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Kisielinski K, Hockertz S, Hirsch O, Korupp S, Klosterhalfen B, Schnepf A, Dyker G. Wearing face masks as a potential source for inhalation and oral uptake of inanimate toxins - A scoping review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 275:115858. [PMID: 38537476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND From 2020 to 2023 many people around the world were forced to wear masks for large proportions of the day based on mandates and laws. We aimed to study the potential of face masks for the content and release of inanimate toxins. METHODS A scoping review of 1003 studies was performed (database search in PubMed/MEDLINE, qualitative and quantitative evaluation). RESULTS 24 studies were included (experimental time 17 min to 15 days) evaluating content and/or release in 631 masks (273 surgical, 228 textile and 130 N95 masks). Most studies (63%) showed alarming results with high micro- and nanoplastics (MPs and NPs) release and exceedances could also be evidenced for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), xylene, acrolein, per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), phthalates (including di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate, DEHP) and for Pb, Cd, Co, Cu, Sb and TiO2. DISCUSSION Of course, masks filter larger dirt and plastic particles and fibers from the air we breathe and have specific indications, but according to our data they also carry risks. Depending on the application, a risk-benefit analysis is necessary. CONCLUSION Undoubtedly, mask mandates during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have been generating an additional source of potentially harmful exposition to toxins with health threatening and carcinogenic properties at population level with almost zero distance to the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kisielinski
- Social Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Clinical Medicine (Surgery), Private Practice, 40212 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Stefan Hockertz
- Toxicology, Pharmacology, Immunology, tpi consult AG, Haldenstr. 1, CH 6340 Baar, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, FOM University of Applied Sciences, 57078 Siegen, Germany
| | - Stephan Korupp
- Surgeon, Emergency Medicine, Private Practice, 52070 Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Klosterhalfen
- Institute of Pathology, Dueren Hospital, Roonstrasse 30, 52351 Dueren, Germany
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Dyker
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Rosenthal K, Lindley MR, Turner MA, Ratcliffe E, Hunsicker E. Current data processing methods and reporting standards for untargeted analysis of volatile organic compounds using direct mass spectrometry: a systematic review. Metabolomics 2024; 20:42. [PMID: 38491298 PMCID: PMC10942920 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Untargeted direct mass spectrometric analysis of volatile organic compounds has many potential applications across fields such as healthcare and food safety. However, robust data processing protocols must be employed to ensure that research is replicable and practical applications can be realised. User-friendly data processing and statistical tools are becoming increasingly available; however, the use of these tools have neither been analysed, nor are they necessarily suited for every data type. OBJECTIVES This review aims to analyse data processing and analytic workflows currently in use and examine whether methodological reporting is sufficient to enable replication. METHODS Studies identified from Web of Science and Scopus databases were systematically examined against the inclusion criteria. The experimental, data processing, and data analysis workflows were reviewed for the relevant studies. RESULTS From 459 studies identified from the databases, a total of 110 met the inclusion criteria. Very few papers provided enough detail to allow all aspects of the methodology to be replicated accurately, with only three meeting previous guidelines for reporting experimental methods. A wide range of data processing methods were used, with only eight papers (7.3%) employing a largely similar workflow where direct comparability was achievable. CONCLUSIONS Standardised workflows and reporting systems need to be developed to ensure research in this area is replicable, comparable, and held to a high standard. Thus, allowing the wide-ranging potential applications to be realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rosenthal
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - M R Lindley
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - M A Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - E Ratcliffe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - E Hunsicker
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Hathurusinghe SHK, Azizoglu U, Shin JH. Holistic Approaches to Plant Stress Alleviation: A Comprehensive Review of the Role of Organic Compounds and Beneficial Bacteria in Promoting Growth and Health. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:695. [PMID: 38475541 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Plants select microorganisms from the surrounding bulk soil, which act as a reservoir of microbial diversity and enrich a rhizosphere microbiome that helps in growth and stress alleviation. Plants use organic compounds that are released through root exudates to shape the rhizosphere microbiome. These organic compounds are of various spectrums and technically gear the interplay between plants and the microbial world. Although plants naturally produce organic compounds that influence the microbial world, numerous efforts have been made to boost the efficiency of the microbiome through the addition of organic compounds. Despite further crucial investigations, synergistic effects from organic compounds and beneficial bacteria combinations have been reported. In this review, we examine the relationship between organic compounds and beneficial bacteria in determining plant growth and biotic and abiotic stress alleviation. We investigate the molecular mechanism and biochemical responses of bacteria to organic compounds, and we discuss the plant growth modifications and stress alleviation done with the help of beneficial bacteria. We then exhibit the synergistic effects of both components to highlight future research directions to dwell on how microbial engineering and metagenomic approaches could be utilized to enhance the use of beneficial microbes and organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ugur Azizoglu
- Department of Crop and Animal Production, Safiye Cikrikcioglu Vocational College, Kayseri University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- NGS Core Facility, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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4
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Carapito Â, Roque ACA, Carvalho F, Pinto J, Guedes de Pinho P. Exploiting volatile fingerprints for bladder cancer diagnosis: A scoping review of metabolomics and sensor-based approaches. Talanta 2024; 268:125296. [PMID: 37839328 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) represents a significant global health concern, for which early detection is essential to improve patient outcomes. This review evaluates the potential of the urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as biomarkers for detecting and staging BC. The methods used include gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics and electronic-nose (e-nose) sensors. The GC-MS studies that have been published reveal diverse results in terms of diagnostic performance. The sensitivities range from 27 % to an impressive 97 %, while specificities vary between 43 % and 94 %. Furthermore, the accuracies reported in these studies range from 80 to 89 %. In the urine of BC patients, a total of 80 VOCs were discovered to be significantly altered when compared to controls. These VOCs encompassed a variety of chemical classes such as alcohols, aldehydes, alkanes, aromatic compounds, fatty acids, ketones, and terpenoids, among others. Conversely, e-nose-based studies displayed sensitivities from 60 to 100 %, specificities from 53 to 96 %, and accuracies from 65 to 97 %. Interestingly, conductive polymer-based sensors performed better, followed by metal oxide semiconductor and optical sensors. GC-MS studies have shown improved performance in detecting early stages and low-grade tumors, providing valuable insights into staging. Based on these findings, VOC-based diagnostic tools hold great promise for early BC detection and staging. Further studies are needed to validate biomarkers and their classification performance. In the future, advancements in VOC profiling technologies may significantly contribute to improving the overall survival and quality of life for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Carapito
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Lab. of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Cecília A Roque
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Lab. of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Pinto
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Lab. of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Lab. of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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5
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Song C, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Chen M, Zhang Y, Gao C, Jia Z, Song S, Guan J, Shang Z. Volatile organic compounds produced by Bacillus aryabhattai AYG1023 against Penicillium expansum causing blue mold on the Huangguan pear. Microbiol Res 2024; 278:127531. [PMID: 37871540 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous research on Bacillus aryabhattai has mainly focused on bioremediation, biosynthesis, and promotion of plant growth, whereas the function of B. aryabhattai on antifungal activity remains to be explored. In this study, we isolated a biocontrol bacterium with antagonistic activity against post-harvest pathogenic fungi by releasing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We aimed to assess the effectiveness of VOCs produced by B. aryabhattai in prevention of the development of blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum in the Huangguan pear, and reveal the inhibitory mechanism against the pathogenic fungi. Using molecular methods, the biocontrol bacterium was identified as Bacillus aryabhattai AYG1023. 2-Nonanol was identified as the main VOC by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). It showed strong inhibition of mycelial growth and conidial germination when treated at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that 2-nonanol caused abnormal changes in mycelial and conidial ultrastructure. 2-Nonanol also damaged the integrity of fungal cell membranes and reduced the ergosterol content to 44.77% of P. expansum. In addition, the production of secondary metabolites in P. expansum including patulin and citrinin was significantly reduced by 2-nonanol. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 2-nonanol modulated the expression of genes involved in development, and conidiation pathways, as well as secondary metabolite biosynthesis including steroid biosynthesis, citrinin production and patulin production. Furthermore, blue mold was completely inhibited by treatment with 0.04 μL mL-1 2-nonanol for 48 h on the Huangguan pear. In conclusion, Bacillus aryabhattai AYG1023 was identified as a promising and efficient agent for controlling post-harvest diseases via the release of VOCs, and the outcome of this study lays a theoretical foundation for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China; Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengyao Chen
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Congcong Gao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuishan Song
