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Shao G, Liu Y, Lu L, Wang L, Ji G, Xu H. Therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of digestive inflammatory cancer transformation: Portulaca oleracea L. as a promising drug. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:117999. [PMID: 38447616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for centuries to treat various types of inflammation and tumors of the digestive system. Portulaca oleracea L. (POL), has been used in TCM for thousands of years. The chemical composition of POL is variable and includes flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and organic acids and other classes of natural compounds. Many of these compounds exhibit powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer-transforming effects in the digestive system. AIM OF STUDY In this review, we focus on the potential therapeutic role of POL in NASH, gastritis and colitis and their associated cancers, with a focus on the pharmacological properties and potential mechanisms of action of the main natural active compounds in POL. METHODS The information and data on Portulaca oleracea L. and its main active ingredients were collated from various resources like ethnobotanical textbooks and literature databases such as CNKI, VIP (Chinese literature), PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier and Google Scholar (English literatures), Wiley, Springer, Tailor and Francis, Scopus, Inflibnet. RESULTS Kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, quercetin, genistein, EPA, DHA, and melatonin were found to improve NASH and NASH-HCC, while kaempferol, apigenin, luteolin, and quercetin played a therapeutic role in gastritis and gastric cancer. Apigenin, luteolin, myricetin, quercetin, genistein, lupeol, vitamin C and melatonin were found to have therapeutic effects in the treatment of colitis and its associated cancers. The discovery of the beneficial effects of these natural active compounds in POL supports the idea that POL could be a promising novel candidate for the treatment and prevention of inflammation-related cancers of the digestive system. CONCLUSION The discovery of the beneficial effects of these natural active compounds in POL supports the idea that POL could be a promising novel candidate for the treatment and prevention of inflammation-related cancers of the digestive system. However, clinical data describing the mode of action of the naturally active compounds of POL are still lacking. In addition, pharmacokinetic data for POL compounds, such as changes in drug dose and absorption rates, cannot be extrapolated from animal models and need to be measured in patients in clinical trials. On the one hand, a systematic meta-analysis of the existing publications on TCM containing POL still needs to be carried out. On the other hand, studies on the hepatic and renal toxicity of POL are also needed. Additionally, well-designed preclinical and clinical studies to validate the therapeutic effects of TCM need to be performed, thus hopefully providing a basis for the validation of the clinical benefits of POL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxuan Shao
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, China.
| | - Hanchen Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, China.
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Wen X, Fretts AM, Miao G, Malloy KM, Zhang Y, Umans JG, Cole SA, Best LG, Fiehn O, Zhao J. Plasma lipidomic markers of diet quality are associated with incident coronary heart disease in American Indian adults: the Strong Heart Family Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:748-755. [PMID: 38160800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying lipidomic markers of diet quality is needed to inform the development of biomarkers of diet, and to understand the mechanisms driving the diet- coronary heart disease (CHD) association. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify lipidomic markers of diet quality and examine whether these lipids are associated with incident CHD. METHODS Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we measured 1542 lipid species from 1694 American Indian adults (aged 18-75 years, 62% female) in the Strong Heart Family Study. Participants were followed up for development of CHD through 2020. Information on the past year diet was collected using the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire, and diet quality was assessed using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI). Mixed-effects linear regression was used to identify individual lipids cross-sectionally associated with AHEI. In prospective analysis, Cox frailty model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of each AHEI-related lipid for incident CHD. All models were adjusted for age, sex, center, education, body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, level of physical activity, energy intake, diabetes, hypertension, and use of lipid-lowering drugs. Multiple testing was controlled at a false discovery rate of <0.05. RESULTS Among 1542 lipid species measured, 71 lipid species (23 known), including acylcarnitine, cholesterol esters, glycerophospholipids, sphingomyelins and triacylglycerols, were associated with AHEI. Most of the identified lipids were associated with consumption of ω-3 (n-3) fatty acids. In total, 147 participants developed CHD during a mean follow-up of 17.8 years. Among the diet-related lipids, 10 lipids [5 known: cholesterol ester (CE)(22:5)B, phosphatidylcholine (PC)(p-14:0/22:1)/PC(o-14:0/22:1), PC(p-38:3)/PC(o-38:4)B, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)(p-18:0/20:4)/PE(o-18:0/20:4), and sphingomyelin (d36:2)A] were associated with incident CHD. On average, each standard deviation increase in the baseline level of these 5 lipids was associated with 17%-23% increased risk of CHD (from HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1, 1.36; to HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.43). CONCLUSIONS In this study, lipidomic markers of diet quality in American Indian adults are found. Some diet-related lipids are associated with risk of CHD beyond established risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Amanda M Fretts
