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Shashikumar U, Saraswat A, Deshmukh K, Hussain CM, Chandra P, Tsai PC, Huang PC, Chen YH, Ke LY, Lin YC, Chawla S, Ponnusamy VK. Innovative technologies for the fabrication of 3D/4D smart hydrogels and its biomedical applications - A comprehensive review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 328:103163. [PMID: 38749384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Repairing and regenerating damaged tissues or organs, and restoring their functioning has been the ultimate aim of medical innovations. 'Reviving healthcare' blends tissue engineering with alternative techniques such as hydrogels, which have emerged as vital tools in modern medicine. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a practical manufacturing revolution that uses building strategies like molding as a viable solution for precise hydrogel manufacturing. Recent advances in this technology have led to the successful manufacturing of hydrogels with enhanced reproducibility, accuracy, precision, and ease of fabrication. Hydrogels continue to metamorphose as the vital compatible bio-ink matrix for AM. AM hydrogels have paved the way for complex 3D/4D hydrogels that can be loaded with drugs or cells. Bio-mimicking 3D cell cultures designed via hydrogel-based AM is a groundbreaking in-vivo assessment tool in biomedical trials. This brief review focuses on preparations and applications of additively manufactured hydrogels in the biomedical spectrum, such as targeted drug delivery, 3D-cell culture, numerous regenerative strategies, biosensing, bioprinting, and cancer therapies. Prevalent AM techniques like extrusion, inkjet, digital light processing, and stereo-lithography have been explored with their setup and methodology to yield functional hydrogels. The perspectives, limitations, and the possible prospects of AM hydrogels have been critically examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Shashikumar
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Aditya Saraswat
- Department of Chemistry, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, UP, India
| | - Kalim Deshmukh
- New Technologies - Research Centre University of West Bohemia Univerzitní 2732/8, 30100, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital (CMUH), China Medical University (CMU), Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsun Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-Yin Ke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chung Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan.
| | - Shashi Chawla
- Department of Chemistry, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, UP, India.
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan.
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Mehta JM, Hiremath SC, Chilimba C, Ghasemi A, Weaver JD. Translation of cell therapies to treat autoimmune disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 205:115161. [PMID: 38142739 PMCID: PMC10843859 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are a diverse and complex set of chronic disorders with a substantial impact on patient quality of life and a significant global healthcare burden. Current approaches to autoimmune disease treatment comprise broadly acting immunosuppressive drugs that lack disease specificity, possess limited efficacy, and confer undesirable side effects. Additionally, there are limited treatments available to restore organs and tissues damaged during the course of autoimmune disease progression. Cell therapies are an emergent area of therapeutics with the potential to address both autoimmune disease immune dysfunction as well as autoimmune disease-damaged tissue and organ systems. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of common autoimmune disorders and the state-of-the-art in cell therapy approaches to (1) regenerate or replace autoimmune disease-damaged tissue and (2) eliminate pathological immune responses in autoimmunity. Finally, we discuss critical considerations for the translation of cell products to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinal M Mehta
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Shivani C Hiremath
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Chishiba Chilimba
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Azin Ghasemi
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jessica D Weaver
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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Zheng X, Chen J, Liu J, Shi X, Li G, Shi Q, Zhang J, Li Y. The osteogenic effects of sappanchalcone in vitro and in vivo. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:84-93. [PMID: 37814383 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The utilization of natural products to enhance the function of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) has emerged as a popular area of research. Recent investigations have demonstrated that sappanchalcone (SC) possesses pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory and osteoprotective effects. This study aims to explore the impact of SC on the in vivo and in vitro osteogenic differentiation ability of PDLCs. MATERIALS Cell proliferation was quantified using the CCK-8 assay, while gene expression levels were assessed through qRT-PCR analysis. Osteoblast differentiation capacity was evaluated by employing Alizarin red staining (ARS), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and western blot (WB) analysis. A rat model of periodontitis was established utilizing the tether-wire method. Micro-CT imaging and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were employed to evaluate alveolar bone resorption. Masson's trichrome staining was utilized to observe fiber alignment, whereas immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques were applied for detecting osteogenic and inflammatory factors. RESULTS The results from the CCK-8 assay indicate no observed cytotoxicity for concentrations of 1, 5, or 10 nM for SC treatment (p < .05), while qRT-PCR analysis demonstrates a significant decrease in inflammatory factors such as MMP-1 and IL-6 with treatment by SC (p < .05). Additionally, western blotting reveals an increase in protein expression levels of Runx2 and OPN within PDLCs treated with SC compared to control groups (p < .05), which is further supported by ARS and ALP staining indicating an increase in mineralized nodules formation along with elevated ALP content within these cells following treatment with this compound (p < .05). Finally, both HE staining as well as micro-CT imaging suggest potential benefits associated with using this compound including slowing alveolar bone resorption while simultaneously promoting junctional epithelium proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that SC can effectively enhance the inflammatory response of PDLCs and promote their osteogenic differentiation ability under inflammatory conditions, indicating its potential as a promising therapeutic agent for improving periodontal inflammation and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zheng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Jingqiu Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoying Shi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
- Department of Prosthodontics Dentistry, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Prosthodontics Dentistry, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Qimeng Shi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China
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Kim JH, Lee HJ, Song HJ, Park JB. Impact of 17β-Estradiol on the Shape, Survival, Osteogenic Transformation, and mRNA Expression of Gingiva-Derived Stem Cell Spheroids. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 60:60. [PMID: 38256321 PMCID: PMC10817649 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Mesenchymal stem cells hold promise for tissue regeneration, given their robust growth and versatile differentiation capabilities. An analysis of bone marrow-sourced mesenchymal stem cell proliferation showed that 17β-estradiol could enhance their growth. This study aims to investigate the influence of 17β-estradiol on the shape, survival, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells. Materials and Methods: Spheroids made from human gingiva-derived stem cells were cultivated with varying concentrations of 17β-estradiol: 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 nM. Morphology was assessed on days 1, 3, and 5. The live/dead kit assay was employed on day 3 for qualitative cell viability, while cell counting kit-8 was used for quantitative viability assessments on days 1, 3, and 5. To evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of the spheroids, a real-time polymerase chain reaction assessed the expressions of RUNX2 and COL1A1 on day 7. Results: The stem cells formed cohesive spheroids, and the inclusion of 17β-estradiol did not noticeably alter their shape. The spheroid diameter remained consistent across concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 nM of 17β-estradiol. However, cellular viability was boosted with the addition of 1 and 10 nM of 17β-estradiol. The highest expression levels for RUNX2 and COL1A1 were observed with the introduction of 17β-estradiol at 0.1 nM. Conclusions: In conclusion, from the results obtained, it can be inferred that 17β-estradiol can be utilized for differentiating stem cell spheroids. Furthermore, the localized and controlled use, potentially through localized delivery systems or biomaterials, can be an area of active research. While 17β-estradiol holds promise for enhancing stem cell applications, any clinical use requires a thorough understanding of its mechanisms, careful control of its dosage and delivery, and extensive testing to ensure safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hwan Kim
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Hyun-Jin Lee
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Hye-Jung Song
- Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-J.L.)
