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Sellamuthu S, Chowdhury ZZ, Khalid K, Shibly SM, Rahman MM, Rana M, Badruddin IA, Khaleed HMT, Kamangar S, Johan MRB, Hussein M, Mitra A, Faisal AN. Mathematical Modelling and Optimization for Facile Synthesis of Structured Activated Carbon (ACs) from Adansonia kilima ( Baobab) Wood Chips Integrating Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis for the Elimination of Lead (II) Cations from Wastewater Effluents. Molecules 2023; 28:6640. [PMID: 37764415 PMCID: PMC10536714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, activated carbon (AC) was synthesized from ligno-cellulosic residues of Adansonia kilima (Baobab) wood chips (AKTW) using two-step semi-carbonization and subsequent pyrolysis using microwave-induced heating (MWP) in the presence of a mild activating agent of K2CO3. The influence of process input variables of microwave power (x1), residence time (y1), and amount of K2CO3 (z1) were analysed to yield superior quality carbon having maximum removal efficiencies (R1) for lead (II) cations from waste effluents, fixed carbon percentages (R2), and carbon yield percentages (R3). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to develop relevant mathematical models, with an appropriate statistical assessment of errors. Level factorial response surface methodology (RSM) relying on the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was implemented for the experimental design. The surface area and porous texture of the samples were determined using Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) adsorption/desorption curves based on the N2 isotherm. Surface morphological structure was observed using field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to observe the thermal stability of the sample. Change in the carbon content of the samples was determined using ultimate analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to observe the crystalline and amorphous texture of the samples. The retention of a higher proportion of fixed carbon (80.01%) ensures that the synthesized adsorbent (AKTWAC) will have a greater adsorption capacity while avoiding unwanted catalytic activity for our synthesized final sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhana Sellamuthu
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia (A.M.); (A.N.F.)
| | - Zaira Zaman Chowdhury
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia (A.M.); (A.N.F.)
| | - Khalisanni Khalid
- Malaysian Agricultural Research & Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Shahjalal Mohd. Shibly
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia (A.M.); (A.N.F.)
| | - Md Mahfujur Rahman
- Institute of Halal Management, Islamic Business School, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah 06010, Malaysia
| | - Masud Rana
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia (A.M.); (A.N.F.)
- Department of Civil Engineering, World University of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Irfan Anjum Badruddin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 394, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. M. T. Khaleed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University, Madinah Munawwarra 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfaraz Kamangar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 394, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Rafie Bin Johan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia (A.M.); (A.N.F.)
| | - Mohamed Hussein
- Department of Chiemistry, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajita Mitra
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia (A.M.); (A.N.F.)
| | - Abu Nasser Faisal
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia (A.M.); (A.N.F.)
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Karkoosh H, Vithanage M, Sarmah AK. The role of anthocyanin and kaolinite in modifying cabbage leaves biochar for removal of potentially toxic elements and pharmaceutical from aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 325:121435. [PMID: 36924915 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of two novel engineered biochar composites by pyrolyzing cabbage leaves at 350 °C after pre-treating them with anthocyanin, followed by a post-treatment with kaolinite for the removal of two potentially toxic elements (copper and lead) and a pharmaceutical compound, metoprolol. Results showed that the Kaolinite-biochar composite (KB) exhibited the highest adsorption capacity, 188.67 and 48.07 mg/g for Pb and Cu at pH 5, and the anthocyanin-biochar composite (AB) exhibited the highest adsorption capacity: 41.15 mg/g for metoprolol at pH 6, compared to raw biochar respectively. The enhancement of the adsorption of heavy metal and metoprolol by KB and AB was due to an increase in certain oxygen functional groups, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results. The pseudo-second order kinetic model, along with Langmuir isotherm model, best described the kinetic and the isotherms for Pb, Cu and metoprolol in KB and AB composites, respectively. FTIR, XPS, and zeta potential measurements indicated that the sorption mechanisms involved electrostatic interaction, ion exchange, and complexation for the metals, while electrostatic interaction, H-bonding, π-πinteraction, and hydrophobic bonding were postulated as the contributing mechanisms in the sorption process of metoprolol. Anthocyanin and kaolinite could potentially be considered as alternative sustainable materials for modifying raw biochar and remediating toxic elements and pharmaceuticals in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Karkoosh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1072, New Zealand
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Ajit K Sarmah
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1072, New Zealand.
