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Yuan S, Che Y, Wang Z, Xing K, Xie X, Chen Y. Mitochondrion-targeted carboxymethyl chitosan hybrid nanoparticles loaded with Coenzyme Q10 protect cardiac grafts against cold ischaemia‒reperfusion injury in heart transplantation. J Transl Med 2023; 21:925. [PMID: 38124174 PMCID: PMC10734076 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart transplantation (HT) has been approved as an optimal therapeutic regimen for patients with terminal-stage cardiac failure. However, cold ischaemia‒reperfusion (I/R) injury remains an unavoidable and outstanding challenge, which is a major factor in early graft dysfunction and an obstacle to long-term survival in HT. Cold I/R injury induces cardiac graft injury by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction and augmenting free radical production and inflammatory responses. We therefore designed a mitochondrion-targeted nanocarrier loaded with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) (CoQ10@TNPs) for treatment of cold I/R injury after cardiac graft in a murine heterotopic cardiac transplantation model. METHODS Hybrid nanoparticles composed of CaCO3/CaP/biotinylated-carboxymethylchitosan (CaCO3/CaP/BCMC) were synthesized using the coprecipitation method, and the mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide SS31 was incorporated onto the surface of the hybrid nanoparticles through biotin-avidin interactions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis were used for characterisation. In vitro, the hypoxia-reoxygenation model of H9c2 cells was employed to replicate in vivo cold I/R injury and treated with CoQ10@TNPs. The impact of CoQ10@TNPs on H9c2 cell injury was assessed by analysis of oxidative damage and apoptosis. In vivo, donor hearts (DHs) were perfused with preservation solution containing CoQ10@TNPs and stored in vitro at 4 °C for 12 h. The DHs were heterotopically transplanted and analysed for graft function, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and inflammatory markers 1 day post-transplantation. RESULTS CoQ10@TNPs were successfully synthesized and delivered CoQ10 to the mitochondria of the cold ischaemic myocardium. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CoQ10@TNPs was taken up by H9c2 cells at 4 °C and localized within the mitochondria, thus ameliorating oxidative stress damage and mitochondrial injury in cold I/R injury. In vivo experiments showed that CoQ10@TNPs accumulated in DH tissue at 4 °C, localized within the mitochondria during cold storage and improved cardiac graft function by attenuating mitochondrial oxidative injury and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS CoQ10@TNPs can precisely deliver CoQ10 to the mitochondria of cold I/R-injured cardiomyocytes to effectively eliminate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), thus reducing oxidative injury and inflammatory reactions in cold I/R-injured graft tissues and finally improving heart graft function. Thus, CoQ10@TNPs offer an effective approach for safeguarding cardiac grafts against extended periods of cold ischaemia, emphasizing the therapeutic potential in mitigating cold I/R injury during HT. These findings present an opportunity to enhance existing results following HT and broaden the range of viable grafts for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238# Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanjia Che
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238# Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238# Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai Xing
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238# Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238# Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238# Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Pallotti F, Bergamini C, Lamperti C, Fato R. The Roles of Coenzyme Q in Disease: Direct and Indirect Involvement in Cellular Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:128. [PMID: 35008564 PMCID: PMC8745647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a key component of the respiratory chain of all eukaryotic cells. Its function is closely related to mitochondrial respiration, where it acts as an electron transporter. However, the cellular functions of coenzyme Q are multiple: it is present in all cell membranes, limiting the toxic effect of free radicals, it is a component of LDL, it is involved in the aging process, and its deficiency is linked to several diseases. Recently, it has been proposed that coenzyme Q contributes to suppressing ferroptosis, a type of iron-dependent programmed cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation. In this review, we report the latest hypotheses and theories analyzing the multiple functions of coenzyme Q. The complete knowledge of the various cellular CoQ functions is essential to provide a rational basis for its possible therapeutic use, not only in diseases characterized by primary CoQ deficiency, but also in large number of diseases in which its secondary deficiency has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pallotti
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi dell’Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- SSD Laboratorio Analisi-SMEL Specializzato in Citogenetica e Genetica Medica, ASST Settelaghi-Ospedale di Circolo-Fondazione Macchi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, FABIT, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- UO Genetica Medica e Neurogenetica Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Romana Fato
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, FABIT, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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3