- Dental Implantology, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Hajiali H, Rotherham M, El Haj AJ. Remote Activation of Mechanotransduction via Integrin Alpha-5 via Aptamer-Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles Promotes Osteogenesis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:21. [PMID: 38258032 PMCID: PMC10821094 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration and repair are complex processes in the adult skeleton, and current research has focused on understanding and controlling these processes. Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-based platforms have shown potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine through the use of magnetic nanomaterials combined with remotely applied dynamic fields. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of MNP-induced mechanoactivation to trigger downstream signaling and promote new bone formation. In this study, we aimed to compare the osteogenic induction achieved using the mechanoreceptor targets, Piezo1, Fzd1, Fzd2, and integrin alpha-5. We compared the binding efficacy of different types of agonists (antibodies vs. aptamers) to these receptors. Moreover, we optimized the aptamer concentration (2.5, 5, and 10 μg/mg) for the selected receptor to determine the optimum concentration for promoting bone formation. Our data demonstrated that the mechanoactivation of integrins (CD49e) significantly upregulated the RUNX2 and LEF1 genes compared to other selected receptors. Furthermore, comparing the mechanoactivation of cells using MNPs conjugated with CD49e antibodies and aptamers revealed that MNP-aptamers significantly enhanced the upregulation of LEF1 genes. This suggests that aptamer-mediated mechanoactivation is a promising alternative to antibody-mediated activation. Finally, our results showed that the concentration of the aptamer loaded onto the MNPs strongly influenced the mechanoactivation of the cells. These findings provide valuable insights into the use of MNP platforms for bone regeneration and highlight the potential of aptamers in promoting signaling pathways related to bone formation. The novelty of our study lies in elucidating the unique advantages of aptamers in mediating mechanoactivation, presenting a promising avenue for advancing bone regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Hajiali
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | | | - Alicia J. El Haj
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
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Chambers P, Ziminska M, Elkashif A, Wilson J, Redmond J, Tzagiollari A, Ferreira C, Balouch A, Bogle J, Donahue SW, Dunne NJ, McCarthy HO. The osteogenic and angiogenic potential of microRNA-26a delivered via a non-viral delivery peptide for bone repair. J Control Release 2023; 362:489-501. [PMID: 37673308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone-related injuries and diseases are among the most common causes of morbidity worldwide. Current bone-regenerative strategies such as auto- and allografts are invasive by nature, with adverse effects such as pain, infection and donor site morbidity. MicroRNA (miRNA) gene therapy has emerged as a promising area of research, with miRNAs capable of regulating multiple gene pathways simultaneously through the repression of post-transcriptional mRNAs. miR-26a is a key regulator of osteogenesis and has been found to be upregulated following bone injury, where it induces osteodifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and facilitates bone formation. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the amphipathic, cell-penetrating peptide RALA can efficiently deliver miR-26a to MSCs in vitro to regulate osteogenic signalling. Transfection with miR-26a significantly increased expression of osteogenic and angiogenic markers at both gene and protein level. Using a rat calvarial defect model with a critical size defect, RALA/miR-26a NPs were delivered via an injectable, thermo-responsive Cs-g-PNIPAAm hydrogel to assess the impact on both rate and quality of bone healing. Critical defects treated with the RALA/miR-26a nanoparticles (NPs) had significantly increased bone volume and bone mineral density at 8 weeks, with increased blood vessel formation and mechanical properties. This study highlights the utility of RALA to deliver miR-26a for the purpose of bone healing within an injectable biomaterial, warranting further investigation of dose-related efficacy of the therapeutic across a range of in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Chambers
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Monika Ziminska
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ahmed Elkashif
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jordan Wilson
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - John Redmond
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Antzela Tzagiollari
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Cole Ferreira
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - Auden Balouch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - Jasmine Bogle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - Seth W Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - Nicholas J Dunne
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Tian S, Li YL, Wang J, Dong RC, Wei J, Ma Y, Liu YQ. Chinese Ecliptae herba (Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.) extract and its component wedelolactone enhances osteoblastogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via targeting METTL3-mediated m6A RNA methylation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 312:116433. [PMID: 37004744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chinese Ecliptae herba (Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.) is an ethnomedicinal herb, which is used mainly to nourish kidney and thus strengthen bones according to traditional Chinese medicine theory. Pharmacological studies have supported the ethnomedicine use, showing that Ecliptae herba extract has an anti-osteoporotic effect in vivo and promoted osteoblast proliferation and activity in vitro. However, the molecular mechanism of Ecliptae herba on osteoblast differentiation from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC), the progenitors of osteoblasts, is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA epigenetic modification may play a key role in promoting osteoblastic differentiation, and thus treating osteoporosis. This study sought to assess the mechanism through which Eclipate herba and its component wedelolactone influence m6A modification during the process of osteoblastogenesis from BMSC. MATERIAL AND METHODS The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin red S (ARS) staining were applied to determine osteoblastogenesis from BMSC. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were performed. RNA sequencing analysis was used to determine the characteristics of m6A methylation. Stable knocking down of METTL3 using lentiviral-based shRNA was performed. RESULTS Upon 9 d treatment of BMSC with ethyl acetate extract of Ecliptae herba (MHL), ALP activity and ossification level increased in comparison with osteogenic medium (OS)-treated control. The expression of methyltransferase METTL3 and METTL14 was significantly increased, but WTAP expression had no change in response to MHL treatment. Knocking down of METTL3 resulted in a decrease in MHL-induced ALP activity, ossification level as well as mRNA expression of Osterix and Osteocalcin, two bone formation-related markers. The level of m6A increased when BMSC was treated with MHL for 9 d. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that MHL treatment altered mRNA m6A modification of genes associated with osteoblastogenesis. By kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, HIF-1α, PI3K/Akt, and Hippo signaling pathways were enriched and associated with m6A modification. The expression of m6A-modified genes including HIF-1α, VEGF-A, and RASSF1, was upregulated by MHL, but the upregulation was reversed after METTL3 knockdown. Additionally, the enhanced expression of METTL3 was also observed after treatment with wedelolactone, a component from MHL. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested a previously uncharacterized mechanism of MHL and wedelolactone on osteoblastogenesis, by which METTL3-mediated m6A methylation is involved and thus contributes to the enhancement of osteoblastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tian
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Yi-Lin Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Ren-Chao Dong
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Jun Wei
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Yu Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Yan-Qiu Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Shehzad A, Mukasheva F, Moazzam M, Sultanova D, Abdikhan B, Trifonov A, Akilbekova D. Dual-Crosslinking of Gelatin-Based Hydrogels: Promising Compositions for a 3D Printed Organotypic Bone Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:704. [PMID: 37370635 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelatin-based hydrogels have emerged as a popular scaffold material for tissue engineering applications. The introduction of variable crosslinking methods has shown promise for fabricating stable cell-laden scaffolds. In this work, we examine promising composite biopolymer-based inks for extrusion-based 3D bioprinting, using a dual crosslinking approach. A combination of carefully selected printable hydrogel ink compositions and the use of photoinduced covalent and ionic crosslinking mechanisms allows for the fabrication of scaffolds of high accuracy and low cytotoxicity, resulting in unimpeded cell proliferation, extracellular matrix deposition, and mineralization. Three selected bioink compositions were characterized and the respective cell-laden scaffolds were bioprinted. Temporal stability, morphology, swelling, and mechanical properties of the scaffolds were thoroughly studied and the biocompatibility of the constructs was assessed using rat mesenchymal stem cells while focusing on osteogenesis. Experimental results showed that the composition of 1% alginate, 4% gelatin, and 5% (w/v) gelatine methacrylate, was found to be optimal among the examined, with shape fidelity of 88%, large cell spreading area and cell viability at around 100% after 14 days. The large pore diameters that exceed 100 µm, and highly interconnected scaffold morphology, make these hydrogels extremely potent in bone tissue engineering and bone organoid fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmer Shehzad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Fariza Mukasheva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Muhammad Moazzam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Dana Sultanova
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Birzhan Abdikhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexander Trifonov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Dana Akilbekova
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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Awale GM, Barajaa MA, Kan HM, Seyedsalehi A, Nam GH, Hosseini FS, Ude CC, Schmidt TA, Lo KWH, Laurencin CT. Regenerative engineering of long bones using the small molecule forskolin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219756120. [PMID: 37216527 PMCID: PMC10235978 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219756120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone grafting procedures have become increasingly common in the United States, with approximately 500,000 cases occurring each year at a societal cost exceeding $2.4 billion. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs) are therapeutic agents that have been widely used by orthopedic surgeons to stimulate bone tissue formation alone and when paired with biomaterials. However, significant limitations such as immunogenicity, high production cost, and ectopic bone growth from these therapies remain. Therefore, efforts have been made to discover and repurpose osteoinductive small-molecule therapeutics to promote bone regeneration. Previously, we have demonstrated that a single-dose treatment with the small-molecule forskolin for just 24 h induces osteogenic differentiation of rabbit bone marrow-derived stem cells in vitro, while mitigating adverse side effects attributed with prolonged small-molecule treatment schemes. In this study, we engineered a composite fibrin-PLGA [poly(lactide-co-glycolide)]-sintered microsphere scaffold for the localized, short-term delivery of the osteoinductive small molecule, forskolin. In vitro characterization studies showed that forskolin released out of the fibrin gel within the first 24 h and retained its bioactivity toward osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived stem cells. The forskolin-loaded fibrin-PLGA scaffold was also able to guide bone formation in a 3-mo rabbit radial critical-sized defect model comparable to recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) treatment, as demonstrated through histological and mechanical evaluation, with minimal systemic off-target side effects. Together, these results demonstrate the successful application of an innovative small-molecule treatment approach within long bone critical-sized defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guleid M. Awale
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
| | - Mohammed A. Barajaa
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University,31451Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ho-Man Kan
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
| | - Amir Seyedsalehi
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Ga Hie Nam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Fatemeh S. Hosseini
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Department of Skeletal Biology and Regeneration, UConn Health, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Chinedu C. Ude
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Kevin W.-H. Lo
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
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10
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Bian L, Wu Y, Wu J, Zhao P, Zhao X. Ectoderm mesenchymal stem cells promote osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by targeting sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1293-1302. [PMID: 36456772 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their high repair capability, bone defects still present a major challenge in orthopedic tissue engineering. Osteoblast differentiation is central to the treatment of bone defects. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used nasal mucosal-derived ectoderm mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) to promote osteogenic differentiation by co-culturing MC3T3-E1 cells. Our results showed that MC3T3-E1/EMSCs co-culture upregulated bone-related proteins and transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone nodule formation relative to controls. Furthermore, our results showed that EMSC-derived sonic hedgehog (Shh) accounted for the enhanced MC3T3-E1 differentiation because inhibiting Shh signaling substantially reduced osteogenic differentiation. CONCLUSION Altogether, these results suggest that EMSCs differentiated into osteoblast cells and supported MC3T3-E1 differentiation. Thus, EMSCs may be a promising cell source for treating bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Bian
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - YiQing Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xijiang Zhao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
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11
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Li A, Sasaki JI, Abe GL, Katata C, Sakai H, Imazato S. Vascularization of a Bone Organoid Using Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:5367887. [PMID: 37200632 PMCID: PMC10188257 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5367887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone organoids offer a novel path for the reconstruction and repair of bone defects. We previously fabricated scaffold-free bone organoids using cell constructs comprising only bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, the cells in the millimetre-scale constructs were likely to undergo necrosis because of difficult oxygen diffusion and nutrient delivery. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are capable of differentiating into vascular endothelial lineages and have great vasculogenic potential under endothelial induction. Therefore, we hypothesized that DPSCs can serve as a vascular source to improve the survival of the BMSCs within the bone organoid. In this study, the DPSCs had greater sprouting ability, and the proangiogenic marker expressions were significantly greater than those of BMSCs. DPSCs were incorporated into the BMSC constructs at various ratios (5%-20%), and their internal structures and vasculogenic and osteogenic characteristics were investigated after endothelial differentiation. As a result, the DPSCs are differentiated into the CD31-positive endothelial lineage in the cell constructs. The incorporation of DPSCs significantly suppressed cell necrosis and improved the viability of the cell constructs. In addition, lumen-like structures were visualized by fluorescently labelled nanoparticles in the DPSC-incorporated cell constructs. The vascularized BMSC constructs were successfully fabricated using the vasculogenic ability of the DPSCs. Next, osteogenic induction was initiated in the vascularized BMSC/DPSC constructs. Compared with only BMSCs, constructs with DPSCs had increased mineralized deposition and a hollow structure. Overall, this study demonstrated that vascularized scaffold-free bone organoids were successfully fabricated by incorporating DPSCs into BMSC constructs, and the biomimetic biomaterial is promising for bone regenerative medicine and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aonan Li
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sasaki
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gabriela L. Abe
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Katata
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Sakai
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Tan AQ, Zheng YF. The Roles of SNHG Family in Osteoblast Differentiation. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122268. [PMID: 36553535 PMCID: PMC9777675 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs), members of long-chain noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have received increasing attention regarding their roles in multiple bone diseases. Studies have revealed that SNHGs display unique expression profile during osteoblast differentiation and that they could act as promising biomarkers of certain bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. Osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is an important part of bone repair and reconstruction. Moreover, studies confirmed that the SNHG family participate in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in part by regulating important pathways of osteogenesis, such as Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Based on these observations, clarifying the SNHG family's roles in osteogenesis (especially in MSCs) and their related mechanisms would provide novel ideas for possible applications of lncRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of bone diseases. After searching, screening, browsing and intensive reading, we uncovered more than 30 papers related to the SNHG family and osteoblast differentiation that were published in recent years. Here, our review aims to summarize these findings in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research.