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Raut ER, Bedmohata Thakur MA, Chaudhari AR. Study of synthesis and characterization of raw bagasse, its char and activated carbon prepared using chemical additive. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:2233-2249. [PMID: 37186627 PMCID: wst_2023_134 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the use of naturally available raw material as sugarcane bagasse (SB) to prepare cost-effective activated carbon. Activated carbon preparation from SB by using ZnCl2 was carried out by chemical activation method. The raw bagasse, its char and activated carbon were characterized on the basis of iodine number, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area to check their effectiveness. During activated carbon synthesis, the impregnation ratio of SB and ZnCl2 was maintained at 1:1-1:3 and activation temperature was in the range of 600-900 °C for 1 h. From the characterization study, the highest iodine adsorption of activated carbon was found to be 1140.69 mg/g with a 1:2 ratio at 900 °C whereas char gives an iodine number of 529.63 mg/g at the same temperature. The BET surface area of raw bagasse, its char and activated carbon (SB-Zn2-900) obtained was 4.30, 514.27 and 1386.58 m2/g, respectively, which shows charrification and chemical activation improves surface area. The optimum ratio of impregnation and activation temperature was found to be 1:2 at 900 °C. In this work, activated carbon was successfully prepared and obtained product has better characteristics than previously reported studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta R Raut
- G H Raisoni University, Amravati, 444701, India E-mail: ; G H Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur, 440016, India
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Jin X, Rahman MKU, Ma C, Zheng X, Wu F, Zhou X. Silicon modification improves biochar's ability to mitigate cadmium toxicity in tomato by enhancing root colonization of plant-beneficial bacteria. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114407. [PMID: 36508786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Modification of biochar, such as impregnation with minerals, can improve biochar's efficacy to mitigate heavy metal toxicity in plants. Biochar amendments can alter plant rhizosphere microbiome, which has profound effects on plant growth and fitness. Here, we tested whether rhizosphere microbiome is involved in the ability of silicon (Si)-modified biochar to mitigate cadmium toxicity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). We demonstrated that Si modification altered biochar's physico-chemical properties and enhanced its ability to mitigate cadmium toxicity in tomato. Particularly, the Si-modified biochar contained higher content of Si and increased plant-available Si content in the soil. The rhizosphere microbiome transplant experiment showed that changes in rhizosphere microbiome contributed to the mitigation of cadmium toxicity by biochar amendments. The raw biochar and Si-modified biochar differently altered tomato rhizosphere bacterial community composition. Both biochars, especially the Si-modified biochar, promoted specific bacterial taxa (e.g., Sphingomonas, Lysobacter and Pseudomonas spp.). Subsequent culturing found these promoted bacteria could mitigate cadmium toxicity in tomato. Moreover, both biochars stimulated tomato to recruit plant-beneficial bacteria with Si-modified biochar having stronger stimulatory effects, indicating that the positive effects of biochar on plant-beneficial bacteria was partially mediated via the host plant. Overall, Si modification enhanced biochar's ability to mitigate cadmium toxicity, which was linked to the stimulatory effects on plant-beneficial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Muhammad Khashi U Rahman
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Changli Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xianqing Zheng
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Fengzhi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xingang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Huang H, Zheng Y, Wei D, Yang G, Peng X, Fan L, Luo L, Zhou Y. Efficient removal of pefloxacin from aqueous solution by acid-alkali modified sludge-based biochar: adsorption kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamics, and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:43201-43211. [PMID: 35091955 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, one kind of acid-alkali modified sludge-based biochar (ASBC) was synthesized, characterized, and employed as adsorbent for the removal of pefloxacin. The characterization results showed that the specific surface area (SSA) of ASBC (53.381 m2/g) was significantly higher than that of SBC (24.411 m2/g). ASBC had a rougher surface, larger particle distribution, lower zero point charge, and richer functional groups (e.g., C-O and O-H) than SBC. The adsorption capacity of ASBC was 1.82 times than that of SBC. After 8 adsorption cycles in reuse experiment, the adsorption capacity of ASBC for pefloxacin still reached 144.08 mg/L, indicating that ASBC has good reusability. Static experiments showed that the optimal pH value was 6.0 in the adsorption of pefloxacin on SBC and ASBC. The result of adsorption kinetics indicated that the pseudo-second-order model could describe well the adsorption process. The Freundlich model was better than the Langmuir model to describe the adsorption of pefloxacin by ASBC, indicating that the adsorption process was mainly multilayer adsorption. Thermodynamic result showed that the adsorption of pefloxacin by ASBC was spontaneous and endothermic. The removal mechanism of pefloxacin by ASBC is mainly the substitution reaction and π-π EDA interaction. In summary, acid-alkali modified biochar is an effective adsorbent for pefloxacin in aqueous solution, and has great application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Huang
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yongxin Zheng
- Yueyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yueyang, 414000, China
| | - Dongning Wei
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Xin Peng
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lingjia Fan
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Celso Gonçalves A, Zimmermann J, Schwantes D, Tarley CRT, Conradi Junior E, Henrique Dias de Oliveira V, Campagnolo MA, Ziemer GL. Renewable Eco-Friendly Activated Biochar from Tobacco: Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamics Studies for Chlorpyrifos Removal. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2021.1890776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Affonso Celso Gonçalves
- Center of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliano Zimmermann
- Center of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniel Schwantes
- Departamento De Ciencias Vegetales, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Elio Conradi Junior
- Center of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Angelo Campagnolo
- Department of Agronomy, Educational College of Medianeira (UDC Medianeira), Medianeira, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Lindner Ziemer
- Center of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Paraná, Brazil