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junfeng Guan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Zhonglin Shang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Meredith LK, Ledford SM, Riemer K, Geffre P, Graves K, Honeker LK, LeBauer D, Tfaily MM, Krechmer J. Automating methods for estimating metabolite volatility. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1267234. [PMID: 38163064 PMCID: PMC10755872 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1267234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The volatility of metabolites can influence their biological roles and inform optimal methods for their detection. Yet, volatility information is not readily available for the large number of described metabolites, limiting the exploration of volatility as a fundamental trait of metabolites. Here, we adapted methods to estimate vapor pressure from the functional group composition of individual molecules (SIMPOL.1) to predict the gas-phase partitioning of compounds in different environments. We implemented these methods in a new open pipeline called volcalc that uses chemoinformatic tools to automate these volatility estimates for all metabolites in an extensive and continuously updated pathway database: the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) that connects metabolites, organisms, and reactions. We first benchmark the automated pipeline against a manually curated data set and show that the same category of volatility (e.g., nonvolatile, low, moderate, high) is predicted for 93% of compounds. We then demonstrate how volcalc might be used to generate and test hypotheses about the role of volatility in biological systems and organisms. Specifically, we estimate that 3.4 and 26.6% of compounds in KEGG have high volatility depending on the environment (soil vs. clean atmosphere, respectively) and that a core set of volatiles is shared among all domains of life (30%) with the largest proportion of kingdom-specific volatiles identified in bacteria. With volcalc, we lay a foundation for uncovering the role of the volatilome using an approach that is easily integrated with other bioinformatic pipelines and can be continually refined to consider additional dimensions to volatility. The volcalc package is an accessible tool to help design and test hypotheses on volatile metabolites and their unique roles in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K. Meredith
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - S. Marshall Ledford
- Genetics Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kristina Riemer
- Arizona Experiment Station, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Parker Geffre
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kelsey Graves
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Linnea K. Honeker
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - David LeBauer
- Arizona Experiment Station, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Malak M. Tfaily
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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7
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Cuervo L, Álvarez-García S, Salas JA, Méndez C, Olano C, Malmierca MG. The Volatile Organic Compounds of Streptomyces spp.: An In-Depth Analysis of Their Antifungal Properties. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1820. [PMID: 37512992 PMCID: PMC10384482 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has expanded because of the growing need to search for new bioactive compounds that could be used as therapeutic alternatives. These small molecules serve as signals to establish interactions with other nearby organisms in the environment. In this work, we evaluated the antifungal effect of VOCs produced by different Streptomyces spp. This study was performed using VOC chamber devices that allow for the free exchange of VOCs without physical contact between microorganisms or the diffusible compounds they produce. Antifungal activity was tested against Escovopsis weberi, a fungal pathogen that affects ant nest stability, and the results showed that Streptomyces spp. CS014, CS057, CS131, CS147, CS159, CS207, and CS227 inhibit or reduce the fungal growth with their emitted VOCs. A GS-MS analysis of volatiles produced and captured by activated charcoal suggested that these Streptomyces strains synthesize several antifungal VOCs, many of them produced because of the presence of E. weberi, with the accumulation of various VOCs determining the growth inhibition effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Cuervo
- Functional Biology Department, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Samuel Álvarez-García
- Plant Physiology Area, Engineering and Agricultural Sciences Department, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain
| | - José A Salas
- Functional Biology Department, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Méndez
- Functional Biology Department, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos Olano
- Functional Biology Department, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mónica G Malmierca
- Functional Biology Department, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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Amiriyan Chelan Z, Amini R, Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab A. Essential oil yield and compositions of Dracocephalum moldavica L. in intercropping with fenugreek, inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8039. [PMID: 37198236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercropping is one of the most important components of sustainable agriculture. The effects of chemical fertilizer (CF), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Glomus sp.) and AMF + nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) including Azospirillum and Azotobacter (AMF + NFB) was studied on essential oil yield and compositions of Moldavian balm (Mb) (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) in sole cropping and intercropping with fenugreek (F) (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). The experiment was conducted during 2020 and 2021 growing seasons in East Azarbayhan, Iran. The highest dry herbage yield (6132 kg ha-1) was obtained in Mb:F(4:2) and CF treatment. After sole Moldavian balm, the highest essential oil yield (15.28 kg ha-1) was obtained in Mb:F (4:2) and AMF + NFB treatment. Geranial, geranyl acetate, geraniol, neral, and nerol were the main chemical constituents of essential oil. In AMF + NFB treatments the geranial contents in intercropping patterns of Mb:F (1:1), (2:2) and (100:50), increased by 25.1, 15.5 and 34.6% compared with sole Moldavian balm. The highest LERT values were observed in Mb:F (100:50) cropping pattern in 2021 (1.70 and 1.63 for CF and AMF + NFB treatments). Generally, it can be concluded that Mb:F (100:50) intercropping and use of AMF + NFB bio-fertilizer could be recommended to medicinal plant growers in sustainable production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Amiriyan Chelan
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Amini
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Maiti KS. Non-Invasive Disease Specific Biomarker Detection Using Infrared Spectroscopy: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:2320. [PMID: 36903576 PMCID: PMC10005715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many life-threatening diseases remain obscure in their early disease stages. Symptoms appear only at the advanced stage when the survival rate is poor. A non-invasive diagnostic tool may be able to identify disease even at the asymptotic stage and save lives. Volatile metabolites-based diagnostics hold a lot of promise to fulfil this demand. Many experimental techniques are being developed to establish a reliable non-invasive diagnostic tool; however, none of them are yet able to fulfil clinicians' demands. Infrared spectroscopy-based gaseous biofluid analysis demonstrated promising results to fulfil clinicians' expectations. The recent development of the standard operating procedure (SOP), sample measurement, and data analysis techniques for infrared spectroscopy are summarized in this review article. It has also outlined the applicability of infrared spectroscopy to identify the specific biomarkers for diseases such as diabetes, acute gastritis caused by bacterial infection, cerebral palsy, and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Sankar Maiti
- Max–Planck–Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany; ; Tel.: +49-289-14054
- Lehrstuhl für Experimental Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Laser-Forschungslabor, Klinikum der Universität München, Fraunhoferstrasse 20, 82152 Planegg, Germany
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Essential Oil from Coriandrum sativum: A review on Its Phytochemistry and Biological Activity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020696. [PMID: 36677754 PMCID: PMC9864992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils are hydrophobic liquids produced as secondary metabolites by specialized secretory tissues in the leaves, seeds, flowers, bark and wood of the plant, and they play an important ecological role in plants. Essential oils have been used in various traditional healing systems due to their pharmaceutical properties, and are reported to be a suitable replacement for chemical and synthetic drugs that come with adverse side effects. Thus, currently, various plant sources for essential oil production have been explored. Coriander essential oil, obtained from the leaf and seed oil of Coriandrum sativum, has been reported to have various biological activities. Apart from its application in food preservation, the oil has many pharmacological properties, including allelopathic properties. The present review discusses the phytochemical composition of the seed and leaf oil of coriander and the variation of the essential oil across various germplasms, accessions, at different growth stages and across various regions. Furthermore, the study explores various extraction and quantification methods for coriander essential oils. The study also provides detailed information on various pharmacological properties of essential oils, such as antimicrobial, anthelmintic, insecticidal, allelopathic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticonvulsive, antidepressant, and hepatoprotective properties, as well as playing a major role in maintaining good digestive health. Coriander essential oil is one of the most promising alternatives in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Potential Role of Oxidative Stress in the Production of Volatile Organic Compounds in Obesity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010129. [PMID: 36670991 PMCID: PMC9854577 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with numerous health issues such as sleep disorders, asthma, hepatic dysfunction, cancer, renal dysfunction, diabetes, cardiovascular complications, and infertility. Previous research has shown that the distribution of excess body fat, rather than excess body weight, determines obesity-related risk factors. It is widely accepted that abdominal fat is a serious risk factor for illnesses associated with obesity and the accumulation of visceral fat promotes the release of pro-oxidants, pro-inflammatory, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The metabolic process in the human body produces several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via urine, saliva, breath, blood, skin secretions, milk, and feces. Several studies have shown that VOCs are released by the interaction of ROS with underlying cellular components leading to increased protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, or DNA damage. These VOCs released via oxidative stress in obese individuals may serves as a biomarker for obesity-related metabolic alterations and disease. In this review, we focus on the relationship between oxidative stress and VOCs in obesity.
