1
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Deshpande P, Chimata AV, Snider E, Singh A, Kango-Singh M, Singh A. N-Acetyltransferase 9 ameliorates Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration in the Drosophila eye. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:478. [PMID: 37507384 PMCID: PMC10382493 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, manifests as accumulation of amyloid-beta-42 (Aβ42) plaques and intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that results in microtubule destabilization. Targeted expression of human Aβ42 (GMR > Aβ42) in developing Drosophila eye retinal neurons results in Aβ42 plaque(s) and mimics AD-like extensive neurodegeneration. However, there remains a gap in our understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) for Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration. To address this gap in information, we conducted a forward genetic screen, and identified N-acetyltransferase 9 (Mnat9) as a genetic modifier of GMR > Aβ42 neurodegenerative phenotype. Mnat9 is known to stabilize microtubules by inhibiting c-Jun-N- terminal kinase (JNK) signaling. We found that gain-of-function of Mnat9 rescues GMR > Aβ42 mediated neurodegenerative phenotype whereas loss-of-function of Mnat9 exhibits the converse phenotype of enhanced neurodegeneration. Here, we propose a new neuroprotective function of Mnat9 in downregulating the JNK signaling pathway to ameliorate Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration, which is independent of its acetylation activity. Transgenic flies expressing human NAT9 (hNAT9), also suppresses Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration thereby suggesting functional conservation in the interaction of fly Mnat9 or hNAT9 with JNK-mediated neurodegeneration. These studies add to the repertoire of molecular mechanisms that mediate cell death response following accumulation of Aβ42 and may provide new avenues for targeting neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily Snider
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
| | - Aditi Singh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Studies, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
| | - Madhuri Kango-Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
- The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA.
- Premedical Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA.
- The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA.
- Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA.
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2
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Li D, Wang J, Fang Y, Hu Y, Xiao Y, Cui Q, Jiang C, Sun S, Chen H, Ye L, Sun Q. Impaired cell-cell communication and axon guidance because of pulmonary hypoperfusion during postnatal alveolar development. Respir Res 2023; 24:12. [PMID: 36631871 PMCID: PMC9833865 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypoperfusion is common in children with congenital heart diseases (CHDs) or pulmonary hypertension (PH) and causes adult pulmonary dysplasia. Systematic reviews have shown that some children with CHDs or PH have mitigated clinical outcomes with COVID-19. Understanding the effects of pulmonary hypoperfusion on postnatal alveolar development may aid in the development of methods to improve the pulmonary function of children with CHDs or PH and improve their care during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is characterized by cytokine storm and persistent inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS We created a neonatal pulmonary hypoperfusion model through pulmonary artery banding (PAB) surgery at postnatal day 1 (P1). Alveolar dysplasia was confirmed by gross and histological examination at P21. Transcriptomic analysis of pulmonary tissues at P7(alveolar stage 2) and P14(alveolar stage 4) revealed that the postnatal alveolar development track had been changed due to pulmonary hypoperfusion. Under the condition of pulmonary hypoperfusion, the cell-cell communication and axon guidance, which both determine the final number of alveoli, were lost; instead, there was hyperactive cell cycle activity. The transcriptomic results were further confirmed by the examination of axon guidance and cell cycle markers. Because axon guidance controls inflammation and immune cell activation, the loss of axon guidance may explain the lack of severe COVID-19 cases among children with CHDs or PH accompanied by pulmonary hypoperfusion. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that promoting cell-cell communication or supplementation with guidance molecules may treat pulmonary hypoperfusion-induced alveolar dysplasia, and that COVID-19 is less likely to cause a cytokine storm in children with CHD or PH accompanied by pulmonary hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debao Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Jing Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- grid.412523.30000 0004 0386 9086Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Hu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Xiao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Qing Cui
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Jiang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Sijuan Sun
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Lincai Ye
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Qi Sun
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
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3