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Guanhong Miao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kimberly M Malloy
- Center for American Indian Health Research, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center for American Indian Health Research, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jason G Umans
- Biomarker, Biochemistry, and Biorepository Core, MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, United States; Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Shelley A Cole
- Population Health, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Lyle G Best
- Missouri Breaks Industries Research, Timber Lake, SD, United States
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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Mazi TA, Shibata NM, Sarode GV, Medici V. Hepatic oxylipin profiles in mouse models of Wilson disease: New insights into early hepatic manifestations. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159446. [PMID: 38072238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic inflammation is commonly identified in Wilson disease (WD), a genetic disease of hepatic and brain copper accumulation. Copper accumulation is associated with increased oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species generation which may result in non-enzymatic oxidation of membrane-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). PUFA can be oxidized enzymatically via lipoxygenases (LOX), cyclooxygenases (COX), and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP). Products of PUFA oxidation are collectively known as oxylipins (OXL) and are bioactive lipids that modulate hepatic inflammation. We examined hepatic OXL profiles at early stages of WD in two mouse models, the toxic milk mouse from The Jackson Laboratory (tx-j) and the Atp7b knockout on a C57Bl/6 background (Atp7b-/-B6). Targeted lipidomic analysis performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry showed that in both tx-j and Atp7b-/-B6 mice, hepatic OXL profiles were altered with higher thromboxane and prostaglandins levels. The levels of oxidative stress marker, 9-HETE were increased more markedly in tx-j mice. However, both genotypes showed upregulated transcript levels of many genes related to oxidative stress and inflammation. Both genotypes showed higher prostaglandins, thromboxin along with higher PUFA-derived alcohols, diols, and ketones with altered epoxides; the expression of Alox5 was upregulated and many CYP-related genes were dysregulated. Pathway analyses show dysregulation in arachidonic acid and linoleic acid metabolism characterizes mice with WD. Our findings indicate alterations in hepatic PUFA metabolism in early-stage WD and suggest the upregulation of both, non-enzymatic ROS-dependent and enzymatic PUFA oxidation, which could have implications for hepatic manifestations in WD and represent potential targets for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tagreed A Mazi
- Department of Community Health Sciences-Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Noreene M Shibata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Gaurav V Sarode
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Adams VR, Collins LB, Williams TI, Holmes J, Hess P, Atkins HM, Scheidemantle G, Liu X, Lodge M, Johnson AJ, Kennedy A. Myeloid cell MHC I expression drives CD8 + T cell activation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1302006. [PMID: 38274832 PMCID: PMC10808415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1302006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Activated CD8+ T cells are elevated in Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and are important for driving fibrosis and inflammation. Despite this, mechanisms of CD8+ T cell activation in NASH are largely limited. Specific CD8+ T cell subsets may become activated through metabolic signals or cytokines. However, studies in NASH have not evaluated the impact of antigen presentation or the involvement of specific antigens. Therefore, we determined if activated CD8+ T cells are dependent on MHC class I expression in NASH to regulate fibrosis and inflammation. Methods We used H2Kb and H2Db deficient (MHC I KO), Kb transgenic mice, and myeloid cell Kb deficient mice (LysM Kb KO) to investigate how MHC class I impacts CD8+ T cell function and NASH. Flow cytometry, gene expression, and histology were used to examine hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. The hepatic class I immunopeptidome was evaluated by mass spectrometry. Results In NASH, MHC class I isoform H2Kb was upregulated in myeloid cells. MHC I KO demonstrated protective effects against NASH-induced inflammation and fibrosis. Kb mice exhibited increased fibrosis in the absence of H2Db while LysM Kb KO mice showed protection against fibrosis but not inflammation. H2Kb restricted peptides identified a unique NASH peptide Ncf2 capable of CD8+ T cell activation in vitro. The Ncf2 peptide was not detected during fibrosis resolution. Conclusion These results suggest that activated hepatic CD8+ T cells are dependent on myeloid cell MHC class I expression in diet induced NASH to promote inflammation and fibrosis. Additionally, our studies suggest a role of NADPH oxidase in the production of Ncf2 peptide generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R. Adams