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13
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Farmani AR, Nekoofar MH, Ebrahimi-Barough S, Azami M, Najafipour S, Moradpanah S, Ai J. Preparation and In Vitro Osteogenic Evaluation of Biomimetic Hybrid Nanocomposite Scaffolds Based on Gelatin/Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) and Lithium-Doped 45s5 Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2022; 31:870-885. [PMID: 36373108 PMCID: PMC9638231 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-022-02615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is an emerging technique for repairing large bone lesions. Biomimetic techniques expand the use of organic-inorganic spongy-like nanocomposite scaffolds and platelet concentrates. In this study, a biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold was prepared using lithium-doped bioactive-glass nanoparticles and gelatin/PRGF. First, sol-gel method was used to prepare bioactive-glass nanoparticles that contain 0, 1, 3, and 5%wt lithium. The lithium content was then optimized based on antibacterial and MTT testing. By freeze-drying, hybrid scaffolds comprising 5, 10, and 20% bioglass were made. On the scaffolds, human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs) were cultured for adhesion (SEM), survival, and osteogenic differentiation. Alkaline phosphatase activity and osteopontin, osteocalcin, and Runx2 gene expression were measured. The effect of bioactive-glass nanoparticles and PRGF on nanocomposites' mechanical characteristics and glass-transition temperature (T g) was also studied. An optimal lithium content in bioactive glass structure was found to be 3% wt. Nanoparticle SEM examination indicated grain deformation due to different sizes of lithium and sodium ions. Results showed up to 10% wt bioactive-glass and PRGF increased survival and cell adhesion. Also, Hybrid scaffolds revealed higher ALP-activity and OP, OC, and Runx2 gene expression. Furthermore, bioactive-glass has mainly increased ALP-activity and Runx2 expression, whereas PRGF increases the expression of OP and OC genes. Bioactive-glass increases scaffold modulus and T g continuously. Hence, the presence of both bioactive-glass and nanocomposite scaffold improves the expression of osteogenic differentiation biomarkers. Subsequently, it seems that hybrid scaffolds based on biopolymers, Li-doped bioactive-glass, and platelet extracts can be a good strategy for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Reza Farmani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nekoofar
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Azami
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sohrab Najafipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Somayeh Moradpanah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Classic and Current Opinions in Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation. Cureus 2022; 14:e30982. [PMID: 36337306 PMCID: PMC9624478 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft tolerance is a pathophysiological condition heavily reliant on the dynamic interaction of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Genetic polymorphism determines immune responses to tissue/organ transplantation, and intricate humoral and cell-mediated mechanisms control these responses. In transplantation, the clinician's goal is to achieve a delicate equilibrium between the allogeneic immune response, undesired effects of the immunosuppressive drugs, and the existing morbidities that are potentially life-threatening. Transplant immunopathology involves sensitization, effector, and apoptosis phases which recruit and engages immunological cells like natural killer cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes. Similarly, these cells are involved in the transfer of normal or genetically engineered T cells. Advances in tissue transplantation would involve a profound knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that underpin the respective immunopathology involved and the design of precision medicines that are safe and effective.
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15
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Zhang Y, Fan Z, Xing Y, Jia S, Mo Z, Gong H. Effect of microtopography on osseointegration of implantable biomaterials and its modification strategies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:981062. [PMID: 36225600 PMCID: PMC9548570 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.981062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthopedic implants are widely used for the treatment of bone defects caused by injury, infection, tumor and congenital diseases. However, poor osseointegration and implant failures still occur frequently due to the lack of direct contact between the implant and the bone. In order to improve the biointegration of implants with the host bone, surface modification is of particular interest and requirement in the development of implant materials. Implant surfaces that mimic the inherent surface roughness and hydrophilicity of native bone have been shown to provide osteogenic cells with topographic cues to promote tissue regeneration and new bone formation. A growing number of studies have shown that cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation are sensitive to these implant surface microtopography. This review is to provide a summary of the latest science of surface modified bone implants, focusing on how surface microtopography modulates osteoblast differentiation in vitro and osseointegration in vivo, signaling pathways in the process and types of surface modifications. The aim is to systematically provide comprehensive reference information for better fabrication of orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability and Key Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis and Rehabilitation Technology of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenmin Fan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Yanghui Xing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shaowei Jia
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjun Mo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability and Key Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis and Rehabilitation Technology of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongjun Mo, ; He Gong,
| | - He Gong
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongjun Mo, ; He Gong,
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16
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Zhang Z, Yang X, Cao X, Qin A, Zhao J. Current applications of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in bone repair and regeneration: A review of cell experiments, animal models, and clinical trials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:942128. [PMID: 36159705 PMCID: PMC9490047 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.942128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of orthopaedics, bone defects caused by severe trauma, infection, tumor resection, and skeletal abnormalities are very common. However, due to the lengthy and painful process of related surgery, people intend to shorten the recovery period and reduce the risk of rejection; as a result, more attention is being paid to bone regeneration with mesenchymal stromal cells, one of which is the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) from adipose tissue. After continuous subculture and cryopreservation, ASCs still have the potential for multidirectional differentiation. They can be implanted in the human body to promote bone repair after induction in vitro, solve the problems of scarce sources and large damage, and are expected to be used in the treatment of bone defects and non-union fractures. However, the diversity of its differentiation lineage and the lack of bone formation potential limit its current applications in bone disease. Here, we concluded the current applications of ASCs in bone repair, especially with the combination and use of physical and biological methods. ASCs alone have been proved to contribute to the repair of bone damage in vivo and in vitro. Attaching to bone scaffolds or adding bioactive molecules can enhance the formation of the bone matrix. Moreover, we further evaluated the efficiency of ASC-committed differentiation in the bone in conditions of cell experiments, animal models, and clinical trials. The results show that ASCs in combination with synthetic bone grafts and biomaterials may affect the regeneration, augmentation, and vascularization of bone defects on bone healing. The specific conclusion of different materials applied with ASCs may vary. It has been confirmed to benefit osteogenesis by regulating osteogenic signaling pathways and gene transduction. Exosomes secreted by ASCs also play an important role in osteogenesis. This review will illustrate the understanding of scientists and clinicians of the enormous promise of ASCs’ current applications and future development in bone repair and regeneration, and provide an incentive for superior employment of such strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyue Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiankun Cao
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - An Qin
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: An Qin, ; Jie Zhao,
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: An Qin, ; Jie Zhao,
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17
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Fievet L, Serratrice N, Brulin B, Giraudo L, Véran J, Degardin N, Sabatier F, Féron F, Layrolle P. A Comparative In Vitro and In Vivo Study of Osteogenicity by Using Two Biomaterials and Two Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Subtypes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:913539. [PMID: 35712655 PMCID: PMC9195506 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.913539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bone repair induced by stem cells and biomaterials may represent an alternative to autologous bone grafting. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), easily accessible in every human, are prototypical cells that can be tested, alone or with a biomaterial, for creating new osteoblasts. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of two biomaterials—biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and bioactive glass (BG)—when loaded with either adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) or newborn nasal ecto-mesenchymal stem cells (NE-MSCs), the latter being collected for further repair of lip cleft-associated bone loss. Materials and Methods: BMMSCs were collected from two adults and NE-MSCs from two newborn infants. An in vitro study was performed in order to determine the best experimental conditions for adhesion, viability, proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation on BCP or BG granules. Bone-associated morphological changes and gene expression modifications were quantified using histological and molecular techniques. The in vivo study was based on the subcutaneous implantation in nude mice of the biomaterials, loaded or not with one of the two cell types. Eight weeks after, bone formation was assessed using histological and electron microscopy techniques. Results: Both cell types—BMMSC and NE-MSC—display the typical stem cell surface markers—CD73+, CD90+, CD105+, nestin - and exhibit the MSC-associated osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic multipotency. NE-MSCs produce less collagen and alkaline phosphatase than BMMSCs. At the transcript level, NE-MSCs express more abundantly three genes coding for bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin and osteopontin while BMMSCs produce extra copies of RunX2. BMMSCs and NE-MSCs adhere and survive on BCP and BG. In vivo experiments reveal that bone formation is only observed with BMMSCs transplanted on BCP biomaterial. Conclusion: Although belonging to the same superfamily of mesenchymal stem cells, BMMSCs and NE-MSCs exhibit striking differences, in vitro and in vivo. For future clinical applications, the association of BMMSCs with BCP biomaterial seems to be the most promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fievet
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Régional Henri Duffaut, Avignon, France
| | - N Serratrice
- Department of Neurosurgery, La Timone Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,APHM, Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Inserm CBT-1409, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapies, Marseille, France
| | - B Brulin
- INSERM, UMR 1238, PHY-OS, Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, Nantes University Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - L Giraudo