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Liu Z, Li Y, Li C, Yu L, Chang Y, Qu M. Delivery of coenzyme Q10 with mitochondria-targeted nanocarrier attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112536. [PMID: 34857313 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury causes high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. I/R induces acute kidney injury through exacerbating the mitochondrial damage and increasing inflammatory and oxidative responses. Here, we developed the mitochondria-targeted nanocarrier to delivery of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) for renal I/R treatment in animal model. The mitochondria-targeted TPP CoQ10 nanoparticles (T-NPCoQ10) were synthesized through ABC miktoarm polymers method and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The I/R mouse model and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (D/R) model were created to examine the role of T-NPCoQ10 on renal I/R. Mitochondrial DNA damage, apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokines were measured in I/R injury mice. Plasma creatinine, urea nitrogen, tubular injury score was tested to assess the renal function. T-NPCoQ10 nanoparticles could be delivered to renal mitochondria preciously and efficiently. T-NPCoQ10 administration attenuated oxidative injury in both cell and animal models significantly, alleviated mtDNA damage, suppressed inflammatory and apoptotic responses, and improved renal function. The mitochondria specific CoQ10 delivery provided a precious and efficient method for protecting inflammatory and oxidative responses of I/R-induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Yulin Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Min Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
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4
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Mitochondrial Coenzyme Q10 Determination Via Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography -Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34118048 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1262-0_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain . Here, we describe an accurate and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for determination of mitochondrial CoQ10 in isolated mitochondria . In the assay, mitochondrial suspensions are spiked with CoQ10-[2H9] internal standard (IS), extracted with organic solvents and CoQ10 quantified by LC-MS/MS using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM).
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Navas P, Cascajo MV, Alcázar-Fabra M, Hernández-Camacho JD, Sánchez-Cuesta A, Rodríguez ABC, Ballesteros-Simarro M, Arroyo-Luque A, Rodríguez-Aguilera JC, Fernández-Ayala DJM, Brea-Calvo G, López-Lluch G, Santos-Ocaña C. Secondary CoQ 10 deficiency, bioenergetics unbalance in disease and aging. Biofactors 2021; 47:551-569. [PMID: 33878238 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) deficiency is a rare disease characterized by a decreased accumulation of CoQ10 in cell membranes. Considering that CoQ10 synthesis and most of its functions are carried out in mitochondria, CoQ10 deficiency cases are usually considered a mitochondrial disease. A relevant feature of CoQ10 deficiency is that it is the only mitochondrial disease with a successful therapy available, the CoQ10 supplementation. Defects in components of the synthesis machinery caused by mutations in COQ genes generate the primary deficiency of CoQ10 . Mutations in genes that are not directly related to the synthesis machinery cause secondary deficiency. Cases of CoQ10 deficiency without genetic origin are also considered a secondary deficiency. Both types of deficiency can lead to similar clinical manifestations, but the knowledge about primary deficiency is deeper than secondary. However, secondary deficiency cases may be underestimated since many of their clinical manifestations are shared with other pathologies. This review shows the current state of secondary CoQ10 deficiency, which could be even more relevant than primary deficiency for clinical activity. The analysis covers the fundamental features of CoQ10 deficiency, which are necessary to understand the biological and clinical differences between primary and secondary CoQ10 deficiencies. Further, a more in-depth analysis of CoQ10 secondary deficiency was undertaken to consider its origins, introduce a new way of classification, and include aging as a form of secondary deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María V Cascajo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan D Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Cuesta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Cortés Rodríguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Celular y Bioenergética, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Ballesteros-Simarro
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Arroyo-Luque
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Celular y Bioenergética, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel J M Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Alcázar-Fabra M, Rodríguez-Sánchez F, Trevisson E, Brea-Calvo G. Primary Coenzyme Q deficiencies: A literature review and online platform of clinical features to uncover genotype-phenotype correlations. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:141-180. [PMID: 33677064 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary Coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiencies are clinically heterogeneous conditions and lack clear genotype-phenotype correlations, complicating diagnosis and prognostic assessment. Here we present a compilation of all the symptoms and patients with primary CoQ deficiency described in the literature so far and analyse the most common clinical manifestations associated with pathogenic variants identified in the different COQ genes. In addition, we identified new associations between the age of onset of symptoms and different pathogenic variants, which could help to a better diagnosis and guided treatment. To make these results useable for clinicians, we created an online platform (https://coenzymeQbiology.github.io/clinic-CoQ-deficiency) about clinical manifestations of primary CoQ deficiency that will be periodically updated to incorporate new information published in the literature. Since CoQ primary deficiency is a rare disease, the available data are still limited, but as new patients are added over time, this tool could become a key resource for a more efficient diagnosis of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | | | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, 35128, Italy.
