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Wu X, Yang SA, Kan Y, Li M, Dong J, Qiu T, Gu Y, Zhao Y, Liang D. Revealing Metabolic Dysregulation Induced by Polypropylene Nano- and Microplastics in Nile Tilapia via Noninvasive Probing Epidermal Mucus. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9416-9423. [PMID: 38809415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A noninvasive sampling technology was conceived, employing a disposable acupuncture needle in conjunction with high-resolution mass spectrometry (termed as noninvasive direct sampling extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, NIDS-EESI-MS) to scrutinize the epidermal mucus of Nile tilapia for insights into the metabolic dysregulation induced by polypropylene nano- and microplastics. This analytical method initiates with the dispensing of an extraction solvent onto the needles coated with the mucus sample, almost simultaneously applying a high voltage to generate analyte ions. This innovative strategy obliterates the necessitation for laborious sample preparation, thereby simplifying the sampling process. Employing this technique facilitated the delineation of a plethora of metabolites, encompassing, but not confined to, amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates, ketones, fatty acids, and their derivatives. Follow-up pathway enrichment analysis exposed notable alterations within key metabolic pathways, including the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, lysine degradation, as well as the biosynthesis and metabolism of valine, leucine, and isoleucine pathways in Nile tilapia, consequent to increased concentrations of polypropylene nanoplastics. These metabolic alterations portend potential implications such as immune suppression, among other deleterious outcomes. This trailblazing application of this methodology not only spares aquatic life from sacrifice but also inaugurates an ethical paradigm for conducting longitudinal studies on the same organisms, facilitating detailed investigations into the long-term effects of environmental pollutants. This technique enhances the ability to observe and understand the subtle yet significant impacts of such contaminants over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Sheng-Ao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Ying Kan
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Tao Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yuanxin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Dapeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
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Tang N, Liu Y, Yang S, Zhong M, Cui D, Chai O, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Hou Z, Sun H. Correlation between newborn weight and serum BCAAs in pregnant women with diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:38. [PMID: 38839749 PMCID: PMC11153640 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine, isoleucine, and valine, are essential amino acids for mammals. Maternal BCAAs during pregnancy have been associated with newborn development. Meanwhile, BCAAs have been tightly linked with insulin resistance and diabetes in recent years. Diabetes in pregnancy is a common metabolic disorder. The current study aims to assess the circulating BCAA levels in pregnant women with diabetes and their relationship with neonatal development. METHODS The serum concentrations of BCAAs and their corresponding branched-chain α-keto acids (BCKAs) catabolites in 33 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance, 16 pregnant women with type 2 diabetes before pregnancy (PDGM), and 15 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were determined using a liquid chromatography system coupled to a mass spectrometer. The data were tested for normal distribution and homogeneity of variance before statistical analysis. Correlations were computed with the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS The maternal serum BCAAs and BCKAs levels during late pregnancy were higher in women with PGDM than those in healthy women. Meanwhile, the circulating BCAAs and BCKAs showed no significant changes in women with GDM compared with those in healthy pregnant women. Furthermore, the circulating BCAA and BCKA levels in women with PGDM were positively correlated with the weight of the newborn. The circulating leucine level in women with GDM was positively correlated with the weight of the newborn. BCAA and BCKA levels in healthy pregnant women showed no correlation with newborn weight. CONCLUSIONS The serum BCAAs in pregnant women with diabetes, which was elevated in PGDM but not GDM, were positively correlated with newborn weight. These findings highlight potential approaches for early identification of high-risk individuals and interventions to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yajin Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Sa Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Mengyu Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Dongqing Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Ou Chai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yurong Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yunwei Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Zhimin Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China.
| | - Haipeng Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China.
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Zhang F, Shi C, He Q, Zhu L, Zhao J, Yao W, Loor JJ, Luo J. Integrated analysis of genomics and transcriptomics revealed the genetic basis for goaty flavor formation in goat milk. Genomics 2024; 116:110873. [PMID: 38823464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Goat milk exhibits a robust and distinctive "goaty" flavor. However, the underlying genetic basis of goaty flavor remains elusive and requires further elucidation at the genomic level. Through comparative genomics analysis, we identified divergent signatures of certain proteins in goat, sheep, and cow. MMUT has undergone a goat-specific mutation in the B12 binding domain. We observed the goat FASN exhibits nonsynonymous mutations in the acyltransferase domain. Structural variations in these key proteins may enhance the capacity for synthesizing goaty flavor compounds in goat. Integrated omics analysis revealed the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids contributed to the goat milk flavor. Furthermore, we uncovered a regulatory mechanism in which the transcription factor ZNF281 suppresses the expression of the ECHDC1 gene may play a pivotal role in the accumulation of flavor substances in goat milk. These findings provide insights into the genetic basis underlying the formation of goaty flavor in goat milk. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) play a crucial role in generating the distinctive "goaty" flavor of goat milk. Whether there is an underlying genetic basis associated with goaty flavor is unknown. To begin deciphering mechanisms of goat milk flavor development, we collected transcriptomic data from mammary tissue of goat, sheep, cow, and buffalo at peak lactation for cross-species transcriptome analysis and downloaded nine publicly available genomes for comparative genomic analysis. Our data indicate that the catabolic pathway of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) is under positive selection in the goat genome, and most genes involved in this pathway exhibit significantly higher expression levels in goat mammary tissue compared to other species, which contributes to the development of flavor in goat milk. Furthermore, we have elucidated the regulatory mechanism by which the transcription factor ZNF281 suppresses ECHDC1 gene expression, thereby exerting an important influence on the accumulation of flavor compounds in goat milk. These findings provide insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying flavor formation in goat milk and suggest further research to manipulate the flavor of animal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Chenbo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Qiuya He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Weiwei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Jun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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Hwang RD, Lu Y, Tang Q, Periz G, Park G, Li X, Xiang Q, Liu Y, Zhang T, Wang J. DBT is a metabolic switch for maintenance of proteostasis under proteasomal impairment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.12.556394. [PMID: 37745492 PMCID: PMC10515868 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.556394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Proteotoxic stress impairs cellular homeostasis and underlies the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The proteasomal and autophagic degradation of proteins are two major pathways for protein quality control in the cell. Here, we report a genome-wide CRISPR screen uncovering a major regulator of cytotoxicity resulting from the inhibition of the proteasome. Dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase E2 (DBT) was found to be a robust suppressor, the loss of which protects against proteasome inhibition-associated cell death through promoting clearance of ubiquitinated proteins. Loss of DBT altered the metabolic and energetic status of the cell and resulted in activation of autophagy in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent mechanism in the presence of proteasomal inhibition. Loss of DBT protected against proteotoxicity induced by ALS-linked mutant TDP-43 in Drosophila and mammalian neurons. DBT is upregulated in the tissues from ALS patients. These results demonstrate that DBT is a master switch in the metabolic control of protein quality control with implications in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Singh E, Chi Y, Kopesky J, Zimmerman M, Urrutia R, Basel D, Schwoerer JS. Computational structural genomics and clinical evidence suggest BCKDK gain-of-function may cause a potentially asymptomatic maple syrup urine disease phenotype. JIMD Rep 2024; 65:144-155. [PMID: 38736638 PMCID: PMC11078707 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a disorder of branched-chain amino acid metabolism caused by a defect in the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) complex (OMIM #248600). The hallmark presentation is encephalopathic crisis in neonates, but can also present with metabolic decompensation, developmental delays, and feeding difficulties. Biochemical evidence for MSUD includes elevated branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and the pathognomonic presence of alloisoleucine. The BCKD complex contains several subunits associated with autosomal recessive MSUD, while its regulatory proteins have less well-defined disease associations. We report on two families with the same BCKDK variant (c.1115C>G (p.Thr372Arg)). Probands were detected on newborn screening and demonstrated biochemical evidence of MSUD. The variant was identified in reportedly asymptomatic parents and additional family members who had elevated BCAA and alloisoleucine, following an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. To better define the functional effect of the variant on the kinase, we completed molecular modeling using sequence-based (2D), structural-based (3D), and dynamic-based (4D) analyses. The BCKDK variant modeling indicated a gain-of-function which leads to impaired BCAA catabolism consistent with the biochemical evidence in this cohort. Combining the evidence gained from molecular modeling with the absence of metabolic decompensation in our patients and several adult family members, despite encountering stressors typically problematic in classic MSUD, we suggest that heterozygous gain-of-function variants in BCKDK may represent a novel biochemical phenotype of MSUD with a benign clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Singh
- Division of Genetics, Department of PediatricsMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Young‐In Chi
- Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Jessica Kopesky
- Department of Clinical NutritionChildren's WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Michael Zimmerman
- Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Donald Basel
- Division of Genetics, Department of PediatricsMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Jessica Scott Schwoerer
- Division of Genetics, Department of PediatricsMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
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Fu Y, Wang Z, Qin H. Examining the Pathogenesis of MAFLD and the Medicinal Properties of Natural Products from a Metabolic Perspective. Metabolites 2024; 14:218. [PMID: 38668346 PMCID: PMC11052500 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), characterized primarily by hepatic steatosis, has become the most prevalent liver disease worldwide, affecting approximately two-fifths of the global population. The pathogenesis of MAFLD is extremely complex, and to date, there are no approved therapeutic drugs for clinical use. Considerable evidence indicates that various metabolic disorders play a pivotal role in the progression of MAFLD, including lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, and micronutrients. In recent years, the medicinal properties of natural products have attracted widespread attention, and numerous studies have reported their efficacy in ameliorating metabolic disorders and subsequently alleviating MAFLD. This review aims to summarize the metabolic-associated pathological mechanisms of MAFLD, as well as the natural products that regulate metabolic pathways to alleviate MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.F.); (Z.W.)
