. The indexes of brain injury, cell activity, mitochondrial morphology and function, mitophagy, mitochondrial pathway apoptosis and the AMPK pathway were observed. In diabetic rats, metformin treatment decreased cerebral infarction volume and neuronal apoptosis, and improved neurological symptoms following I/R injury. Additionally, metformin induced activation of the AMPK/ULK1/PINK1/Parkin mitophagy pathway to have neuroprotective effects. In vitro, high glucose culture and OGD/R treatment impaired mitochondrial morphology and function, mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced apoptosis. However, metformin activated AMPK/ULK1/PINK1/Parkin mitophagy pathway, normalized mitochondrial injury. This protection was reversed by autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA) and AMPK inhibitor compound C. In conclusion, our present study validates the potential mechanism of metformin in alleviating hyperglycemia aggravated cerebral I/R injury by the activation of AMPK/ULK1/PINK1/Parkin mitophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; Clinical Laboratory Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yanmei Ma
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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Mishra PK, Kaur P. Mitochondrial biomarkers for airborne particulate matter–associated cardiovascular diseases. CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & HEALTH 2023; 35:100494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coesh.2023.100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
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Harrington JS, Ryter SW, Plataki M, Price DR, Choi AMK. Mitochondria in health, disease, and aging. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2349-2422. [PMID: 37021870 PMCID: PMC10393386 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00058.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be their most important function, mitochondria are also integral for the synthesis of metabolic precursors, calcium regulation, the production of reactive oxygen species, immune signaling, and apoptosis. Considering the breadth of their responsibilities, mitochondria are fundamental for cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Appreciating this significance, translational medicine has begun to investigate how mitochondrial dysfunction can represent a harbinger of disease. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of mitochondrial metabolism, cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns, mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways, and how mitochondrial dysfunction at any of these levels is associated with disease pathogenesis. Mitochondria-dependent pathways may thereby represent an attractive therapeutic target for ameliorating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Harrington
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Maria Plataki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - David R Price
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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Rocca C, Soda T, De Francesco EM, Fiorillo M, Moccia F, Viglietto G, Angelone T, Amodio N. Mitochondrial dysfunction at the crossroad of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:635. [PMID: 37726810 PMCID: PMC10507834 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates the existence of a complex pathophysiological relationship between cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Mitochondria are crucial organelles whose optimal activity is determined by quality control systems, which regulate critical cellular events, ranging from intermediary metabolism and calcium signaling to mitochondrial dynamics, cell death and mitophagy. Emerging data indicate that impaired mitochondrial quality control drives myocardial dysfunction occurring in several heart diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion damage and metabolic cardiomyopathies. On the other hand, diverse human cancers also dysregulate mitochondrial quality control to promote their initiation and progression, suggesting that modulating mitochondrial homeostasis may represent a promising therapeutic strategy both in cardiology and oncology. In this review, first we briefly introduce the physiological mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial quality control system, and then summarize the current understanding about the impact of dysregulated mitochondrial functions in cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We also discuss key mitochondrial mechanisms underlying the increased risk of cardiovascular complications secondary to the main current anticancer strategies, highlighting the potential of strategies aimed at alleviating mitochondrial impairment-related cardiac dysfunction and tumorigenesis. It is hoped that this summary can provide novel insights into precision medicine approaches to reduce cardiovascular and cancer morbidities and mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, E and E.S. (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Teresa Soda
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernestina Marianna De Francesco
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, E and E.S. (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, Cosenza, Italy.