- APHM, Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Inserm CBT-1409, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapies, Marseille, France
| | - J Véran
- APHM, Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Inserm CBT-1409, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapies, Marseille, France
| | - N Degardin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, La Timone Enfant Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - F Sabatier
- APHM, Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Inserm CBT-1409, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapies, Marseille, France
| | - F Féron
- APHM, Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Inserm CBT-1409, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapies, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, Marseille, France
| | - P Layrolle
- INSERM, UMR 1238, PHY-OS, Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, Nantes University Nantes, Nantes, France
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18
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Hayashi K, Fang X, Ueda H, Miwa A, Naka T, Tsuchiya H. Bone Regeneration Using Autologous Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Spheroid Complex. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone defects require reconstruction using various biomaterials or non-biological materials. Stem cell spheroids can be used for scaffold-free approaches for osteogenesis. We set up a culture method for creating an optimal osteogenic adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) spheroid complex
by measuring the expression of protein in a sequential series of culture media. After culturing ADSC spheroids for 24 hours in DMEM, the spheroids were cultured in ascorbic acid-containing medium for five days followed by osteoblast differentiation medium. One day after exchanging to osteoblast
differentiation medium, spheroids were collected and cultured for four days to obtain a spheroid complex. Each culture period was determined by analyzing the expression of collagen type I, alkaline phosphatase and integrin α5 to maximize the activity of ADSC spheroids. The expression
of collagen type I increased significantly in ascorbic acid-containing medium (p < 0.05) compared with control medium on day five, suggesting that culturing spheroids in ascorbic acid increases collagen synthesis. RNA was extracted from ADSC spheroids after 1, 3, 5, and 7 days in
each medium and RT-PCR was performed to measure integrin α5 expression. The expression was transiently high on the first day of osteoblast differentiation culture and then gradually decreased. Osteoblast differentiation medium enhanced cell adhesion in spheroids. An in vivo
study confirmed the osteogenic potential of the ADSC spheroid complex created by the established protocol. The ADSC spheroid complex stimulated bone regeneration and will be applied to the treatment of large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Xang Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Shibuya Corporation, Ko-58 Mameda-Honmachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8681, Japan
| | - Akihiro Miwa
- Shibuya Corporation, Ko-58 Mameda-Honmachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8681, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Naka
- Shibuya Corporation, Ko-58 Mameda-Honmachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
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19
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Shibli JA, Nagay BE, Suárez LJ, Urdániga Hung C, Bertolini M, Barão VAR, Souza JGS. Bone Tissue Engineering Using Osteogenic Cells: From the Bench to the Clinical Application. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2022; 28:179-192. [PMID: 35166162 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2022.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of tissue engineering to restore and to build new bone tissue is under active research at present. The following review summarizes the latest studies and clinical trials related to the use of osteogenic cells, biomaterials, and scaffolds to regenerate bone defects in the human jaws. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) combined with scaffolds have provided a range of advantages not only to transport the target cells to their desired destination but also to support the early phases of the mineralization process. The mechanical, chemical, and physical properties of scaffolds have been evaluated as they affect the quantity of bone regeneration, particularly in the oral cavity. This review also highlighted the mechanisms underlying bone homeostasis, including the key transcription factors and signaling pathways responsible for regulating the differentiation of osteoblast lineage. Furthering understanding of the mechanisms of cellular signaling in skeletal remodeling with the use of mesenchymal stem cells and the proper scaffold properties are key-factors to enable the incorporation of new and effective treatment methods into clinical practice for bone tissue regeneration using BTE. Impact Statement The use of mesenchymal stem cells able to differentiate in osteoblast lineage for bone tissue engineering (BTE) remains a major challenge. Viable cells and signaling pathways play an essential role in bone repair and regeneration of critical size defects. Recent advances in scaffolds and biological factors such as growth factors (e.g., cytokines and hormones) controlling the osteogenic signaling cascade are now becoming new players affecting the osteogenic potential of cells. Such techniques will significantly impact the maxillofacial bone tissue replacement, repair, and regeneration for patients without having to rely on donor banks or other surgical sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Awad Shibli
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Bruna Egumi Nagay
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Lina J Suárez
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, Guarulhos, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Oral, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Celeste Urdániga Hung
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Martinna Bertolini
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valentim A R Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - João Gabriel S Souza
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, Guarulhos, Brazil.,Dental Science School (Faculdade de Ciências Odontológicas-FCO), Montes Claros, Brazil
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20
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Qin W, Li C, Liu C, Wu S, Liu J, Ma J, Chen W, Zhao H, Zhao X. 3D printed biocompatible graphene oxide, attapulgite, and collagen composite scaffolds for bone regeneration. J Biomater Appl 2022; 36:1838-1851. [PMID: 35196910 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211067646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered bone material is one of the effective methods to repair bone defects, but the application is restricted in clinical because of the lack of excellent scaffolds that can induce bone regeneration as well as the difficulty in making scaffolds with personalized structures. 3D printing is an emerging technology that can fabricate bespoke 3D scaffolds with precise structure. However, it is challenging to develop the scaffold materials with excellent printability, osteogenesis ability, and mechanical strength. In this study, graphene oxide (GO), attapulgite (ATP), type I collagen (Col I) and polyvinyl alcohol were used as raw materials to prepare composite scaffolds via 3D bioprinting. The composite materials showed excellent printability. The microcosmic architecture and properties was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and thermal gravimetric analyzer, respectively. To verify the biocompatibility of the scaffolds, the viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (BMSCs) on the scaffolds were assessed by CCK-8, Live/Dead staining and Real-time PCR in vitro. The composited scaffolds were then implanted into the skull defects on rat for bone regeneration. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson staining and immunohistochemistry staining were carried out in vivo to evaluate the regeneration of bone tissue.The results showed that GO/ATP/COL scaffolds have been demonstrated to possess controlled porosity, water absorption, biodegradability and good apatite-mineralization ability. The scaffold consisting of 0.5% GO/ATP/COL have excellent biocompatibility and was able to promote the growth, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mouse BMSCs in vitro. Furthermore, the 0.5% GO/ATP/COL scaffolds were also able to promote bone regeneration of in rat skull defects. Our results illustrated that the 3D printed GO/ATP/COL composite scaffolds have good mechanical properties, excellent cytocompatibility for enhanced mouse BMSCs adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. All these advantages made it potential as a promising biomaterial for osteogenic reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qin
- Medical Research Centre, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chenkai Li
- Medical Research Centre, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Medical Research Centre, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Siyu Wu
- Medical Research Centre, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Medical Research Centre, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Ma
- Medical Research Centre, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenyang Chen
- Medical Research Centre, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- Medical Research Centre, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiubo Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 7315University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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21
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Xue Y, Hu S, Chen C, He J, Sun J, Jin Y, Zhang Y, Zhu G, Shi Q, Rui Y. Myokine Irisin promotes osteogenesis by activating BMP/SMAD signaling via αV integrin and regulates bone mass in mice. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:572-584. [PMID: 35002510 PMCID: PMC8741853 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.63505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is well-known to contribute to bone homeostasis due to its bidirectional regulation on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. However, the mechanisms of irisin involved in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs)-derived osteogenesis are still under investigated. Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) is the precursor protein of irisin, compare with wild type (WT) littermates, FNDC5-/- mice lost bone mass significantly, collectively evidenced by the decrease of bone mineral density (BMD), impaired bone formation and reduced N-terminal propertied of type I procollagen (P1NP) in sera. Meanwhile, the bone resorbing of FNDC5-/- mice has enhanced accompanied by increased tartrate phosphatase (TRAP) staining cells morphologically and cross-Linked C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) level in sera. In vitro study showed that lack of irisin impeded the MSC-derived osteogenesis of FNDC5-/- mice. The addition of irisin promote the osteogenesis of WT and irisin-deficient MSCs, by activating αV integrin-induced ERK/STAT pathway, subsequently enhancing bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) expression and BMP/SMAD signaling activation. Taken together, these findings further indicate that irisin regulates bone homeostasis. Moreover, irisin promotes MSC-derived osteogenesis by binding to αV integrin and activating BMP/SMAD signaling consequently. Thus, irisin may be a promising therapeutic target for osteoporosis and bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedics Institute of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214026, P. R. China
| | - Sihan Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedics Institute of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214026, P. R. China
| | - Chichi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedics Institute of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Jiachen He
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedics Institute of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedics Institute of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yesheng Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214026, P. R. China
| | - Yuanshu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214026, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedics Institute of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Rui
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214026, P. R. China