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de Leeuw VC, van Oostrom CTM, Wackers PFK, Pennings JLA, Hodemaekers HM, Piersma AH, Hessel EVS. Neuronal differentiation pathways and compound-induced developmental neurotoxicity in the human neural progenitor cell test (hNPT) revealed by RNA-seq. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 304:135298. [PMID: 35700809 PMCID: PMC9247748 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There is an increased awareness that the use of animals for compound-induced developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) testing has limitations. Animal-free innovations, especially the ones based on human stem cell-based models are pivotal in studying DNT since they can mimic processes relevant to human brain development. Here we present the human neural progenitor test (hNPT), a 10-day protocol in which neural progenitor cells differentiate into a neuron-astrocyte co-culture. The study aimed to characterise differentiation over time and to find neurodevelopmental processes sensitive to compound exposure using transcriptomics. 3992 genes regulated in unexposed control cultures (p ≤ 0.001, log2FC ≥ 1) showed Gene Ontology (GO-) term enrichment for neuronal and glial differentiation, neurite extension, synaptogenesis, and synaptic transmission. Exposure to known or suspected DNT compounds (acrylamide, chlorpyrifos, fluoxetine, methyl mercury, or valproic acid) at concentrations resulting in 95% cell viability each regulated unique combinations of GO-terms relating to neural progenitor proliferation, neuronal and glial differentiation, axon development, synaptogenesis, synaptic transmission, and apoptosis. Investigation of the GO-terms 'neuron apoptotic process' and 'axon development' revealed common genes that were responsive across compounds, and might be used as biomarkers for DNT. The GO-term 'synaptic signalling', on the contrary, whilst also responsive to all compounds tested, showed little overlap in gene expression regulation patterns between the conditions. This GO-term may articulate compound-specific effects that may be relevant for revealing differences in mechanism of toxicity. Given its focus on neural progenitor cell to mature multilineage neuronal cell maturation and its detailed molecular readout based on gene expression analysis, hNPT might have added value as a tool for neurodevelopmental toxicity testing in vitro. Further assessment of DNT-specific biomarkers that represent these processes needs further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C de Leeuw
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Conny T M van Oostrom
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Paul F K Wackers
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen L A Pennings
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Hennie M Hodemaekers
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen V S Hessel
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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4
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Weghorst F, Mirzakhanyan Y, Hernandez KL, Gershon PD, Cramer KS. Non-Apoptotic Caspase Activity Preferentially Targets a Novel Consensus Sequence Associated With Cytoskeletal Proteins in the Developing Auditory Brainstem. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:844844. [PMID: 35330912 PMCID: PMC8940215 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.844844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory brainstem relies on precise circuitry to facilitate sound source localization. In the chick, the development of this specialized circuitry requires non-apoptotic activity of caspase-3, for which we previously identified several hundred proteolytic substrates. Here we tested whether the sequence of the caspase cleavage site differentially encodes proteolytic preference in apoptotic and non-apoptotic contexts. We constructed a consensus sequence for caspase activity in the non-apoptotic chick auditory brainstem comprising the four residues N-terminal to the cleavage site: IX(G/R)D↓ where X represents no significant enrichment and ↓ represents the cleavage site. We identified GO terms significantly enriched among caspase substrates containing motifs found in the above consensus sequence. (G/R)D↓ was associated with the term “Structural Constituent of Cytoskeleton” (SCoC), suggesting that SCoC proteins may be specifically targeted by caspase activity during non-apoptotic developmental processes. To ascertain whether this consensus sequence was specific to the non-apoptotic auditory brainstem at embryonic day (E) 10, we used protein mass spectrometry of brainstems harvested at a time when auditory brainstem neurons undergo apoptotic cell death (E13). The apoptotic motif VD was significantly enriched among E13 cleavage sites, indicating that motif preference at the P2 subsite had shifted toward the canonical caspase consensus sequence. Additionally, Monte Carlo simulations revealed that only the GD motif was associated with SCoC substrates in the apoptotic auditory brainstem, indicating that GD encodes specificity for SCoC proteins in both non-apoptotic and apoptotic contexts, despite not being preferred in the latter. Finally, to identify candidate human non-apoptotic consensus sequences, we used Monte Carlo analyses to determine motifs and motif pairs associated with SCoC caspase substrates in the Degrabase, a database of cleavage sites in human apoptotic cell lines. We found 11 motifs significantly associated with SCoC proteolysis, including IXXD and GD. We employed a stepwise method to select motif pairs that optimized SCoC specificity for a given coverage of SCoC cleavage events, yielding 11 motif pairs likely to be preferred in SCoC-directed human non-apoptotic caspase consensus sequences. GD + IXXD was among these motif pairs, suggesting a conservation of non-apoptotic consensus sites among vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Weghorst
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Yeva Mirzakhanyan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | - Paul D Gershon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Karina S Cramer
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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5