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Akinpelu AA, Chowdhury ZZ, Shibly SM, Faisal ANM, Badruddin IA, Rahman MM, Amin MA, Sagadevan S, Akbarzadeh O, Khan TMY, Kamangar S, Khalid K, Saidur R, Johan MR. Adsorption Studies of Volatile Organic Compound (Naphthalene) from Aqueous Effluents: Chemical Activation Process Using Weak Lewis Acid, Equilibrium Kinetics and Isotherm Modelling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042090. [PMID: 33669883 PMCID: PMC7923291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study deals with the preparation of activated carbon (CDSP) from date seed powder (DSP) by chemical activation to eliminate polyaromatic hydrocarbon-PAHs (naphthalene-C10H8) from synthetic wastewater. The chemical activation process was carried out using a weak Lewis acid of zinc acetate dihydrate salt (Zn(CH3CO2)2·2H2O). The equilibrium isotherm and kinetics analysis was carried out using DSP and CDSP samples, and their performances were compared for the removal of a volatile organic compound-naphthalene (C10H8)-from synthetic aqueous effluents or wastewater. The equilibrium isotherm data was analyzed using the linear regression model of the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equations. The R2 values for the Langmuir isotherm were 0.93 and 0.99 for naphthalene (C10H8) adsorption using DSP and CDSP, respectively. CDSP showed a higher equilibrium sorption capacity (qe) of 379.64 µg/g. DSP had an equilibrium sorption capacity of 369.06 µg/g for C10H8. The rate of reaction was estimated for C10H8 adsorption using a pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich kinetic equation. The reaction mechanism for both the sorbents (CDSP and DSP) was studied using the intraparticle diffusion model. The equilibrium data was well-fitted with the pseudo-second order kinetics model showing the chemisorption nature of the equilibrium system. CDSP showed a higher sorption performance than DSP due to its higher BET surface area and carbon content. Physiochemical characterizations of the DSP and CDSP samples were carried out using the BET surface area analysis, Fourier-scanning microscopic analysis (FSEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and Fourier-transform spectroscopic analysis (FTIR). A thermogravimetric and ultimate analysis was also carried out to determine the carbon content in both the sorbents (DSP and CDSP) here. This study confirms the potential of DSP and CDSP to remove C10H8 from lab-scale synthetic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola A. Akinpelu
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia or (A.A.A.); (S.M.S.); (A.N.M.F.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (M.R.J.)
- Center of Environment and Water, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 34464, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaira Zaman Chowdhury
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia or (A.A.A.); (S.M.S.); (A.N.M.F.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (M.R.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-7967-2929 or +601-0267-5621
| | - Shahjalal Mohd. Shibly
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia or (A.A.A.); (S.M.S.); (A.N.M.F.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (M.R.J.)
| | - Abu Nasser Mohd Faisal
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia or (A.A.A.); (S.M.S.); (A.N.M.F.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (M.R.J.)
| | - Irfan Anjum Badruddin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 394, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.B.); (T.M.Y.K.); (S.K.)
- Research Center of Advanced Materials and Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Md. Al Amin
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Suresh Sagadevan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia or (A.A.A.); (S.M.S.); (A.N.M.F.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (M.R.J.)
| | - Omid Akbarzadeh
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia or (A.A.A.); (S.M.S.); (A.N.M.F.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (M.R.J.)
| | - T. M. Yunus Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 394, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.B.); (T.M.Y.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sarfaraz Kamangar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 394, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.B.); (T.M.Y.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Khalisanni Khalid
- Malaysian Agricultural Research & Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang 43000, Malaysia;
- Biocomposite Technology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product (INTROP), University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R. Saidur
- Research Centre for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Rafie Johan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia or (A.A.A.); (S.M.S.); (A.N.M.F.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (M.R.J.)
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Du J, Kim SH, Hassan MA, Irshad S, Bao J. Application of biochar in advanced oxidation processes: supportive, adsorptive, and catalytic role. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:37286-37312. [PMID: 31933079 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), especially sulphate radical (SO4•-)-based AOPs (SR-AOPs), have been considered more effective, selective, and prominent technologies for the removal of highly toxic emerging contaminants (ECs) due to wide operational pH range and relatively higher oxidation potential (2.5-3.1 V). Recently, biochar (BC)-based composite materials have been introduced in AOPs due to the dual benefits of adsorption and catalytic degradation, but the scientific review of BC-based catalysts for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) through radical- and non-radical-oriented routes for EC removal was rarely reported. The chemical treatments, such as acid/base treatment, chemical oxidation, surfactant incorporation, and coating and impregnation of minerals, were applied to make BC suitable as supporting materials (SMs) for the loading of Fenton catalysts to boost up peroxymonosulphate/persulphate/H2O2 activation to get ROSs including •OH, SO4•-, 1O2, and O2•- for targeted pollutant degradation. In this review, all the possible merits of BC-based catalysts including supportive, adsorptive, and catalytic role are summarised along with the possible route for the development prospects of BC properties. The limitations of SR-AOPs especially on production of non-desired oxyanions, as well as disinfection intermediates and their potential solutions, have been identified. Lastly, the knowledge gap and future-oriented research needs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangkun Du
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Korea
| | - Muhammad Azher Hassan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Sana Irshad
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Bao