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Cuervo L, Méndez C, Salas JA, Olano C, Malmierca MG. Volatile Compounds in Actinomycete Communities: A New Tool for Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Activation, Cooperative Growth Promotion, and Drug Discovery. Cells 2022; 11:3510. [PMID: 36359906 PMCID: PMC9655753 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing appearance of multiresistant pathogens, as well as emerging diseases, has highlighted the need for new strategies to discover natural compounds that can be used as therapeutic alternatives, especially in the genus Streptomyces, which is one of the largest producers of bioactive metabolites. In recent years, the study of volatile compounds (VOCs) has raised interest because of the variety of their biological properties in addition to their involvement in cell communication. In this work, we analyze the implications of VOCs as mediating molecules capable of inducing the activation of biosynthetic pathways of bioactive compounds in surrounding Actinomycetes. For this purpose, several strains of Streptomyces were co-cultured in chamber devices that allowed VOC exchange while avoiding physical contact. In several of those strains, secondary metabolism was activated by VOCs emitted by companion strains, resulting in increased antibiotic production and synthesis of new VOCs. This study shows a novel strategy to exploit the metabolic potential of Actinomycetes as well as emphasizes the importance of studying the interactions between different microorganisms sharing the same ecological niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Cuervo
- Functional Biology Department, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Méndez
- Functional Biology Department, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José A. Salas
- Functional Biology Department, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos Olano
- Functional Biology Department, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mónica G. Malmierca
- Functional Biology Department, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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13
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Pozzer AC, Gómez PA, Weiss J. Volatile organic compounds in aquatic ecosystems - Detection, origin, significance and applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156155. [PMID: 35609693 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) include a broad range of compounds. Their production influences a large number of processes, having direct and secondary effects on different fields, such as climate change, economy and ecology. Although our planet is primarily covered with water (~70% of the globe surface), the information on aquatic VOCs, compared to the data available for the terrestrial environments, is still limited. Regardless of the difficulty in collecting and analysing data, because of their extreme complexity, diversification and important spatial-temporal emission variation, it was demonstrated that aquatic organisms are able to produce a variety of bioactive compounds. This production happens in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, evidencing the fundamental role of these metabolites, both in terms of composition and amount, in providing important ecological information and possible non-invasive tools to monitor different biological systems. The study of these compounds is an important and productive task with possible and interesting impacts in future practical applications in different fields. This review aims to summarize the knowledge on the aquatic VOCs, the recent advances in understanding their diverse roles and ecological impacts, the generally used methodology for their sampling and analysis, and their enormous potential as non-invasive, non-destructive and financeable affordable real-time biomonitoring tool, both in natural habitats and in controlled industrial situations. Finally, the possible future technical applications, highlighting their economic and social potential, such as the possibility to use VOCs as valuable alternative source of chemicals and as biocontrol and bioregulation agents, are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caterina Pozzer
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar. 30202, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Perla A Gómez
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar. 30202, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Julia Weiss
- Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar. 30202, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain.
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14
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Paiva-Santos AC, Ferreira L, Peixoto D, Silva F, Soares MJ, Zeinali M, Zafar H, Mascarenhas-Melo F, Raza F, Mazzola PG, Veiga F. Cyclodextrins as an encapsulation molecular strategy for volatile organic compounds – pharmaceutical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Hagos M, Yaya EE, Chandravanshi BS, Redi-Abshiro M. Analysis of volatile compounds in flesh, peel and seed parts of pumpkin ( Cucurbita maxima) cultivated in Ethiopia using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2088787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mulu Hagos
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Estifanos Ele Yaya
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Redi-Abshiro
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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16
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Comparison of Extraction Techniques for the Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Liverwort Samples. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092911. [PMID: 35566263 PMCID: PMC9099673 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on the comparison of four popular techniques for the extraction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from liverworts of the Calypogeia azurea species. Since extraction is the most important step in the sample analysis of ingredients present in botanical preparations, their strengths, and weaknesses are discussed. In order to determine the VOCs present in plants, selecting the appropriate one is a key step of the extraction technique. Extraction should ensure the isolation of all components present in the oily bodies of Calypogeia azurea without the formation of any artifacts during treatment. The best extraction method should yield the determined compounds in detectable amounts. Hydrodistillation (HD), applying Deryng apparatus and solid-liquid extraction (SLE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) were used for volatile extraction. The extracts obtained were analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the compounds.
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17
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Guzowska M, Wawrzyniak R, Wasiak W. Seasonal Variability and Effect of Sample Storage on Volatile Components in Calypogeia azurea. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082426. [PMID: 35458624 PMCID: PMC9029045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A change in the composition of specialized metabolites is often observed in stressed plants. Phytochemicals play an important role in adapting plants to the environment, particularly overcoming stress conditions such as temperature, humidity, and light intensity. In this study, seasonal variations in the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analysed in species of Calypogeia azurea. The article presents the effect of sample storage on volatile organic compounds present in Calypogeia liverwort cells and whether the collection habitats of the sample affect the content of phytochemicals. The VOCs of the species within the liverwort Calypogeia azurea were analysed by GC-MS. Compounds were isolated from plant material using the HS-SPME technique. The samples were collected over several years (2019–2021). Of the several dozen samples collected, 79 compounds were isolated, of which 47 were identified.
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18
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Zhang P, Carlin S, Franceschi P, Mattivi F, Vrhovsek U. Application of a Target-Guided Data Processing Approach in Saturated Peak Correction of GC×GC Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1941-1948. [PMID: 35050571 PMCID: PMC8811747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Detector and column
saturations are problematic in comprehensive
two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) data analysis. This
limits the application of GC×GC in metabolomics research. To
address the problems caused by detector and column saturations, we
propose a two-stage data processing strategy that will incorporate
a targeted data processing and cleaning approach upstream of the “standard”
untargeted analysis. By using the retention time and mass spectrometry
(MS) data stored in a library, the annotation and quantification of
the targeted saturated peaks have been significantly improved. After
subtracting the nonperfected signals caused by saturation, peaks of
coelutes can be annotated more accurately. Our research shows that
the target-guided method has broad application prospects in the data
analysis of GC×GC chromatograms of complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghan Zhang
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy.,Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Silvia Carlin
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy.,Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
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19
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Lammers A, Lalk M, Garbeva P. Air Ambulance: Antimicrobial Power of Bacterial Volatiles. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11010109. [PMID: 35052986 PMCID: PMC8772769 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We are currently facing an antimicrobial resistance crisis, which means that a lot of bacterial pathogens have developed resistance to common antibiotics. Hence, novel and innovative solutions are urgently needed to combat resistant human pathogens. A new source of antimicrobial compounds could be bacterial volatiles. Volatiles are ubiquitous produced, chemically divers and playing essential roles in intra- and interspecies interactions like communication and antimicrobial defense. In the last years, an increasing number of studies showed bioactivities of bacterial volatiles, including antibacterial, antifungal and anti-oomycete activities, indicating bacterial volatiles as an exciting source for novel antimicrobial compounds. In this review we introduce the chemical diversity of bacterial volatiles, their antimicrobial activities and methods for testing this activity. Concluding, we discuss the possibility of using antimicrobial volatiles to antagonize the antimicrobial resistance crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lammers
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany;
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: or (A.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Michael Lalk
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: or (A.L.); (P.G.)