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22
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Barlian A, Vanya K. Nanotopography in directing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: potency and future perspective. Future Sci OA 2022; 8:FSO765. [PMID: 34900339 PMCID: PMC8656311 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe bone injuries can result in disabilities and thus affect a person's quality of life. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be an alternative for bone healing by growing them on nanopatterned substrates that provide mechanical signals for differentiation. This review aims to highlight the role of nanopatterns in directing or inducing MSC osteogenic differentiation, especially in bone tissue engineering. Nanopatterns can upregulate the expression of osteogenic markers, which indicates a faster differentiation process. Combined with growth factors, nanopatterns can further upregulate osteogenic markers, but with fewer growth factors needed, thereby reducing the risks and costs involved. Nanopatterns can be applied in scaffolds for tissue engineering for their lasting effects, even in vivo, thus having great potential for future bone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anggraini Barlian
- School of Life Science & Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanosciences & Nanotechnology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Katherine Vanya
- School of Life Science & Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
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23
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Krstić J, Mojsilović S, Mojsilović SS, Santibanez JF. Regulation of the mesenchymal stem cell fate by interleukin-17: Implications in osteogenic differentiation. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1696-1713. [PMID: 34909118 PMCID: PMC8641017 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a tightly regulated process that ensures proper repair and functionality after injury. The delicate balance between bone formation and resorption is governed by cytokines and signaling molecules released during the inflammatory response. Interleukin (IL)-17A, produced in the early phase of inflammation, influences the fate of osteoprogenitors. Due to their inherent capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) contribute to bone healing and regeneration. This review presents an overview of IL-17A signaling and the leading cellular and molecular mechanisms by which it regulates the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The main findings demonstrating IL-17A’s influence on osteoblastogenesis are described. To this end, divergent information exists about the capacity of IL-17A to regulate MSCs’ osteogenic fate, depending on the tissue context and target cell type, along with contradictory findings in the same cell types. Therefore, we summarize the data showing both the pro-osteogenic and anti-osteogenic roles of IL-17, which may help in the understanding of IL-17A function in bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Krstić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11129, Serbia
| | - Sonja S Mojsilović
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade 11129, Serbia
| | - Juan F Santibanez
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Chile 8370993, Chile
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24
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Wang H, Ding X, Liu C, Yang S, Zhao B. An evaluation of allogeneic freeze-dried concentrated growth factors biocompatibility in vitroand in vivo. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34555823 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the biocompatibility of allogeneic freeze-dried concentrated growth factors (AFD-CGFs)in vitroandin vivo.For thein vitroexperiments, bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured in 10% fresh allogeneic concentrated growth factors (CGFs). AFD-CGF solution was used as the experimental group, and Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium was used as control. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the cell ultrastructure was unchanged, and membranes were intact. Scanning electron microscopy, cell counting kit-8, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicated that BMSCs and differentiation were unchanged between AFD-CGFs versus control groups (allp> 0.05). Alkaline phosphatase activity was higher in CGF groups (peaked at 14 d) than in the control group. Regarding thein vivoexperiments, four beagles were used for surgery and the rest as controls. Beagles were sacrificed at 2 weeks to observe acute response and membrane absorption; at 12 weeks for wound healing and chronic damage to the liver. According to general observations and histology, the CGFs of all groups were absorbed 2 weeks afterin vivoimplantation. No sign of intolerance was observed. Histology showed a slight increase in immune cells appearing in the implantation area after 2 weeks. However, no or very few inflammatory and immune cells were detected 3 months after the operation. Based on the hematoxylin and eosin staining and TEM results, the ultrastructure of the liver tissue was unchanged. In general, the results suggest that AFD-CGFs are biocompatible and may be a promising option for tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Ding
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing 100185, People's Republic of China
| | - Changkui Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Dalian Stomatological Hospital, Dalian 116000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Sefei Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjing Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523710, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Scientific Research Platform, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, People's Republic of China
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25
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Zanaty MI, Abdel-Moneim A, Kitani Y, Sekiguchi T, Suzuki N. Effect of Omeprazole on Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts in vivo and in the in vitro Model Using Fish Scales. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1192-1200. [PMID: 34903151 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Omeprazole suppresses excessive secretion of gastric acid via irreversible inhibition of H+/K+-ATPase in the gastric parietal cells. Recent meta-analysis of data revealed an association between the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and increased risk of bone fractures, but the underlying molecular mechanism of PPI action remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that omeprazole directly influences bone metabolism using a unique in vitro bioassay system with teleost scales, as well as the in vivo model. The in vitro study showed that omeprazole significantly increased the activities of alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase after 6 h of incubation with this PPI. Expression of mRNAs for several osteoclastic markers was upregulated after 3-h incubation of fish scales with 10-7 M omeprazole. The in vivo experiments revealed that the plasma calcium levels significantly increased in the omeprazole-treated group. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that omeprazole affects bone cells by increasing bone resorption by upregulating expression of osteoclastic genes and promoting calcium release to the circulation. The suggested in vitro bioassay in fish scales is a practical model that can be used to study the effects of drugs on bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Zanaty
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Yoichiro Kitani
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-Cho, Ishikawa, 927-0553, Japan.
| | - Toshio Sekiguchi
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-Cho, Ishikawa, 927-0553, Japan.
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-Cho, Ishikawa, 927-0553, Japan.
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26
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Nakai K, Yamamoto K, Kishida T, Kotani SI, Sato Y, Horiguchi S, Yamanobe H, Adachi T, Boschetto F, Marin E, Zhu W, Akiyoshi K, Yamamoto T, Kanamura N, Pezzotti G, Mazda O. Osteogenic Response to Polysaccharide Nanogel Sheets of Human Fibroblasts After Conversion Into Functional Osteoblasts by Direct Phenotypic Cell Reprogramming. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:713932. [PMID: 34540813 PMCID: PMC8446423 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.713932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were converted into osteoblasts using a ALK inhibitor II (inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β signal) on freeze-dried nanogel-cross-linked porous (FD-NanoClip) polysaccharide sheets or fibers. Then, the ability of these directly converted osteoblasts (dOBs) to produce calcified substrates and the expression of osteoblast genes were analyzed in comparison with osteoblasts converted by exactly the same procedure but seeded onto a conventional atelocollagen scaffold. dOBs exposed to FD-NanoClip in both sheet and fiber morphologies produced a significantly higher concentration of calcium deposits as compared to a control cell sample (i.e., unconverted fibroblasts), while there was no statistically significant difference in calcification level between dOBs exposed to atelocollagen sheets and the control group. The observed differences in osteogenic behaviors were interpreted according to Raman spectroscopic analyses comparing different polysaccharide scaffolds and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses of dOB cultures. This study substantiates a possible new path to repair large bone defects through a simplified transplantation procedure using FD-NanoClip sheets with better osteogenic outputs as compared to the existing atelocollagen scaffolding material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nakai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsunao Kishida
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kotani
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sato
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Horiguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironaka Yamanobe
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Francesco Boschetto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Elia Marin
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiro Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Narisato Kanamura
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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27
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Effects of Extracellular Osteoanabolic Agents on the Endogenous Response of Osteoblastic Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092383. [PMID: 34572032 PMCID: PMC8471159 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex multidimensional skeletal organization can adapt its structure in accordance with external contexts, demonstrating excellent self-renewal capacity. Thus, optimal extracellular environmental properties are critical for bone regeneration and inextricably linked to the mechanical and biological states of bone. It is interesting to note that the microstructure of bone depends not only on genetic determinants (which control the bone remodeling loop through autocrine and paracrine signals) but also, more importantly, on the continuous response of cells to external mechanical cues. In particular, bone cells sense mechanical signals such as shear, tensile, loading and vibration, and once activated, they react by regulating bone anabolism. Although several specific surrounding conditions needed for osteoblast cells to specifically augment bone formation have been empirically discovered, most of the underlying biomechanical cellular processes underneath remain largely unknown. Nevertheless, exogenous stimuli of endogenous osteogenesis can be applied to promote the mineral apposition rate, bone formation, bone mass and bone strength, as well as expediting fracture repair and bone regeneration. The following review summarizes the latest studies related to the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells, enhanced by mechanical forces or supplemental signaling factors (such as trace metals, nutraceuticals, vitamins and exosomes), providing a thorough overview of the exogenous osteogenic agents which can be exploited to modulate and influence the mechanically induced anabolism of bone. Furthermore, this review aims to discuss the emerging role of extracellular stimuli in skeletal metabolism as well as their potential roles and provide new perspectives for the treatment of bone disorders.
