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Beltrí R, Monteiro HR, Toubarro D, Simões N, Garriga A. Biocontrol potential of six Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strains isolated in the Azores Archipelago. J Helminthol 2024; 98:e43. [PMID: 38800903 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x24000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are closely associated with Popillia japonica and potentially used as their biological control agents, although field results proved inconsistent and evoked a continual pursuit of native EPNs more adapted to the environment. Therefore, we surveyed the Azorean Archipelago to isolate new strains of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and to evaluate their virulence against the model organism Galleria mellonella under laboratory conditions. Six strains were obtained from pasture and coastal environments and both nematode and symbiont bacteria were molecularly identified. The bioassays revealed that Az172, Az186, and Az171 presented high virulence across the determination of a lethal dose (LD50) and short exposure time experiments with a comparable performance to Az29. After 72 hours, these virulent strains presented a mean determination of a lethal dose of 11 infective juveniles cm-2, a lethal time (LT50) of 34 hours, and achieved 40% mortality after an initial exposure time of only 60 minutes. Az170 exhibited an intermediate performance, whereas Az179 and Az180 were classified as low virulent strains. However, both strains presented the highest reproductive potential with means of 1700 infective juveniles/mg of larvae. The bioassays of the native EPNs obtained revealed that these strains hold the potential to be used in biological control initiatives targeting P. japonica because of their high virulence and locally adapted to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Beltrí
- Centro de Biotecnologia dos Açores, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - H R Monteiro
- Centro de Biotecnologia dos Açores, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - D Toubarro
- Centro de Biotecnologia dos Açores, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - N Simões
- Centro de Biotecnologia dos Açores, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - A Garriga
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Biotecnologia dos Açores, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321Ponta Delgada, Portugal
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2
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Nurzhanova AA, Mamirova A, Mursaliyeva V, Nurmagambetova AS, Zhumasheva Z, Turdiyev T, Kushnarenko S, Ismailova E. In Vitro Approbation of Microbial Preparations to Shield Fruit Crops from Fire Blight: Physio-Biochemical Parameters. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1431. [PMID: 38891242 PMCID: PMC11174909 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The need for the increasing geographical spread of fire blight (FB) affecting fruit crops to be addressed led to large-scale chemicalization of the environmental matrices and reduction of plant productivity. The current study aimed to assess the effects of novel biopreparations at different exposure durations on photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves of apple and pear varieties with varying levels of resistance to FB. Biopreparations were formulated from a cultural broth containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei M12 or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MB40 isolated from apple trees' phyllosphere. Aseptic leaves from blight-resistant (endemic Malus sieversii cv. KG10), moderately resistant (Pyrus pyraster cv. Wild), and susceptible (endangered Malus domestica cv. Aport and Pyrus communis cv. Shygys) varieties were employed. The impact of biopreparations on fruit crop antioxidant systems and photosynthetic apparatuses was investigated in vitro. Study results indicated that FB-resistant varieties exhibit enhanced adaptability and oxidative stress resistance compared to susceptible ones. Plant response to biopreparations varied based on the plant's initial FB sensitivity and exposure duration. Indeed, biopreparations improved the adaptive response of the assimilation apparatus, protein synthesis, and catalase and superoxide dismutase activity in susceptible varieties, suggesting that biopreparations have the potential for future commercialization to manage FB in fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asil A. Nurzhanova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev 45, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (A.A.N.); (V.M.); (A.S.N.); (Z.Z.); (T.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Aigerim Mamirova
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Valentina Mursaliyeva
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev 45, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (A.A.N.); (V.M.); (A.S.N.); (Z.Z.); (T.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Asiya S. Nurmagambetova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev 45, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (A.A.N.); (V.M.); (A.S.N.); (Z.Z.); (T.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Zhadyra Zhumasheva
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev 45, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (A.A.N.); (V.M.); (A.S.N.); (Z.Z.); (T.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Timur Turdiyev
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev 45, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (A.A.N.); (V.M.); (A.S.N.); (Z.Z.); (T.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Svetlana Kushnarenko
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev 45, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (A.A.N.); (V.M.); (A.S.N.); (Z.Z.); (T.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Elvira Ismailova
- Scientific Production Centre of Microbiology and Virology, Bogenbai Batyr 105, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan;