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20
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Abstract
The evaluation of volatiles in food is an important aspect of food production. It gives knowledge about the quality of foods and their relationship to consumers’ choices. Alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, terpenes, pyrazines, and furans are the main chemical groups that are involved in aroma formation. They are products of food processing: thermal treatment, fermentation, storage, etc. Food aroma is a mixture of varied molecules. Because of this, the analysis of aroma composition can be challenging. The four main steps can be distinguished in the evaluation of the volatiles in the food matrix as follows: (1) isolation and concentration; (2) separation; (3) identification; and (4) sensory characterization. The most commonly used techniques to separate a fraction of volatiles from non-volatiles are solid-phase micro-(SPME) and stir bar sorptive extractions (SBSE). However, to study the active components of food aroma by gas chromatography with olfactometry detector (GC-O), solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) is used. The volatiles are mostly separated on GC systems (GC or comprehensive two-dimensional GCxGC) with the support of mass spectrometry (MS, MS/MS, ToF–MS) for chemical compound identification. Besides omics techniques, the promising part could be a study of aroma using electronic nose. Therefore, the main assumptions of volatolomics are here described.
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21
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Lammers A, Zweers H, Sandfeld T, Bilde T, Garbeva P, Schramm A, Lalk M. Antimicrobial Compounds in the Volatilome of Social Spider Communities. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:700693. [PMID: 34504476 PMCID: PMC8422909 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.700693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Social arthropods such as termites, ants, and bees are among others the most successful animal groups on earth. However, social arthropods face an elevated risk of infections due to the dense colony structure, which facilitates pathogen transmission. An interesting hypothesis is that social arthropods are protected by chemical compounds produced by the arthropods themselves, microbial symbionts, or plants they associate with. Stegodyphus dumicola is an African social spider species, inhabiting communal silk nests. Because of the complex three-dimensional structure of the spider nest antimicrobial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a promising protection against pathogens, because of their ability to diffuse through air-filled pores. We analyzed the volatilomes of S. dumicola, their nests, and capture webs in three locations in Namibia and assessed their antimicrobial potential. Volatilomes were collected using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) tubes and analyzed using GC/Q-TOF. We showed the presence of 199 VOCs and tentatively identified 53 VOCs. More than 40% of the tentatively identified VOCs are known for their antimicrobial activity. Here, six VOCs were confirmed by analyzing pure compounds namely acetophenone, 1,3-benzothiazole, 1-decanal, 2-decanone, 1-tetradecene, and docosane and for five of these compounds the antimicrobial activity were proven. The nest and web volatilomes had many VOCs in common, whereas the spider volatilomes were more differentiated. Clear differences were identified between the volatilomes from the different sampling sites which is likely justified by differences in the microbiomes of the spiders and nests, the plants, and the different climatic conditions. The results indicate the potential relevance of the volatilomes for the ecological success of S. dumicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lammers
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hans Zweers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Tobias Sandfeld
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Bilde
- Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Schramm
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Lalk
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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22
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Harris A, Lindsay MA, Ganley ARD, Jeffs A, Villas-Boas SG. Sound Stimulation Can Affect Saccharomyces cerevisiae Growth and Production of Volatile Metabolites in Liquid Medium. Metabolites 2021; 11:605. [PMID: 34564421 PMCID: PMC8468475 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological effect of sound on microorganisms has been a field of interest for many years, with studies mostly focusing on ultrasonic and infrasonic vibrations. In the audible range (20 Hz to 20 kHz), sound has been shown to both increase colony formation and disrupt microbial growth, depending upon the organism and frequency of sound used. In the brewer's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sound has been shown to significantly alter growth, increase alcohol production, and affect the metabolite profile. In this study, S. cerevisiae was exposed to a continuous 90 dB @ 20 μPa tone at different frequencies (0.1 kHz, 10 kHz, and silence). Fermentation characteristics were monitored over a 50-h fermentation in liquid malt extract, with a focus on growth rate and biomass yield. The profile of volatile metabolites at the subsequent stationary phase of the ferment was characterised by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sound treatments resulted in a 23% increase in growth rate compared to that of silence. Subsequent analysis showed significant differences in the volatilomes between all experimental conditions. Specifically, aroma compounds associated with citrus notes were upregulated with the application of sound. Furthermore, there was a pronounced difference in the metabolites produced in high- versus low-frequency sounds. This suggests industrial processes, such as beer brewing, could be modulated by the application of audible sound at specific frequencies during growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Melodie A Lindsay
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Austen R D Ganley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Jeffs
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Silas G Villas-Boas
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 rue Bommel, Z.A.E. Robert Steichen, L-4940 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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23
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Ezzamouri B, Shoaie S, Ledesma-Amaro R. Synergies of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology in Human Microbiome Studies. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:681982. [PMID: 34531833 PMCID: PMC8438329 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.681982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have shown that the microbial communities of the human body are integral for the maintenance of human health. Advances in next-generation sequencing have enabled rapid and large-scale quantification of the composition of microbial communities in health and disease. Microorganisms mediate diverse host responses including metabolic pathways and immune responses. Using a system biology approach to further understand the underlying alterations of the microbiota in physiological and pathological states can help reveal potential novel therapeutic and diagnostic interventions within the field of synthetic biology. Tools such as biosensors, memory arrays, and engineered bacteria can rewire the microbiome environment. In this article, we review the computational tools used to study microbiome communities and the current limitations of these methods. We evaluate how genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) can advance our understanding of the microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions. Moreover, we present how synergies between these system biology approaches and synthetic biology can be harnessed in human microbiome studies to improve future therapeutics and diagnostics and highlight important knowledge gaps for future research in these rapidly evolving fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Ezzamouri
- Unit for Population-Based Dermatology Research, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kindom
- Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saeed Shoaie
- Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Mass spectrometry based metabolomics approach on the elucidation of volatile metabolites formation in fermented foods: A mini review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:881-890. [PMID: 34395019 PMCID: PMC8302692 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics can be applied for comparative and quantitative analyses of the metabolic changes induced by microorganisms during fermentation. In particular, mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool for metabolomics that is widely used for elucidating biomarkers and patterns of metabolic changes. Fermentation involves the production of volatile metabolites via diverse and complex metabolic pathways by the activities of microbial enzymes. These metabolites can greatly affect the organoleptic properties of fermented foods. This review provides an overview of the MS-based metabolomics techniques applied in studies of fermented foods, and the major metabolic pathways and metabolites (e.g., sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids) derived from their metabolism. In addition, we suggest an efficient tool for understanding the metabolic patterns and for identifying novel markers in fermented foods.
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25
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Volatile Profile of Nuts, Key Odorants and Analytical Methods for Quantification. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071611. [PMID: 34359483 PMCID: PMC8308100 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of nuts in diets has notably increased due to their composition, and the presence of antioxidants and their unsaturated fatty acid profile has led to a considerable increase in their consumption. The volatile profile of nuts is important from different points of view. It affects consumer’s selection, influences raw material selection for the production of composite foods, dictates variety selection in breeding programs, and, from a quality perspective, its changes can indicate food degradation or alteration. A review of the published bibliography concerning the determination of volatiles in nuts has been carried out. The information retrieved has been divided into four main sections. First, a discussion on the main volatiles present in nuts is performed; next, a revision of the methods used to determine the volatiles is presented; and, finally, two sections describing how harvesting conditions, healthy state and the thermal treatment of nuts modifies their volatile profile are added. Analysis of the published bibliography denoted the complexity of volatile determination and the different variables that can modify the compounds present in the volatile fraction of nuts.
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26
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Analytical Methods for Extraction and Identification of Primary and Secondary Metabolites of Apple (Malus domestica) Fruits: A Review. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8070091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apples represent a greater proportion of the worldwide fruit supply, due to their availability on the market and to the high number of existing cultivar varieties and apple-based products (fresh fruit, fruit juice, cider and crushed apples). Several studies on apple fruit metabolites are available, with most of them focusing on their healthy properties’ evaluation. In general, the metabolic profile of apple fruits strongly correlates with most of their peculiar characteristics, such as taste, flavor and color. At the same time, many bioactive molecules could be identified as markers of a specific apple variety. Therefore, a complete description of the analytical protocols commonly used for apple metabolites’ characterization and quantification could be useful for researchers involved in the identification of new phytochemical compounds from different apple varieties. This review describes the analytical methods published in the last ten years, in order to analyze the most important primary and secondary metabolites of Malus domestica fruits. In detail, this review gives an account of the spectrophotometric, chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods. A discussion on the quantitative and qualitative analytical shortcomings for the identification of sugars, fatty acids, polyphenols, organic acids, carotenoids and terpenes found in apple fruits is reported.