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Wang X, Guo Z, Hu Z, Zhang J. Recent advances in biochar application for water and wastewater treatment: a review. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9164. [PMID: 32477836 PMCID: PMC7243815 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, researchers have carried out a massive amount of research on the application of biochar for contaminants removal from aqueous solutions. As an emerging sorbent with great potential, biochar has shown significant advantages such as the broad sources of feedstocks, easy preparation process, and favorable surface and structural properties. This review provides an overview of recent advances in biochar application in water and wastewater treatment, including a brief discussion of the involved sorption mechanisms of contaminants removal, as well as the biochar modification methods. Furthermore, environmental concerns of biochar that need to be paid attention to and future research directions are put forward to promote the further application of biochar in practical water and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R.China
| | - Zizhang Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R.China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R.China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R.China
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Rizwan M, Lin Q, Chen X, Li Y, Li G, Zhao X, Tian Y. Synthesis, characterization and application of magnetic and acid modified biochars following alkaline pretreatment of rice and cotton straws. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136532. [PMID: 31981863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of distinct biochar from agricultural waste for soil and environment remediation is valuable. Moderate pretreatment with sodium hydroxide may open the lignocellulosic structure of crop straw and then enhance the impregnation of iron oxides and phosphates, finally leading to the production of distinct biochars. In this study, two common agricultural wastes of rice and cotton straw were first treated with a dilute NaOH solution and then soaked in either Fe-Co nitrate or H3PO4 solution. The biochars produced through a slow pyrolysis process were then analyzed with respect to their physico-chemical and adsorptive properties. The results showed that all pretreatments remarkably changed the physico-chemical properties of the feedstocks and subsequently endowed the biochars with distinct characteristics. The biochars had specific surface areas (SSAs) ranging from 12.26 to 581.13 m2/g, total pore volumes (TPVs) ranging from 0.033 to 0.3736 cm3/g and average pore volumes (APSs) ranging from 2.57 to 10.76 nm. They also contained a large amount of positive charge, an anion exchange capacity (pH 3.5) ranging from 251.78 to 810.13 mmol/kg, and a certain amount of negative charge as well, cation exchange capacity (pH 7.0) ranging from 108.22 to 464.67 mmol/kg. The adsorption capacities of the modified biochars toward both Pb2+ and Cd2+ were 23.07-82.74% and 16.90-556.33% higher than those of pristine biochars, respectively. Of the modified biochars, the Fe-Co-composite biochar showed many promising physico-chemical and adsorptive properties for adsorbing divalent metals of both Pb2+ and Cd2+ and might thus have high potential as a soil amendment and an alternative adsorbent for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qimei Lin
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guitong Li
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhao
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanfang Tian
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Zhang Y, Song X, Zhang P, Gao H, Ou C, Kong X. Production of activated carbons from four wastes via one-step activation and their applications in Pb 2+ adsorption: Insight of ash content. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125587. [PMID: 31864062 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural biomass is a renewable source for precursors of porous carbon. Four agriculture wastes of corn cob (CC), wheat bran (WB), rice husk (RH), and soybean shell (SS) were applied to produce activated carbons (ACs) via one-step activation by sodium hydroxide. The effects of ash contents and NaOH dosage ratio (1-5) on surface area for ACs were investigated. Owing to ash etching, the high ash precursor (like RH) exhibited less alkali consumption and larger surface area than low ash one (like CC). All four ACs expressed developed pore structure and outstanding surface area of ∼2500 m2g-1. During adsorption of lead ions in simulated wastewater, RH-based AC revealed superior capture capacity of 492 ± 15 mgg-1. One-step activation had the potential to deliver savings around 1/3 of energy consumption, enabling the cost performance of high ash RH-based AC reaching 194 ± 12 g Pb2+$-1, 76% larger than low ash CC-based AC. High ash biomass is a promising candidate to obtain eco-friendly carbon products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Mineral Materials and Application of Hunan Province, School of Mineral Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaolan Song
- Key Laboratory for Mineral Materials and Application of Hunan Province, School of Mineral Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Hongpeng Gao
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Cuiyun Ou
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaodong Kong
- Key Laboratory for Mineral Materials and Application of Hunan Province, School of Mineral Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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Li Y, Li Q, Wu C, Luo X, Yu X, Chen M. The inappropriate application of the regression Langmuir Q m for adsorption capacity comparison. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 699:134222. [PMID: 31677471 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Langmuir equation, the best known adsorption model in the past century, was extensively applied to describe adsorption isotherms. The saturated adsorption amount (Qm) obtained from the Langmuir model is an essential index to evaluate the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent, which was assumed to be irrelevant to the aqueous concentration of the adsorbate. Adsorption isotherms of cadmium onto soil and biochar were performed in the current study, and the regression Langmuir Qm was demonstrated to be highly dependent on the aqueous concentration. The regression Qm increased from 0.066 to 2.17 mg·g-1 (by ~3-fold) for the selected soil, and from 2.12 to 48.4 mg·g-1 (by ~23-fold) for the chosen biochar when the highest initial aqueous concentration increased from 2.34 to 887 mg·L-1. One inappropriate application for comparison of the regression Langmuir Qm as the adsorption capacity is found, i.e., it is difficult to directly compare the regression Qm without neither a saturated isotherm nor considering the experimental conditions. It is also very hard to accurately predict adsorption behavior by the regressed Langmuir model obtained from a partial adsorption isotherm. It is suggested to pay more attention to the difference between the saturated adsorption capacity and the regression Qm value derived from one unsaturated isotherm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungui Li
- Sichuan Provincial Sci-Tech Cooperation Base of Low-cost Wastewater Treatment Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Qingqing Li
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Caixia Wu
- Sichuan Provincial Sci-Tech Cooperation Base of Low-cost Wastewater Treatment Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- Sichuan Provincial Sci-Tech Cooperation Base of Low-cost Wastewater Treatment Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Sichuan Provincial Sci-Tech Cooperation Base of Low-cost Wastewater Treatment Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Mengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