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Wu J, Lin C, Liu D, Bian Q, Wang M, Zhong J. Total synthesis of (6R,12R)-6,12-dimethylpentadecan-2-one, the sex pheromone of Diabrotica balteata LeConte. Chirality 2024; 36:e23658. [PMID: 38414199 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Diabrotica balteata LeConte is one of the most important polyphagous agricultural pests. The sex pheromone of this pest was synthesized using Evans asymmetric alkylation, ring-opening reaction of (R)-2-methyloxirane, SN 2 alkylation of secondary tosylate, and coupling of chiral tosylate with Grignard reagent as central strategies. The sex pheromone prepared herein would be useful to control D. balteata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanwen Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Bian
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangchun Zhong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Jin Z, Zhao H, Xian X, Li M, Qi Y, Guo J, Yang N, Lü Z, Liu W. Early warning and management of invasive crop pests under global warming: estimating the global geographical distribution patterns and ecological niche overlap of three Diabrotica beetles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:13575-13590. [PMID: 38253826 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Invasive alien pests (IAPs) pose a major threat to global agriculture and food production. When multiple IAPs coexist in the same habitat and use the same resources, the economic loss to local agricultural production increases. Many species of the Diabrotica genus, such as Diabrotica barberi, Diabrotica undecimpunctata, and Diabrotica virgifera, originating from the USA and Mexico, seriously damaged maize production in North America and Europe. However, the potential geographic distributions (PGDs) and degree of ecological niche overlap among the three Diabrotica beetles remain unclear; thus, the potential coexistence zone is unknown. Based on environmental and species occurrence data, we used an ensemble model (EM) to predict the PGDs and overlapping PGD of the three Diabrotica beetles. The n-dimensional hypervolumes concept was used to explore the degree of niche overlap among the three species. The EM showed better reliability than the individual models. According to the EM results, the PGDs and overlapping PGD of the three Diabrotica beetles were mainly distributed in North America, Europe, and Asia. Under the current scenario, D. virgifera has the largest PGD ranges (1615 × 104 km2). In the future, the PGD of this species will expand further and reach a maximum under the SSP5-8.5 scenario in the 2050s (2499 × 104 km2). Diabrotica virgifera showed the highest potential for invasion under the current and future global warming scenarios. Among the three studied species, the degree of ecological niche overlap was the highest for D. undecimpunctata and D. virgifera, with the highest similarity in the PGD patterns and maximum coexistence range. Under global warming, the PGDs of the three Diabrotica beetles are expected to expand to high latitudes. Identifying the PGDs of the three Diabrotica beetles provides an important reference for quarantine authorities in countries at risk of invasion worldwide to develop specific preventive measures against pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenan Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haoxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xian
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuhan Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nianwan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China
- Institute of Western Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China
| | - Zhichuang Lü
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wanxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Rae R, Sheehy L, McDonald-Howard K. Thirty years of slug control using the parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita and beyond. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3408-3424. [PMID: 37394691 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Several slug species are highly pestiferous and threaten global sustainable agriculture. Current control methods rely heavily on metaldehyde pellets, which are often ineffective, harm nontarget organisms and have been banned in some countries. A viable alternative is the parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (and recently P. californica), which has been formulated into a biological control agent (Nemaslug®) to control slugs across northern Europe. Nematodes are mixed with water and applied to soil where they seek out slugs, penetrate behind the mantle and kill them in 4-21 days. Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita has been on the market since 1994 and since then there has been ample research on its use. Here we review the research carried out on P. hermaphrodita over the last 30 years since its development and release as a commercial product. We provide information on life cycle, worldwide distribution, history of commercialisation, gastropod immunity, host range, ecological and environmental factors that affect its success in the field, bacterial relationships, and summarise results of field trials. Finally, we suggest future directions for P. hermaphrodita research (and other Phasmarhabditis species) to enhance its use as a biological control agent to control slugs for the next 30 years. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie Rae
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Laura Sheehy
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kerry McDonald-Howard
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Abd-Elgawad MMM. Optimizing Entomopathogenic Nematode Genetics and Applications for the Integrated Management of Horticultural Pests. HORTICULTURAE 2023; 9:865. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae9080865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) can kill and recycle in their host populations, which bodes well for EPNs’ exploitation in long-term and safe pest management. However, EPNs’ cost and efficacy need transformational technology to supplant less expensive and more effective but toxic/unhealthy pesticides. A technology that allows for the significant uptake of commercial EPNs should both boost their market suitability and provide genetic improvements. This review provides brief overviews of EPNs’ biology and ecology from the standpoint of pest/pathogen management as a prerequisite for EPN improvements. Understanding the biology and ecology of EPNs, particularly their symbiotic relationships with bacteria, is crucial to their effective use in pest management. This review provides relevant insights into EPN-symbiotic bacteria and the EPN–symbiont complex. The symbiotic relationship between EPNs and bacteria plays a key role in IPM, providing unique advantages. Either of them can be included in mechanisms underlying the various positive sides of plant–insect interactions in emerging integrated pest management (IPM) systems. Recent approaches, in which EPNs can act additively or synergistically with other production inputs in IPM programs, are discussed for further expansion. The simultaneous favorable effects of EPNs and/or their mutualistic bacteria on several pest/pathogen species of crops should be identified. Merits, such as the rapid killing of insect pests, ease of EPN/the symbiont’s mass production and a broad host range, are presented in order to widely disseminate the conditions under which EPN usage can offer a cost-effective and/or value-added technique for IPM. To maximize the effectiveness of EPNs in IPM, various genetic improvement techniques are being explored. Such techniques, along with their merits/demerits and related tools, are reviewed to optimize the common biocontrol usage of EPNs. Examples of genetic improvements to EPNs that allow for their use in transformational technology, such as a cost-effective application technique, increased infectivity, and toleration of unfavorable settings, are given. Proper production practices and genetic techniques should be applied carefully to avoid undesirable results; it is suggested that these are considered on a case-by-case basis. This will enable us to optimize EPN performance based on the given variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfouz M. M. Abd-Elgawad
- Plant Pathology Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, El-Behooth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Lalitha K, Nithya K, Bharathi BG, Venkatesan S, Shivakumar MS. Long-term storage does not affect the infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes on insect hosts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 107:419-431. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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8
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Guru Bharathi B, Lalitha K, Shivakumar MS. Biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles using symbiotic bacterium Xenorhabdus sp, isolated from entomopathogenic nematode and its antimicrobial and insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2022.2078359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kandhasamy Lalitha
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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Biopesticide Encapsulation Using Supercritical CO 2: A Comprehensive Review and Potential Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134003. [PMID: 34209179 PMCID: PMC8272144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As an alternative to synthetic pesticides, natural chemistries from living organisms, are not harmful to nontarget organisms and the environment, can be used as biopesticides, nontarget. However, to reduce the reactivity of active ingredients, avoid undesired reactions, protect from physical stress, and control or lower the release rate, encapsulation processes can be applied to biopesticides. In this review, the advantages and disadvantages of the most common encapsulation processes for biopesticides are discussed. The use of supercritical fluid technology (SFT), mainly carbon dioxide (CO2), to encapsulate biopesticides is highlighted, as they reduce the use of organic solvents, have simpler separation processes, and achieve high-purity particles. This review also presents challenges to be surpassed and the lack of application of SFT for biopesticides in the published literature is discussed to evaluate its potential and prospects.
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Zhang X, Li L, Kesner L, Robert CAM. Chemical host-seeking cues of entomopathogenic nematodes. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 44:72-81. [PMID: 33866041 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are obligate parasites that infect a broad range of insect species. Host-seeking is a crucial step for EPN infection success and survival. Yet, the identity and ecological functions of chemicals involved in host-seeking by EPNs remain overlooked. In this review, we report known CO2, plant-derived and insect-derived cues shaping EPN host-seeking and recognition. Despite species-specific response to environmental cues, we highlight a hierarchical integration of chemicals by EPNs. We further emphasize the impact of EPN selection pressure, age, and experience on their responsiveness to infochemicals. Finally, we feature that EPN chemical ecology can translate into powerful sustainable strategies to control insect herbivores in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lucie Kesner
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Aurélie Maud Robert
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Falkenplatz 16, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Paddock KJ, Robert CAM, Erb M, Hibbard BE. Western Corn Rootworm, Plant and Microbe Interactions: A Review and Prospects for New Management Tools. INSECTS 2021; 12:171. [PMID: 33671118 PMCID: PMC7922318 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is resistant to four separate classes of traditional insecticides, all Bacillius thuringiensis (Bt) toxins currently registered for commercial use, crop rotation, innate plant resistance factors, and even double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting essential genes via environmental RNA interference (RNAi), which has not been sold commercially to date. Clearly, additional tools are needed as management options. In this review, we discuss the state-of-the-art knowledge about biotic factors influencing herbivore success, including host location and recognition, plant defensive traits, plant-microbe interactions, and herbivore-pathogens/predator interactions. We then translate this knowledge into potential new management tools and improved biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Paddock
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Christelle A. M. Robert
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland; (C.A.M.R.); (M.E.)
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland; (C.A.M.R.); (M.E.)