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Chen S, Jiao Y, Han Y, Zhang J, Deng Y, Yu Z, Wang J, He S, Cai W, Xu J. Edible traditional Chinese medicines improve type 2 diabetes by modulating gut microbiotal metabolites. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:393-411. [PMID: 38227209 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder with intricate pathogenic mechanisms. Despite the availability of various oral medications for controlling the condition, reports of poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes persist, possibly involving unknown pathogenic mechanisms. In recent years, the gut microbiota have emerged as a highly promising target for T2DM treatment, with the metabolites produced by gut microbiota serving as crucial intermediaries connecting gut microbiota and strongly related to T2DM. Increasingly, traditional Chinese medicine is being considered to target the gut microbiota for T2DM treatment, and many of them are edible. In studies conducted on animal models, edible traditional Chinese medicine have been shown to primarily alter three significant gut microbiotal metabolites: short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and branched-chain amino acids. These metabolites play crucial roles in alleviating T2DM by improving glucose metabolism and reducing inflammation. This review primarily summarizes twelve edible traditional Chinese medicines that improve T2DM by modulating the aforementioned three gut microbiotal metabolites, along with potential underlying molecular mechanisms, and also incorporation of edible traditional Chinese medicines into the diets of T2DM patients and combined use with probiotics for treating T2DM are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yiqiao Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yiyang Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilu Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jixiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Deng Y, Hu M, Huang S, Fu N. Molecular mechanism and therapeutic significance of essential amino acids in metabolically associated fatty liver disease. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 126:109581. [PMID: 38219809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also known as metabolically associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is a systemic metabolic disease characterized by lipid accumulation in the liver, lipid toxicity, insulin resistance, intestinal dysbiosis, and inflammation that can progress from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and even cirrhosis or cancer. It is the most prevalent illness threatening world health. Currently, there are almost no approved drug interventions for MAFLD, mainly dietary changes and exercise to control weight and regulate metabolic disorders. Meanwhile, the metabolic pathway involved in amino acid metabolism also influences the onset and development of MAFLD in the body, and most amino acid metabolism takes place in the liver. Essential amino acids are those amino acids that must be supplemented from outside the diet and that cannot be synthesized in the body or cannot be synthesized at a rate sufficient to meet the body's needs, including leucine, isoleucine, valine (collectively known as branched-chain amino acids), tryptophan, phenylalanine (which are aromatic amino acids), histidine, methionine, threonine and lysine. The metabolic balance of the body is closely linked to these essential amino acids, and essential amino acids are closely linked to the pathophysiological process of MAFLD. In this paper, we will focus on the metabolism of essential amino acids in the body and further explore the therapeutic strategies for MAFLD based on the studies conducted in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Deng
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China
| | - Mengsi Hu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China
| | - Shufang Huang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China.
| | - Nian Fu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China; The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China.
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Huang TQ, Chen YX, Zeng SL, Lin Y, Li F, Jiang ZM, Liu EH. Bergenin Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis By Decreasing Gut Commensal Bacteroides vulgatus-Mediated Elevated Branched-Chain Amino Acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3606-3621. [PMID: 38324392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is closely associated with the dysregulation of gut microbiota. There is growing evidence that natural products may improve ulcerative colitis by regulating the gut microbiota. In this research, we demonstrated that bergenin, a naturally occurring isocoumarin, significantly ameliorates colitis symptoms in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice. Transcriptomic analysis and Caco-2 cell assays revealed that bergenin could ameliorate ulcerative colitis by inhibiting TLR4 and regulating NF-κB and mTOR phosphorylation. 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics analyses revealed that bergenin could improve gut microbiota dysbiosis by decreasing branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels. BCAA intervention mediated the mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway to exacerbate the symptoms of ulcerative colitis in mice. Notably, bergenin greatly decreased the symbiotic bacteria Bacteroides vulgatus (B. vulgatus), and the gavage of B. vulgatus increased BCAA concentrations and aggravated the symptoms of ulcerative colitis in mice. Our findings suggest that gut microbiota-mediated BCAA metabolism plays a vital role in the protective effect of bergenin on ulcerative colitis, providing novel insights for ulcerative colitis prevention through manipulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Qing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu-Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Su-Ling Zeng
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zheng-Meng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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10
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Wang Y, Lou P, Xie Y, Liu S, Li L, Wang C, Du D, Chen Y, Lu Y, Cheng J, Liu J. Nutrient availability regulates the secretion and function of immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles through metabolic rewiring. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj1290. [PMID: 38354238 PMCID: PMC10866539 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV)-based immunotherapeutics have emerged as promising strategy for treating diseases, and thus, a better understanding of the factors that regulate EV secretion and function can provide insights into developing advanced therapies. Here, we report that nutrient availability, even changes in individual nutrient components, may affect EV biogenesis and composition of immune cells [e.g., macrophages (Mφs)]. As a proof of concept, EVs from M1-Mφ under glutamine-depleted conditions (EVGLN-) had higher yields, functional compositions, and immunostimulatory potential than EVs from conventional GLN-present medium (EVGLN+). Mechanistically, the systemic metabolic rewiring (e.g., altered energy and redox metabolism) induced by GLN depletion resulted in up-regulated pathways related to EV biogenesis/cargo sorting (e.g., ESCRT) and immunostimulatory molecule production (e.g., NF-κB and STAT) in Mφs. This study highlights the importance of nutrient status in EV secretion and function, and optimizing metabolic states and/or integrating them with other engineering methods may advance the development of EV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuo Wang
- Department of General Surgery and NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peng Lou
- Department of General Surgery and NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yijing Xie
- Department of General Surgery and NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Department of General Surgery and NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of General Surgery and NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengshi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Du
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Younan Chen
- Department of General Surgery and NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Department of General Surgery and NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Department of General Surgery and NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Department of General Surgery and NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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11
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Kruse CJ, Dieu M, Renaud B, François AC, Stern D, Demazy C, Burteau S, Boemer F, Art T, Renard P, Votion DM. New Pathophysiological Insights from Serum Proteome Profiling in Equine Atypical Myopathy. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6505-6526. [PMID: 38371826 PMCID: PMC10870397 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Equine atypical myopathy (AM) is a severe environmental intoxication linked to the ingestion of protoxins contained in seeds and seedlings of the sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) in Europe. The toxic metabolites cause a frequently fatal rhabdomyolysis syndrome in grazing horses. Since these toxic metabolites can also be present in cograzing horses, it is still unclear as to why, in a similar environmental context, some horses show signs of AM, whereas others remain clinically healthy. Label-free proteomic analyses on the serum of 26 diseased AM, 23 cograzers, and 11 control horses were performed to provide insights into biological processes and pathways. A total of 43 and 44 differentially abundant proteins between "AM vs cograzing horses" and "AM vs control horses" were found. Disease-linked changes in the proteome of different groups were found to correlate with detected amounts of toxins, and principal component analyses were performed to identify the 29 proteins representing a robust AM signature. Among the pathway-specific changes, the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, the coagulation/complement cascade, and the biosynthesis of amino acids were affected. Sycamore maple poisoning results in a combination of inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired lipid metabolism, which is trying to be counteracted by enhanced glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline-J. Kruse
- Department
of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology
and Sport Medicine, Fundamental and Applied
Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium
| | - Marc Dieu
- Namur
Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur 5000, Belgium
- MaSUN,
Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of
Namur (UNamur), Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Benoît Renaud
- Department
of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacology
and Toxicology, Fundamental and Applied
Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium
| | - Anne-Christine François
- Department
of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacology
and Toxicology, Fundamental and Applied
Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium
| | - David Stern
- GIGA
Bioinformatics Platform, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Catherine Demazy
- Namur
Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur 5000, Belgium
- MaSUN,
Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of
Namur (UNamur), Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Sophie Burteau
- Namur
Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur 5000, Belgium