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, 41013, Spain.
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7
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Zhang Y, Liao X, Jiang Y, Lv X, Yu Y, Dai Q, Ao L, Tao L, Peng Z. Urinary coenzyme Q10 as a diagnostic biomarker and predictor of remission in a patient with ADCK4-associated Glomerulopathy: a case report. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:11. [PMID: 33413146 PMCID: PMC7791994 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AarF domain-containing kinase 4 (ADCK4)-associated glomerulopathy is a mitochondrial nephropathy caused by mutations in the ADCK4 gene, which disrupt coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of a 25-year-old female patient with ADCK4-associated glomerulopathy presenting with proteinuria (and with no additional systemic symptoms). A known missense substitution c.737G > A (p.S246N) and a novel frameshift c.577-600del (p.193-200del) mutation were found. We followed the patient for 24 months during supplementation with coenzyme Q10 (20 mg/kg/d - 30 mg/kg/d) and describe the clinical course. In addition, we measured serum and urine coenzyme Q10 levels before and after coenzyme Q10 supplementation and compared them with those of healthy control subjects. The patient's urinary coenzyme Q10 to creatinine ratio was higher than that of healthy controls before coenzyme Q10 supplementation, but decreased consistently with proteinuria after coenzyme Q10 supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Although the use of urinary coenzyme Q10 as a diagnostic biomarker and predictor of clinical remission in patients with ADCK4-associated glomerulopathy should be confirmed by larger studies, we recommend measuring urinary coenzyme Q10 in patients with isolated proteinuria of unknown cause, since it may provide a diagnostic clue to mitochondrial nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohua Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yupeng Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Liyun Ao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lijian Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhangzhe Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Schijvens AM, van de Kar NC, Bootsma-Robroeks CM, Cornelissen EA, van den Heuvel LP, Schreuder MF. Mitochondrial Disease and the Kidney With a Special Focus on CoQ 10 Deficiency. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:2146-2159. [PMID: 33305107 PMCID: PMC7710892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial cytopathies include a heterogeneous group of diseases that are characterized by impaired oxidative phosphorylation, leading to multi-organ involvement and progressive clinical deterioration. Most mitochondrial cytopathies that cause kidney symptoms are characterized by tubular defects, but glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and cystic diseases have also been described. Mitochondrial cytopathies can result from mitochondrial or nuclear DNA mutations. Early recognition of defects in the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis is important, as patients with primary CoQ10 deficiency may be responsive to treatment with oral CoQ10 supplementation, in contrast to most mitochondrial diseases. A literature search was conducted to investigate kidney involvement in genetic mitochondrial cytopathies and to identify mitochondrial and nuclear DNA mutations involved in mitochondrial kidney disease. Furthermore, we identified all reported cases to date with a CoQ10 deficiency with glomerular involvement, including 3 patients with variable renal phenotypes in our clinic. To date, 144 patients from 95 families with a primary CoQ10 deficiency and glomerular involvement have been described based on mutations in PDSS1, PDSS2, COQ2, COQ6, and COQ8B/ADCK4. This review provides an overview of kidney involvement in genetic mitochondrial cytopathies with a special focus on CoQ10 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Schijvens
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole C. van de Kar
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M. Bootsma-Robroeks
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A. Cornelissen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lambertus P. van den Heuvel
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Development and Regeneration,University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel F. Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Morris G, Puri BK, Olive L, Carvalho A, Berk M, Walder K, Gustad LT, Maes M. Endothelial dysfunction in neuroprogressive disorders-causes and suggested treatments. BMC Med 2020; 18:305. [PMID: 33070778 PMCID: PMC7570030 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01749-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential routes whereby systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may drive the development of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, even in an environment of low cholesterol, are examined. MAIN TEXT Key molecular players involved in the regulation of endothelial cell function are described, including PECAM-1, VE-cadherin, VEGFRs, SFK, Rho GEF TRIO, RAC-1, ITAM, SHP-2, MAPK/ERK, STAT-3, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, eNOS, nitric oxide, miRNAs, KLF-4 and KLF-2. The key roles of platelet activation, xanthene oxidase and myeloperoxidase in the genesis of endothelial cell dysfunction and activation are detailed. The following roles of circulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the development of endothelial cell dysfunction are then described: paracrine signalling by circulating hydrogen peroxide, inhibition of eNOS and increased levels of mitochondrial ROS, including compromised mitochondrial dynamics, loss of calcium ion homeostasis and inactivation of SIRT-1-mediated signalling pathways. Next, loss of cellular redox homeostasis is considered, including further aspects of the roles of hydrogen peroxide signalling, the pathological consequences of elevated NF-κB, compromised S-nitrosylation and the development of hypernitrosylation and increased transcription of atherogenic miRNAs. These molecular aspects are then applied to neuroprogressive disorders by considering the following potential generators of endothelial dysfunction and activation in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: NF-κB; platelet activation; atherogenic miRs; myeloperoxidase; xanthene oxidase and uric acid; and inflammation, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Finally, on the basis of the above molecular mechanisms, details are given of potential treatment options for mitigating endothelial cell dysfunction and activation in neuroprogressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Lisa Olive
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Andre Carvalho
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ken Walder
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lise Tuset Gustad
- Department of Circulation and medical imaging, Norwegian University of Technology and Science (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Paredes-Fuentes AJ, Montero R, Codina A, Jou C, Fernández G, Maynou J, Santos-Ocaña C, Riera J, Navas P, Drobnic F, Artuch R. Coenzyme Q 10 Treatment Monitoring in Different Human Biological Samples. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100979. [PMID: 33066002 PMCID: PMC7601005 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) treatment monitoring is a matter of debate since CoQ distribution from plasma to blood cells and tissues is not fully understood. We aimed to analyze the CoQ levels in a wide set of human biological samples (plasma, blood mononuclear cells (BMCs), platelets, urinary cells, and skeletal muscle) from a group of 11 healthy male runners before and after CoQ supplementation. The CoQ content in the different samples was analyzed by HPLC coupled to electrochemical detection. No significant differences were observed in the CoQ levels measured in the BMCs, platelets, and urine after the one-month treatment period. Plasma CoQ (expressed in absolute values and values relative to total cholesterol) significantly increased after CoQ supplementation (p = 0.003 in both cases), and the increase in CoQ in muscle approached significance (p = 0.074). CoQ levels were increased in the plasma of all supplemented subjects, and muscle CoQ levels were increased in 8 out of 10 supplemented subjects. In conclusion, the analysis of CoQ in plasma samples seems to be the best surrogate biomarker for CoQ treatment monitoring. Moreover, oral CoQ administration was effective for increasing muscle CoQ concentrations in most subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J. Paredes-Fuentes
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.P.-F.); (R.M.)
| | - Raquel Montero
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.P.-F.); (R.M.)
| | - Anna Codina
- Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (A.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Cristina Jou
- Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (A.C.); (C.J.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.S.-O.); (P.N.)
| | - Guerau Fernández
- Molecular Genetics Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (J.M.)
| | - Joan Maynou
- Molecular Genetics Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (J.M.)
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.S.-O.); (P.N.)
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Carretera de Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joan Riera
- Sport Nutrition and Physiology Department, Olympic Training Center, CAR-GIRSANE, Avinguda de l’Alcalde Barnils, 3, 08173 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain; (J.R.); (F.D.)
| | - Plácido Navas
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.S.-O.); (P.N.)
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Carretera de Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Sport Nutrition and Physiology Department, Olympic Training Center, CAR-GIRSANE, Avinguda de l’Alcalde Barnils, 3, 08173 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain; (J.R.); (F.D.)