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28
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Bjelić D, Finšgar M. The Role of Growth Factors in Bioactive Coatings. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1083. [PMID: 34371775 PMCID: PMC8309025 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing obesity and an ageing population, health complications are also on the rise, such as the need to replace a joint with an artificial one. In both humans and animals, the integration of the implant is crucial, and bioactive coatings play an important role in bone tissue engineering. Since bone tissue engineering is about designing an implant that maximally mimics natural bone and is accepted by the tissue, the search for optimal materials and therapeutic agents and their concentrations is increasing. The incorporation of growth factors (GFs) in a bioactive coating represents a novel approach in bone tissue engineering, in which osteoinduction is enhanced in order to create the optimal conditions for the bone healing process, which crucially affects implant fixation. For the application of GFs in coatings and their implementation in clinical practice, factors such as the choice of one or more GFs, their concentration, the coating material, the method of incorporation, and the implant material must be considered to achieve the desired controlled release. Therefore, the avoidance of revision surgery also depends on the success of the design of the most appropriate bioactive coating. This overview considers the integration of the most common GFs that have been investigated in in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as in human clinical trials, with the aim of applying them in bioactive coatings. An overview of the main therapeutic agents that can stimulate cells to express the GFs necessary for bone tissue development is also provided. The main objective is to present the advantages and disadvantages of the GFs that have shown promise for inclusion in bioactive coatings according to the results of numerous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
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29
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Mangione F, Salmon B, EzEldeen M, Jacobs R, Chaussain C, Vital S. Characteristics of Large Animal Models for Current Cell-Based Oral Tissue Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:489-505. [PMID: 33882717 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent advances in the field of cell-based therapeutics open promising perspectives for oral tissue regeneration. The development of large animal models, which overcome the limits of the rodent models and allow to emulate clinical situations, is crucial for the validation of regenerative strategies to move toward clinical application. Currently, porcine, canine, and ovine models are mainly developed for oral regeneration and their specific characteristics have an impact on the outcomes of the studies. Thus, this systematic review investigates the application of porcine, canine, and ovine models in present cell-based oral regeneration, according to the species characteristics and the targeted tissue to regenerate. A customized search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from January 2015 to March 2020 was conducted. Relevant articles about cell-based oral tissues engineering in porcine, canine, and ovine models were evaluated. Among the evaluated articles, 58 relevant studies about cell-based oral regeneration in porcine, canine, and ovine models matched the eligibility criteria and were selected for full analysis. Porcine models, the most similar species with humans, were mostly used for bone and periodontium regeneration; tooth regeneration was reported only in pig, except for one study in dog. Canine models were the most transversal models, successfully involved for all oral tissue regeneration and notably in implantology. However, differences with humans and ethical concerns affect the use of these models. Ovine models, alternative to porcine and canine ones, were mainly used for bone and, scarcely, periodontium regeneration. The anatomy and physiology of these animals restrain their involvement. If consistency was found in defect specificities and cell trends among different species animal models of bone, dentin-pulp complex, or tooth regeneration, variability appeared in periodontium. Regeneration assessment methods were more elaborate in porcines and canines than in ovines. Risk of bias was low for selection, attrition and reporting, but unclear for performance and detection. Overall, if none of the large animal models can be considered an ideal one, they are of deemed importance for oral cell-based tissue engineering and researchers should consider their relevance to establish favorable conditions for a given preclinical cell-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mangione
- URP 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Life Imaging Platform (PIV), UFR Odontology, Université de Paris, Montrouge, France.,Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Benjamin Salmon
- URP 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Life Imaging Platform (PIV), UFR Odontology, Université de Paris, Montrouge, France.,Bretonneau Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Filière OSCAR, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Mostafa EzEldeen
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Paediatric Dentistry and Special Dental Care, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- URP 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Life Imaging Platform (PIV), UFR Odontology, Université de Paris, Montrouge, France.,Bretonneau Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Filière OSCAR, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sibylle Vital
- URP 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Life Imaging Platform (PIV), UFR Odontology, Université de Paris, Montrouge, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Louis Mourier, DMU ESPRIT, Colombes, France
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Helmi SA, Rohani L, Zaher AR, El Hawary YM, Rancourt DE. Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells via γ-Secretase Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105215. [PMID: 34069142 PMCID: PMC8156631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone healing is a complex, well-organized process. Multiple factors regulate this process, including growth factors, hormones, cytokines, mechanical stimulation, and aging. One of the most important signaling pathways that affect bone healing is the Notch signaling pathway. It has a significant role in controlling the differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells and forming new bone. Interventions to enhance the healing of critical-sized bone defects are of great importance, and stem cell transplantations are eminent candidates for treating such defects. Understanding how Notch signaling impacts pluripotent stem cell differentiation can significantly enhance osteogenesis and improve the overall healing process upon transplantation. In Rancourt’s lab, mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) have been successfully differentiated to the osteogenic cell lineage. This study investigates the role of Notch signaling inhibition in the osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). Our data showed that Notch inhibition greatly enhanced the differentiation of both mouse embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer A. Helmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (A.R.Z.); (Y.M.E.H.)
| | - Leili Rohani
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Ahmed R. Zaher
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (A.R.Z.); (Y.M.E.H.)
| | - Youssry M. El Hawary
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (A.R.Z.); (Y.M.E.H.)
| | - Derrick E. Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-220-2888
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Yang Y, Sun Y, Mao WW, Zhang H, Ni B, Jiang L. Oxidative stress induces downregulation of TP53INP2 and suppresses osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs during osteoporosis through the autophagy degradation pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:226-237. [PMID: 33636337 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and impaired bone formation. However, the mechanisms behind which oxidative stress represses bone formation remains unclear. TP53INP2, a target of the tumor suppressor p53, is ubiquitously expressed in various cell types including BMSCs and contributes to autophagosome formation by recruiting ubiquitinated substrates to autophagosomes for degradation. However, little is known about its function in BMSCs and its relation to osteoporosis. In this study, first, we verified that the expression of TP53INP2 was persistently decreased in BMSCs derived from osteoporosis patients and OVX mice, and that the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine could ameliorate this decreased TP53INP2 level in vitro. Second, we identified that the mRNA and protein levels of TP53INP2 decreased in BMSCs under H2O2 induced oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner, with resultant co-location of LC3 and TP53INP2. Additionally, the autophagy-lysosome system was involved in the degradation process of TP53INP2 and applying autophagy inhibitors (Baf-A1) could significantly increase the TP53INP2 levels in murine and human BMSCs under oxidative stress. Third, gain- and loss-of-function assays revealed that knockdown of TP53INP2 inhibited osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, while overexpression of TP53INP2 promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. Further analysis demonstrated that TP53INP2 promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by activating Wnt/β-cantenin signaling. DKK1, an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, resulted in osteogenic defects of BMSCs that had over-expressed TP53INP2. Lithium, a Wnt/β-catenin activator, improved the mineralization ability in TP53INP2-knockdown BMSCs. Moreover, restoring TP53INP2 levels recovered OVX-derived BMSCs osteogenic differentiation and attenuated bone loss in OVX mice. Taken together, our study indicated that oxidative stress-induced downregulation of TP53INP2 suppressed osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs during osteoporosis and was mediated by the autophagy degradation pathway. These findings may introduce a novel therapeutic target for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Yang
- Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 566 Congcheng Avenue, Conghua District, Guangzhou, 510900, PR China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wei-Wei Mao
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 566 Congcheng Avenue, Conghua District, Guangzhou, 510900, PR China
| | - Binbin Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Leisheng Jiang
- Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Berbéri A, Fayyad-Kazan M, Ayoub S, Bou Assaf R, Sabbagh J, Ghassibe-Sabbagh M, Badran B. Osteogenic potential of dental and oral derived stem cells in bone tissue engineering among animal models: An update. Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101515. [PMID: 33657504 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Small bone defects can heal spontaneously through the bone modeling process due to their physiological environmental conditions. The bone modeling cycle preserves the reliability of the skeleton through the well-adjusted activities of its fundamental cell. Stem cells are a source of pluripotent cells with a capacity to differentiate into any tissue in the existence of a suitable medium. The concept of bone engineering is based on stem cells that can differentiate into bone cells. Mesenchymal stromal cells have been evaluated in bone tissue engineering due to their capacity to differentiate in osteoblasts. They can be isolated from bone marrow and from several adults oral and dental tissues such as permanent or deciduous teeth dental pulp, periodontal ligament, apical dental papilla, dental follicle precursor cells usually isolated from the follicle surrounding the third molar, gingival tissue, periosteum-derived cells, dental alveolar socket, and maxillary sinus Schneiderian membrane-derived cells. Therefore, a suitable animal model is a crucial step, as preclinical trials, to study the outcomes of mesenchymal cells on the healing of bone defects. We will discuss, through this paper, the use of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from several oral tissues mixed with different types of scaffolds tested in different animal models for bone tissue engineering. We will explore and link the comparisons between human and animal models and emphasized the factors that we need to take into consideration when choosing animals. The pig is considered as the animal of choice when testing large size and multiple defects for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Berbéri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath- Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Sara Ayoub
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Rita Bou Assaf
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Joseph Sabbagh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Michella Ghassibe-Sabbagh
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath- Beirut, Lebanon.