- MaSUN,
Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of
Namur (UNamur), Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - François Boemer
- Biochemical
Genetics Lab, Department of Human Genetics, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Art
- Department
of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology
and Sport Medicine, Fundamental and Applied
Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium
| | - Patricia Renard
- Namur
Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur 5000, Belgium
- MaSUN,
Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of
Namur (UNamur), Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Dominique-M. Votion
- Department
of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacology
and Toxicology, Fundamental and Applied
Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium
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12
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Lai SW, Weng PW, Yadav VK, Pikatan NW, Yeh CT, Hsieh MS, Chou CL. Underlying mechanisms of novel cuproptosis-related dihydrolipoamide branched-chain transacylase E2 (DBT) signature in sunitinib-resistant clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2679-2701. [PMID: 38305803 PMCID: PMC10911363 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the predominant form of malignant kidney cancer. Sunitinib, a primary treatment for advanced, inoperable, recurrent, or metastatic RCC, has shown effectiveness in some patients but is increasingly limited by drug resistance. Recently identified cuproptosis, a copper-ion-dependent form of programmed cell death, holds promise in combating cancer, particularly drug-resistant types. However, its effectiveness in treating drug resistant RCC remains to be determined. Exploring cuproptosis's regulatory mechanisms could enhance RCC treatment strategies. Our analysis of data from the GEO and TCGA databases showed that the cuproptosis-related gene DBT is markedly under expressed in RCC tissues, correlating with worse prognosis and disease progression. In our study, we investigated copper CRGs in ccRCC, noting substantial expression differences, particularly in advanced-stage tumors. We established a connection between CRG expression levels and patient survival, positioning CRGs as potential therapeutic targets for ccRCC. In drug resistant RCC cases, we found distinct expression patterns for DBT and GLS CRGs, linked to treatment resistance. Our experiments demonstrated that increasing DBT expression significantly reduces RCC cell growth and spread, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target. This research sheds new light on the role of CRGs in ccRCC and their impact on drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiue-Wei Lai
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wei Weng
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vijesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Narpati Wesa Pikatan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Continuing Education Program of Food Biotechnology Applications, College of Science and Engineering, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shou Hsieh
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Lin Chou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Medical University-Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin Kuo Min Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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13
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Li X, Zhang HS. Amino acid metabolism, redox balance and epigenetic regulation in cancer. FEBS J 2024; 291:412-429. [PMID: 37129434 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids act as versatile nutrients driving cell growth and survival, especially in cancer cells. Amino acid metabolism comprises numerous metabolic networks and is closely linked with intracellular redox balance and epigenetic regulation. Reprogrammed amino acid metabolism has been recognized as a ubiquitous feature in tumour cells. This review outlines the metabolism of several primary amino acids in cancer cells and highlights the pivotal role of amino acid metabolism in sustaining redox homeostasis and regulating epigenetic modification in response to oxidative and genetic stress in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Zhang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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14
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Jung S, Silva S, Dallal CM, LeBlanc E, Paris K, Shepherd J, Snetselaar LG, Van Horn L, Zhang Y, Dorgan JF. Untargeted serum metabolomic profiles and breast density in young women. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:323-334. [PMID: 37737303 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01793-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Breast density is an established risk factor for breast cancer. However, little is known about metabolic influences on breast density phenotypes. We conducted untargeted serum metabolomics analyses to identify metabolic signatures associated with breast density phenotypes among young women. METHODS In a cross-sectional study of 173 young women aged 25-29 who participated in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children 2006 Follow-up Study, 449 metabolites were measured in fasting serum samples using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariable-adjusted mixed-effects linear regression identified metabolites associated with magnetic resonance imaging measured breast density phenotypes: percent dense breast volume (%DBV), absolute dense breast volume (ADBV), and absolute non-dense breast volume (ANDBV). Metabolite results were corrected for multiple comparisons using a false discovery rate adjusted p-value (q). RESULTS The amino acids valine and leucine were significantly inversely associated with %DBV. For each 1 SD increase in valine and leucine, %DBV decreased by 20.9% (q = 0.02) and 18.4% (q = 0.04), respectively. ANDBV was significantly positively associated with 16 lipid and one amino acid metabolites, whereas no metabolites were associated with ADBV. Metabolite set enrichment analysis also revealed associations of distinct metabolic signatures with %DBV, ADBV, and ANDBV; branched chain amino acids had the strongest inverse association with %DBV (p = 0.002); whereas, diacylglycerols and phospholipids were positively associated with ANDBV (p ≤ 0.002), no significant associations were observed for ADBV. CONCLUSION Our results suggest an inverse association of branched chain amino acids with %DBV. Larger studies in diverse populations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyoun Jung
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sarah Silva
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cher M Dallal
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Erin LeBlanc
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kenneth Paris
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - John Shepherd
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuji Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 660 West Redwood St., Howard Hall, Room 102E, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Joanne F Dorgan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 660 West Redwood St., Howard Hall, Room 102E, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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15
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Garcia BREV, Makiyama EN, Sampaio GR, Soares-Freitas RAM, Bonvini A, Amaral AG, Bordin S, Fock RA, Rogero MM. Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acids on the Inflammatory Response Induced by LPS in Caco-2 Cells. Metabolites 2024; 14:76. [PMID: 38276311 PMCID: PMC10821323 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential for maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity. However, only a few studies have explored the role of BCAA in the modulation of intestinal inflammation. In this study, we investigated in vitro effects of BCAA on the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 µg/mL) in Caco-2 cells. Caco-2 cells were assigned to six groups: control without BCAA (CTL0), normal BCAA (CTL; 0.8 mM leucine, 0.8 mM isoleucine, and 0.8 mM valine); leucine (LEU; 2 mM leucine), isoleucine (ISO; 2 mM isoleucine), valine (VAL; 2 mM valine), and high BCAA (LIV; 2 mM leucine, 2 mM isoleucine, and 2 mM valine). BCAA was added to the culture medium 24 h before LPS stimulation. Our results indicated that BCAA supplementation did not impair cell viability. The amino acids leucine and isoleucine attenuated the synthesis of IL-8 and JNK and NF-kB phosphorylation induced by LPS. Furthermore, neither BCAA supplementation nor LPS treatment modulated the activity of glutathione peroxidase or the intracellular reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. Therefore, leucine and isoleucine exert anti-inflammatory effects in Caco-2 cells exposed to LPS by modulating JNK and NF-kB phosphorylation and IL-8 production. Further in vivo studies are required to validate these findings and gather valuable information for potential therapeutic or dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Ruschel Ewald Vega Garcia
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (B.R.E.V.G.); (G.R.S.); (R.A.M.S.-F.)
| | - Edson Naoto Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (E.N.M.); (R.A.F.)
| | - Geni Rodrigues Sampaio
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (B.R.E.V.G.); (G.R.S.); (R.A.M.S.-F.)
| | | | - Andrea Bonvini
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Andressa Godoy Amaral
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.G.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Silvana Bordin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.G.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (E.N.M.); (R.A.F.)
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (B.R.E.V.G.); (G.R.S.); (R.A.M.S.-F.)
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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16
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Wei J, Duan X, Chen J, Zhang D, Xu J, Zhuang J, Wang S. Metabolic adaptations in pressure overload hypertrophic heart. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:95-111. [PMID: 37768435 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This review article offers a detailed examination of metabolic adaptations in pressure overload hypertrophic hearts, a condition that plays a pivotal role in the progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The paper delves into the complex interplay between various metabolic pathways, including glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, branched-chain amino acid metabolism, and ketone body metabolism. In-depth insights into the shifts in substrate utilization, the role of different transporter proteins, and the potential impact of hypoxia-induced injuries are discussed. Furthermore, potential therapeutic targets and strategies that could minimize myocardial injury and promote cardiac recovery in the context of pressure overload hypertrophy (POH) are examined. This work aims to contribute to a better understanding of metabolic adaptations in POH, highlighting the need for further research on potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wei
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefei Duan
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaying Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dengwen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jindong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Linzhi People's Hospital, Linzhi, Tibet, China.