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Dehkordi MH, Munn RGK, Fearnhead HO. Non-Canonical Roles of Apoptotic Caspases in the Nervous System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:840023. [PMID: 35281082 PMCID: PMC8904960 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.840023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that predominantly cleave their substrates after aspartic acid residues. Much of what we know of caspases emerged from investigation a highly conserved form of programmed cell death called apoptosis. This form of cell death is regulated by several caspases, including caspase-2, caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-8 and caspase-9. However, these “killer” apoptotic caspases have emerged as versatile enzymes that play key roles in a wide range of non-apoptotic processes. Much of what we understand about these non-apoptotic roles is built on work investigating how “killer” caspases control a range of neuronal cell behaviors. This review will attempt to provide an up to date synopsis of these roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid H. Dehkordi
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Howard O. Fearnhead
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Howard O. Fearnhead,
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6
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Pathak A, Clark S, Bronfman FC, Deppmann CD, Carter BD. Long-distance regressive signaling in neural development and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2021; 10:e382. [PMID: 32391977 PMCID: PMC7655682 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nervous system development proceeds via well-orchestrated processes involving a balance between progressive and regressive events including stabilization or elimination of axons, synapses, and even entire neurons. These progressive and regressive events are driven by functionally antagonistic signaling pathways with the dominant pathway eventually determining whether a neural element is retained or removed. Many of these developmental sculpting events are triggered by final target innervation necessitating a long-distance mode of communication. While long-distance progressive signaling has been well characterized, particularly for neurotrophic factors, there remains relatively little known about how regressive events are triggered from a distance. Here we discuss the emergent phenomenon of long-distance regressive signaling pathways. In particular, we will cover (a) progressive and regressive cues known to be employed after target innervation, (b) the mechanisms of long-distance signaling from an endosomal platform, (c) recent evidence that long-distance regressive cues emanate from platforms like death receptors or repulsive axon guidance receptors, and (d) evidence that these pathways are exploited in pathological scenarios. This article is categorized under: Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles Signaling Pathways > Global Signaling Mechanisms Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Cytoplasmic Localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shayla Clark
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Francisca C. Bronfman
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Life Science, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christopher D. Deppmann
- Departments of Biology, Cell Biology, Biomedical Engineering, and Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Bruce D. Carter
- Department of Biochemistry and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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7
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Ahmad Bainmahfouz FR, Ali SS, Al-Shali RA, El-Shitany NAEA. Vitamin E and 5-amino salicylic acid ameliorates acrylamide-induced peripheral neuropathy by inhibiting caspase-3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase immunoexpression. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 113:101935. [PMID: 33588031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide is a fundamental cause of accidental toxicity in humans. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of vitamin E (Vit. E), 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA), and their combination against acrylamide-induced sciatic nerve toxicity. For this purpose, 25 male Wister rats were divided into 5 groups: control, acrylamide, acrylamide + Vit. E, acrylamide + 5-ASA, and acrylamide + Vit. E + 5-ASA. Food intake and body weight were assessed after 7 days. Furthermore, the gait score was also evaluated for each rat. The sciatic nerve was dissected, fixed, and processed for routine light and electron microscopic examination. Haematoxylin and eosin, osmium tetroxide for myelin sheath, and toluidine blue for semithin section were used. In addition, immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were performed. The results showed reduced food intake and body weight in acrylamide rats. Abnormal gait score was also recorded in acrylamide rats with significant improvement in Vit. E, and Vit. E + 5-ASA groups. Histologically, Vit. E and 5-ASA provided potential protection against decreased sciatic nerve axon density, disrupted myelination, and the alteration in the immunohistochemistry induced by acrylamide. Vit. E and its combination with 5-ASA provided more evident protection compared to 5-ASA alone. 5-ASA significantly decreased apoptotic cell death (caspase-3 immunoexpression) while Vit. E failed. Both Vit. E and 5-ASA significantly decreased iNOS immunoexpression in the sciatic nerve, where 5-ASA was superior to Vit. E. These findings concluded that both Vit. E and 5-ASA protect against acrylamide-induced peripheral neuropathy through downregulation of both caspase-3 and iNOS immunoexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmah Rais Ahmad Bainmahfouz
- Department of Anatomy, Cytology, and Histology, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Soad Shaker Ali
- Department of Anatomy, Cytology, and Histology, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Histology, College of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt.