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Leonard B. Collins
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Taufika Islam Williams
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Department of Chemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer Holmes
- College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Paul Hess
- College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Hannah M. Atkins
- Center for Human Health and Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Division of Comparative Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Grace Scheidemantle
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Mareca Lodge
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Aaron J. Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Arion Kennedy
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Spooner MH, Garcia-Jaramillo M, Apperson KD, Löhr CV, Jump DB. Time course of western diet (WD) induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in female and male Ldlr-/- mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292432. [PMID: 37819925 PMCID: PMC10566735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health problem. Identification of factors contributing to the onset and progression of NAFLD have the potential to direct novel strategies to combat NAFLD. METHODS We examined the time course of western diet (WD)-induced NAFLD and its progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in age-matched female and male Ldlr-/- mice, with time-points at 1, 4, 8, 20 and 40 weeks on the WD. Controls included Ldlr-/- mice maintained on a purified low-fat diet (LFD) for 1 and 40 weeks. The approach included quantitation of anthropometric, plasma and liver markers of disease, plus hepatic histology, lipids, oxylipins, gene expression and selected metabolites. RESULTS One week of feeding the WD caused a significant reduction in hepatic essential fatty acids (EFAs: 18:2, ω6, 18:3, ω3) which preceded the decline in many C20-22 ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and PUFA-derived oxylipins after 4 weeks on the WD. In addition, expression of hepatic inflammation markers (CD40, CD44, Mcp1, Nlrp3, TLR2, TLR4, Trem2) increased significantly in both female & male mice after one week on the WD. These markers continued to increase over the 40-week WD feeding study. WD effects on hepatic EFA and inflammation preceded all significant WD-induced changes in body weight, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), oxidative stress status (GSH/GSSG ratio) and histological and gene expression markers of macrosteatosis, extracellular matrix remodeling and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings establish that feeding Ldlr-/- mice the WD rapidly lowered hepatic EFAs and induced key inflammatory markers linked to NASH. Since EFAs have an established role in inflammation and hepatic inflammation plays a major role in NASH, we suggest that early clinical assessment of EFA status and correcting EFA deficiencies may be useful in reducing NASH severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda H. Spooner
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis OR, United States of America
| | - K. Denise Apperson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Christiane V. Löhr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Donald B. Jump
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic fatty liver disease worldwide, particularly in obese and type 2 diabetic individuals. Currently, there are no therapies for NAFLD that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Herein, we examine the rationale for using ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in NAFLD therapy. This focus is based on the finding that NAFLD severity is associated with a reduction of hepatic C20-22 ω3 PUFAs. Because C20-22 ω3 PUFAs are pleiotropic regulators of cell function, loss of C20-22 ω3 PUFAs has the potential to significantly impact hepatic function. We describe NAFLD prevalence and pathophysiology as well as current NAFLD therapies. We also present evidence from clinical and preclinical studies that evaluated the capacity of C20-22 ω3 PUFAs to treat NAFLD. Given the clinical and preclinical evidence, dietary C20-22 ω3 PUFA supplementation has the potential to decrease human NAFLD severity by reducing hepatosteatosis and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda H Spooner
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA;
| | - Donald B Jump
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA;