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17
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Zhang Z, Li X, Guo J, He B, Wu L, Yang R, Li X, Fang D, Yang X, Yang D, Wang F, Tang M, Han Y, Jose PA, Wang H, Zeng C. β-aminoisobutyrics acid, a metabolite of BCAA, activates the AMPK/Nrf-2 pathway to prevent ferroptosis and ameliorates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Med 2023; 29:164. [PMID: 38049750 PMCID: PMC10696792 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious clinical problem without effective treatment. Enhancing branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) metabolism can protect against cardiac I/R injury, which may be related to bioactive molecules generated by BCAA metabolites. L-β-aminoisobutyric acid (L-BAIBA), a metabolite of BCAA, has multi-organ protective effects, but whether it protects against lung I/R injury is unclear. METHODS To assess the protective effect of L-BAIBA against lung I/R injury, an animal model was generated by clamping the hilum of the left lung, followed by releasing the clamp in C57BL/6 mice. Mice with lung I/R injury were pre-treated or post-treated with L-BAIBA (150 mg/kg/day), given by gavage or intraperitoneal injection. Lung injury was assessed by measuring lung edema and analyzing blood gases. Inflammation was assessed by measuring proinflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and neutrophil infiltration of the lung was measured by myeloperoxidase activity. Molecular biological methods, including western blot and immunofluorescence, were used to detect potential signaling mechanisms in A549 and BEAS-2B cells. RESULTS We found that L-BAIBA can protect the lung from I/R injury by inhibiting ferroptosis, which depends on the up-regulation of the expressions of GPX4 and SLC7A11 in C57BL/6 mice. Additionally, we demonstrated that the Nrf-2 signaling pathway is key to the inhibitory effect of L-BAIBA on ferroptosis in A549 and BEAS-2B cells. L-BAIBA can induce the nuclear translocation of Nrf-2. Interfering with the expression of Nrf-2 eliminated the protective effect of L-BAIBA on ferroptosis. A screening of potential signaling pathways revealed that L-BAIBA can increase the phosphorylation of AMPK, and compound C can block the Nrf-2 nuclear translocation induced by L-BAIBA. The presence of compound C also blocked the protective effects of L-BAIBA on lung I/R injury in C57BL/6 mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that L-BAIBA protects against lung I/R injury via the AMPK/Nrf-2 signaling pathway, which could be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Outpatient Department, Hospital of PLA, Hanzhong, Shanxi, 96608, P. R. China
| | - Xingbing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Bo He
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Lianpan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Rongpei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Dandong Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - XiaoLi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Donghai Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Fengxian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hongyong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China.
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China.
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, P. R. China.
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Zhu R, Yuan Y, Qi R, Liang J, Shi Y, Weng H. Quantitative profiling of carboxylic compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for revealing biomarkers of diabetic kidney disease. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1231:123930. [PMID: 38029665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a common microvascular complication of diabetes, currently lacks specific diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets, resulting in miss of early intervention. To profile metabolic conditions in complex and precious biological samples and screen potential biomarkers for DKD diagnosis and prognosis, a rapid, convenient and reliable quantification method for carboxyl compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was established with isobutyl chloroformate derivatization. The derivatives were extracted with hexane, injected into GC-MS and quantified with selected ion monitoring mode. This method showed excellent linearity(R2 > 0.99), good recoveries (81.1%-115.5%), good repeatability (RSD < 20%) and sensitivity (LODs: 0.20-499.90 pg, LOQs: 2.00-1007.00 pg). Among the 37 carboxyl compounds analyzed, 12 metabolites in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolism pathway and amino acid metabolism pathway were linked with DKD development and among them, 6 metabolites were associated with both development and prognosis of DKD in mice. In conclusion, a reliable, convenient and sensitive method based on isobutyl chloroformate derivatization and GC-MS analysis is established and successfully applied to quantify 37 carboxyl compounds in biological samples of mice and 12 potential biomarkers for DKD development and prognosis are screened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rourou Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianying Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute for Clinical Trials of drug, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Hongbo Weng
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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19
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Mangogna A, Di Girolamo FG, Fiotti N, Vinci P, Landolfo M, Mearelli F, Biolo G. High-protein diet with excess leucine prevents inactivity-induced insulin resistance in women. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:2578-2587. [PMID: 37972527 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Muscle inactivity leads to muscle atrophy and insulin resistance. The branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) leucine interacts with the insulin signaling pathway to modulate glucose metabolism. We have tested the ability of a high-protein BCAA-enriched diet to prevent insulin resistance during long-term bed rest (BR). METHODS Stable isotopes were infused to determine glucose and protein kinetics in the postabsorptive state and during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in combination with amino acid infusion (Clamp + AA) before and at the end of 60 days of BR in two groups of healthy, young women receiving eucaloric diets containing 1 g of protein/kg per day (n = 8) or 1.45 g of protein/kg per day enriched with 0.15 g/kg per day of BCAAs (leucine/valine/isoleucine = 2/1/1) (n = 8). Body composition was determined by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry. RESULTS BR decreased lean body mass by 7.6 ± 0.3 % and 7.2 ± 0.8 % in the groups receiving conventional or high protein-BCAA diets, respectively. Fat mass was unchanged in both groups. At the end of BR, percent changes of insulin-mediated glucose uptake significantly (p = 0.01) decreased in the conventional diet group from 155 ± 23 % to 84 ± 10 % while did not change significantly in the high protein-BCAA diet group from 126 ± 20 % to 141 ± 27 % (BR effect, p = 0.32; BR/diet interaction, p = 0.01; Repeated Measures ANCOVA). In contrast, there were no BR/diet interactions on proteolysis and protein synthesis Clamp + AA changes in the conventional diet and the high protein-BCAA diet groups. CONCLUSION A high protein-BCAA enriched diet prevented inactivity-induced insulin resistance in healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mangogna
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Giorgio Di Girolamo
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Medical Clinic, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Hospital Pharmacy, Cattinara Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Fiotti
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Medical Clinic, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pierandrea Vinci
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Medical Clinic, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Landolfo
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Medical Clinic, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Mearelli
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Medical Clinic, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianni Biolo
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Medical Clinic, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
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20
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Afshar M, van Hall G. LC-MS/MS method for quantitative profiling of ketone bodies, α-keto acids, lactate, pyruvate and their stable isotopically labelled tracers in human plasma: An analytical panel for clinical metabolic kinetics and interactions. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1230:123906. [PMID: 37925904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
An important area within clinical research is in vivo metabolism of ketone bodies (β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) and in connection metabolites that may affect their production and/or cellular transport such as the keto-acids from the branched-chain amino acids, lactate and pyruvate. To determine in vivo metabolite turnover, availability of accurate and sensitive methods for analyzing the plasma concentrations of these metabolites and their stable isotopically labeled enrichments is mandatory. Therefore, the present study describes a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous analysis of ketone bodies, α-keto acids, lactate, pyruvate, and their tracer enrichments in humans using 2 different derivatization techniques with 4-bromo-N-methylbenzylamine and O-benzylhydroxylamine as derivatization reagents, and 1-ethyl-3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide as coupling compound followed by a single LC-MS/MS run. The method was validated for matrix effects, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, stability, and enrichment (ratio) analysis of a stable isotopically labelled analytes (tracers) continuously infused in humans divided by the unlabeled endogenous analyte (tracee) that makes it possible to quantify the analyte in vivo synthesis and degradation rates. The applied parallel derivatization procedure yielded good sensitivity for all analytes of interest and their tracers. Despite the double derivatization method, mixing the ethyl acetate portions at the final stage made it possible to simultaneously analyze all compounds in a single LC-MS/MS run. Moreover, the liquid chromatography method was optimized to robustly quantify the keto acids derived from leucine (α-keto-isocaproic acid) and isoleucine (α-keto-β-methylvaleric acid), the compounds with similar chemical structure and identical molecular weights. The presented method is designed and validated for human plasma. However, care should be taken in blood sampling and processing procedures as well as quick freezing and storage at -80 °C due to the instability of especially acetoacetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Afshar
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility (CMCF), Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerrit van Hall