| | - Rasha Abdulrahman Al-Shali
- Department of Anatomy, Cytology, and Histology, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nagla Abd El-Aziz El-Shitany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
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8
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Xiao Z, Wu W, Wu C, Li M, Sun F, Zheng L, Liu G, Li X, Yun Z, Tang J, Yu Y, Luo S, Sun W, Feng X, Cheng Q, Tao X, Wu S, Tao J. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine signature in circulating cell-free DNA as a potential diagnostic factor for early-stage colorectal cancer and precancerous adenoma. Mol Oncol 2020; 15:138-150. [PMID: 33107199 PMCID: PMC7782095 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 85% colorectal cancers (CRCs) are thought to evolve through the adenoma‐to‐carcinoma sequence associated with specific molecular alterations, including the 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) signature in circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA). To explore colorectal disease progression and evaluate the use of cfDNA as a potential diagnostic factor for CRC screening, here, we performed genome‐wide 5hmC profiling in plasma cfDNA and tissue genomic DNA (gDNA) acquired from 101 samples (63 plasma and 38 tissues), collected from 21 early‐stage CRC patients, 21 AD patients, and 21 healthy controls (HC). The gDNA and cfDNA 5hmC signatures identified in gene bodies and promoter regions in CRC and AD groups were compared with those in HC group. All the differential 5hmC‐modified regions (DhMRs) were gathered into four clusters: Disease‐enriched, AD‐enriched, Disease‐lost, and AD‐lost, with no overlap. AD‐related clusters, AD‐enriched and AD‐lost, displayed the unique 5hmC signals in AD patients. Disease‐enriched and Disease‐lost clusters indicated the general 5hmC changes when colorectal lesions occurred. Cancer patients with a confirmable adenoma history segmentally gathered in AD‐enriched clusters. KEGG functional enrichment and GO analyses determined distinct differential 5hmC‐modified profiles in cfDNA of HC individuals, AD, and CRC patients. All patients had comprehensive 5hmC signatures where Disease‐enriched and Disease‐lost DhMR clusters demonstrated similar epigenetic modifications, while AD‐enriched and AD‐lost DhMR clusters indicated complicated subpopulations in adenoma. Analysis of CRC patients with adenoma history showed exclusive 5hmC‐gain characteristics, consistent with the ‘parallel’ evolution hypothesis in adenoma, either developed through the adenoma‐to‐carcinoma sequence or not. These findings deepen our understanding of colorectal disease and suggest that the 5hmC modifications of different pathological subtypes (cancer patients with or without adenoma history) could be used to screen early‐stage CRC and assess adenoma malignancy with large‐scale follow‐up studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZeWen Xiao
- Department of GastroenterologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalChina
| | - Wendy Wu
- Berry Oncology CorporationFuzhouChina
| | - Chunlong Wu
- Department of Endoscopic RoomHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalChina
| | - Man Li
- Department of Endoscopic RoomHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalChina
| | | | - Lu Zheng
- Berry Oncology CorporationFuzhouChina
| | | | | | - Zhiyuan Yun
- Department of VIP WardHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalChina
| | - Jiebing Tang
- Department of GastroenterologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalChina
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of GastroenterologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalChina
| | - Shengnan Luo
- Department of GastroenterologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalChina
| | - Wenji Sun
- Department of GastroenterologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalChina
| | - Xiaohong Feng
- Department of GastroenterologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalChina
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of GastroenterologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalChina
| | - Xue Tao
- Department of HematologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalChina
| | | | - Ji Tao
- Department of GastroenterologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalChina
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9
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Weghorst F, Mirzakhanyan Y, Samimi K, Dhillon M, Barzik M, Cunningham LL, Gershon PD, Cramer KS. Caspase-3 Cleaves Extracellular Vesicle Proteins During Auditory Brainstem Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:573345. [PMID: 33281555 PMCID: PMC7689216 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.573345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sound localization requires extremely precise development of auditory brainstem circuits, the molecular mechanisms of which are largely unknown. We previously demonstrated a novel requirement for non-apoptotic activity of the protease caspase-3 in chick auditory brainstem development. Here, we used mass spectrometry to identify proteolytic substrates of caspase-3 during chick auditory brainstem development. These auditory brainstem caspase-3 substrates were enriched for proteins previously shown to be cleaved by caspase-3, especially in non-apoptotic contexts. Functional annotation analysis revealed that our caspase-3 substrates were also enriched for proteins associated with several protein categories, including proteins found in extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-bound nanoparticles that function in intercellular communication. The proteome of EVs isolated from the auditory brainstem was highly enriched for our caspase-3 substrates. Additionally, we identified two caspase-3 substrates with known functions in axon guidance, namely Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) and Neuronal-glial Cell Adhesion Molecule (Ng-CAM), that were found in auditory brainstem EVs and expressed in the auditory pathway alongside cleaved caspase-3. Taken together, these data suggest a novel developmental mechanism whereby caspase-3 influences auditory brainstem circuit formation through the proteolytic cleavage of extracellular vesicle (EV) proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Weghorst
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Yeva Mirzakhanyan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kian Samimi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mehron Dhillon
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Melanie Barzik
- Section on Sensory Cell Biology, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lisa L. Cunningham
- Section on Sensory Cell Biology, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Paul D. Gershon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Karina S. Cramer
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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10