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Padiadpu J, Spooner MH, Li Z, Newman N, Löhr CV, Apperson KD, Dzutsev A, Trinchieri G, Shulzhenko N, Morgun A, Jump DB. Early transcriptome changes associated with western diet induced NASH in Ldlr-/- mice points to activation of hepatic macrophages and an acute phase response. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1147602. [PMID: 37609485 PMCID: PMC10440380 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1147602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health problem. Identifying early gene indicators contributing to the onset and progression of NAFLD has the potential to develop novel targets for early therapeutic intervention. We report on the early and late transcriptomic signatures of western diet (WD)-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in female and male Ldlr-/- mice, with time-points at 1 week and 40 weeks on the WD. Control Ldlr-/- mice were maintained on a low-fat diet (LFD) for 1 and 40 weeks. Methods The approach included quantitation of anthropometric and hepatic histology markers of disease as well as the hepatic transcriptome. Results Only mice fed the WD for 40 weeks revealed evidence of NASH, i.e., hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. RNASeq transcriptome analysis, however, revealed multiple cell-specific changes in gene expression after 1 week that persisted to 40 weeks on the WD. These early markers of disease include induction of acute phase response (Saa1-2, Orm2), fibrosis (Col1A1, Col1A2, TGFβ) and NASH associated macrophage (NAM, i.e., Trem2 high, Mmp12 low). We also noted the induction of transcripts associated with metabolic syndrome, including Mmp12, Trem2, Gpnmb, Lgals3 and Lpl. Finally, 1 week of WD feeding was sufficient to significantly induce TNFα, a cytokine involved in both hepatic and systemic inflammation. Conclusion This study revealed early onset changes in the hepatic transcriptome that develop well before any anthropometric or histological evidence of NALFD or NASH and pointed to cell-specific targeting for the prevention of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi Padiadpu
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Melinda H. Spooner
- Nutrition Program, Colleges of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Nolan Newman
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Christiane V. Löhr
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - K. Denise Apperson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Amiran Dzutsev
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NCI-NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NCI-NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Andrey Morgun
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Donald B. Jump
- Nutrition Program, Colleges of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Iannone V, Lok J, Babu AF, Gómez-Gallego C, Willman RM, Koistinen VM, Klåvus A, Kettunen MI, Kårlund A, Schwab U, Hanhineva K, Kolehmainen M, El-Nezami H. Associations of altered hepatic gene expression in American lifestyle-induced obesity syndrome diet-fed mice with metabolic changes during NAFLD development and progression. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 115:109307. [PMID: 36868506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis remains poorly understood due to the complex metabolic and inflammatory changes in the liver. This study aimed to elucidate hepatic events related to inflammation and lipid metabolism and their linkage with metabolic alterations during NAFLD in American lifestyle-induced obesity syndrome (ALIOS) diet-fed mice. Forty-eight C57BL/6J male mice were fed with ALIOS diet (n=24) or control chow diet (n=24) for 8, 12, and 16 weeks. At the end of each timepoint, eight mice were sacrificed where plasma and liver were collected. Hepatic fat accumulation was followed using magnetic resonance imaging and confirmed with histology. Further, targeted gene expression and non-targeted metabolomics analysis were conducted. Our results showed higher hepatic steatosis, body weight, energy consumption, and liver mass in ALIOS diet-fed mice compared to control mice. ALIOS diet altered expression of genes related to inflammation (Tnfa and IL-6) and lipid metabolism (Cd36, Fasn, Scd1, Cpt1a, and Ppara). Metabolomics analysis indicated decrease of lipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids such as LPE(20:5) and LPC(20:5) with increase of other lipid species such as LPI(16:0) and LPC(16:2) and peptides such as alanyl-phenylalanine and glutamyl-arginine. We further observed novel correlations between different metabolites including sphingolipid, lysophospholipids, peptides, and bile acid with inflammation, lipid uptake and synthesis. Together with the reduction of antioxidant metabolites and gut microbiota-derived metabolites contribute to NAFLD development and progression. The combination of non-targeted metabolomics with gene expression in future studies can further identify key metabolic routes during NAFLD which could be the targets of potential novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Iannone
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johnson Lok
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ambrin Farizah Babu
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Afekta Technologies Ltd., Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carlos Gómez-Gallego
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Roosa Maria Willman
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Mikael Koistinen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Afekta Technologies Ltd., Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life technologies, Food Sciences Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Mikko I Kettunen
- Kuopio Biomedical Imaging Unit, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Kårlund
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Afekta Technologies Ltd., Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life technologies, Food Sciences Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Molecular and Cell Biology Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong China