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility (CMCF), Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Chen C, Naveed H, Chen K. Research progress on branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases. Front Genet 2023; 14:1233669. [PMID: 38028625 PMCID: PMC10658711 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1233669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases, widely present in natural organisms, catalyze bidirectional amino transfer between branched-chain amino acids and branched-chain α-ketoacids in cells. Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases play an important role in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids. In this paper, the interspecific evolution and biological characteristics of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases are introduced, the related research of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases in animals, plants, microorganisms and humans is summarized and the molecular mechanism of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase is analyzed. It has been found that branched-chain amino acid metabolism disorders are closely related to various diseases in humans and animals and plants, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, brain diseases, neurological diseases and cancer. In particular, branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases play an important role in the development of various tumors. Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases have been used as potential targets for various cancers. This article reviews the research on branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases, aiming to provide a reference for clinical research on targeted therapy for various diseases and different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hassan Naveed
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Keping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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22
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Boirie Y, Pinel A, Guillet C. Protein and amino acids in obesity: friends or foes? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2023; 26:508-513. [PMID: 37807957 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nutritional interventions using protein and amino acids in obesity are popular therapeutical strategies to limit obesity development. However, the effects of dietary protein intake and amino acid metabolic alterations involved in obesity pathophysiology have not been completely unravelled. Significant recent studies have brought to light new findings in these areas, which are the primary focus of this review. RECENT FINDINGS We describe the effects of protein intake on weight regain prevention, the influence on gut microbiota, the response to low-protein highly processed foods, and the contrasting impacts of a high-protein diet on adults and children. We also explore newly discovered correlations between amino acids, liver fat accumulation, and the dysregulation of the liver-pancreas axis due to alterations in amino acid levels in the context of obesity. Lastly, we consider branched-chain amino acids, along with glycine and tryptophan, as significant biomarkers during periods of positive or negative energy balance. SUMMARY Interventions using dietary protein in obesity may be useful, especially during energy restriction but also in sarcopenic obesity. Furthermore, metabolic profiles that encompass alterations in certain amino acids can provide valuable insights into the metabolic condition of patients with obesity, particularly in relation to insulin resistance and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Boirie
- Human Nutrition Unit, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne
- Clinical Nutrition Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alexandre Pinel
- Human Nutrition Unit, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne
| | - Christelle Guillet
- Human Nutrition Unit, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne
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23
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Hendrix G, Lokhnygina Y, Ramaker M, Ilkayeva O, Muehlbauer M, Evans W, Rasbach L, Benjamin R, Freemark M, Gumus Balikcioglu P. Catabolism of fats and branched-chain amino acids in children with Type 1 diabetes: Association with glycaemic control and total daily insulin dose. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 6:e448. [PMID: 37715520 PMCID: PMC10638627 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperglycaemia in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from an absolute insulin deficiency. However, insulin resistance (IR) may exacerbate glycaemic instability in T1D and contribute to long-term cardiovascular complications. We previously showed that IR in teenagers with obesity is associated with sex-dependent derangements in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and fatty acids. Here we hypothesized that byproducts of BCAA and fatty acid metabolism may serve as biomarkers or determinants of glycaemic control and IR in prepubertal or early pubertal children with T1D. METHODS Metabolites, hormones and cytokines from fasting blood samples were analysed in 28 children (15 females, 13 males; age 6-11 years) with T1D. Principal components analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression models were used to correlate metabolites of interest with glycaemic control, total daily insulin dose (TDD, units/kg/d), adiponectin and the triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio. RESULTS Males and females were comparable in age, BMI-z, insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control, inflammatory markers, BCAAs and C2/C3/C5-acylcarnitines. The majority of components retained in PCA were related to fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and BCAA catabolism. HbA1c correlated positively with Factor 2 (acylcarnitines, incomplete FAO) and Factor 9 (fasting glucose). TDD correlated negatively with C3 and C5 and Factor 10 (BCAA catabolism) and positively with the ratio of C2 to C3 + C5 and Factor 9 (fasting glucose). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that glucose intolerance in prepubertal or early pubertal children with T1D is accompanied by incomplete FAO while TDD is associated with preferential catabolism of fats relative to amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hendrix
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Yuliya Lokhnygina
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Megan Ramaker
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and NutritionDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Michael Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - William Evans
- University of California‐BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Lisa Rasbach
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Robert Benjamin
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Michael Freemark
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Pinar Gumus Balikcioglu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
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24
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Guo Y, Wei S, Yin M, Cao D, Li Y, Wen C, Zhou J. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Reveals Stage-Specific Metabolic Signatures of Ankylosing Spondylitis. Metabolites 2023; 13:1058. [PMID: 37887383 PMCID: PMC10608640 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of chronic rheumatic immune disease, and the crucial point of AS treatment is identifying the correct stage of the disease. However, there is a lack of effective diagnostic methods for AS staging. The primary objective of this study was to perform an untargeted metabolomic approach in AS patients in an effort to reveal metabolic differences between patients in remission and acute stages. Serum samples from 40 controls and 57 AS patients were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty-four kinds of differential metabolites were identified between the healthy controls and AS patients, mainly involving valine/leucine/isoleucine biosynthesis and degradation, phenylalanine/tyrosine/tryptophan biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, etc. Furthermore, the levels of fatty acids (linoleate, dodecanoate, hexadecanoate, and octadecanoate), amino acids (serine and pyroglutamate), 2-hydroxybutanoate, glucose, etc., were lower in patients in the acute stage than those in the remission stage, which may be associated with the aggravated inflammatory response and elevated oxidative stress in the acute stage. Multiple stage-specific metabolites were significantly correlated with inflammatory indicators (CRP and ESR). In addition, the combination of serum 2-hydroxybutanoate and hexadecanoate plays a significant role in the diagnosis of AS stages. These metabolomics-based findings provide new perspectives for AS staging, treatment, and pathogenesis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Guo
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.G.); (S.W.); (M.Y.); (D.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuangshuang Wei
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.G.); (S.W.); (M.Y.); (D.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Mengdi Yin
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.G.); (S.W.); (M.Y.); (D.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dandan Cao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.G.); (S.W.); (M.Y.); (D.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yiling Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.G.); (S.W.); (M.Y.); (D.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chengping Wen
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.G.); (S.W.); (M.Y.); (D.C.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.G.); (S.W.); (M.Y.); (D.C.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Tanase DM, Gosav EM, Botoc T, Floria M, Tarniceriu CC, Maranduca MA, Haisan A, Cucu AI, Rezus C, Costea CF. Depiction of Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) in Diabetes with a Focus on Diabetic Microvascular Complications. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6053. [PMID: 37762992 PMCID: PMC10531730 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) still holds the title as one of the most debilitating chronic diseases with rising prevalence and incidence, including its complications such as retinal, renal, and peripheral nerve disease. In order to develop novel molecules for diagnosis and treatment, a deep understanding of the complex molecular pathways is imperative. Currently, the existing agents for T2DM treatment target only blood glucose levels. Over the past decades, specific building blocks of proteins-branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) including leucine, isoleucine, and valine-have gained attention because they are linked with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, and diabetes development. In this review, we discuss the hypothetical link between BCAA metabolism, insulin resistance, T2DM, and its microvascular complications including diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy. Further research on these amino acids and their derivates may eventually pave the way to novel biomarkers or therapeutic concepts for the treatment of diabetes and its accompanied complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (E.M.G.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Evelina Maria Gosav
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (E.M.G.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Tina Botoc
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (T.B.); (C.F.C.)
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (E.M.G.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minela Aida Maranduca
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Haisan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Emergency Department, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Ionut Cucu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ștefan cel Mare” University, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ciprian Rezus
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (E.M.G.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (T.B.); (C.F.C.)