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27
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Pérez-Jiménez M, Sherman E, Pozo-Bayón MA, Pinu FR. Application of untargeted volatile profiling and data driven approaches in wine flavoromics research. Food Res Int 2021; 145:110392. [PMID: 34112395 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Traditional flavor chemistry research usually makes use of targeted approaches by focusing on the detection and quantification of key flavor active metabolites that are present in food and beverages. In the last decade, flavoromics has emerged as an alternative to targeted methods where non-targeted and data driven approaches have been used to determine as many metabolites as possible with the aim to establish relationships among the chemical composition of foods and their sensory properties. Flavoromics has been successfully applied in wine research to gain more insights into the impact of a wide range of flavor active metabolites on wine quality. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the applications of flavoromics approaches in wine research based on existing literature mainly by focusing on untargeted volatile profiling of wines and how this can be used as a powerful tool to generate novel insights. We highlight the fact that untargeted volatile profiling used in flavoromics approaches ultimately can assist the wine industry to produce different wine styles and to market existing wines appropriately based on consumer preference. In addition to summarizing the main steps involved in untargeted volatile profiling, we also provide an outlook about future perspectives and challenges of wine flavoromics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pérez-Jiménez
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/Nicolás Cabrera, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Sherman
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - M A Pozo-Bayón
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/Nicolás Cabrera, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Farhana R Pinu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Tounta V, Liu Y, Cheyne A, Larrouy-Maumus G. Metabolomics in infectious diseases and drug discovery. Mol Omics 2021; 17:376-393. [PMID: 34125125 PMCID: PMC8202295 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics has emerged as an invaluable tool that can be used along with genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics to understand host–pathogen interactions at small-molecule levels. Metabolomics has been used to study a variety of infectious diseases and applications. The most common application of metabolomics is for prognostic and diagnostic purposes, specifically the screening of disease-specific biomarkers by either NMR-based or mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. In addition, metabolomics is of great significance for the discovery of druggable metabolic enzymes and/or metabolic regulators through the use of state-of-the-art flux analysis, for example, via the elucidation of metabolic mechanisms. This review discusses the application of metabolomics technologies to biomarker screening, the discovery of drug targets in infectious diseases such as viral, bacterial and parasite infections and immunometabolomics, highlights the challenges associated with accessing metabolite compartmentalization and discusses the available tools for determining local metabolite concentrations. Metabolomics has emerged as an invaluable tool that can be used along with genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics to understand host–pathogen interactions at small-molecule levels.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Tounta
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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29
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Chen Y, Shukurova MK, Asikin Y, Kusano M, Watanabe KN. Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds in Mango Ginger ( Curcuma amada Roxb.) from Myanmar. Metabolites 2020; 11:21. [PMID: 33396947 PMCID: PMC7824228 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcuma amada Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), commonly known as mango ginger because its rhizome and foliar parts have a similar aroma to mango. The rhizome has been widely used in food industries and alternative medicines to treat a variety of internal diseases such as cough, bronchitis, indigestion, colic, loss of appetite, hiccups, and constipation. The composition of the volatile constituents in a fresh rhizome of C. amada is not reported in detail. The present study aimed to screen and characterize the composition of volatile organic compound (VOC) in a fresh rhizome of three C. amada (ZO45, ZO89, and ZO114) and one C. longa (ZO138) accessions originated from Myanmar. The analysis was carried out by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). As a result, 122 VOCs were tentatively identified from the extracted 373 mass spectra. The following compounds were the ten most highly abundant and broadly present ones: ar-turmerone, α-zingiberene, α-santalene, (E)-γ-atlantone, cuparene, β-bisabolene, teresantalol, β-sesquiphellandrene, trans-α-bergamotene, γ-curcumene. The intensity of ar-turmerone, the sesquiterpene which is mainly characterized in C. longa essential oil (up to 15.5-27.5%), was significantly higher in C. amada accession ZO89 (15.707 ± 5.78a) compared to C. longa accession ZO138 (0.300 ± 0.08b). Cis-α-bergamotene was not detected in two C. amada accessions ZO45 and ZO89. The study revealed between-species variation regarding identified VOCs in the fresh rhizome of C. amada and C. longa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhang Chen
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; (Y.C.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Musavvara Kh. Shukurova
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; (Y.C.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Yonathan Asikin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan;
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan;
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazuo N. Watanabe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan;
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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30
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Turner L, Lignou S, Gawthrop F, Wagstaff C. Investigating the factors that influence the aroma profile of Apium graveolens: A review. Food Chem 2020; 345:128673. [PMID: 33310252 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Celery (Apium graveolens) is a regularly consumed vegetable, providing strong, distinct flavours to dishes as well as health benefits. Constituents of the aroma profile of celery include a range of volatile compounds (terpenes, phthalides and aldehydes) that contribute to its characteristic odour and flavour. Vast amount of research has been completed on the aroma profile of celery. However, there is limited information stating the cultivar, origin and geographical location, despite that research on a plethora of other crops has indicated that these are key factors driving crop performance and quality attributes. This paper characterises the underlying biochemistry that determines the aroma profile of celery, whilst investigating the genetic and environmental influences leading to its variation. We make recommendations for minimum standards (MIAPAE: Minimum Information About a Plant Aroma Experiment) that should be adopted by the scientific community prior to publication of data relating to flavour and aroma characterisation of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Turner
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Stella Lignou
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Frances Gawthrop
- A.L. Tozer Ltd, Pyports, Downside Bridge Road, Cobham KT11 3EH, United Kingdom.
| | - Carol Wagstaff
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom.
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31
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do Amaral SC, Santos AV, da Cruz Schneider MP, da Silva JKR, Xavier LP. Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds and Antibacterial Activity of the Amazonian Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. Strain GFB01. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204744. [PMID: 33081080 PMCID: PMC7587573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria exhibit great biotechnological potential due to their capacity to produce compounds with various applicability. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) possess low molecular weight and high vapor pressure. Many volatiles produced by microorganisms have biotechnological potential, including antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to investigate the VOCs synthesized by cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain GFB01, and the influence of nitrate and phosphate on its antibacterial potential. The strain was isolated from the surface of the freshwater lagoon Lagoa dos Índios, Amapá state, in Northern Brazil. After cultivation, the VOCs were extracted by a simultaneous distillation-extraction process, using a Likens-Nickerson apparatus (2 h), and then identified by GC-MS. The extracts did not display inhibitory activity against the Gram-positive bacteria tested by the disk-diffusion agar method. However, the anti-Salmonella property in both extracts (methanol and aqueous) was detected. The main VOCs identified were heptadecane (81.32%) and octadecyl acetate (11.71%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of VOCs emitted by a cyanobacterium from the Amazon that reports the occurrence of 6-pentadecanol and octadecyl acetate in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cavalcante do Amaral
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (S.C.d.A.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Agenor Valadares Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (S.C.d.A.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Maria Paula da Cruz Schneider
- Center of Genomics and Systems Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Joyce Kelly Rosário da Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (S.C.d.A.); (A.V.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.K.R.d.S.); (L.P.X.); Tel.: +55-91-3201-8426 (J.K.R.d.S.)
| | - Luciana Pereira Xavier
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (S.C.d.A.); (A.V.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.K.R.d.S.); (L.P.X.); Tel.: +55-91-3201-8426 (J.K.R.d.S.)