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Bah TM, Allen EM, Garcia-Jaramillo M, Perez R, Zarnegarnia Y, Davis CM, Bloom MB, Magana AA, Choi J, Bobe G, Pike MM, Raber J, Maier CS, Alkayed NJ. GPR39 Deficiency Impairs Memory and Alters Oxylipins and Inflammatory Cytokines Without Affecting Cerebral Blood Flow in a High-Fat Diet Mouse Model of Cognitive Impairment. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:893030. [PMID: 35875352 PMCID: PMC9298837 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.893030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second most common cause of dementia. There is no treatment for VCI, in part due to a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms. The G-protein coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) is regulated by arachidonic acid (AA)-derived oxylipins that have been implicated in VCI. Furthermore, GPR39 is increased in microglia of post mortem human brains with VCI. Carriers of homozygous GPR39 SNPs have a higher burden of white matter hyperintensity, an MRI marker of VCI. We tested the hypothesis that GPR39 plays a protective role against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced cognitive impairment, in part mediated via oxylipins actions on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neuroinflammation. Homozygous (KO) and heterozygous (Het) GPR39 knockout mice and wild-type (WT) littermates with and without HFD for 8 months were tested for cognitive performance using the novel object recognition (NOR) and the Morris water maze (MWM) tests, followed by CBF measurements using MRI. Brain tissue and plasma oxylipins were quantified with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Cytokines and chemokines were measured using a multiplex assay. KO mice, regardless of diet, swam further away from platform location in the MWM compared to WT and Het mice. In the NOR test, there were no effects of genotype or diet. Brain and plasma AA-derived oxylipins formed by 11- and 15-lipoxygenase (LOX), cyclooxygenase (COX) and non-enzymatically were increased by HFD and GPR39 deletion. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) was lower in KO mice on HFD than standard diet (STD), whereas IL-4, interferon γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10) and monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3) were altered by diet in both WT and KO, but were not affected by genotype. Resting CBF was reduced in WT and KO mice on HFD, with no change in vasoreactivity. The deletion of GPR39 did not change CBF compared to WT mice on either STD or HFD. We conclude that GPR39 plays a role in spatial memory retention and protects against HFD-induced cognitive impairment in part by modulating inflammation and AA-derived oxylipins. The results indicate that GPR39 and oxylipin pathways play a role and may serve as therapeutic targets in VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierno M. Bah
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Elyse M. Allen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Ruby Perez
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Yalda Zarnegarnia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Catherine M. Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Madeline B. Bloom
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Armando A. Magana
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Martin M. Pike
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Departments of Neurology, Radiation Medicine, and Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Nabil J. Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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10
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Reitsma SE, Lakshmanan HHS, Johnson J, Pang J, Parra-Izquierdo I, Melrose AR, Choi J, Anderson DEJ, Hinds MT, Stevens JF, Aslan JE, McCarty OJT, Lo JO. Chronic edible dosing of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in nonhuman primates reduces systemic platelet activity and function. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C370-C381. [PMID: 35080922 PMCID: PMC8858671 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00373.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis usage has steadily increased as acceptance is growing for both medical and recreational reasons. Medical cannabis is administered for treatment of chronic pain based on the premise that the endocannabinoid system signals desensitize pain sensor neurons and produce anti-inflammatory effects. The major psychoactive ingredient of cannabis is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) that signals mainly through cannabinoid receptor-1 (CBr), which is also present on nonneuron cells including blood platelets of the circulatory system. In vitro, CBr-mediated signaling has been shown to acutely inhibit platelet activation downstream of the platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein (GP)VI. The systemic effects of chronic THC administration on platelet activity and function remain unclear. This study investigates the effects of chronic THC administration on platelet function using a nonhuman primate (NHP) model. Our results show that female and male NHPs consuming a daily THC edible had reduced platelet adhesion, aggregation, and granule secretion in response to select platelet agonists. Furthermore, a change in bioactive lipids (oxylipins) was observed in the female cohort after THC administration. These results indicate that chronic THC edible administration desensitized platelet activity and function in response to GPVI- and G-protein coupled receptor-based activation by interfering with primary and secondary feedback signaling pathways. These observations may have important clinical implications for patients who use medical marijuana and for providers caring for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie E. Reitsma