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (I.N.R.C.), 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Hunt M, Torres M, Bachar-Wikström E, Wikström JD. Multifaceted roles of mitochondria in wound healing and chronic wound pathogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1252318. [PMID: 37771375 PMCID: PMC10523588 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1252318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles that play a critical role in numerous cellular processes including the regulation of metabolism, cellular stress response, and cell fate. Mitochondria themselves are subject to well-orchestrated regulation in order to maintain organelle and cellular homeostasis. Wound healing is a multifactorial process that involves the stringent regulation of several cell types and cellular processes. In the event of dysregulated wound healing, hard-to-heal chronic wounds form and can place a significant burden on healthcare systems. Importantly, treatment options remain limited owing to the multifactorial nature of chronic wound pathogenesis. One area that has received more attention in recent years is the role of mitochondria in wound healing. With regards to this, current literature has demonstrated an important role for mitochondria in several areas of wound healing and chronic wound pathogenesis including metabolism, apoptosis, and redox signalling. Additionally, the influence of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy has also been investigated. However, few studies have utilised patient tissue when studying mitochondria in wound healing, instead using various animal models. In this review we dissect the current knowledge of the role of mitochondria in wound healing and discuss how future research can potentially aid in the progression of wound healing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hunt
- Dermatology and Venerology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monica Torres
- Dermatology and Venerology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Etty Bachar-Wikström
- Dermatology and Venerology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob D. Wikström
- Dermatology and Venerology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Panda SP, Singh V. The Dysregulated MAD in Mad: A Neuro-theranostic Approach Through the Induction of Autophagic Biomarkers LC3B-II and ATG. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5214-5236. [PMID: 37273153 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The word mad has historically been associated with the psyche, emotions, and abnormal behavior. Dementia is a common symptom among psychiatric disorders or mad (schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder) patients. Autophagy/mitophagy is a protective mechanism used by cells to get rid of dysfunctional cellular organelles or mitochondria. Autophagosome/mitophagosome abundance in autophagy depends on microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B-II) and autophagy-triggering gene (ATG) which functions as an autophagic biomarker for phagophore production and quick mRNA disintegration. Defects in either LC3B-II or the ATG lead to dysregulated mitophagy-and-autophagy-linked dementia (MAD). The impaired MAD is closely associated with schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder. The pathomechanism of psychosis is not entirely known, which is the severe limitation of today's antipsychotic drugs. However, the reviewed circuit identifies new insights that may be especially helpful in targeting biomarkers of dementia. Neuro-theranostics can also be achieved by manufacturing either bioengineered bacterial and mammalian cells or nanocarriers (liposomes, polymers, and nanogels) loaded with both imaging and therapeutic materials. The nanocarriers must cross the BBB and should release both diagnostic agents and therapeutic agents in a controlled manner to prove their effectiveness against psychiatric disorders. In this review, we highlighted the potential of microRNAs (miRs) as neuro-theranostics in the treatment of dementia by targeting autophagic biomarkers LC3B-II and ATG. Focus was also placed on the potential for neuro-theranostic nanocells/nanocarriers to traverse the BBB and induce action against psychiatric disorders. The neuro-theranostic approach can provide targeted treatment for mental disorders by creating theranostic nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Panda
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura, India.
| | - Vikrant Singh
- Research Scholar, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura, India
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Ying Z, Ye N, Ma Q, Chen F, Li N, Zhen X. Targeted to neuronal organelles for CNS drug development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:115025. [PMID: 37516410 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Significant evidences indicate that sub-cellular organelle dynamics is critical for both physiological and pathological events and therefore may be attractive drug targets displaying great therapeutic potential. Although the basic biological mechanism underlying the dynamics of intracellular organelles has been extensively studied, relative drug development is still limited. In the present review, we show that due to the development of technical advanced imaging tools, especially live cell imaging methods, intracellular organelle dynamics (including mitochondrial dynamics and membrane contact sites) can be dissected at the molecular level. Based on these identified molecular targets, we review and discuss the potential of drug development to target organelle dynamics, especially mitochondria dynamics and ER-organelle membrane contact dynamics, in the central nervous system for treating human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ying