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Shakoor MB, Ali S, Rizwan M, Abbas F, Bibi I, Riaz M, Khalil U, Niazi NK, Rinklebe J. A review of biochar-based sorbents for separation of heavy metals from water. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 22:111-126. [PMID: 31686525 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1647405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is the low-cost and environmental-friendly material which has shown a great potential for separation of heavy metals from water. The previous studies have established a superior role of biochar over other materials, such as activated carbon and inorganic sorbents (iron based) in efficient removal of toxic heavy metals from aqueous systems. Among the various factors influencing heavy metals sorption ability of biochar, types of feedstock/biomass and pyrolysis temperature play a significant role. The goal of this review is to increase our understanding of heavy metals sorption behavior by biochars - this is important as heavy metals sorption is driven based on biochar type, heavy metals species which involve numerous mechanisms, including the physical binding, complexation, ion exchange, surface precipitation and electrostatic interactions. In addition, this review paper describes various approaches to improve heavy metal sorption capacity of biochars by steam and acids/bases activations and impregnation of biochar-based composites with minerals, organic compounds and carbon-rich materials. The physical/chemical activation of biochars can improve the surface area, thus leading to their improved functionality, while modification/pretreatment methods help in synthesizing composites using biochar as a supporting media to develop new sorbents with efficient surface attributes for heavy metals removal from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Shakoor
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen City, Fujian, China
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Khalil
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
- Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, University of Sejong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Fu D, Zhang Q, Fan Z, Qi H, Wang Z, Peng L. Aged microplastics polyvinyl chloride interact with copper and cause oxidative stress towards microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 216:105319. [PMID: 31586885 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) could pose potential risks to microalgae, the primary producer of marine ecosystems. Currently, few studies focus on the interaction of aged MPs with other pollutants and their toxic effects to microalgae. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate i) the aging of microplastics polyvinyl chloride (mPVC) in simulated seawater and the changes in physical and chemical properties; ii) the effects of single mPVC (virgin and aged) and copper on microalgae Chlorella vulgaris; and iii) the interaction of aged mPVC and copper and the oxidative stress towards C. vulgaris. In this study, some wrinkles, rough and fractured surface textures can be observed on the aged mPVC, accompanying with increased hydroxyl groups and aromatic carbon-carbon double bond but decreased carbon hydrogen bond. It was found that single virgin or aged mPVC at low concentration (10 mg/L) had significant inhibition on the growth of C. vulgaris but no inhibition at higher concentration (100, 1,000 mg/L), which can be reasonably explained by the aggregation and precipitation of mPVC at high concentration. The aging of mPVC inhibited the growth of C. vulgaris with the maximum growth inhibition ratio (IR) of 35.26% as compared with that of virgin mPVC (IR = 28.5%). However, the single copper could significantly inhibit the growth of C. vulgaris and the inhibitory effects increased with concentration (0.2, 0.5, 1.0 mg/L). Furthermore, both the single aged mPVC (10 mg/L) and copper (0.5 mg/L) caused serious cell damage, although the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the intracellular malonaldehyde (MDA) increased. In contrast to single treatment, the growth of C. vulgaris can be enhanced by the combined group with copper (0.5 mg/L) and aged mPVC (10 mg/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Fu
- Department of Environmental Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228 PR China
| | - Qiongjie Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228 PR China
| | - Zhengquan Fan
- Department of Environmental Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228 PR China
| | - Huaiyuan Qi
- Department of Environmental Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228 PR China
| | - Zezheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228 PR China
| | - Licheng Peng
- Department of Environmental Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228 PR China.
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15
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Activated biochar with iron-loading and its application in removing Cr (VI) from aqueous solution. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sajjadi B, Broome JW, Chen WY, Mattern DL, Egiebor NO, Hammer N, Smith CL. Urea functionalization of ultrasound-treated biochar: A feasible strategy for enhancing heavy metal adsorption capacity. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 51:20-30. [PMID: 30514482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of a series of our researches is to develop a novel acoustic-based method for activation of biochar. This study investigates the capability of biochar in adsorbing Ni(II) as a hazardous contaminant and aims at enhancing its adsorption capacity by the addition of extra nitrogen and most probably phosphorous and oxygen containing sites using an ultrasono-chemical modification mechanism. To reach this objective, biochar physically modified by low-frequency ultrasound waves (USB) was chemically treated by phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and then functionalized by urea (CO(NH2)2). Cavitation induced by ultrasound waves exfoliates and breaks apart the regular shape of graphitic oxide layers of biochar, cleans smooth surfaces, and increases the porosity and permeability of biochar's carbonaceous structure. These phenomena synergistically combined with urea functionalization to attach the amine groups onto the biochar surface and remarkably increased the adsorption of Ni(II). It was found that the modified biochar could remove > 99% of 100 mg Ni(II)/L in only six hours, while the raw biochar removed only 73.5% of Ni(II) in twelve hours. It should be noted that physical treatment of biochar with ultrasound energy, which can be applied at room temperature for a very short duration, followed by chemical functionalization is an economical and efficient method of biochar modification compared with traditional methods, which are usually applied in a very severe temperature (>873 K) for a long duration. Such modified biochars can help protect human health from metal-ion corrosion of degrading piping in cities with aging infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baharak Sajjadi
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Mississippi, 134 Anderson Hall, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA.