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.P.-F.); (R.M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.S.-O.); (P.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Fernández-Del-Río L, Kelly ME, Contreras J, Bradley MC, James AM, Murphy MP, Payne GS, Clarke CF. Genes and lipids that impact uptake and assimilation of exogenous coenzyme Q in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 154:105-118. [PMID: 32387128 PMCID: PMC7611304 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential player in the respiratory electron transport chain and is the only lipid-soluble antioxidant synthesized endogenously in mammalian and yeast cells. In humans, genetic mutations, pathologies, certain medical treatments, and aging, result in CoQ deficiencies, which are linked to mitochondrial, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. The only strategy available for these patients is CoQ supplementation. CoQ supplements benefit a small subset of patients, but the poor solubility of CoQ greatly limits treatment efficacy. Consequently, the efficient delivery of CoQ to the mitochondria and restoration of respiratory function remains a major challenge. A better understanding of CoQ uptake and mitochondrial delivery is crucial to make this molecule a more efficient and effective therapeutic tool. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of CoQ uptake and distribution using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism. The addition of exogenous CoQ was tested for the ability to restore growth on non-fermentable medium in several strains that lack CoQ synthesis (coq mutants). Surprisingly, we discovered that the presence of CoQ biosynthetic intermediates impairs assimilation of CoQ into a functional respiratory chain in yeast cells. Moreover, a screen of 40 gene deletions considered to be candidates to prevent exogenous CoQ from rescuing growth of the CoQ-less coq2Δ mutant, identified six novel genes (CDC10, RTS1, RVS161, RVS167, VPS1, and NAT3) as necessary for efficient trafficking of CoQ to mitochondria. The proteins encoded by these genes represent essential steps in the pathways responsible for transport of exogenously supplied CoQ to its functional sites in the cell, and definitively associate CoQ distribution with endocytosis and intracellular vesicular trafficking pathways conserved from yeast to human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Fernández-Del-Río
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Miranda E Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jaime Contreras
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Michelle C Bradley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Gregory S Payne
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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12
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Berardo A, Quinzii CM. Redefining infantile-onset multisystem phenotypes of coenzyme Q 10-deficiency in the next-generation sequencing era. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL GENETICS AND GENOMICS 2020; 4:22-35. [PMID: 33426503 PMCID: PMC7791541 DOI: 10.20517/jtgg.2020.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency encompasses a subset of mitochondrial diseases caused by mutations affecting proteins involved in the CoQ10 biosynthetic pathway. One of the most frequent clinical syndromes associated with primary CoQ10 deficiency is the severe infantile multisystemic form, which, until recently, was underdiagnosed. In the last few years, the availability of genetic screening through whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing has enabled molecular diagnosis in a growing number of patients with this syndrome and has revealed new disease phenotypes and molecular defects in CoQ10 biosynthetic pathway genes. Early genetic screening can rapidly and non-invasively diagnose primary CoQ10 deficiencies. Early diagnosis is particularly important in cases of CoQ10 deficient steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, which frequently improves with treatment. In contrast, the infantile multisystemic forms of CoQ10 deficiency, particularly when manifesting with encephalopathy, present therapeutic challenges, due to poor responses to CoQ10 supplementation. Administration of CoQ10 biosynthetic intermediate compounds is a promising alternative to CoQ10; however, further pre-clinical studies are needed to establish their safety and efficacy, as well as to elucidate the mechanism of actions of the intermediates. Here, we review the molecular defects causes of the multisystemic infantile phenotype of primary CoQ10 deficiency, genotype-phenotype correlations, and recent therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Berardo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Hosseini SA, Zahrooni N, Ahmadzadeh A, Ahmadiangali K, Assarehzadegan MA. The Effect of CoQ 10 Supplementation on Quality of Life in Women with Breast Cancer Undergoing Tamoxifen Therapy: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:151-159. [PMID: 32110123 PMCID: PMC7039424 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s241431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Survival rates among breast cancer patients and the number of patients living with treatment side effects have improved, leading to increased focus on quality of life (QOL). The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of CoQ10 on QOL scores among breast cancer patients in Iranian undergoing tamoxifen therapy. Methods Thirty breast cancer patients were randomized into two groups. The first group received 100 mg CoQ10, and the second group took fplacebo once a day for 8 weeks. QOL was evaluated by a standard QOL questionnaire and a specific questionnaire on QOL of breast cancer patients at baseline and the end of the study. Also, physical activity of patients was assessed with the IPAQ questionnaire and dietary intake determined by a 3-day dietary record. Results The data of 30 subjects were analyzed. According to QOL C30 data, CoQ10 led to a significant increase in physical functioning (P=0.029), emotional functioning (P=0.031), and cognitive functioning (P=0.023) compared to placebo. Symptom scales revealed a notable reduction in appetite loss in the first group (P=0.01). Global health status showed no significant changes in either study arm. On the QOL BR23, progress in functions and decline in symptoms were not statistically significant. Arm symptoms showed significant reduction (P=0.022) in patients that received placebo. Conclusion This trial indicates that CoQ10 supplementation has effects in ameliorating some dimensions of QOL in breast cancer patients. To generalize the results, larger and longer intervention studies are needed. Clinical Trial Registration IRCT2015042021874N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Zahrooni