- 1Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Jennifer Johnson
- 1Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jiaqing Pang
- 1Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Iván Parra-Izquierdo
- 1Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon,2Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Alex R. Melrose
- 1Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon,2Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- 3Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Deirdre E. J. Anderson
- 1Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Monica T. Hinds
- 1Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jan Frederik Stevens
- 3Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon,4College of Pharmacy, Oregon State university, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Joseph E. Aslan
- 1Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon,2Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Owen J. T. McCarty
- 1Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jamie O. Lo
- 5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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11
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Willis SA, Bawden SJ, Malaikah S, Sargeant JA, Stensel DJ, Aithal GP, King JA. The role of hepatic lipid composition in obesity-related metabolic disease. Liver Int 2021; 41:2819-2835. [PMID: 34547171 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a primary antecedent to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease whose cardinal feature is excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. Although total hepatic lipid content closely associates with hepatic and systemic metabolic dysfunction, accumulating evidence suggests that the composition of hepatic lipids may be more discriminatory. This review summarises cross-sectional human studies using liver biopsy/lipidomics and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to characterise hepatic lipid composition in people with obesity and related metabolic disease. A comprehensive literature search identified 26 relevant studies published up to 31st March 2021 which were included in the review. The available evidence provides a consistent picture showing that people with hepatic steatosis possess elevated saturated and/or monounsaturated hepatic lipids and a reduced proportion of polyunsaturated hepatic lipids. This altered hepatic lipid profile associates more directly with metabolic derangements, such as insulin resistance, and may be exacerbated in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Further evidence from lipidomic studies suggests that these deleterious changes may be related to defects in lipid desaturation and elongation, and an augmentation of the de novo lipogenic pathway. These observations are consistent with mechanistic studies implicating saturated fatty acids and associated bioactive lipid intermediates (ceramides, lysophosphatidylcholines and diacylglycerol) in the development of hepatic lipotoxicity and wider metabolic dysfunction, whilst monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids may exhibit a protective role. Future studies are needed to prospectively determine the relevance of hepatic lipid composition for hepatic and non-hepatic morbidity and mortality; and to further evaluate the impact of therapeutic interventions such as pharmacotherapy and lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Willis
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Stephen J Bawden
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Leicester, UK
| | - Sundus Malaikah
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jack A Sargeant
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David J Stensel
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Guruprasad P Aithal
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Leicester, UK.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James A King
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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12
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Duan J, Song Y, Zhang X, Wang C. Effect of ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids-Derived Bioactive Lipids on Metabolic Disorders. Front Physiol 2021; 12:646491. [PMID: 34113260 PMCID: PMC8185290 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.646491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an important ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA) are three well-known ω-3 PUFAs. These fatty acids can be metabolized into a number of bioactive lipids. Eicosanoids derived from ARA have drawn great attention because of their important and complex biofunctions. Although EPA, DHA and n-3 DPA have also shown powerful biofunctions, we have fewer studies of metabolites derived from them than those from ARA. Recently, growing research has focused on the bioaction of ω-3 PUFA-derived metabolites, which indicates their great potential for treating metabolic disorders. Most of the functional studies of these bioactive lipids focused on their anti-inflammatory effects. However, several studies elucidated their direct effects on pancreatic β cells, hepatocytes, adipocytes, skeletal muscle cells, and endothelial cells. These researches revealed the importance of studying the functions of metabolites derived from ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids other than themselves. The current review summarizes research into the effects of ω-3 PUFA-derived oxylipins on metabolic disorders, including diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, adipose tissue dysfunction, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Duan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yayue Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunjiong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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13