| | - James William Broome
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Mississippi, 134 Anderson Hall, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Wei Yin Chen
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Mississippi, 134 Anderson Hall, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Daniell L Mattern
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, MS 38677, USA
| | - Nosa O Egiebor
- Environmental Resources Engineering Department, College of Environmental Science and Forestry (ESF), 206 Bray Hall, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Nathan Hammer
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, MS 38677, USA
| | - Cameron L Smith
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, MS 38677, USA
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17
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Chemical activation of biochar for energy and environmental applications: a comprehensive review. REV CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2018-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biochar (BC) generated from thermal and hydrothermal cracking of biomass is a carbon-rich product with the microporous structure. The graphene-like structure of BC contains different chemical functional groups (e.g. phenolic, carboxylic, carbonylic, etc.), making it a very attractive tool for wastewater treatment, CO2 capture, toxic gas adsorption, soil amendment, supercapacitors, catalytic applications, etc. However, the carbonaceous and mineral structure of BC has a potential to accept more favorable functional groups and discard undesirable groups through different chemical processes. The current review aims at providing a comprehensive overview on different chemical modification mechanisms and exploring their effects on BC physicochemical properties, functionalities, and applications. To reach these objectives, the processes of oxidation (using either acidic or alkaline oxidizing agents), amination, sulfonation, metal oxide impregnation, and magnetization are investigated and compared. The nature of precursor materials, modification preparatory/conditions, and post-modification processes as the key factors which influence the final product properties are considered in detail; however, the focus is dedicated to the most common methods and those with technological importance.
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Yi S, Sun Y, Hu X, Xu H, Gao B, Wu J. Porous nano-cerium oxide wood chip biochar composites for aqueous levofloxacin removal and sorption mechanism insights. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:25629-25637. [PMID: 28091999 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption removal of levofloxacin (LEV), a widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic, by using the biochars derived from the pyrolysis of pine wood chip pretreated with cerium trichloride was investigated through batch sorption experiments and multiple characterization techniques. The differences in the basic physicochemical properties between Ce-impregnated biochars and the pristine biochars were confirmed by the analysis of elemental compositions, specific surface areas, energy dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and thermo-gravimetry. FT-IR spectra of the pre- and post-sorption biochars confirmed the chemical adsorption for LEV sorption onto the biochars. Large shifts in the binding energy of Ce3d, O1s, C1s, and N1s regions on the pre- and post-sorption biochars indicated the surface complexation of LEV molecule onto the biochars. The binding species of Ce4+ and Ce3+ identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reflect the role of Ce oxides during sorption. Batch adsorption showed the significant enhancement of adsorption capacity for LEV after the Ce modification. Batch adsorption kinetic data fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model. Both the Langmuir and the Freundlich models reproduced the isotherm data well. Findings from this work indicated that Ce-impregnated biochars can be effective for the removal of aqueous LEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengze Yi
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry (Ministry of Education), Hydrosciences Department, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry (Ministry of Education), Hydrosciences Department, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Center of Material Analysis and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, 20 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongxia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry (Ministry of Education), Hydrosciences Department, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jichun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry (Ministry of Education), Hydrosciences Department, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Chowdhury ZZ, Krishnan B, Sagadevan S, Rafique RF, Hamizi NAB, Abdul Wahab Y, Khan AA, Johan RB, Al-Douri Y, Kazi SN, Tawab Shah S. Effect of Temperature on the Physical, Electro-Chemical and Adsorption Properties of Carbon Micro-Spheres Using Hydrothermal Carbonization Process. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E597. [PMID: 30082616 PMCID: PMC6116296 DOI: 10.3390/nano8080597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This research deals with the effect of the temperature on the physical, thermal, electrochemical, and adsorption properties of the carbon micro-spheres using hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Until recently, limited research has been conducted regarding the effects of delignification during the HTC process of biomass residues especially Dimocarpus longan. In this regard, lignin was first extracted from the lingo-cellulosic waste of Longan fruit peel (Dimocarpus longan). The holocellulose (HC) separated from lignin and raw biomass substrates (Longan fruit exocarp/peel powder, LFP) were carbonized at different temperatures using water as the green catalyst. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was performed for both of the samples (LFP and HC) at 200 °C, 250 °C, and 300 °C for 24 h each. The surface morphological structures, the porosity, and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of the prepared micro-spherical carbon were determined. The BET surface areas obtained for HC-based carbon samples were lower than that of the raw LFP based carbon samples. The carbon obtained was characterized using ultimate and proximate analyses. The surface morphological features and phase transformation of the synthesized micro-spherical carbon was characterized by a field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results demonstrated that the extraction of lignin could significantly alter the end properties of the synthesized carbon sample. The carbon spheres derived from LFP showed a higher carbon content than the HC-based carbon. The absence of lignin in the holo-cellulose (HC) made it easy to disintegrate in comparison to the raw, LFP-based carbon samples during the HTC process. The carbonaceous samples (LFP-300 and HC-300) prepared at 300 °C were selected and their adsorption performance for Pb (II) cations was observed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin linear isotherm models. At 30 °C, the equilibrium data followed the Langmuir isotherm model more than the Freundlich and Temkin model for both the LFP-300 sample and the HC-300 sample. The potential of the synthesized carbon microspheres were further analyzed by thermodynamic characterizations of the adsorption equilibrium system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Zaman Chowdhury
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Bagavathi Krishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang, Pekan Pahang 26600, Malaysia.
| | - Suresh Sagadevan
- Centre for Nanotechnology, AMET University, Chennai 603112, India.
