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Gao X, Wang W, Xu J, Huang S, Yang K, Yang J, Chen Y, Wang G, Han M, Wang Z, Kang D, Yuan Y, Dai P. Characterization of SH3GLB1 in the auditory system and its potential role in mitophagy. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101018. [PMID: 38495924 PMCID: PMC10940771 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Weiqian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Jincao Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Shasha Huang
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Jinyuan Yang
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yijin Chen
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Guojian Wang
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mingyu Han
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhendong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Dongyang Kang
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yongyi Yuan
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Pu Dai
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
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Dlamini M, Khathi A. Investigating the Effects of Diet-Induced Prediabetes on Skeletal Muscle Strength in Male Sprague Dawley Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4076. [PMID: 38612885 PMCID: PMC11012655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a condition preceded by prediabetes, is documented to compromise skeletal muscle health, consequently affecting skeletal muscle structure, strength, and glucose homeostasis. A disturbance in skeletal muscle functional capacity has been demonstrated to induce insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. However, the modifications in skeletal muscle function in the prediabetic state are not well elucidated. Hence, this study investigated the effects of diet-induced prediabetes on skeletal muscle strength in a prediabetic model. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of the two groups (n = 6 per group; six prediabetic (PD) and six non-pre-diabetic (NPD)). The PD group (n = 6) was induced with prediabetes for 20 weeks. The diet that was used to induce prediabetes consisted of fats (30% Kcal/g), proteins (15% Kcal/g), and carbohydrates (55% Kcal/g). In addition to the diet, the experimental animals (n = 6) were supplied with drinking water that was supplemented with 15% fructose. The control group (n = 6) was allowed access to normal rat chow, consisting of 35% carbohydrates, 30% protein, 15% fats, and 20% other components, as well as ordinary tap water. At the end of week 20, the experimental animals were diagnosed with prediabetes using the American Diabetes Association (ADA) prediabetes impaired fasting blood glucose criteria (5.6-6.9 mmol/L). Upon prediabetes diagnosis, the animals were subjected to a four-limb grip strength test to assess skeletal muscle strength at week 20. After the grip strength test was conducted, the animals were euthanized for blood and tissue collection to analyze glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), plasma insulin, and insulin resistance using the homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. Correlation analysis was performed to examine the associations of skeletal muscle strength with HOMA-IR, plasma glucose, HbA1c, and MDA concentration. The results demonstrated increased HbA1c, FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, and MDA concentrations in the PD group compared to the NPD group. Grip strength was reduced in the PD group compared to the NPD group. Grip strength was negatively correlated with HbA1c, plasma glucose, HOMA-IR, and MDA concentration in the PD group. These observations suggest that diet-induced prediabetes compromises muscle function, which may contribute to increased levels of sedentary behavior during prediabetes progression, and this may contribute to the development of hyperglycemia in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andile Khathi
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban X54001, South Africa;
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Vanlieshout TL, Stouth DW, Raziee R, Sraka ASJ, Masood HA, Ng SY, Mattina SR, Mikhail AI, Manta A, Ljubicic V. Sex-Specific Effect of CARM1 in Skeletal Muscle Adaptations to Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:486-498. [PMID: 37882083 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine how the intersection of coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) and biological sex affects skeletal muscle adaptations to chronic physical activity. METHODS Twelve-week-old female (F) and male (M) wild-type (WT) and CARM1 skeletal muscle-specific knockout (mKO) mice were randomly assigned to sedentary (SED) or voluntary wheel running (VWR) experimental groups. For 8 wk, the animals in the VWR cohort had volitional access to running wheels. Subsequently, we performed whole-body functional tests, and 48 h later muscles were harvested for molecular analysis. Western blotting, enzyme activity assays, as well as confocal and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine skeletal muscle biology. RESULTS Our data reveal a sex-dependent reduction in VWR volume caused by muscle-specific ablation of CARM1, as F CARM1 mKO mice performed less chronic, volitional exercise than their WT counterparts. Regardless of VWR output, exercise-induced adaptations in physiological function were similar between experimental groups. A broad panel of protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) biology measurements, including markers of arginine methyltransferase expression and activity, were unaffected by VWR, except for CARM1 and PRMT7 protein levels, which decreased and increased with VWR, respectively. Changes in myofiber morphology and mitochondrial protein content showed similar trends among animals. However, a closer examination of transmission electron microscopy images revealed contrasting responses to VWR in CARM1 mKO mice compared with WT littermates, particularly in mitochondrial size and fractional area. CONCLUSIONS The present findings demonstrate that CARM1 mKO reduces daily running volume in F mice, as well as exercise-evoked skeletal muscle mitochondrial plasticity, which indicates that this enzyme plays an essential role in sex-dependent differences in exercise performance and mitochondrial health.