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Chen X, Jiang Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Xiao M, Song C, Bai Y, Yinuo Han N, Han F. Synapse impairment associated with enhanced apoptosis in post-traumatic stress disorder. Synapse 2019; 74:e22134. [PMID: 31562782 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Synapse impairment is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is characterized by enhanced apoptosis in the hippocampus, amygdala, and other brain regions. However, there are no detailed studies on the relationship between apoptosis and synaptic connectivity in PTSD. In this review, we discuss results from various studies describing the synaptic changes observed in the PTSD brain. A decreased number of dendrites/spines or increased number of immature spines in the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, and other brain regions has been reported. Studies on axon guidance, myelination, and the cytoskeleton suggest that PTSD may involve axon overgrowth and overbranching. Apoptosis affects synapse formation; low levels of caspase maintain the balance between growth cone attraction and repulsion and inhibit axon elongation. PTSD enhances neuronal apoptosis through caspase activation, which disrupts the balance between growth cone attraction and repulsion and alters growth cone trajectory, leading to axon mistargeting. Meanwhile, caspase activation induces dendritic pruning and dendrite degeneration. These events contribute to the formation of fewer and aberrant synapses, which is associated with enhanced apoptosis in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhao Chen
- PTSD Laboratory, Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- PTSD Laboratory, Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- PTSD Laboratory, Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yishu Liu
- PTSD Laboratory, Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Menglei Xiao
- PTSD Laboratory, Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Congshan Song
- PTSD Laboratory, Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Bai
- PTSD Laboratory, Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nancy Yinuo Han
- Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fang Han
- PTSD Laboratory, Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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11
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Felix TF, Lopez Lapa RM, de Carvalho M, Bertoni N, Tokar T, Oliveira RA, M. Rodrigues MA, Hasimoto CN, Oliveira WK, Pelafsky L, Spadella CT, Llanos JC, F. Silva G, Lam WL, Rogatto SR, Amorim LS, Drigo SA, Carvalho RF, Reis PP. MicroRNA modulated networks of adaptive and innate immune response in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217421. [PMID: 31150430 PMCID: PMC6544344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in treatment strategies, only ~24% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients survive >1 year. Our goal was to elucidate deregulated pathways modulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) in PDAC and Vater ampulla (AMP) cancers. Global miRNA expression was identified in 19 PDAC, 6 AMP and 25 paired, histologically normal pancreatic tissues using the GeneChip 4.0 miRNA arrays. Computational approaches were used for miRNA target prediction/identification of miRNA-regulated pathways. Target gene expression was validated in 178 pancreatic cancer and 4 pancreatic normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). 20 miRNAs were significantly deregulated (FC≥2 and p<0.05) (15 down- and 5 up-regulated) in PDAC. miR-216 family (miR-216a-3p, miR-216a-5p, miR-216b-3p and miR-216b-5p) was consistently down-regulated in PDAC. miRNA-modulated pathways are associated with innate and adaptive immune system responses in PDAC. AMP cancers showed 8 down- and 1 up-regulated miRNAs (FDR p<0.05). Most enriched pathways (p<0.01) were RAS and Nerve Growth Factor signaling. PDAC and AMP display different global miRNA expression profiles and miRNA regulated networks/tumorigenesis pathways. The immune response was enriched in PDAC, suggesting the existence of immune checkpoint pathways more relevant to PDAC than AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainara F. Felix
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Research Unity (UNIPEX), Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rainer M. Lopez Lapa
- Experimental Research Unity (UNIPEX), Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio de Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Bertoni
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Research Unity (UNIPEX), Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Tomas Tokar
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rogério A. Oliveira
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria A. M. Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia N. Hasimoto
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Walmar K. Oliveira
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Pelafsky
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - César T. Spadella
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Juan C. Llanos
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanni F. Silva
- Department of Clinics and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Wan L. Lam
- Genetics Unity, Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Silvia Regina Rogatto
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark, DK
| | | | - Sandra A. Drigo
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Research Unity (UNIPEX), Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Robson F. Carvalho
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia P. Reis
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Research Unity (UNIPEX), Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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12
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Liu B, Xu Q, Wang J, Lin J, Pei Y, Cui Y, Wang G, Zhu L. Recombinant human growth hormone treatment of mice suppresses inflammation and apoptosis caused by skin flap ischemia–reperfusion injury. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18162-18171. [PMID: 31144385 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Liu
- Orthopaedic Department Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Qingjia Xu
- Orthopaedic Department Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Juntao Wang
- Orthopaedic Department Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Junhao Lin
- Orthopaedic Department Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Yantao Pei
- Orthopaedic Department Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Yidong Cui
- Orthopaedic Department Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Gang Wang
- Orthopaedic Department Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Orthopaedic Department Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China
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