- Centre for Foundation Studies, Department of Physics, National Defense University Malaysia, Kem Sg. Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rahman Faizur Rafique
- Rutgers Cooperative Extension Water Resources Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Nor Aliya Binti Hamizi
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Yasmin Abdul Wahab
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Ali Akbar Khan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Rafie Bin Johan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Y Al-Douri
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Sidi-Bel-Abbes 22000, Algeria.
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Besiktas, Istanbul 34349, Turkey.
| | - Salim Newaz Kazi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Syed Tawab Shah
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Wang L, Chen Z, Wen H, Cai Z, He C, Wang Z, Yan W. Microwave assisted modification of activated carbons by organic acid ammoniums activation for enhanced adsorption of acid red 18. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Sizmur T, Fresno T, Akgül G, Frost H, Moreno-Jiménez E. Biochar modification to enhance sorption of inorganics from water. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 246:34-47. [PMID: 28781204 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biochar can be used as a sorbent to remove inorganic pollutants from water but the efficiency of sorption can be improved by activation or modification. This review evaluates various methods to increase the sorption efficiency of biochar including activation with steam, acids and bases and the production of biochar-based composites with metal oxides, carbonaceous materials, clays, organic compounds, and biofilms. We describe the approaches, and explain how each modification alters the sorption capacity. Physical and chemical activation enhances the surface area or functionality of biochar, whereas modification to produce biochar-based composites uses the biochar as a scaffold to embed new materials to create surfaces with novel surface properties upon which inorganic pollutants can sorb. Many of these approaches enhance the retention of a wide range of inorganic pollutants in waters, but here we provide a comparative assessment for Cd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, NH4+, NO3-, PO43-, CrO42- and AsO43-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Sizmur
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DW, UK
| | - Teresa Fresno
- Department of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gökçen Akgül
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Energy Systems Engineering, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Harrison Frost
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DW, UK
| | - Eduardo Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Petrović JT, Stojanović MD, Milojković JV, Petrović MS, Šoštarić TD, Laušević MD, Mihajlović ML. Alkali modified hydrochar of grape pomace as a perspective adsorbent of Pb(2+) from aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 182:292-300. [PMID: 27494605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrochar produced via hydrothermal carbonization of grape pomace was considered as novel sorbent of Pb(2+) from aqueous solution. In order to enhance the adsorption capacity, hydrochar was chemically modified using 2 M KOH solution. Both materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction technique. Batch experiments were performed to examine the effect of sorbent dosage, pH and contact time. Obtained results showed that the KOH treatment increased the sorption capacity of hydrochar from 27.8 mg g(-1) up to 137 mg g(-1) at pH 5. Adsorption of lead on either of the materials was achieved through ion-exchange mechanism, chemisorption and Pb(2+)-π interaction. The Sips isotherm model gave the best fit with the experimental data obtained for Pb(2+) sorption using activated hydrochar. The adsorption kinetic followed a pseudo second-order model. Thermodynamic parameters implied that the Pb(2+) binding for hydrochar surface was spontaneous and exothermic process. Findings from this work suggest that the hydrothermal carbonization is a promising route for production of efficient Pb (2+) sorbents for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena T Petrović
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, 86 Franchet d'Esperey St., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Mirjana D Stojanović
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, 86 Franchet d'Esperey St., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena V Milojković
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, 86 Franchet d'Esperey St., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija S Petrović
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, 86 Franchet d'Esperey St., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana D Šoštarić
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, 86 Franchet d'Esperey St., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mila D Laušević
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 4 Karnegijeva St., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija L Mihajlović
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, 86 Franchet d'Esperey St., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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23
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Ahmed MB, Zhou JL, Ngo HH, Guo W, Chen M. Progress in the preparation and application of modified biochar for improved contaminant removal from water and wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 214:836-851. [PMID: 27241534 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Modified biochar (BC) is reviewed in its preparation, functionality, applications and regeneration. The nature of precursor materials, preparatory conditions and modification methods are key factors influencing BC properties. Steam activation is unsuitable for improving BC surface functionality compared with chemical modifications. Alkali-treated BC possesses the highest surface functionality. Both alkali modified BC and nanomaterial impregnated BC composites are highly favorable for enhancing the adsorption of different contaminants from wastewater. Acidic treatment provides more oxygenated functional groups on BC surfaces. The Langmuir isotherm model provides the best fit for sorption equilibria of heavy metals and anionic contaminants, while the Freundlich isotherm model is the best fit for emerging contaminants. The pseudo 2(nd) order is the most appropriate model of sorption kinetics for all contaminants. Future research should focus on industry-scale applications and hybrid systems for contaminant removal due to scarcity of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Boshir Ahmed
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - John L Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Huu H Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Mengfang Chen
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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24