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
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Smith JA, Nguyen T, Davis BC, Lahiri DK, Hato T, Obukhov AG, White FA. Propranolol treatment during repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries induces transcriptomic changes in the bone marrow of mice. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1219941. [PMID: 37817806 PMCID: PMC10561692 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1219941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are 1.5 million new mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) annually in the US, with many of the injured experiencing long-term consequences lasting months after the injury. Although the post injury mechanisms are not well understood, current knowledge indicates peripheral immune system activation as a causal link between mTBI and long-term side effects. Through a variety of mechanisms, peripheral innate immune cells are recruited to the CNS after TBI to repair and heal the injured tissue; however, the recruitment and activation of these cells leads to further inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity plays a substantial role in the recruitment of immune cells post injury. Methods We sought to identify the peripheral innate immune response after repeated TBIs in addition to repurposing the nonselective beta blocker propranolol as a novel mTBI therapy to limit SNS activity and mTBI pathophysiology in the mouse. Mice underwent repetitive mTBI or sham injury followed by i.p. saline or propranolol. Isolated mRNA derived from femur bone marrow of mice was assayed for changes in gene expression at one day, one week, and four weeks using Nanostring nCounter® stem cell characterization panel. Results Differential gene expression analysis for bone marrow uncovered significant changes in many genes following drug alone, mTBI alone and drug combined with mTBI. Discussion Our data displays changes in mRNA at various timepoints, most pronounced in the mTBI propranolol group, suggesting a single dose propranolol injection as a viable future mTBI therapy in the acute setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A. Smith
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Tyler Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Brittany C. Davis
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Debomoy K. Lahiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Takashi Hato
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Alexander G. Obukhov
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Fletcher A. White
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Gruber E, Kats LM. The curious case of IDH mutant acute myeloid leukaemia: biochemistry and therapeutic approaches. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1675-1686. [PMID: 37526143 PMCID: PMC10586776 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Of the many genetic alterations that occur in cancer, relatively few have proven to be suitable for the development of targeted therapies. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and -2 increase the capacity of cancer cells to produce a normally scarce metabolite, D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), by several orders of magnitude. The discovery of the unusual biochemistry of IDH mutations spurred a flurry of activity that revealed 2-HG as an 'oncometabolite' with pleiotropic effects in malignant cells and consequences for anti-tumour immunity. Over the next decade, we learned that 2-HG dysregulates a wide array of molecular pathways, among them a large family of dioxygenases that utilise the closely related metabolite α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) as an essential co-substrate. 2-HG not only contributes to malignant transformation, but some cancer cells become addicted to it and sensitive to inhibitors that block its synthesis. Moreover, high 2-HG levels and loss of wild-type IDH1 or IDH2 activity gives rise to synthetic lethal vulnerabilities. Herein, we review the biology of IDH mutations with a particular focus on acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), an aggressive disease where selective targeting of IDH-mutant cells is showing significant promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gruber
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lev M. Kats
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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Xu E, Ji B, Jin K, Chen Y. Branched-chain amino acids catabolism and cancer progression: focus on therapeutic interventions. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1220638. [PMID: 37637065 PMCID: PMC10448767 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1220638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including valine, leucine, and isoleucine, are crucial amino acids with significant implications in tumorigenesis across various human malignancies. Studies have demonstrated that altered BCAA metabolism can influence tumor growth and progression. Increased levels of BCAAs have been associated with tumor growth inhibition, indicating their potential as anti-cancer agents. Conversely, a deficiency in BCAAs can promote tumor metastasis to different organs due to the disruptive effects of high BCAA concentrations on tumor cell migration and invasion. This disruption is associated with tumor cell adhesion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and invasion. Furthermore, BCAAs serve as nitrogen donors, contributing to synthesizing macromolecules such as proteins and nucleotides crucial for cancer cell growth. Consequently, BCAAs exhibit a dual role in cancer, and their effects on tumor growth or inhibition are contingent upon various conditions and concentrations. This review discusses these contrasting findings, providing valuable insights into BCAA-related therapeutic interventions and ultimately contributing to a better understanding of their potential role in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er Xu
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bangju Ji
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ketao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yefeng Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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Wang Y, Li X, Qi M, Li X, Zhang F, Wang Y, Wu J, Shu L, Fan S, Li Y, Li Y. Pharmacological effects and mechanisms of YiYiFuZi powder in chronic heart disease revealed by metabolomics and network pharmacology. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1203208. [PMID: 37426419 PMCID: PMC10327484 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1203208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: YiYiFuZi powder (YYFZ) is a classical formula in Chinese medicine, which is commonly used clinically for the treatment of Chronic Heart Disease (CHD), but it's pharmacological effects and mechanism of action are currently unclear. Methods: An adriamycin-induced CHD model rat was established to evaluate the pharmacological effects of YYFZ on CHD by the results of inflammatory factor level, histopathology and echocardiography. Metabolomic studies were performed on rat plasma using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS to screen biomarkers and enrich metabolic pathways; network pharmacology analysis was also performed to obtain the potential targets and pathways of YYFZ for the treatment of CHD. Results: The results showed that YYFZ significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α and BNP in the serum of rats, alleviated the disorder of cardiomyocyte arrangement and inflammatory cell infiltration, and improved the cardiac function of rats with CHD. The metabolomic analysis identified a total of 19 metabolites, related to amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and other metabolic pathways. Network pharmacology showed that YYFZ acts through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and Ras signaling pathway. Discussion: YYFZ treatment of CHD modulates blood metabolic pattern and several protein phosphorylation cascades but importance specific changes for therapeutic effect require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Wang
- School of Chinese Materia, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Chinese Materia, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Qi
- TIPRHUYA Advancing Innovative Medicines Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaokai Li
- School of Chinese Materia, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuyu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junke Wu
- School of Chinese Materia, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lexin Shu
- School of Chinese Materia, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Simiao Fan
- School of Chinese Materia, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- School of Chinese Materia, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yubo Li
- School of Chinese Materia, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Zhang C, Huang G, Yang J, Jiang Y, Huang R, Ye Z, Huang Y, Hu H, Xi X. Overexpression of DBT suppresses the aggressiveness of renal clear cell carcinoma and correlates with immune infiltration. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197011. [PMID: 37383233 PMCID: PMC10293648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional therapy for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is unpromising. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is intimately linked to the invasiveness of a variety of tumor forms, including KIRC. The purpose of this research is to establish the prognostic and immune-related significance of dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase E2 (DBT) in individuals with KIRC. In this investigation, we discovered that DBT expression was down-regulated in a range of human malignancies, and low DBT expression in KIRC was linked to higher-level clinicopathological characteristics as well as a poor prognosis for KIRC patients. Based on the findings of univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, DBT might be employed as an independent prognostic factor in KIRC patients. Furthermore, we developed a nomogram to better investigate DBT's predictive usefulness. To confirm DBT expression, we examined KIRC cell lines using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. We also examined the role of DBT in KIRC using colony formation, CCK-8, EdU, transwell, and wound healing assays. We discovered that plasmid-mediated overexpression of DBT in KIRC cells slowed cell proliferation and decreased migration and invasion. Multiple enrichment analyses revealed that DBT may be involved in processes and pathways related to immunotherapy and drug metabolism. We computed the immune infiltration score and discovered that the immunological score and the ESTIMATE score were both greater in the DBT low expression group. According to the CIBERSORT algorithm, DBT seems to promote anti-cancer immune responses in KIRC by activating M1 macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells while inhibiting regulatory T cells. Finally, in KIRC, DBT expression was found to be highly linked to immunological checkpoints, targeted medicines, and immunotherapeutic agents. Our findings suggest that DBT is a distinct predictive biomarker for KIRC patients, playing a significant role in the TME of KIRC and serving as a reference for the selection of targeted treatment and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gaomin Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiale Yang
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruizhen Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenfeng Ye
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yawei Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Honglin Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xi
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Razo-Azamar M, Nambo-Venegas R, Meraz-Cruz N, Guevara-Cruz M, Ibarra-González I, Vela-Amieva M, Delgadillo-Velázquez J, Santiago XC, Escobar RF, Vadillo-Ortega F, Palacios-González B. An early prediction model for gestational diabetes mellitus based on metabolomic biomarkers. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:116. [PMID: 37264408 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents the main metabolic alteration during pregnancy. The available methods for diagnosing GDM identify women when the disease is established, and pancreatic beta-cell insufficiency has occurred.The present study aimed to generate an early prediction model (under 18 weeks of gestation) to identify those women who will later be diagnosed with GDM. METHODS A cohort of 75 pregnant women was followed during gestation, of which 62 underwent normal term pregnancy and 13 were diagnosed with GDM. Targeted metabolomics was used to select serum biomarkers with predictive power to identify women who will later be diagnosed with GDM. RESULTS Candidate metabolites were selected to generate an early identification model employing a criterion used when performing Random Forest decision tree analysis. A model composed of two short-chain acylcarnitines was generated: isovalerylcarnitine (C5) and tiglylcarnitine (C5:1). An analysis by ROC curves was performed to determine the classification performance of the acylcarnitines identified in the study, obtaining an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.934 (0.873-0.995, 95% CI). The model correctly classified all cases with GDM, while it misclassified ten controls as in the GDM group. An analysis was also carried out to establish the concentrations of the acylcarnitines for the identification of the GDM group, obtaining concentrations of C5 in a range of 0.015-0.25 μmol/L and of C5:1 with a range of 0.015-0.19 μmol/L. CONCLUSION Early pregnancy maternal metabolites can be used to screen and identify pregnant women who will later develop GDM. Regardless of their gestational body mass index, lipid metabolism is impaired even in the early stages of pregnancy in women who develop GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Razo-Azamar
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica, Facultad de Medicina UNAM en Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Periférico Sur 4809, Tlalpan, Arenal Tepepan, 14610, Mexico City, México
- Laboratorio de Envejecimiento Saludable del INMEGEN en el Centro de Investigación sobre Envejecimiento (CIE-CINVESTAV Sede Sur), 14330, Mexico City, México
| | - Rafael Nambo-Venegas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de Enfermedades Crónicas Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noemí Meraz-Cruz
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica, Facultad de Medicina UNAM en Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Periférico Sur 4809, Tlalpan, Arenal Tepepan, 14610, Mexico City, México
| | - Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Marcela Vela-Amieva
- Laboratorio de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), 04530, Mexico City, México
| | - Jaime Delgadillo-Velázquez
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica, Facultad de Medicina UNAM en Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Periférico Sur 4809, Tlalpan, Arenal Tepepan, 14610, Mexico City, México
| | - Xanic Caraza Santiago
- Centro de Salud T-III Dr. Gabriel Garzón Cossa, Jurisdicción Sanitaria Gustavo A. Madero, SSA de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Rafael Figueroa Escobar
- Centro de Salud T-III Dr. Gabriel Garzón Cossa, Jurisdicción Sanitaria Gustavo A. Madero, SSA de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica, Facultad de Medicina UNAM en Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Periférico Sur 4809, Tlalpan, Arenal Tepepan, 14610, Mexico City, México
| | - Berenice Palacios-González
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica, Facultad de Medicina UNAM en Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Periférico Sur 4809, Tlalpan, Arenal Tepepan, 14610, Mexico City, México.