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Na Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qilian Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Ningning Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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Stavropoulos D, Grewal MK, Petriti B, Chau KY, Hammond CJ, Garway-Heath DF, Lascaratos G. The Role of Mitophagy in Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration. Cells 2023; 12:1969. [PMID: 37566048 PMCID: PMC10417839 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide a better understanding of the emerging role of mitophagy in glaucomatous neurodegeneration, which is the primary cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Increasing evidence from genetic and other experimental studies suggests that mitophagy-related genes are implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma in various populations. The association between polymorphisms in these genes and increased risk of glaucoma is presented. Reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma, while clinical trials highlight the inadequacy of IOP-lowering therapeutic approaches to prevent sight loss in many glaucoma patients. Mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to increase the susceptibility of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to other risk factors and is implicated in glaucomatous degeneration. Mitophagy holds a vital role in mitochondrial quality control processes, and the current review explores the mitophagy-related pathways which may be linked to glaucoma and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Stavropoulos
- Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK;
- Department of Ophthalmology, 417 Veterans Army Hospital (NIMTS), 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Manjot K. Grewal
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Division of Optometry and Visual Science, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Bledi Petriti
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queens Square Institute of Neurology, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Kai-Yin Chau
- Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queens Square Institute of Neurology, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Christopher J. Hammond
- Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - David F. Garway-Heath
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Gerassimos Lascaratos
- Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK;
- Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Dedert C, Salih L, Xu F. Progranulin Protects against Hyperglycemia-Induced Neuronal Dysfunction through GSK3β Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:1803. [PMID: 37443837 PMCID: PMC10340575 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes affects over 530 million individuals worldwide and contributes to a host of neurological pathologies. Uncontrolled high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) is a major factor in diabetic pathology, and glucose regulation is a common goal for maintenance in patients. We have found that the neuronal growth factor progranulin protects against hyperglycemic stress in neurons, and although its mechanism of action is uncertain, our findings identified Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β) as being potentially involved in its effects. In this study, we treated mouse primary cortical neurons exposed to high-glucose conditions with progranulin and a selective pharmacological inhibitor of GSK3β before assessing neuronal health and function. Whole-cell and mitochondrial viability were both improved by progranulin under high-glucose stress in a GSK3β-dependent manner. This extended to autophagy flux, indicated by the expressions of autophagosome marker Light Chain 3B (LC3B) and lysosome marker Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein 2A (LAMP2A), which were affected by progranulin and showed heterogeneous changes from GSK3β inhibition. Lastly, GSK3β inhibition attenuated downstream calcium signaling and neuronal firing effects due to acute progranulin treatment. These data indicate that GSK3β plays an important role in progranulin's neuroprotective effects under hyperglycemic stress and serves as a jumping-off point to explore progranulin's protective capabilities in other neurodegenerative models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cass Dedert
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA; (C.D.); (L.S.)
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Lyuba Salih
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA; (C.D.); (L.S.)
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Fenglian Xu
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA; (C.D.); (L.S.)
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
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Alula KM, Theiss AL. Autophagy in Crohn's Disease: Converging on Dysfunctional Innate Immunity. Cells 2023; 12:1779. [PMID: 37443813 PMCID: PMC10341259 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease marked by relapsing, transmural intestinal inflammation driven by innate and adaptive immune responses. Autophagy is a multi-step process that plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by degrading intracellular components, such as damaged organelles and invading bacteria. Dysregulation of autophagy in CD is revealed by the identification of several susceptibility genes, including ATG16L1, IRGM, NOD2, LRRK2, ULK1, ATG4, and TCF4, that are involved in autophagy. In this review, the role of altered autophagy in the mucosal innate immune response in the context of CD is discussed, with a specific focus on dendritic cells, macrophages, Paneth cells, and goblet cells. Selective autophagy, such as xenophagy, ERphagy, and mitophagy, that play crucial roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis in these innate immune cells, are discussed. As our understanding of autophagy in CD pathogenesis evolves, the development of autophagy-targeted therapeutics may benefit subsets of patients harboring impaired autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianne L. Theiss
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Cisneros B, García-Aguirre I, De Ita M, Arrieta-Cruz I, Rosas-Vargas H. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome: Cellular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:102837. [PMID: 37390702 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