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Grabowski GA, Antommaria AHM, Kolodny EH, Mistry PK. Gaucher disease: Basic and translational science needs for more complete therapy and management. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 132:59-75. [PMID: 33419694 PMCID: PMC8809485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.12.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Grabowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States of America; Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
| | - Armand H M Antommaria
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States of America; Lee Ault Carter Chair of Pediatric Ethics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
| | - Edwin H Kolodny
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America.
| | - Pramod K Mistry
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America.
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Osteomodulin positively regulates osteogenesis through interaction with BMP2. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:147. [PMID: 33542209 PMCID: PMC7862363 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteomodulin (OMD), a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family, distributes in mineralized tissues and is positively regulated by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). However, the exact function of OMD during mineralization and its association with BMP2 remain poorly understood. Herein, the expression pattern of OMD during osteogenesis was investigated in human dental pulp stem cells. Silencing OMD gene significantly suppressed the alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralized nodule formation and osteogenesis-associated gene transcription. Besides, OMD could enhance BMP2-induced expression of SP7 and RUNX2 with concentration dependence in vitro. Rat mandibular bone defect model revealed that scaffolds injected with the combination of OMD and suboptimal BMP2 exhibited more mature and abundant mineralized bone than that treated with OMD or suboptimal BMP2 alone. Mechanistically, OMD could bind to BMP2 via its terminal leucine-rich repeats and formed complexes with BMP2 and its membrane receptors, thus promoting BMP/SMAD signal transduction. In addition, OMD was a putative target gene of SMAD4, which plays a pivotal role in this pathway. Collectively, these data elucidate that OMD may act as a positive coordinator in osteogenesis through BMP2/SMADs signaling.
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Akbulut AC, Wasilewski GB, Rapp N, Forin F, Singer H, Czogalla-Nitsche KJ, Schurgers LJ. Menaquinone-7 Supplementation Improves Osteogenesis in Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:618760. [PMID: 33585456 PMCID: PMC7876270 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.618760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of clinical stem cell interventions are hampered by immature cell progeny under current protocols. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are characterized by their ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple lineages. Generating hMSCs from pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is an attractive avenue for cost-efficient and scalable production of cellular material. In this study we generate mature osteoblasts from iPSCs using a stable expandable MSC intermediate, refining established protocols. We investigated the timeframe and phenotype of cells under osteogenic conditions as well as the effect of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) on differentiation. From day 2 we noted a significant increase in RUNX2 expression under osteogenic conditions with MK-7, as well as decreases in ROS species production, increased cellular migration and changes to dynamics of collagen deposition when compared to differentiated cells that were not treated with MK-7. At day 21 OsteoMK-7 increased alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen deposition, as well as downregulated RUNX2 expression, suggesting to a mature cellular phenotype. Throughout we note no changes to expression of osteocalcin suggesting a non-canonical function of MK-7 in osteoblast differentiation. Together our data provide further mechanistic insight between basic and clinical studies on extrahepatic activity of MK-7. Our findings show that MK-7 promotes osteoblast maturation thereby increasing osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Cengiz Akbulut
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Grzegorz B Wasilewski
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,NattoPharma ASA, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikolas Rapp
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Francesco Forin
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Singer
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin J Czogalla-Nitsche
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leon J Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Nephro-Cardiology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Klinikum, Aachen, Germany
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Ren L, Zhang Z, Deng C, Zhang N, Li D. Antibacterial and pro-osteogenic effects of β-Defensin-2-loaded mesoporous bioglass. Dent Mater J 2020; 40:464-471. [PMID: 33361660 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The human antimicrobial peptide beta-defensin-2 (hBD2) shows broad antibacterial activity and infrequent bacterial resistance. Here mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) was loaded with hBD2, forming hBD2-loaded MBG (BD-MBG). The antibacterial and osteogenic effects of BD-MBG were investigated in comparison with MBG and the blank control (BC). The result showed that BD-MBG yielded sustained hBD2 release for more than 7 weeks in vitro, and resulted in significantly lower amounts of viable bacteria and colony forming units, and significantly higher levels of bacterial protein release compared with those in the BC and MBG groups (all p<0.05). Compared with that in the BC group, significantly higher bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) proliferation rates, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium nodule formation, and expression levels of early and late osteogenic makers were observed after MBG and BD-MBG treatments (p<0.05). Thus, BD-MBG inhibited bacterial growth, damaged their membrane, and promoted early and late osteogenic BMSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ren
- Department of Oral, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Oral, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Chunni Deng
- Department of Oral, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Oral, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Daxu Li
- Department of Oral, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
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O’Doherty M, Mulholland EJ, Chambers P, Pentlavalli S, Ziminska M, Chalanqui MJ, Pauly HM, Sathy BN, Donahue TH, Kelly DJ, Dunne N, McCarthy HO. Improving the Intercellular Uptake and Osteogenic Potency of Calcium Phosphate via Nanocomplexation with the RALA Peptide. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2442. [PMID: 33297306 PMCID: PMC7762210 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate-base materials (e.g., alpha tri-calcium phosphate (α-TCP)) have been shown to promote osteogenic differentiation of stem/progenitor cells, enhance osteoblast osteogenic activity and mediate in vivo bone tissue formation. However, variable particle size and hydrophilicity of the calcium phosphate result in an extremely low bioavailability. Therefore, an effective delivery system is required that can encapsulate the calcium phosphate, improve cellular entry and, consequently, elicit a potent osteogenic response in osteoblasts. In this study, collagenous matrix deposition and extracellular matrix mineralization of osteoblast lineage cells were assessed to investigate osteogenesis following intracellular delivery of α-TCP nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were formed via condensation with a novel, cationic 30 mer amphipathic peptide (RALA). Nanoparticles prepared at a mass ratio of 5:1 demonstrated an average particle size of 43 nm with a zeta potential of +26 mV. The average particle size and zeta potential remained stable for up to 28 days at room temperature and across a range of temperatures (4-37 °C). Cell viability decreased 24 h post-transfection following RALA/α-TCP nanoparticle treatment; however, recovery ensued by Day 7. Immunocytochemistry staining for Type I collagen up to Day 21 post-transfection with RALA/α-TCP nanoparticles (NPs) in MG-63 cells exhibited a significant enhancement in collagen expression and deposition compared to an untreated control. Furthermore, in porcine mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs), there was enhanced mineralization compared to α-TCP alone. Taken together these data demonstrate that internalization of RALA/α-TCP NPs elicits a potent osteogenic response in both MG-63 and pMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle O’Doherty
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.O.); (E.J.M.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (M.Z.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Eoghan J. Mulholland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.O.); (E.J.M.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (M.Z.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Philip Chambers
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.O.); (E.J.M.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (M.Z.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Sreekanth Pentlavalli
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.O.); (E.J.M.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (M.Z.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Monika Ziminska
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.O.); (E.J.M.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (M.Z.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Marine J. Chalanqui
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.O.); (E.J.M.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (M.Z.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Hannah M. Pauly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Colorado State University, 1374 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.M.P.); (T.H.D.)
| | - Binulal N. Sathy
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; (B.N.S.); (D.J.K.)
| | - Tammy H. Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Colorado State University, 1374 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.M.P.); (T.H.D.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 130 Natural Resources Road, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; (B.N.S.); (D.J.K.)
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.O.); (E.J.M.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (M.Z.); (M.J.C.)
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; (B.N.S.); (D.J.K.)
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Helen O. McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.O.); (E.J.M.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (M.Z.); (M.J.C.)
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Hudecki A, Wolany W, Likus W, Markowski J, Wilk R, Kolano-Burian A, Łuczak K, Zorychta M, Kawecki M, Łos MJ. Orbital reconstruction - applied materials, therapeutic agents and clinical problems of restoration of defects. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 892:173766. [PMID: 33249074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reconstruction of large cavities in the skull and facial regions is important not only to restore health but also for the correction of facial distortions. Every visible deformity in the facial region of the patient affects their mental wellness and perception by society, entailing both, deterioration of health, but also a decrease in the performance in society, which translates into its productivity. With the progressive degradation of the natural environment, cancer, in the coming years, will be on the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The review focuses on two main aspects: (i) the causes of injuries leading to the necessity of removal of orbital cavities occupied by the tumor and then their reconstruction, with the focus on the anatomical structure of the orbital cavity, (ii) the materials used to reconstruct the orbital cavities and analyze their advantages and disadvantages. The manuscript also underlines the not yet fully met challenges in the area of facial- and craniofacial reconstruction in people affected by cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Hudecki
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Wirginia Likus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Jarosław Markowski
- Department of Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Renata Wilk
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Marek Kawecki
- University of Bielsko-Biala, Faculty of Heath Science, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Marek J Łos
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Poland; and Linkocare Life Sciences AB, Linkoping, Gliwice, Sweden.