- Laboratorio de Envejecimiento Saludable del INMEGEN en el Centro de Investigación sobre Envejecimiento (CIE-CINVESTAV Sede Sur), 14330, Mexico City, México.
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Zhu X, Wang J, Lu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang N, Wu W, Zhang Y, Fu Y. Potential of Food Protein-Derived Bioactive Peptides against Sarcopenia: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5419-5437. [PMID: 36988097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c09094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related progressive muscle disorder characterized by accelerated loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, which are important causes of physiological dysfunctions in the elderly. At present, the main alleviating method includes protein supplements to stimulate synthesis of muscle proteins. Food protein-derived peptides containing abundant branched-chain amino acids have a remarkable effect on the improvement of sarcopenia. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanism and clarifying the structure-activity relationship is essential for the mitigation of sarcopenia. This present review recaps the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of sarcopenia, which facilitates a comprehensive understanding of sarcopenia. Moreover, the latest research progress on food-derived antisarcopenic peptides is reviewed, including their antisarcopenic activity, molecular mechanism as well as structural characteristics. Food-derived bioactive peptides can indeed alleviate/mitigate sarcopenia. These antisarcopenic peptides play a pivotal role mainly by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK pathways and inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system and AMPK pathway, thus promoting the synthesis of muscle proteins and inhibiting their degradation. Antisarcopenic peptides alleviate sarcopenia via specific peptides, which may be absorbed into the circulation and exhibit their bioactivity in intact forms. The present review provides a theoretical reference for mitigation and prevention of sarcopenia by food protein-derived bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yujia Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yuchen Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Campos-Góngora E, González-Martínez MT, López-Hernández AA, Arredondo-Mendoza GI, Ortega-Villarreal AS, González-Martínez BE. Histamine and Tyramine in Chihuahua Cheeses during Shelf Life: Association with the Presence of tdc and hdc Genes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073007. [PMID: 37049769 PMCID: PMC10095607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cheese is a product of animal origin with a high nutritional value, and it is one of the most consumed dairy foods in Mexico. In addition, Chihuahua cheese is the most consumed matured cheese in Mexico. In the production process of Chihuahua cheese, maturation is carried out by adding acid lactic microorganisms, mainly of the Lactococcus genus and, in some cases, also the Streptococcus and Lactobacillus genus. As part of the metabolism of fermenting microorganisms, biogenic amines can develop in matured foods, which result from the activity of amino decarboxylase enzymes. In cheeses, histamine and tyramine are the main amines that are formed, and the consumption of these represents a great risk to the health of consumers. In this work, the presence of biogenic amines (histamine and tyramine) was determined by HPLC at different times of the shelf life of Chihuahua cheeses. In addition, the presence of genes hdc and tdc that code for the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of these compounds (histidine and tyrosine decarboxylase, or HDC and TDC) was determined by molecular techniques. A significant correlation was observed between the presence of both histamine and tyramine at the end of shelf life with the presence of genes that code for the enzymes responsible for their synthesis.
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The Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation in Combination with Locoregional Treatments for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030926. [PMID: 36765884 PMCID: PMC9913329 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation has been linked with favorable outcomes in patients undergoing surgical or palliative treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To date, there has been no systematic review investigating the value of BCAA supplementation in HCC patients undergoing locoregional therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search of the literature was performed across five databases/registries using a detailed search algorithm according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. The search was conducted on March 23, 2022. RESULTS Sixteen studies with a total of 1594 patients were analyzed. Most patients were male (64.6%) with a mean age of 68.2 ± 4.1 years, Child-Pugh score A (67.9%) and stage II disease (40.0%). Locoregional therapy consisted of radiofrequency ablation, transarterial chemoembolization or hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy. BCAA supplementation was in the form of BCAA granules or BCAA-enriched nutrient. Most studies reported improved albumin levels, non-protein respiratory quotient and quality of life in the BCAA group. Results pertaining to other outcomes including overall survival, recurrence rate, and Child-Pugh score were variable. Meta-analysis showed significantly higher levels of post-treatment serum albumin in the BCAA group (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI 0.20-0.87) but no significant differences in mortality rate (RR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.65-1.02) and AST (SMD = -0.13, 95% CI: -0.43-0.18). CONCLUSION BCAA supplementation is associated with higher post-treatment albumin levels. There are currently not sufficient data to support additional benefits. Further studies are needed to elucidate their value.
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Turton N, Millichap L, Hargreaves IP. Potential Biomarkers of Mitochondrial Dysfunction Associated with COVID-19 Infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1412:211-224. [PMID: 37378769 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-28012-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play crucial roles in modulating immune responses, and viruses can in turn moderate mitochondrial functioning. Therefore, it is not judicious to assume that clinical outcome experienced in patients with COVID-19 or long COVID may be influenced by mitochondrial dysfunction in this infection. Also, patients who are predisposed to mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) disorders may be more susceptible to worsened clinical outcome associated with COVID-19 infection and long COVID. MRC disorders and dysfunction require a multidisciplinary approach for their diagnosis of which blood and urinary metabolite analysis may be utilized, including the measurement of lactate, organic acid and amino acid levels. More recently, hormone-like cytokines including fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) have also been used to assess possible evidence of MRC dysfunction. In view of their association with MRC dysfunction, assessing evidence of oxidative stress parameters including GSH and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) status may also provide useful biomarkers for diagnosis of MRC dysfunction. To date, the most reliable biomarker available for assessing MRC dysfunction is the spectrophotometric determination of MRC enzyme activities in skeletal muscle or tissue from the disease-presenting organ. Moreover, the combined use of these biomarkers in a multiplexed targeted metabolic profiling strategy may further improve the diagnostic yield of the individual tests for assessing evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in patients pre- and post-COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Turton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Iain P Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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Liu L, Xu J, Zhang Z, Ren D, Wu Y, Wang D, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Chen Q, Wang T. Metabolic Homeostasis of Amino Acids and Diabetic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010184. [PMID: 36615841 PMCID: PMC9823842 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) occurs in 25-40% of patients with diabetes. Individuals with DKD are at a significant risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease morbidity and mortality. At present, although renal function-decline can be retarded by intensive glucose lowering and strict blood pressure control, these current treatments have shown no beneficial impact on preventing progression to kidney failure. Recently, in addition to control of blood sugar and pressure, a dietary approach has been recommended for management of DKD. Amino acids (AAs) are both biomarkers and causal factors of DKD progression. AA homeostasis contributes to renal hemodynamic response and glomerular hyperfiltration alteration in diabetic patients. This review discusses the links between progressive kidney dysfunction and the metabolic homeostasis of histidine, tryptophan, methionine, glutamine, tyrosine, and branched-chain AAs. In addition, we emphasize the regulation effects of special metabolites on DKD progression, with a focus on causality and potential mechanisms. This paper may offer an optimized protein diet strategy with concomitant management of AA homeostasis to reduce the risks of DKD in a setting of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingge Xu
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Dongwen Ren
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuzheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shuwu Zhao
- School of Intergrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (T.W.); Tel.: +86-22-59596164 (Q.C.); +86-22-59596185 (T.W.)
| | - Tao Wang
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (T.W.); Tel.: +86-22-59596164 (Q.C.); +86-22-59596185 (T.W.)