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bruce E. Hibbard
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Feldmann F, Vogler U. Towards sustainable performance of urban horticulture: ten challenging fields of action for modern integrated pest management in cities. JOURNAL OF PLANT DISEASES AND PROTECTION : SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE GERMAN PHYTOMEDICAL SOCIETY (DPG) 2021; 128:55-66. [PMID: 32983272 PMCID: PMC7508240 DOI: 10.1007/s41348-020-00379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We identified ten current key challenges for plant protection in cities each of them belonging to a specific field of action of IPM in urban horticulture according to Directive 2009/128/EC. The challenges are: appropriate plant selection, microbiome engineering, nutrient recycling, smart, digital solutions, diversification of vegetation, avoidance of pesticide side effects on beneficials, biorational efficacy assessment, effective pest diagnosis, efficient outbreak control and holistic approaches. They are discussed on the background of the defined urban horticultural core sectors (a) public green infrastructure, including professional plant care, (b) professional field and greenhouse production systems and (c) non-professional private homegardens and allotments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falko Feldmann
- Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Gartenbau und Forst – Julius Kühn-Institut, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ute Vogler
- Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Gartenbau und Forst – Julius Kühn-Institut, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
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13
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Cabrera Walsh G, Ávila CJ, Cabrera N, Nava DE, de Sene Pinto A, Weber DC. Biology and Management of Pest Diabrotica Species in South America. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11070421. [PMID: 32650377 PMCID: PMC7411984 DOI: 10.3390/insects11070421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The genus Diabrotica has over 400 described species, the majority of them neotropical. However, only three species of neotropical Diabrotica are considered agricultural pests: D. speciosa, D. balteata, and D. viridula. D. speciosa and D. balteata are polyphagous both as adults and during the larval stage. D. viridula are stenophagous during the larval stage, feeding essentially on maize roots, and polyphagous as adults. The larvae of the three species are pests on maize, but D. speciosa larvae also feed on potatoes and peanuts, while D. balteata larvae feed on beans and peanuts. None of these species express a winter/dry season egg diapause, displaying instead several continuous, latitude-mediated generations per year. This hinders the use of crop rotation as a management tool, although early planting can help in the temperate regions of the distribution of D. speciosa. The parasitoids of adults, Celatoria bosqi and Centistes gasseni, do not exert much control on Diabrotica populations, or show potential for inundative biocontrol plans. Management options are limited to insecticide applications and Bt genetically modified (GM) maize. Other techniques that show promise are products using Beauveria bassiana and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, semiochemical attractants for monitoring purposes or as toxic baits, and plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Cabrera Walsh
- ARS-SABCL/FuEDEI (Foundation for the Study of Invasive Species), Hurlingham B1686EFA, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-11-4452-4838
| | - Crébio J. Ávila
- EMBRAPA Agropecuaria Oeste, Dourados, Mato Grosso de Sul Caixa-postal 449, Brazil;
| | - Nora Cabrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1900FWA, Argentina;
| | - Dori E. Nava
- EMBRAPA Clima Temperado, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Caixa-Postal 403, Brazil;
| | | | - Donald C. Weber
- USDA-ARS Invasive Insect Biocontrol & Behavior Laboratory, Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 10300, USA;
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Bruno P, Machado RAR, Glauser G, Köhler A, Campos-Herrera R, Bernal J, Toepfer S, Erb M, Robert CAM, Arce CCM, Turlings TCJ. Entomopathogenic nematodes from Mexico that can overcome the resistance mechanisms of the western corn rootworm. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8257. [PMID: 32427834 PMCID: PMC7237494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural enemies of herbivores are expected to adapt to the defence strategies of their preys or hosts. Such adaptations may also include their capacity to cope with plant metabolites that herbivores sequester as a defence. In this study, we evaluated the ability of Mexican entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) to resist benzoxazinoids that are sequestered from maize roots by the western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), an important maize pest in America and Europe. From maize fields throughout Mexico, we retrieved 40 EPN isolates belonging to five different species, with a majority identified as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. In the laboratory, all nematodes readily infected non-sequestering larvae of the banded cucumber beetle (D. balteata), while infectivity varied strongly for WCR larvae. While some H. bacteriophora isolates seemed negatively affected by benzoxazinoids, most showed to be resistant. Thus, EPN from Mexican maize fields can cope with these plant defence metabolites, but the results also indicate that WCR larvae possess other mechanisms that help to resist EPN. This work contributes to a better understanding of the capacity of herbivore natural enemies to resist plant defence metabolites. Furthermore, it identifies several benzoxazinoid-resistant EPN isolates that may be used to control this important maize pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Bruno
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, University of Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Angela Köhler
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, University of Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Raquel Campos-Herrera
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Universidad de La Rioja, CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Julio Bernal
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA
| | - Stefan Toepfer
- CABI, c/o Plant Protection and Soil Conservation Directorate, Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Carla C M Arce
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, University of Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Ted C J Turlings
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, University of Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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