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Establishment of human immortalized mesenchymal stem cells lines for the monitoring and analysis of osteogenic differentiation in living cells. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05398. [PMID: 33163667 PMCID: PMC7610338 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are expected to be useful in bone regeneration treatment for various diseases and conditions, including cleft lip and palate, fracture, and bone absorption. However, to date, MSCs have failed to produce satisfactory results in clinical settings. This is primarily due to the low rate of induced osteogenic differentiation. To realize MSC potential, it is necessary to establish methods for the isolation of MSC-derived living osteoblasts. However, no osteoblast markers have been reported to date. In an attempt to develop a method for the assessment of osteoblast differentiation, we established reporter human immortalized MSC (hiMSC) lines for in vitro monitoring of bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP, osteocalcin) expression. To this end, we successfully knocked-in an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene cassette immediately downstream of the first ATG of BGLAP via CRISPR-Cas9, and established hiMSC lines expressing EGFP to monitor osteogenic differentiation. On differentiation day 7, EGFP-positive cells were collected by flow cytometric cell sorting, and the expression of EGFP and endogenous BGLAP was analyzed. During osteogenic differentiation, EGFP upregulation was found to correlate with expression of endogenous BGLAP. Moreover, mineralization was confirmed using Alizarin red-S staining after two weeks of osteogenic differentiation of the modified hiMSC lines. The modified hiMSC lines, as well as the derived differentiated osteoblasts obtained herein, are valuable tools for the monitoring osteoblast gene and protein expression, and can be used to develop novel methods for isolating living osteoblasts.
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40
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Jin C, Shuai T, Tang Z. HSPB7 regulates osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells via ERK signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:450. [PMID: 33097082 PMCID: PMC7583167 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heat shock protein B7 (HSPB7), which belongs to small heat shock protein family, has been reported to be involved in diverse biological processes and diseases. However, whether HSPB7 regulates osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs) remains unexplored. Methods The expression level of HSPB7 during the osteogenesis of hASCs was examined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Lentivirus transfection was used to knock down or overexpress HSPB7, which enabled us to investigate the effect of HSPB7 on osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. U0126 and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) siRNA were used to identify the mechanism of the HSPB7/ERK1/2 axis in regulating osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. Moreover, ectopic bone formation in nude mice and osteoporosis mice model was used to investigate the effect of HSPB7 on osteogenesis in vivo. Results In this study, we found the expression of HSPB7 was significantly downregulated during the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. HSPB7 knockdown remarkably promoted osteogenic differentiation of hASCs, while HSPB7 overexpression suppressed osteogenic differentiation of hASCs both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we discovered that the enhancing effect of HSPB7 knockdown on osteogenic differentiation was related to the activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Inhibition of ERK signaling pathway with U0126 or silencing ERK1/2 effectively blocked the stimulation of osteogenic differentiation induced by HSPB7 knockdown. Additionally, we found that HSPB7 expression was markedly increased in mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) from the osteoporotic mice which suggested that HSPB7 might be utilized as a potential target in the development of effective therapeutic strategies to treat osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Conclusion Taken together, these findings uncover a previously unrecognized function of HSPB7 in regulating osteogenic differentiation of hASCs, partly via the ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyuan Jin
- Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ting Shuai
- Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhihui Tang
- Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Dilogo IH, Rahmatika D, Pawitan JA, Liem IK, Kurniawati T, Kispa T, Mujadid F. Allogeneic umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells for treating critical-sized bone defects: a translational study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2020; 31:265-273. [PMID: 32804289 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-020-02765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current 'gold-standard' treatment of critical-sized bone defects (CSBDs) is autografts; however, they have drawbacks including lack of massive bone source donor site morbidity, incomplete remodeling, and the risk of infection. One potential treatment for treating CSBDs is bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). Previously, there were no studies regarding the use of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) for treating BDs. We aim to investigate the use of allogeneic hUC-MSCs for treating CSBDs. METHOD We included subjects who were diagnosed with non-union fracture with CSBDs who agreed to undergo hUC-MSCs implantation. All patients were given allogeneic hUC-MSCs. All MSCs were obtained and cultured using the multiple-harvest explant method. Subjects were evaluated functionally using the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and radiologically by volume defect reduction. RESULT A total of seven (3 male, 4 female) subjects were recruited for this study. The subjects age ranged from 14 to 62 years. All seven subjects had increased LEFS during the end of the follow-up period, indicating improved functional ability. The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 36 months. One subject had wound dehiscence and infection, and two subjects developed partial union. CONCLUSION Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells are a potential new treatment for CSBDs. Additional studies with larger samples and control groups are required to further investigate the safety and efficacy of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells for treating CSBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Hadisoebroto Dilogo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, CMU 2 Building 5th Floor, Jl. Diponegoro 71, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia.
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Dina Rahmatika
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, CMU 2 Building 5th Floor, Jl. Diponegoro 71, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
| | - Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, CMU 2 Building 5th Floor, Jl. Diponegoro 71, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
- Department Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Isabella Kurnia Liem
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, CMU 2 Building 5th Floor, Jl. Diponegoro 71, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tri Kurniawati
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, CMU 2 Building 5th Floor, Jl. Diponegoro 71, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tera Kispa
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, CMU 2 Building 5th Floor, Jl. Diponegoro 71, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
| | - Fajar Mujadid
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, CMU 2 Building 5th Floor, Jl. Diponegoro 71, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
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Goodman SB, Lin T. Modifying MSC Phenotype to Facilitate Bone Healing: Biological Approaches. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:641. [PMID: 32671040 PMCID: PMC7328340 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing of fractures and bone defects normally follows an orderly series of events including formation of a hematoma and an initial stage of inflammation, development of soft callus, formation of hard callus, and finally the stage of bone remodeling. In cases of severe musculoskeletal injury due to trauma, infection, irradiation and other adverse stimuli, deficient healing may lead to delayed or non-union; this results in a residual bone defect with instability, pain and loss of function. Modern methods of mechanical stabilization and autologous bone grafting are often successful in achieving fracture union and healing of bone defects; however, in some cases, this treatment is unsuccessful because of inadequate biological factors. Specifically, the systemic and local microenvironment may not be conducive to bone healing because of a loss of the progenitor cell population for bone and vascular lineage cells. Autologous bone grafting can provide the necessary scaffold, progenitor and differentiated lineage cells, and biological cues for bone reconstruction, however, autologous bone graft may be limited in quantity or quality. These unfavorable circumstances are magnified in systemic conditions with chronic inflammation, including obesity, diabetes, chronic renal disease, aging and others. Recently, strategies have been devised to both mitigate the necessity for, and complications from, open procedures for harvesting of autologous bone by using minimally invasive aspiration techniques and concentration of iliac crest bone cells, followed by local injection into the defect site. More elaborate strategies (not yet approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-FDA) include isolation and expansion of subpopulations of the harvested cells, preconditioning of these cells or inserting specific genes to modulate or facilitate bone healing. We review the literature pertinent to the subject of modifying autologous harvested cells including MSCs to facilitate bone healing. Although many of these techniques and technologies are still in the preclinical stage and not yet approved for use in humans by the FDA, novel approaches to accelerate bone healing by modifying cells has great potential to mitigate the physical, economic and social burden of non-healing fractures and bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tzuhua Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Delitala AP, Scuteri A, Doria C. Thyroid Hormone Diseases and Osteoporosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041034. [PMID: 32268542 PMCID: PMC7230461 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are essential for normal skeletal development and normal bone metabolism in adults but can have detrimental effects on bone structures in states of thyroid dysfunction. Untreated severe hyperthyroidism influences the degree of bone mass and increases the probability of high bone turnover osteoporosis. Subclinical hyperthyroidism, defined as low thyrotropin (TSH) and free hormones within the reference range, is a subtler disease, often asymptomatic, and the diagnosis is incidentally made during screening exams. However, more recent data suggest that this clinical condition may affect bone metabolism resulting in decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of fracture, particularly in postmenopausal women. The main causes of exogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism are inappropriate replacement dose of thyroxin and TSH suppressive L-thyroxine doses in the therapy of benign thyroid nodules and thyroid carcinoma. Available data similarly suggest that a long-term TSH suppressive dose of thyroxin may decrease BMD and may induce an increased risk of fracture. These effects are particularly observed in postmenopausal women but are less evident in premenopausal women. Overt hypothyroidism is known to lower bone turnover by reducing both osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic activity. These changes in bone metabolism would result in an increase in bone mineralization. At the moment, there are no clear data that demonstrate any relationship between BMD in adults and hypothyroidism. Despite these clinical evidences, the cellular and molecular actions of thyroid hormones on bone structures are not complete clear.
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