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Sanchez-Cruz A, Robledo N, Rosete-Enríquez M, Romero-López AA. Attraction of Adults of Cyclocephala lunulata and Cyclocephala barrerai (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae) towards Bacteria Volatiles Isolated from Their Genital Chambers. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25194430. [PMID: 32992458 PMCID: PMC7582287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the study of the chemical communication of adults of the Melolonthidae family, bacteria have been observed in the epithelium of the genital chamber; possibly, bacteria are involved in the production of sex attractants in their hosts. Therefore, it is important to identify the volatile organic compounds from bacteria (VOCsB) released by these microorganisms and study the biological activity stimulated by VOBCs in adults of Melolonthidae. In this study, bacteria were isolated from the genital chamber of Cyclocephala lunulata and Cyclocephala barrerai, from which VOCsB were extracted using static headspace solid-phase microextraction (SHS-SPME) and dynamic headspace Super Q solid-phase extraction (DHS-SPE) and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The effect of VOCsB on the hosts and conspecifics was evaluated utilizing an olfactometer and electroantennography (EAG). Two species of Enterobacteria were isolated from the genital chamber of each female species, and VOCsB derived from sulfur-containing compounds, alcohols, esters, and fatty acids were identified. An attraction response was observed in olfactometry studies, and antennal responses to VOCsB were confirmed in EAG bioassays. With these results, new perspectives on the relationship between these beetles and their bacteria emerge, in addition to establishing a basis for management programs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Sanchez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química de Insectos, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km. 6, calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, Yautepec, Morelos C.P. 62731, Mexico;
| | - Norma Robledo
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química de Insectos, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km. 6, calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, Yautepec, Morelos C.P. 62731, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (A.A.R.-L.); Tel.: +52-(735)-3942020 (N.R.); +52-(735)-3941896 (N.R.); +52-(222)-2295500 (A.A.R.-L.)
| | - María Rosete-Enríquez
- Laboratorio de Macromoléculas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Boulevard Capitán Carlos Camacho Espíritu, Edificio 112-A, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Jardines de San Manuel, Puebla C. P. 72570, Mexico;
| | - Angel A. Romero-López
- Laboratorio de Infoquímicos y Otros compuestos Bióticos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Boulevard Capitán Carlos Camacho Espíritu, Edificio 112-A, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Jardines de San Manuel, Puebla C. P. 72570, Mexico
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (A.A.R.-L.); Tel.: +52-(735)-3942020 (N.R.); +52-(735)-3941896 (N.R.); +52-(222)-2295500 (A.A.R.-L.)
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Gavrilova OP, Orina AS, Kessenikh ED, Gustyleva LK, Savelieva EI, Gogina NN, Gagkaeva TY. Diversity of Physiological and Biochemical Characters of Microdochium Fungi. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000294. [PMID: 32421897 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The biological characterization of Microdochium majus, M. nivale, and M. seminicola strains with wide geographical origins showed the diversity of their pathogenic properties and metabolite compounds, allowing them to exist in their habitats. Significant differences in the ability of Microdochium fungi to cause lesions on wheat and oat leaves were found. The intensity of symptoms depended on the species and substrate origin of the strains. On average M. seminicola strains were able to cause less leaf necrosis than M. majus and M. nivale. The volatile organic compound (VOC) profile of Microdochium fungi included 29 putative fungal metabolites. The spectrum of the identified VOCs in M. seminicola strains was much richer than that in M. majus and M. nivale strains. In addition, the strains of M. seminicola emitted at least six sesquiterpenes. Mycotoxin analysis by HPLC/MS/MS revealed that the analyzed Microdochium strains did not produce any toxic metabolites typically produced by filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga P Gavrilova
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection (VIZR), Podbelskogo sh., 3, 196608, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandra S Orina
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection (VIZR), Podbelskogo sh., 3, 196608, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elizaveta D Kessenikh
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, 188663, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lyudmila K Gustyleva
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, 188663, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I Savelieva
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, 188663, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nadezhda N Gogina
- Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Poultry, 141311, Sergiev Posad, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Tatiana Yu Gagkaeva
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection (VIZR), Podbelskogo sh., 3, 196608, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Critical thresholds of 1-Octen-3-ol shape inter-species Aspergillus interactions modulating the growth and secondary metabolism. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11116. [PMID: 32632328 PMCID: PMC7338521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In fungi, contactless interactions are mediated via the exchange of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). As these pair-wise interactions are fundamental to complex ecosystem, we examined the effects of inter-species VOCs trade-offs in Aspergillus flavus development. First, we exposed A. flavus to the A. oryzae volatilome (Treatment-1) with highest relative abundance of 1-Octen-3-ol (~ 4.53 folds) among the C-8 VOCs. Further, we examined the effects of gradient titers of 1-Octen-3-ol (Treatment-2: 100–400 ppm/day) in a range that elicits natural interactions. On 7-day, VOC-treated A. flavus displayed significantly reduced growth and sclerotial counts (p < 0.01) coupled with higher conidial density (T2100-200 ppm/day, p < 0.01) and α-amylase secretion (T2200 ppm/day, p < 0.01), compared to the untreated sets. Similar phenotypic trends except for α-amylases were evident for 9-day incubated A. flavus in T2. The corresponding metabolomics data displayed a clustered pattern of secondary metabolite profiles for VOC-treated A. flavus (PC1-18.03%; PC2-10.67%). Notably, a higher relative abundance of aflatoxin B1 with lower levels of most anthraquinones, indole-terpenoids, and oxylipins was evident in VOC-treated A. flavus. The observed correlations among the VOC-treatments, phenotypes, and altered metabolomes altogether suggest that the distant exposure to the gradient titers of 1-Octen-3-ol elicits an attenuated developmental response in A. flavus characterized by heightened virulence.
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Grim CM, Luu GT, Sanchez LM. Staring into the void: demystifying microbial metabolomics. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 366:5519856. [PMID: 31210257 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites give us a window into the chemistry of microbes and are split into two subclasses: primary and secondary. Primary metabolites are required for life whereas secondary metabolites have historically been classified as those appearing after exponential growth and are not necessarily needed for survival. Many microbial species are estimated to produce hundreds of metabolites and can be affected by differing nutrients. Using various analytical techniques, metabolites can be directly detected in order to elucidate their biological significance. Currently, a single experiment can produce anywhere from megabytes to terabytes of data. This big data has motivated scientists to develop informatics tools to help target specific metabolites or sets of metabolites. Broadly, it is imperative to identify clear biological questions before embarking on a study of metabolites (metabolomics). For instance, studying the effect of a transposon insertion on phenazine biosynthesis in Pseudomonas is a very different from asking what molecules are present in a specific banana-derived strain of Pseudomonas. This review is meant to serve as a primer for a 'choose your own adventure' approach for microbiologists with limited mass spectrometry expertise, with a strong focus on liquid chromatography mass spectrometry based workflows developed or optimized within the past five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Grim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Gordon T Luu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Laura M Sanchez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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36
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Metabolic Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emitted by the Pathogens Francisella tularensis and Bacillus anthracis in Liquid Culture. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9333. [PMID: 32518249 PMCID: PMC7283342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted comprehensive (untargeted) metabolic profiling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted in culture by bacterial taxa Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis) subspecies novicida and Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis) Sterne, surrogates for potential bacterial bioterrorism agents, as well as selective measurements of VOCs from their fully virulent counterparts, F. tularensis subspecies tularensis strain SCHU S4 and B. anthracis Ames. F. tularensis and B. anthracis were grown in liquid broth for time periods that covered logarithmic growth, stationary, and decline phases. VOCs emitted over the course of the growth phases were collected from the headspace above the cultures using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We developed criteria for distinguishing VOCs originating from bacteria versus background VOCs (originating from growth media only controls or sampling devices). Analyses of collected VOCs revealed methyl ketones, alcohols, esters, carboxylic acids, and nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds that were present in the bacterial cultures and absent (or present at only low abundance) in control samples indicating that these compounds originated from the bacteria. Distinct VOC profiles where observed for F. tularensis when compared with B. anthracis while the observed profiles of each of the two F. tularensis and B. anthracis strains exhibited some similarities. Furthermore, the relative abundance of VOCs was influenced by bacterial growth phase. These data illustrate the potential for VOC profiles to distinguish pathogens at the genus and species-level and to discriminate bacterial growth phases. The determination of VOC profiles lays the groundwork for non-invasive probes of bacterial metabolism and offers prospects for detection of microbe-specific VOC biomarkers from two potential biowarfare agents.
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Effect of temperature on 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)-induced metabolome disruption in primary mouse hepatic cells. Toxicology 2020; 441:152503. [PMID: 32470494 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is one of the most popular cathinone derivatives worldwide and has recently been associated with several intoxications and deaths, in which, similarly to amphetamines, hyperthermia appears to play a prominent role. However, there remains a huge information gap underlying the mechanisms associated with its hepatotoxicity, namely under hyperthermic conditions. Here, we use a sensitive untargeted metabolomic approach based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to investigate the effect of subtoxic and toxic concentrations of MDPV on the metabolic profile of primary mouse hepatocytes (PMH), under normothermic and hyperthermic conditions. For this purpose, hepatocytes were exposed to increasing concentrations of MDPV (LC01, LC10 and LC30) for 24 h, at 37 °C or 40.5 °C, and alterations on both intracellular metabolome and extracellular volatilome were evaluated. Multivariate analysis showed a clear separation between MDPV exposed cells and control cells in normothermic conditions, even at subtoxic concentrations (LC01 and LC10). In normothermia, there was a significant dysregulation of pathways associated with ascorbate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and pyruvate metabolism. These metabolic changes were significantly increased at 40.5 °C, and several other pathways appear to be affected with the evolution of toxicity caused by MDPV under hyperthermic conditions, namely aspartate and glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine and tyrosine biosynthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, butanoate metabolism, among others. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of hepatotoxicity triggered by MDPV and highlight the higher risks that may occur under hyperthermic conditions.