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Wu Y, Li M, Ying H, Gu Y, Zhu Y, Gu Y, Huang L. Mitochondrial quality control alterations and placenta-related disorders. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1344951. [PMID: 38390447 PMCID: PMC10883312 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1344951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells. Normal maintenance of function is the premise and basis for various physiological activities. Mitochondrial dysfunction is commonly observed in a wide range of pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative, metabolic, cardiovascular, and various diseases related to foetal growth and development. The placenta is a highly energy-dependent organ that acts as an intermediary between the mother and foetus and functions to maintain foetal growth and development. Recent studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with placental disorders. Defects in mitochondrial quality control mechanisms may lead to preeclampsia and foetal growth restriction. In this review, we address the quality control mechanisms of mitochondria and the relevant pathologies of mitochondrial dysfunction in placenta-related diseases, such as preeclampsia and foetal growth restriction. This review also investigates the relation between mitochondrial dysfunction and placental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Wu
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Meng Li
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Ying
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yunlong Zhu
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanfang Gu
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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5
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Chen TH, Wang HC, Chang CJ, Lee SY. Mitochondrial Glutathione in Cellular Redox Homeostasis and Disease Manifestation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1314. [PMID: 38279310 PMCID: PMC10816320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for providing energy to maintain cell viability. Oxidative phosphorylation involves the transfer of electrons from energy substrates to oxygen to produce adenosine triphosphate. Mitochondria also regulate cell proliferation, metastasis, and deterioration. The flow of electrons in the mitochondrial respiratory chain generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are harmful to cells at high levels. Oxidative stress caused by ROS accumulation has been associated with an increased risk of cancer, and cardiovascular and liver diseases. Glutathione (GSH) is an abundant cellular antioxidant that is primarily synthesized in the cytoplasm and delivered to the mitochondria. Mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) metabolizes hydrogen peroxide within the mitochondria. A long-term imbalance in the ratio of mitochondrial ROS to mGSH can cause cell dysfunction, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, which may lead to disease. This study aimed to review the physiological functions, anabolism, variations in organ tissue accumulation, and delivery of GSH to the mitochondria and the relationships between mGSH levels, the GSH/GSH disulfide (GSSG) ratio, programmed cell death, and ferroptosis. We also discuss diseases caused by mGSH deficiency and related therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiang-Chen Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Jung Chang
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Lee
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
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Singh K, Kumari S, Ali M, Das MK, Mishra A, Singh AK. Association of transient mitochondrial functional impairment with acute heat exposure in children from Muzaffarpur region of Bihar, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:1975-1989. [PMID: 37796289 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several years, the Muzaffarpur district of Bihar (India) has witnessed recurrent outbreaks of acute encephalitis illness of unknown etiology, called acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) among young children, especially during the peak-summer season. Pesticide exposure, viral encephalitis, and litchi toxin intake have all been postulated as potential sources of the ailment. However, no conclusive etiology for AES has been identified in the affected children. During recent rounds of the outbreak, metabolic abnormalities have been documented in these children, and a direct correlation was observed between higher environmental temperature during the peak-summer month and AES caseload. The clinical and metabolic profiles of these children suggested the possible involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction during heat stress as one of the several contributory factors leading to multisystem metabolic derangement. The present study observed that mitochondrial function parameters such as cell death, mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial pathway-related gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from children were affected in peak-summer when compared to post-summer months. Similar observations of mitochondrial function parameters along with impaired bioenergetic parameters were demonstrated in the heat-exposed model of PBMCs isolated from healthy adult individuals. In conclusion, the results suggested that there is an association of transient mitochondrial dysfunction when exposed to sustained heat during the summer months. One may consider mitochondrial dysfunction as one of the important factors leading to an outbreak of AES among the children from affected regions though this needs to be substantiated with further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Singh
- Cardiorespiratory Disease Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Swati Kumari
- Cardiorespiratory Disease Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Manzoor Ali
- Cardiorespiratory Disease Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Manoja K Das
- Public Health, The INCLEN Trust International, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Aastha Mishra
- Cardiorespiratory Disease Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Arun K Singh
- Department of Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342001, India.
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Prabhu SS, Nair AS, Nirmala SV. Multifaceted roles of mitochondrial dysfunction in diseases: from powerhouses to saboteurs. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:723-743. [PMID: 37751031 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The fact that mitochondria play a crucial part in energy generation has led to the nickname "powerhouses" of the cell being applied to them. They also play a significant role in many other cellular functions, including calcium signalling, apoptosis, and the creation of vital biomolecules. As a result, cellular function and health as a whole can be significantly impacted by mitochondrial malfunction. Indeed, malignancies frequently have increased levels of mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control. Adverse selection exists for harmful mitochondrial genome mutations, even though certain malignancies include modifications in the nuclear-encoded tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes that generate carcinogenic metabolites. Since rare human cancers with mutated mitochondrial genomes are often benign, removing mitochondrial DNA reduces carcinogenesis. Therefore, targeting mitochondria offers therapeutic options since they serve several functions and are crucial to developing malignant tumors. Here, we discuss the various steps involved in the mechanism of cancer for which mitochondria plays a significant role, as well as the role of mitochondria in diseases other than cancer. It is crucial to understand mitochondrial malfunction to target these organelles for therapeutic reasons. This highlights the significance of investigating mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer and other disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surapriya Surendranath Prabhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Aathira Sujathan Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Saiprabha Vijayakumar Nirmala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India.