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Sheremetieva M, Anufriev K, Khlebodarova T, Kolchanov N, Yanenko A. Rational metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum to create a producer of L-valine. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 26:743-757. [PMID: 36694718 PMCID: PMC9834717 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-22-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Valine is one of the nine amino acids that cannot be synthesized de novo by higher organisms and must come from food. This amino acid not only serves as a building block for proteins, but also regulates protein and energy metabolism and participates in neurotransmission. L-Valine is used in the food and pharmaceutical industries, medicine and cosmetics, but primarily as an animal feed additive. Adding L-valine to feed, alone or mixed with other essential amino acids, allows for feeds with lower crude protein content, increases the quality and quantity of pig meat and broiler chicken meat, as well as improves reproductive functions of farm animals. Despite the fact that the market for L-valine is constantly growing, this amino acid is not yet produced in our country. In modern conditions, the creation of strains-producers and organization of L-valine production are especially relevant for Russia. One of the basic microorganisms most commonly used for the creation of amino acid producers, along with Escherichia coli, is the soil bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum. This review is devoted to the analysis of the main strategies for the development of L- valine producers based on C. glutamicum. Various aspects of L-valine biosynthesis in C. glutamicum are reviewed: process biochemistry, stoichiometry and regulation, enzymes and their corresponding genes, export and import systems, and the relationship of L-valine biosynthesis with central cell metabolism. Key genetic elements for the creation of C. glutamicum-based strains-producers are identified. The use of metabolic engineering to enhance L-valine biosynthesis reactions and to reduce the formation of byproducts is described. The prospects for improving strains in terms of their productivity and technological characteristics are shown. The information presented in the review can be used in the production of producers of other amino acids with a branched side chain, namely L-leucine and L-isoleucine, as well as D-pantothenate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K.E. Anufriev
- NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Genomic Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - T.M. Khlebodarova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, RussiaKurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N.A. Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, RussiaKurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A.S. Yanenko
- NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Genomic Center, Moscow, Russia
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Golubyatnikov V, Akinshin A, Ayupova N, Minushkina L. Stratifications and foliations in phase portraits of gene network models. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 26:758-764. [PMID: 36694713 PMCID: PMC9837163 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-22-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodic processes of gene network functioning are described with good precision by periodic trajectories (limit cycles) of multidimensional systems of kinetic-type differential equations. In the literature, such systems are often called dynamical, they are composed according to schemes of positive and negative feedback between components of these networks. The variables in these equations describe concentrations of these components as functions of time. In the preparation of numerical experiments with such mathematical models, it is useful to start with studies of qualitative behavior of ensembles of trajectories of the corresponding dynamical systems, in particular, to estimate the highest likelihood domain of the initial data, to solve inverse problems of parameter identification, to list the equilibrium points and their characteristics, to localize cycles in the phase portraits, to construct stratification of the phase portraits to subdomains with different qualities of trajectory behavior, etc. Such an à priori geometric analysis of the dynamical systems is quite analogous to the basic section "Investigation of functions and plot of their graphs" of Calculus, where the methods of qualitative studies of shapes of curves determined by equations are exposed. In the present paper, we construct ensembles of trajectories in phase portraits of some dynamical systems. These ensembles are 2-dimensional surfaces invariant with respect to shifts along the trajectories. This is analogous to classical construction in analytic mechanics, i. e. the level surfaces of motion integrals (energy, kinetic moment, etc.). Such surfaces compose foliations in phase portraits of dynamical systems of Hamiltonian mechanics. In contrast with this classical mechanical case, the foliations considered in this paper have singularities: all their leaves have a non-empty intersection, they contain limit cycles on their boundaries. Description of the phase portraits of these systems at the level of their stratifications, and that of ensembles of trajectories allows one to construct more realistic gene network models on the basis of methods of statistical physics and the theory of stochastic differential equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V.P. Golubyatnikov
- Sobolev Institute of Mathematics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, RussiaNovosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A.A. Akinshin
- Huawei Russian Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N.B. Ayupova
- Sobolev Institute of Mathematics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, RussiaNovosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Yin M, Lei QY. BCAT2-BCKDH metabolon maintains BCAA homeostasis. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1618-1619. [PMID: 36443521 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yin
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qun-Ying Lei
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Braczko A, Kutryb-Zajac B, Jedrzejewska A, Krol O, Mierzejewska P, Zabielska-Kaczorowska M, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. Cardiac Mitochondria Dysfunction in Dyslipidemic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911488. [PMID: 36232794 PMCID: PMC9570391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia triggers many severe pathologies, including atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation. Several lines of evidence, including our studies, have suggested direct effects of dyslipidemia on cardiac energy metabolism, but details of these effects are not clear. This study aimed to investigate how mild dyslipidemia affects cardiac mitochondria function and vascular nucleotide metabolism. The analyses were performed in 3- and 6-month-old knock-out mice for low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr−/−) and compared to wild-type C57Bl/6J mice (WT). Cardiac isolated mitochondria function was analyzed using Seahorse metabolic flux analyzer. The mechanical function of the heart was measured using echocardiography. The levels of fusion, fission, and mitochondrial biogenesis proteins were determined by ELISA kits, while the cardiac intracellular nucleotide concentration and vascular pattern of nucleotide metabolism ecto-enzymes were analyzed using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. We revealed the downregulation of mitochondrial complex I, together with a decreased activity of citrate synthase (CS), reduced levels of nuclear respiratory factor 1 and mitochondrial fission 1 protein, as well as lower intracellular adenosine and guanosine triphosphates’ pool in the hearts of 6-month Ldlr−/− mice vs. age-matched WT. The analysis of vascular ecto-enzyme pattern revealed decreased rate of extracellular adenosine monophosphate hydrolysis and increased ecto-adenosine deaminase activity (eADA) in 6-month Ldlr−/− vs. WT mice. No changes were observed in echocardiography parameters in both age groups of Ldlr−/− mice. Younger hyperlipidemic mice revealed no differences in cardiac mitochondria function, CS activity, intracellular nucleotides, mitochondrial biogenesis, and dynamics but exhibited minor changes in vascular eADA activity vs. WT. This study revealed that dysfunction of cardiac mitochondria develops during prolonged mild hyperlipidemia at the time point corresponding to the formation of early vascular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Braczko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.K.-Z.); (R.T.S.); Tel.: +48-58-349-14-14 (B.K.-Z.); +48-58-349-14-60 (R.T.S.)
| | - Agata Jedrzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Oliwia Krol
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paulina Mierzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zabielska-Kaczorowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa M. Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.K.-Z.); (R.T.S.); Tel.: +48-58-349-14-14 (B.K.-Z.); +48-58-349-14-60 (R.T.S.)
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Nong X, Zhang C, Wang J, Ding P, Ji G, Wu T. The mechanism of branched-chain amino acid transferases in different diseases: Research progress and future prospects. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988290. [PMID: 36119495 PMCID: PMC9478667 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the enzyme catalyzes the first step of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism is branched-chain amino transferase (BCAT), which is involved in the synthesis and degradation of leucine, isoleucine and valine. There are two main subtypes of human branched chain amino transferase (hBCAT), including cytoplasmic BCAT (BCAT1) and mitochondrial BCAT (BCAT2). In recent years, the role of BCAT in tumors has attracted the attention of scientists, and there have been continuous research reports that BCAT plays a role in the tumor, Alzheimer’s disease, myeloid leukaemia and other diseases. It plays a significant role in the growth and development of diseases, and new discoveries about this gene in some diseases are made every year. BCAT usually promotes cancer proliferation and invasion by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and activating Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction. This article reviews the role and mechanism of BCAT in different diseases, as well as the recent biomedical research progress. This review aims to make a comprehensive summary of the role and mechanism of BCAT in different diseases and to provide new research ideas for the treatment, prognosis and prevention of certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiazhen Nong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peilun Ding
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Ji, ; ; Tao Wu, ;
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Ji, ; ; Tao Wu, ;
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Du C, Liu WJ, Yang J, Zhao SS, Liu HX. The Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Branched-Chain α-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Kinase in Metabolic Disorders. Front Nutr 2022; 9:932670. [PMID: 35923208 PMCID: PMC9339795 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.932670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), composed of leucine, isoleucine, and valine, are important essential amino acids in human physiology. Decades of studies have revealed their roles in protein synthesis, regulating neurotransmitter synthesis, and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). BCAAs are found to be related to many metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, obesity, and heart failure. Also, many diseases are related to the alteration of the BCAA catabolism enzyme branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK), including maple syrup urine disease, human autism with epilepsy, and so on. In this review, diseases and the corresponding therapies are discussed after the introduction of the catabolism and detection methods of BCAAs and BCKDK. Also, the interaction between microbiota and BCAAs is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Du
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen-Jie Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhao
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shan-Shan Zhao,
| | - Hui-Xin Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Hui-Xin Liu,
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Turton N, Cufflin N, Dewsbury M, Fitzpatrick O, Islam R, Watler LL, McPartland C, Whitelaw S, Connor C, Morris C, Fang J, Gartland O, Holt L, Hargreaves IP. The Biochemical Assessment of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137487. [PMID: 35806492 PMCID: PMC9267223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) disorders are a complex group of diseases whose diagnosis requires a multidisciplinary approach in which the biochemical investigations play an important role. Initial investigations include metabolite analysis in both blood and urine and the measurement of lactate, pyruvate and amino acid levels, as well as urine organic acids. Recently, hormone-like cytokines, such as fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), have also been used as a means of assessing evidence of MRC dysfunction, although work is still required to confirm their diagnostic utility and reliability. The assessment of evidence of oxidative stress may also be an important parameter to consider in the diagnosis of MRC function in view of its association with mitochondrial dysfunction. At present, due to the lack of reliable biomarkers available for assessing evidence of MRC dysfunction, the spectrophotometric determination of MRC enzyme activities in skeletal muscle or tissue from the disease-presenting organ is considered the ‘Gold Standard’ biochemical method to provide evidence of MRC dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to outline a number of biochemical methods that may provide diagnostic evidence of MRC dysfunction in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Turton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Neve Cufflin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Mollie Dewsbury
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Olivia Fitzpatrick
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Rahida Islam
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Lowidka Linares Watler
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Cara McPartland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Sophie Whitelaw
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Caitlin Connor
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Charlotte Morris
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Jason Fang
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Ollie Gartland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Liv Holt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Iain P Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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