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Che Y, Yin S, Wang H, Yang H, Xu R, Wang Q, Wu Y, Boutet J, Huet R, Wang C. Production of Methionol from 3-Methylthiopropionaldehyde by Catalysis of the Yeast Alcohol Dehydrogenase Adh4p. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4650-4656. [PMID: 32233408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methionol is a sulfur-containing aroma compound that contributes to the flavors of fermented foods. In this work, a novel method for methionol production was established using 3-methylthiopropionaldehyde (MMP) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). First, expression of seven ADH genes was analyzed in yeast fermentation added with MMP. Only ADH4 displayed an evident increased expression in response to MMP. ADH4 was then overexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c and Escherichia coli BL21. The recombinant yeast strain S4 produced more methionol than control strain in MMP fermentation. Furthermore, 0.55 g/L 42 kDa Adh4p was prepared from E. coli by induced expression and purification. A fed-batch catalysis system was finally established to produce methionol from MMP by Adh4p. In 10 h of continuous catalysis, the conversion rate of MMP remained 80-95%, and a final yield of 0.2 g/L methionol was achieved. This work proposed a novel method for methionol production by enzymatic catalysis with a potential application prospect in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Che
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food & Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food & Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food & Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huaqing Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food & Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ruixin Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food & Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food & Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food & Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Julien Boutet
- Bluestar Adisseo Nanjing Co., Ltd., 389 Changfenghe Road, Nanjing Chemical Industry Park, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210047, China
- Adisseo France SAS, Antony Parc 2, 10 Place du Général de Gaulle, F-92160 Antony, France
| | - Robert Huet
- Bluestar Adisseo Nanjing Co., Ltd., 389 Changfenghe Road, Nanjing Chemical Industry Park, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210047, China
- Adisseo France SAS, Antony Parc 2, 10 Place du Général de Gaulle, F-92160 Antony, France
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food & Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Metabolomics fingerprint of Philippine coffee by SPME-GC-MS for geographical and varietal classification. Food Res Int 2020; 134:109227. [PMID: 32517906 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Volatile metabolites of Philippine Arabica and Robusta coffee beans in both forms standard (not-eaten by the Asian palm civet) and civet coffee grown in different Philippine regions were identified using the hyphenated technique headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A great number of volatile metabolites with a wide variety of functional groups were extracted and forty-seven prominent compounds were identified. The volatile metabolomics (volatilomics) fingerprint of Arabica coffees considerably differed from Robusta coffee and geographical origin slightly altered the fingerprint profile of coffee samples. Chemometric analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) displayed a good classification between Arabica and Robusta coffee samples. Although Arabica coffee samples from different geographical origins were clustered separately from each other, the proximity of clusters between Arabica coffee samples which could be classified into one large group, indicated their close similarity of headspace metabolites. The distinction between Arabica samples and Robusta coffees was attributed through the PCA to several key volatile metabolites, in particular, higher quantities of acetic acid, furfural, 5-methylfurfural, 2-formylpyrrole and maltol and lower concentrations of 4-ethylguaiacol and phenol. These discriminating metabolites could represent useful quality markers to differentiate Arabica from Robusta coffee. Results revealed that the headspace metabolites in coffee provide significant information on its inherent aroma quality. Also, the findings suggested that the overall quality of Philippine coffee is variety and region-specific.
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Araújo AM, Enea M, Fernandes E, Carvalho F, de Lourdes Bastos M, Carvalho M, Guedes de Pinho P. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Hepatotoxicity under the Heat Stress Condition: Novel Insights from in Vitro Metabolomic Studies. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1222-1234. [PMID: 31971386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthermia has been extensively reported as a life-threatening consequence of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) abuse. In this work, we used a sensitive untargeted metabolomic approach based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to evaluate the impact of hyperthermia on the hepatic metabolic changes caused by MDMA. For this purpose, primary mouse hepatocytes were exposed to subtoxic (LC01 and LC10) and toxic (LC30) concentrations of MDMA for 24 h, at 37 or 40.5 °C (simulating body temperature increase after MDMA consumption), and alterations on both intracellular metabolome and extracellular volatilome were evaluated. Multivariate analysis showed that metabolic patterns clearly discriminate MDMA treated cells from control cells, both in normothermic and hyperthermic conditions. The metabolic signature was found to be largely common to MDMA subtoxic and toxic concentrations, although with evident differences in the magnitude of response, with metabolic changes significantly more pronounced at 40.5 °C. Discriminant metabolites associated with MDMA-induced hepatotoxicity are mostly involved in the amino acid metabolism, aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and pyruvate metabolism. Moreover, our metabolomic findings were corroborated by classical toxicity parameters, demonstrating the high sensitivity of this omic approach to assess molecular-level effects. Overall, this study indicates that MDMA triggers significant metabolic alterations on hepatic cells, even at low concentrations, that are clearly exacerbated at high temperatures. These findings provide new metabolic pieces to solve the puzzle of MDMA's hepatotoxicity mechanism and emphasize the increased risks of MDMA abuse due to the thermogenic action of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Araújo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Enea
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, Praça Nove de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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41
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Orr ME, Reveles KR, Yeh CK, Young EH, Han X. Can oral health and oral-derived biospecimens predict progression of dementia? Oral Dis 2020; 26:249-258. [PMID: 31541581 PMCID: PMC7031023 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that oral health and brain health are interconnected. Declining cognition and dementia coincide with lack of self‐preservation, including oral hygiene. The oral microbiota plays an important role in maintaining oral health. Emerging evidence suggests a link between oral dysbiosis and cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease. This review showcases the recent advances connecting oral health and cognitive function during aging and the potential utility of oral‐derived biospecimens to inform on brain health. Collectively, experimental findings indicate that the connection between oral health and cognition cannot be underestimated; moreover, oral biospecimens are abundant and readily obtainable without invasive procedures, which may help inform on cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda E Orr
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center and Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kelly R Reveles
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Pharmacotherapy Education & Research Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center and Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas.,Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Eric H Young
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Pharmacotherapy Education & Research Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Chemical Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Headspace of Algal Cultures as Early Biomarkers of Algal Pond Crashes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13866. [PMID: 31554867 PMCID: PMC6761164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Algae ponds used in industrial biomass production are susceptible to pathogen or grazer infestation, resulting in pond crashes with high economic costs. Current methods to monitor and mitigate unhealthy ponds are hindered by a lack of early indicators that precede culture crash. We used solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify volatiles emitted from healthy and rotifer infested cultures of Microchloropsis salina. After 48 hours of algal growth, marine rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis, were added to the algae cultures and volatile organic compounds (VOC) were sampled from the headspace using SPME fibers. A GC-MS approach was used in an untargeted analysis of VOCs, followed by preliminary identification. The addition of B. plicatilis to healthy cultures of M. salina resulted in decreased algal cell numbers, relative to uninfected controls, and generated trans-β-ionone and β-cyclocitral, which were attributed to carotenoid degradation. The abundances of the carotenoid-derived VOCs increased with rotifer consumption of algae. Our results indicate that specific VOCs released by infected algae cultures may be early indicators for impending pond crashes, providing a useful tool to monitor algal biomass production and pond crash prevention.