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadzadeh
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kambiz Ahmadiangali
- Biostatistics Division, Health School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Assarehzadegan
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Ling TK, Law CY, Yan KW, Fong NC, Wong KC, Lee KL, Chu WCW, Brea-Calvo G, Lam CW. Clinical whole-exome sequencing reveals a common pathogenic variant in patients with CoQ10 deficiency: An underdiagnosed cause of mitochondriopathy. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 497:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Miniaturized imprinted solid phase extraction to the selective analysis of Coenzyme Q10 in urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1116:24-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Primary Coenzyme Q deficiency Due to Novel ADCK3 Variants, Studies in Fibroblasts and Review of Literature. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2372-2384. [PMID: 30968303 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary deficiency of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ubiquinone), is classified as a mitochondrial respiratory chain disorder with phenotypic variability. The clinical manifestation may involve one or multiple tissue with variable severity and presentation may range from infancy to late onset. ADCK3 gene mutations are responsible for the most frequent form of hereditary CoQ10 deficiency (Q10 deficiency-4 OMIM #612016) which is mainly associated with autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia (ARCA2, SCAR9). Here we provide the clinical, biochemical and genetic investigation for unrelated three nuclear families presenting an autosomal form of Spino-Cerebellar Ataxia due to novel mutations in the ADCK3 gene. Using next generation sequence technology we identified a homozygous Gln343Ter mutation in one family with severe, early onset of the disease and compound heterozygous mutations of Gln343Ter and Ser608Phe in two other families with variable manifestations. Biochemical investigation in fibroblasts showed decreased activity of the CoQ dependent mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme succinate cytochrome c reductase (complex II + III). Exogenous CoQ slightly improved enzymatic activity, ATP production and decreased oxygen free radicals in some of the patient's cells. Our results are presented in comparison to previously reported mutations and expanding the clinical, molecular and biochemical spectrum of ADCK3 related CoQ10 deficiencies.
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Louw R, Smuts I, Wilsenach KL, Jonck LM, Schoonen M, van der Westhuizen FH. The dilemma of diagnosing coenzyme Q 10 deficiency in muscle. Mol Genet Metab 2018. [PMID: 29530532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an important component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) and is critical for energy production. Although the prevalence of CoQ10 deficiency is still unknown, the general consensus is that the condition is under-diagnosed. The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate CoQ10 deficiency in frozen muscle specimens in a cohort of ethnically diverse patients who received muscle biopsies for the investigation of a possible RC deficiency (RCD). METHODS Muscle samples were homogenized whereby 600 ×g supernatants were used to analyze RC enzyme activities, followed by quantification of CoQ10 by stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The experimental group consisted of 156 patients of which 76 had enzymatically confirmed RCDs. To further assist in the diagnosis of CoQ10 deficiency in this cohort, we included sequencing of 18 selected nuclear genes involved with CoQ10 biogenesis in 26 patients with low CoQ10 concentration in muscle samples. RESULTS Central 95% reference intervals (RI) were established for CoQ10 normalized to citrate synthase (CS) or protein. Nine patients were considered CoQ10 deficient when expressed against CS, while 12 were considered deficient when expressed against protein. In two of these patients the molecular genetic cause could be confirmed, of which one would not have been identified as CoQ10 deficient if expressed only against protein content. CONCLUSION In this retrospective study, we report a central 95% reference interval for 600 ×g muscle supernatants prepared from frozen samples. The study reiterates the importance of including CoQ10 quantification as part of a diagnostic approach to study mitochondrial disease as it may complement respiratory chain enzyme assays with the possible identification of patients that may benefit from CoQ10 supplementation. However, the anomaly that only a few patients were identified as CoQ10 deficient against both markers (CS and protein), while the majority of patients where only CoQ10 deficient against one of the markers (and not the other), remains problematic. We therefore conclude from our data that, to prevent possibly not diagnosing a potential CoQ10 deficiency, the expression of CoQ10 levels in muscle on both CS as well as protein content should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roan Louw
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Izelle Smuts
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kimmey-Li Wilsenach
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lindi-Maryn Jonck
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Maryke Schoonen
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Clinical syndromes associated with Coenzyme Q10 deficiency. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:377-398. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary Coenzyme Q deficiencies represent a group of rare conditions caused by mutations in one of the genes required in its biosynthetic pathway at the enzymatic or regulatory level. The associated clinical manifestations are highly heterogeneous and mainly affect central and peripheral nervous system, kidney, skeletal muscle and heart. Genotype–phenotype correlations are difficult to establish, mainly because of the reduced number of patients and the large variety of symptoms. In addition, mutations in the same COQ gene can cause different clinical pictures. Here, we present an updated and comprehensive review of the clinical manifestations associated with each of the pathogenic variants causing primary CoQ deficiencies.
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Hargreaves IP. Biochemical Assessment and Monitoring of Mitochondrial Disease. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7040066. [PMID: 29596310 PMCID: PMC5920440 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iain P Hargreaves
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 5UA, UK.
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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