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Vithanage M, Mayakaduwa SS, Herath I, Ok YS, Mohan D. Kinetics, thermodynamics and mechanistic studies of carbofuran removal using biochars from tea waste and rice husks. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:781-789. [PMID: 26607239 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the thermodynamic application and non-linear kinetic models in order to postulate the mechanisms and compare the carbofuran adsorption behavior onto rice husk and tea waste derived biochars. Locally available rice husk and infused tea waste biochars were produced at 700 °C. Biochars were characterized by using proximate, ultimate and surface characterization methods. Batch experiments were conducted at 25, 35, and 45 °C for a series of carbofuran solutions ranging from 5 to 100 mg L(-1) with a biochar dose of 1 g L(-1) at pH 5.0 with acetate buffer. Molar O/C ratios indicated that rice husk biochar (RHBC700) is more hydrophilic than tea waste biochar (TWBC700). Negative ΔG (Gibbs free energy change) values indicated the feasibility of carbofuran adsorption on biochar. Increasing ΔG values with the rise in temperature indicated high favorability at higher temperatures for both RHBC and TWBC. Enthalpy values suggested the involvement of physisorption type interactions. Kinetic data modeling exhibited contribution of both physisorption, via pore diffusion, π*-π electron donor-acceptor interaction, H-bonding, and van der Waals dispersion forces and chemisorption via chemical bonding with phenolic, and amine groups. Equilibrium adsorption capacities of RHBC and TWBC determined by pseudo second order kinetic model were 25.2 and 10.2 mg g(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meththika Vithanage
- Chemical and Environmental Systems Modeling Research Group, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
| | - S S Mayakaduwa
- Chemical and Environmental Systems Modeling Research Group, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Indika Herath
- Chemical and Environmental Systems Modeling Research Group, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Mohan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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25
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Yi S, Gao B, Sun Y, Wu J, Shi X, Wu B, Hu X. Removal of levofloxacin from aqueous solution using rice-husk and wood-chip biochars. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:694-701. [PMID: 26796588 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential for rice husk (RH) and wood chip (WC) biochars to remove levofloxacin (LEV) from aqueous solution was evaluated. The physical and chemical properties of the biochars were characterized using various tools and techniques. Furthermore, batch sorption experiments were conducted to determine the sorption ability of the biochars to LEV. The pseudo-second order kinetic model described the sorption kinetic data better than the pseudo-first order kinetic model and the Elovich equation because the process involved both surface adsorption and pore diffusion. For the isotherms, the Langmuir equation fitted the data better than the Freundlich equation. The maximum Langmuir sorption capacities of the biochars to LEV ranged from 1.49 to 7.72 mg g(-1). Thermodynamic parameters obtained from the experiments showed that the adsorption of LEV onto the WC biochar was spontaneous and exothermic, while its adsorption onto the RH biochar was spontaneous and endothermic under tested conditions. A mixture of 0.025 M phosphate buffer (80%, pH 3.0) and acetonitrile (20%) effectively desorbed the LEV from the biochars with a recovery rate up to 80%. Findings from this work indicate that biochars can be used as an alternative adsorbent to effectively remove emerging contaminants including LEV from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengze Yi
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hydrosciences Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hydrosciences Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jichun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hydrosciences Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hydrosciences Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Benjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hydrosciences Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Center of Material Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China.
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26
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Rajapaksha AU, Chen SS, Tsang DCW, Zhang M, Vithanage M, Mandal S, Gao B, Bolan NS, Ok YS. Engineered/designer biochar for contaminant removal/immobilization from soil and water: Potential and implication of biochar modification. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 148:276-91. [PMID: 26820777 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of biochar has been suggested as a means of remediating contaminated soil and water. The practical applications of conventional biochar for contaminant immobilization and removal however need further improvements. Hence, recent attention has focused on modification of biochar with novel structures and surface properties in order to improve its remediation efficacy and environmental benefits. Engineered/designer biochars are commonly used terms to indicate application-oriented, outcome-based biochar modification or synthesis. In recent years, biochar modifications involving various methods such as, acid treatment, base treatment, amination, surfactant modification, impregnation of mineral sorbents, steam activation and magnetic modification have been widely studied. This review summarizes and evaluates biochar modification methods, corresponding mechanisms, and their benefits for contaminant management in soil and water. Applicability and performance of modification methods depend on the type of contaminants (i.e., inorganic/organic, anionic/cationic, hydrophilic/hydrophobic, polar/non-polar), environmental conditions, remediation goals, and land use purpose. In general, modification to produce engineered/designer biochar is likely to enhance the sorption capacity of biochar and its potential applications for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
- Korea Biochar Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea; Chemical and Environmental Systems Modeling Research Group, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Season S Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Chemical and Environmental Systems Modeling Research Group, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Sanchita Mandal
- CERAR, Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, Building-X, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- CERAR, Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, Building-X, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea.
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27
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Chowdhury ZZ, Abd Hamid SB, Rahman MM, Rafique RF. Catalytic activation and application of micro-spherical carbon derived from hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass: statistical analysis using Box–Behnken design. RSC Adv 2016; 6:102680-102694. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated carbon was produced by physico-chemical activation of hydrothermally carbonized dried stem derived fromCorchorus olitorius, commonly known as Jute (JS), using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as an activation agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Z. Chowdhury
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT)
- Malaysia
| | - S. B. Abd Hamid
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT)
- Malaysia
| | - Md. M. Rahman
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT)
- Malaysia
| | - R. F. Rafique
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Gumi
- South Korea
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28
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Choi YS, Shin JD, Lee SI, Kim SC. Adsorption Characteristics of Aqueous Ammonium Using Rice hull-Derived Biochar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2015.34.3.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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