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Araújo AM, Carvalho M, Bastos MDL, Carvalho F, de Pinho PG. Metabolic signature of methylone in primary mouse hepatocytes, at subtoxic concentrations. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3277-3290. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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44
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Dardouri T, Gautier H, Ben Issa R, Costagliola G, Gomez L. Repellence of Myzus persicae (Sulzer): evidence of two modes of action of volatiles from selected living aromatic plants. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1571-1584. [PMID: 30461184 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intercropping companion plants (CPs) with horticultural crops could be an eco-friendly strategy to optimize pest management. In this research, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by some CPs were investigated for their repellent properties towards the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer). The aim of this study was to understand the modes of action involved: direct effects on the aphid and/or indirect effects via the host plant (pepper, Capsicum annuum L.). RESULTS We identified two promising repellent CP species: the volatile blend from basil (Ocimum basilicum, direct repellent effect) and the mixture of (or previously intercropped) C. annuum plants with Tagetes patula cv. Nana (indirect effect). This effect was cultivar-dependent and linked to the volatile bouquet. For the 16 compounds present in the O. basilicum or T. patula bouquets tested individually, (E)-β-farnesene, and eugenol reported good repellent properties against M. persicae. Other compounds were repellent at medium and/or highest concentrations. Thus, the presence of repellent VOCs in a mixture does not mean that it has a repellent propriety. CONCLUSION We identified two promising repellent CP species towards M. persicae, with a likely effect of one CP's VOCs on the host plant repellency and highlighted the specific effectiveness of VOC blends. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Dardouri
- Environnement et Agronomie, UR1115 PSH Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, INRA, Avignon, France
| | - Hélène Gautier
- Environnement et Agronomie, UR1115 PSH Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, INRA, Avignon, France
| | - Refka Ben Issa
- Environnement et Agronomie, UR1115 PSH Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, INRA, Avignon, France
| | - Guy Costagliola
- Environnement et Agronomie, UR1115 PSH Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, INRA, Avignon, France
| | - Laurent Gomez
- Environnement et Agronomie, UR1115 PSH Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, INRA, Avignon, France
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Silvestre R, Torrado E. Metabolomic-Based Methods in Diagnosis and Monitoring Infection Progression. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2019; 109:283-315. [PMID: 30535603 PMCID: PMC7124096 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74932-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A robust biomarker screening and validation is crucial for overcoming the current limits in the clinical management of infectious diseases. In this chapter, a general workflow for metabolomics is summarized. Subsequently, an overview of the major contributions of this omics science to the field of biomarkers of infectious diseases is discussed. Different approaches using a variety of analytical platforms can be distinguished to unveil the key metabolites for the diagnosis, prognosis, response to treatment and susceptibility for infectious diseases. To allow the implementation of such biomarkers into the clinics, the performance of large-scale studies employing solid validation criteria becomes essential. Focusing on the etiological agents and after an extensive review of the field, we present a comprehensive revision of the main metabolic biomarkers of viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic diseases. Finally, we discussed several articles which show the strongest validation criteria. Following these research avenues, precious clinical resources will be revealed, allowing for reduced misdiagnosis, more efficient therapies, and affordable costs, ultimately leading to a better patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Silvestre
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Egídio Torrado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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46
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Chen X, Wu Q, Chen Z, Li T, Zhang Z, Gao H, Yun Z, Jiang Y. Changes in pericarp metabolite profiling of four litchi cultivars during browning. Food Res Int 2019; 120:339-351. [PMID: 31000248 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pericarp browning is an important physiological index during the postharvest storage, which seriously shortens the shelf-life of litchi fruit. In this study, the browning index of four litchi cultivars were compared, and the shelf-life, from longer to shorter, was 'Feizixiao (FXZ)', 'Jingganghongnuo (JGHN)', 'Huaizhi (HZ)' and 'Nuomici (NMC)', respectively. Then, comparative metabolomics were performed in the pericarp of four litchi cultivars during browning. Finding results showed that a total of 119 kinds of metabolites were detected in litchi pericarp, including 30 kinds of primary metabolites, 44 kinds of volatile compounds, 29 kinds of free amino acids and 16 kinds of hydrolytic amino acids. After ANOVA and OPLS-DA, 52 kinds of metabolites were important with predictive VIP > 1 and p < 0.05. In FZX pericarp, the contents of many amino acids increased significantly, which might be related to the yellow-green pericarp and play an important role in delaying browning. In the pericarp of JGHN, NMC and HZ, a great number of soluble sugars and some free amino acids were induced during browning, which was negatively correlated with the browning speed of three red pericarp cultivars. The browning induced a large number of sesquiterpenes in the pericarp of FZX, NMC and HZ, which was positively correlated with the browning index. In addition, the correlation analysis showed that the amino acids were negatively correlated with the volatile compounds, suggesting that pericarp browning could induce the conversion of metabolic products from amino acids to terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qixian Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhongsuzhi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Taotao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Zhengke Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, No.58 Haidiandao Renmin Street, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Huijun Gao
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 Dafeng Two Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Ze Yun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Beale DJ, Pinu FR, Kouremenos KA, Poojary MM, Narayana VK, Boughton BA, Kanojia K, Dayalan S, Jones OAH, Dias DA. Review of recent developments in GC-MS approaches to metabolomics-based research. Metabolomics 2018; 14:152. [PMID: 30830421 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics aims to identify the changes in endogenous metabolites of biological systems in response to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This is accomplished through untargeted, semi-targeted and targeted based approaches. Untargeted and semi-targeted methods are typically applied in hypothesis-generating investigations (aimed at measuring as many metabolites as possible), while targeted approaches analyze a relatively smaller subset of biochemically important and relevant metabolites. Regardless of approach, it is well recognized amongst the metabolomics community that gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is one of the most efficient, reproducible and well used analytical platforms for metabolomics research. This is due to the robust, reproducible and selective nature of the technique, as well as the large number of well-established libraries of both commercial and 'in house' metabolite databases available. AIM OF REVIEW This review provides an overview of developments in GC-MS based metabolomics applications, with a focus on sample preparation and preservation techniques. A number of chemical derivatization (in-time, in-liner, offline and microwave assisted) techniques are also discussed. Electron impact ionization and a summary of alternate mass analyzers are highlighted, along with a number of recently reported new GC columns suited for metabolomics. Lastly, multidimensional GC-MS and its application in environmental and biomedical research is presented, along with the importance of bioinformatics. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to both highlight and provide an update on GC-MS analytical techniques that are common in metabolomics studies. Specific emphasis is given to the key steps within the GC-MS workflow that those new to this field need to be aware of and the common pitfalls that should be looked out for when starting in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Beale
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), P.O. Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia.
| | - Farhana R Pinu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Konstantinos A Kouremenos
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
- Trajan Scientific and Medical, 7 Argent Pl, Ringwood, 3134, Australia
| | - Mahesha M Poojary
- Chemistry Section, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Vinod K Narayana
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Berin A Boughton
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Komal Kanojia
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Saravanan Dayalan
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Oliver A H Jones
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Daniel A Dias
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, 3083, Australia.
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Analysis of extracellular metabolome by HS-SPME/GC–MS: Optimization and application in a pilot study to evaluate galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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49
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Lu H, Wu W, Limwachiranon J, Yang D, Xiao G, Luo Z, Li L. Effect of Micro-Perforated Film Packing on Fatty Acid-Derived Volatile Metabolism of “Red Globe” Table Grapes. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-018-2142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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50
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Oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated fibers for headspace solid-phase microextraction of amphetamine-type stimulants in human urine. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 290:49-55. [PMID: 30015279 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted a lot of attention as effective sorbents due to their strong sorption properties and several potential applications in many fields. In this work, the acid oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH) was coated onto a stainless steel wire by a simple physical adhesion approach to develop solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers. By combination of the MWCNTs-COOH coated fiber-based headspace SPME and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the developed method demonstrates a good enhancement factor (288-651), low limits of detection (LODs, 0.2-1.3μg/L) for determination of amphetamine-type stimulant drugs (ATSs) in urine samples. The recoveries of the spiked ATSs (5, 50 and 500μg/L) were in the range of 88-107%, the calibration curve was linear for concentrations of analytes in the range from 0.5 to 1000μg/L (R=0.963-0.999). Furthermore, single fiber repeatability and fiber-to-fiber reproducibility were in the range of 2.3%-6.2% (n=6) and 5.7%-9.8% (n=3), respectively. The MWCNTs-COOH coated fiber is highly thermally stable and can be used over 150 times. The method was successfully applied to the forensic determination of amphetamine (AMP) and methamphetamine (MAMP) in human urine samples and satisfactory results were achieved.
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