In humans, aging is characterized by a gradual decline of physical and psychological functions, with the concomitant onset of chronic-degenerative diseases, which ultimately lead to death. The study of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a premature aging disorder that recapitulates several features of natural aging, has provided important insights into deciphering the aging process. The genetic origin of HGPS is a de novo point mutation in the LMNA gene that drives the synthesis of progerin, mutant version of lamin A. Progerin is aberrantly anchored to the nuclear envelope disrupting a plethora of molecular processes; nonetheless, how progerin exerts a cascade of deleterious alterations at the cellular and systemic levels is not fully understood. Over the past decade, the use of different cellular and animal models for HGPS has allowed the identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying HGPS, paving the way towards the development of therapeutic treatments against the disease. In this review, we present an updated overview of the biology of HGPS, including its clinical features, description of key cellular processes affected by progerin (nuclear morphology and function, nucleolar activity, mitochondrial function, protein nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and telomere homeostasis), as well as discussion of the therapeutic strategies under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulmaro Cisneros
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Department, Research and Advanced Studies Center, National Polytechnical Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ian García-Aguirre
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Department, Research and Advanced Studies Center, National Polytechnical Institute, Mexico City, Mexico; Bioengineering Department, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marlon De Ita
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Department, Research and Advanced Studies Center, National Polytechnical Institute, Mexico City, Mexico; Medical Research Unit in Human Genetics, Pediatrics Hospital, 21st Century National Medical Center, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Arrieta-Cruz
- Basic Research Department, Research Direction, National Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Haydeé Rosas-Vargas
- Medical Research Unit in Human Genetics, Pediatrics Hospital, 21st Century National Medical Center, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Endres K, Friedland K. Talk to Me-Interplay between Mitochondria and Microbiota in Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10818. [PMID: 37445995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of mitochondria in eukaryotic host cells as a remnant of former microbial organisms has been widely accepted, as has their fundamental role in several diseases and physiological aging. In recent years, it has become clear that the health, aging, and life span of multicellular hosts are also highly dependent on the still-residing microbiota, e.g., those within the intestinal system. Due to the common evolutionary origin of mitochondria and these microbial commensals, it is intriguing to investigate if there might be a crosstalk based on preserved common properties. In the light of rising knowledge on the gut-brain axis, such crosstalk might severely affect brain homeostasis in aging, as neuronal tissue has a high energy demand and low tolerance for according functional decline. In this review, we summarize what is known about the impact of both mitochondria and the microbiome on the host's aging process and what is known about the aging of both entities. For a long time, bacteria were assumed to be immortal; however, recent evidence indicates their aging and similar observations have been made for mitochondria. Finally, we present pathways by which mitochondria are affected by microbiota and give information about therapeutic anti-aging approaches that are based on current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Alka K, Kumar J, Kowluru RA. Impaired mitochondrial dynamics and removal of the damaged mitochondria in diabetic retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1160155. [PMID: 37415667 PMCID: PMC10320727 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1160155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mitochondrial dynamic plays a major role in their quality control, and the damaged mitochondrial components are removed by autophagy. In diabetic retinopathy, mitochondrial fusion enzyme, mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), is downregulated and mitochondrial dynamic is disturbed resulting in depolarized and dysfunctional mitochondria. Our aim was to investigate the mechanism of inhibition of Mfn2, and its role in the removal of the damaged mitochondria, in diabetic retinopathy. Methods Using human retinal endothelial cells, effect of high glucose (20mM) on the GTPase activity of Mfn2 and its acetylation were determined. Role of Mfn2 in the removal of the damaged mitochondria was confirmed by regulating its acetylation, or by Mfn2 overexpression, on autophagosomes- autolysosomes formation and the mitophagy flux. Results High glucose inhibited GTPase activity and increased acetylation of Mfn2. Inhibition of acetylation, or Mfn2 overexpression, attenuated decrease in GTPase activity and mitochondrial fragmentation, and increased the removal of the damaged mitochondria. Similar phenomenon was observed in diabetic mice; overexpression of sirtuin 1 (a deacetylase) ameliorated diabetes-induced inhibition of retinal Mfn2 and facilitated the removal of the damaged mitochondria. Conclusions Acetylation of Mfn2 has dual roles in mitochondrial homeostasis in diabetic retinopathy, it inhibits GTPase activity of Mfn2 and increases mitochondrial fragmentation, and also impairs removal of the damaged mitochondria. Thus, protecting Mfn2 activity should maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and inhibit the development/progression of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renu A. Kowluru
- Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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Galasso L, Cappella A, Mulè A, Castelli L, Ciorciari A, Stacchiotti A, Montaruli A. Polyamines and Physical Activity in Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Potential Therapeutic Challenge. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9798. [PMID: 37372945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy dysregulation is commonplace in the pathogenesis of several invalidating diseases, such as musculoskeletal diseases. Polyamines, as spermidine and spermine, are small aliphatic cations essential for cell growth and differentiation, with multiple antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Remarkably, they are emerging as natural autophagy regulators with strong anti-aging effects. Polyamine levels were significantly altered in the skeletal muscles of aged animals. Therefore, supplementation of spermine and spermidine may be important to prevent or treat muscle atrophy. Recent in vitro and in vivo experimental studies indicate that spermidine reverses dysfunctional autophagy and stimulates mitophagy in muscles and heart, preventing senescence. Physical exercise, as polyamines, regulates skeletal muscle mass inducing proper autophagy and mitophagy. This narrative review focuses on the latest evidence regarding the efficacy of polyamines and exercise as autophagy inducers, alone or coupled, in alleviating sarcopenia and aging-dependent musculoskeletal diseases. A comprehensive description of overall autophagic steps in muscle, polyamine metabolic pathways, and effects of the role of autophagy inducers played by both polyamines and exercise has been presented. Although literature shows few data in regard to this controversial topic, interesting effects on muscle atrophy in murine models have emerged when the two "autophagy-inducers" were combined. We hope these findings, with caution, can encourage researchers to continue investigating in this direction. In particular, if these novel insights could be confirmed in further in vivo and clinical studies, and the two synergic treatments could be optimized in terms of dose and duration, then polyamine supplementation and physical exercise might have a clinical potential in sarcopenia, and more importantly, implications for a healthy lifestyle in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Galasso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cappella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- U.O. Laboratorio di Morfologia Umana Applicata, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Mulè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciorciari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stacchiotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- U.O. Laboratorio di Morfologia Umana Applicata, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Montaruli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Sun R, Zhou X, Wang T, Liu Y, Wei L, Qiu Z, Qiu C, Jiang J. Novel insights into tumorigenesis and prognosis of endometrial cancer through systematic investigation and validation on mitophagy-related signature. Hum Cell 2023:10.1007/s13577-023-00920-8. [PMID: 37266867 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In-depth studies on the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer (EC) are critical because of the increasing global incidence of EC. Mitophagy, a mitochondrial quality control process, plays an important role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. This study aimed to develop a novel mitophagy-based signature to predict the tumorigenesis and prognosis of EC. Data was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases, and 29 mitophagy-related genes were downloaded from the Pathway Unification Database. EC patients were classified into two risk groups based on the two-key- gene signature, TOMM40 and MFN1, which were constructed using Cox regression analysis. A better prognosis was noted in the low-risk group. The model was validated for four aspects: clinical features, mutation status, clinical therapeutic response, and immune cell infiltration status. Moreover, according to the contribution to the risk model, TOMM40 was selected for further in vitro experiments. The silencing of TOMM40 inhibited mitochondrial degradation; suppressed cell proliferation; induced cell apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest; inhibited migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition; and suppressed cell stemness. In conclusion, the mitophagy-related risk score provides a novel perspective for survival and drug selection during the individual treatment of EC patients. TOMM40 serves as an oncogene in EC and promotes tumor progression via a mitophagy-related pathway. Thus, TOMM40 is a potential therapeutic target in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lina Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ziyi Qiu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chunping Qiu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Ye Y, Ren K, Dong Y, Yang L, Zhang D, Yuan Z, Ma N, Song Y, Huang X, Qiao H. Mitochondria-Targeting Pyroptosis Amplifier of Lonidamine-Modified Black Phosphorus Nanosheets for Glioblastoma Treatments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37220137 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is accompanied by immunogenic mediators' release and serves as an innovative strategy to reprogram tumor microenvironments. However, damaged mitochondria, the origin of pyroptosis, are frequently eliminated by mitophagy, which will severely impair pyroptosis-elicited immune activation. Herein, black phosphorus nanosheets (BP) are employed as a pyroptosis inducer delivery and mitophagy flux blocking system since the degradation of BP could impair lysosomal function by altering the pH within lysosomes. The pyroptosis inducer of lonidamine (LND) was precoupled with the mitochondrial target moiety of triphenylphosphonium to facilitate the occurrence of pyroptosis. The mitochondria-targeting LND-modified BP (BPTLD) were further encapsulated into the macrophage membrane to endow the BPTLD with blood-brain barrier penetration and tumor-targeting capability. The antitumor activities of membrane-encapsulated BPTLD (M@BPTLD) were investigated using a murine orthotopic glioblastoma model. The results demonstrated that the engineered nanosystem of M@BPTLD could target the mitochondria, and induce as well as reinforce pyroptosis via mitophagy flux blocking, thereby boosting the release of immune-activated factors to promote the maturation of dendritic cells. Furthermore, upon near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, M@BPTLD induced stronger mitochondrial oxidative stress, which further advanced robust immunogenic pyroptosis in glioblastoma cells. Thus, this study utilized the autophagy flux inhibition and phototherapy performance of BP to amplify LND-mediated pyroptosis, which might greatly contribute to the development of pyroptosis nanomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqing Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ke Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine/Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yuqin Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dexin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ziyang Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ningyi Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haishi Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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