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Alnahhas N, Pouliot E, Saucier L. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1 pathway plays a critical role in the development of breast muscle myopathies in broiler chickens: a comprehensive review. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1260987. [PMID: 37719466 PMCID: PMC10500075 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1260987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of the increased worldwide demand for poultry meat, genetic selection efforts have intensified to produce broiler strains that grow at a higher rate, have greater breast meat yield (BMY), and convert feed to meat more efficiently. The increased selection pressure for these traits, BMY in particular, has produced multiple breast meat quality defects collectively known as breast muscle myopathies (BMM). Hypoxia has been proposed as one of the major mechanisms triggering the onset and occurrence of these myopathies. In this review, the relevant literature on the causes and consequences of hypoxia in broiler breast muscles is reviewed and discussed, with a special focus on the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) pathway. Muscle fiber hypertrophy induced by selective breeding for greater BMY reduces the space available in the perimysium and endomysium for blood vessels and capillaries. The hypoxic state that results from the lack of circulation in muscle tissue activates the HIF-1 pathway. This pathway alters energy metabolism by promoting anaerobic glycolysis, suppressing the tricarboxylic acid cycle and damaging mitochondrial function. These changes lead to oxidative stress that further exacerbate the progression of BMM. In addition, activating the HIF-1 pathway promotes fatty acid synthesis, lipogenesis, and lipid accumulation in myopathic muscle tissue, and interacts with profibrotic growth factors leading to increased deposition of matrix proteins in muscle tissue. By promoting lipidosis and fibrosis, the HIF-1 pathway contributes to the development of the distinctive phenotypes of BMM, including white striations in white striping-affected muscles and the increased hardness of wooden breast-affected muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Alnahhas
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Linda Saucier
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Kodippili K, Rudnicki MA. Satellite cell contribution to disease pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1180980. [PMID: 37324396 PMCID: PMC10266354 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1180980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive muscle weakness and degeneration characterize Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a lethal, x-linked neuromuscular disorder that affects 1 in 5,000 boys. Loss of dystrophin protein leads to recurrent muscle degeneration, progressive fibrosis, chronic inflammation, and dysfunction of skeletal muscle resident stem cells, called satellite cells. Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for DMD. In this mini review, we discuss how satellite cells in dystrophic muscle are functionally impaired, and how this contributes to the DMD pathology, and the tremendous potential of restoring endogenous satellite cell function as a viable treatment strategy to treat this debilitating and fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasun Kodippili
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A. Rudnicki
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Chen TH, Chang CJ, Hung PH. Possible Pathogenesis and Prevention of Long COVID: SARS-CoV-2-Induced Mitochondrial Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8034. [PMID: 37175745 PMCID: PMC10179190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection may experience chronic fatigue when exercising, despite no obvious heart or lung abnormalities. The present lack of effective treatments makes managing long COVID a major challenge. One of the underlying mechanisms of long COVID may be mitochondrial dysfunction. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections can alter the mitochondria responsible for energy production in cells. This alteration leads to mitochondrial dysfunction which, in turn, increases oxidative stress. Ultimately, this results in a loss of mitochondrial integrity and cell death. Moreover, viral proteins can bind to mitochondrial complexes, disrupting mitochondrial function and causing the immune cells to over-react. This over-reaction leads to inflammation and potentially long COVID symptoms. It is important to note that the roles of mitochondrial damage and inflammatory responses caused by SARS-CoV-2 in the development of long COVID are still being elucidated. Targeting mitochondrial function may provide promising new clinical approaches for long-COVID patients; however, further studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of such approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Jung Chang
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Peir-Haur Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan;
- Department of Life and Health Science, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717301, Taiwan
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Coradduzza D, Congiargiu A, Chen Z, Cruciani S, Zinellu A, Carru C, Medici S. Humanin and Its Pathophysiological Roles in Aging: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040558. [PMID: 37106758 PMCID: PMC10135985 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senescence is a cellular aging process in all multicellular organisms. It is characterized by a decline in cellular functions and proliferation, resulting in increased cellular damage and death. These conditions play an essential role in aging and significantly contribute to the development of age-related complications. Humanin is a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP), encoded by mitochondrial DNA, playing a cytoprotective role to preserve mitochondrial function and cell viability under stressful and senescence conditions. For these reasons, humanin can be exploited in strategies aiming to counteract several processes involved in aging, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Relevance of these conditions to aging and disease: Senescence appears to be involved in the decay in organ and tissue function, it has also been related to the development of age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular conditions, cancer, and diabetes. In particular, senescent cells produce inflammatory cytokines and other pro-inflammatory molecules that can participate to the development of such diseases. Humanin, on the other hand, seems to contrast the development of such conditions, and it is also known to play a role in these diseases by promoting the death of damaged or malfunctioning cells and contributing to the inflammation often associated with them. Both senescence and humanin-related mechanisms are complex processes that have not been fully clarified yet. Further research is needed to thoroughly understand the role of such processes in aging and disease and identify potential interventions to target them in order to prevent or treat age-related conditions. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aims to assess the potential mechanisms underlying the link connecting senescence, humanin, aging, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhichao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Sara Cruciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Control Quality Unit, Azienda-Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Serenella Medici
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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