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Le DE, García-Jaramillo M, Bobe G, Alcazar Magana A, Vaswani A, Minnier J, Jump DB, Rinkevich D, Alkayed NJ, Maier CS, Kaul S. Plasma Oxylipins: A Potential Risk Assessment Tool in Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:645786. [PMID: 33969011 PMCID: PMC8097092 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.645786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: While oxylipins have been linked to coronary artery disease (CAD), little is known about their diagnostic and prognostic potential. Objective: We tested whether plasma concentration of specific oxylipins may discriminate among number of diseased coronary arteries and predict median 5-year outcomes in symptomatic adults. Methods: Using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and quantitative tandem mass spectrometry, we conducted a targeted analysis of 39 oxylipins in plasma samples of 23 asymptomatic adults with low CAD risk and 74 symptomatic adults (≥70% stenosis), aged 38–87 from the Greater Portland, Oregon area. Concentrations of 22 oxylipins were above the lower limit of quantification in >98% of adults and were compared, individually and in groups based on precursors and biosynthetic pathways, in symptomatic adults to number of diseased coronary arteries [(1) n = 31; (2) n = 23; (3) n = 20], and outcomes during a median 5-year follow-up (no surgery: n = 7; coronary stent placement: n = 24; coronary artery bypass graft surgery: n = 26; death: n = 7). Results: Plasma levels of six quantified oxylipins decreased with the number of diseased arteries; a panel of five oxylipins diagnosed three diseased arteries with 100% sensitivity and 70% specificity. Concentrations of five oxylipins were lower and one oxylipin was higher with survival; a panel of two oxylipins predicted survival during follow-up with 86% sensitivity and 91% specificity. Conclusions: Quantification of plasma oxylipins may assist in CAD diagnosis and prognosis in combination with standard risk assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Elizabeth Le
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Manuel García-Jaramillo
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Armando Alcazar Magana
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Ashish Vaswani
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jessica Minnier
- Department of Biostatistics and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Donald B Jump
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Diana Rinkevich
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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14
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Chen Z, Chen L, Sun B, Liu D, He Y, Qi L, Li G, Han Z, Zhan L, Zhang S, Zhu K, Luo Y, Chen L, Zhang N, Guo H. LDLR inhibition promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and metastasis by elevating intracellular cholesterol synthesis through the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101230. [PMID: 33823318 PMCID: PMC8102998 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Adaptive rewiring of cancer energy metabolism has received increasing attention. By binding with LDLs, LDLRs make most of the circulating cholesterol available for cells to utilize. However, it remains unclear how LDLR works in HCC development by affecting cholesterol metabolism. Methods Database analyses and immunohistochemical staining were used to identify the clinical significance of LDLR in HCC. A transcriptome analysis was used to reveal the mechanism of LDLR aberration in HCC progression. A liver orthotopic transplantation model was used to evaluate the role of LDLR in HCC progression in vivo. Results Downregulation of LDLR was identified as a negative prognostic factor in human HCC. Reduced expression of LDLR in HCC cell lines impaired LDL uptake but promoted proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, increasing intracellular de novo cholesterol biosynthesis was the chief contributor to malignant behaviors caused by LDLR inhibition, which could be rescued by simvastatin. Activation of the MEK/ERK pathway by LDLR downregulation partially contributed to intracellular cholesterol synthesis in HCC. Conclusions Downregulation of LDLR may elevate intracellular cholesterol synthesis to accelerate proliferation and motility through a mechanism partially attributed to stimulation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Repression of intracellular cholesterol synthesis with statins may constitute a targetable liability in the context of lower LDLR expression in HCC. Downregulation of LDLR is identified as a negative prognostic factor in human HCC. LDLR inhibition facilitates the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells. Increased cholesterol synthesis chiefly contributes to the malignant behaviors caused by LDLR reduction. Blockade of cholesterol synthesis by simvastatin attenuates HCC progression under lower LDLR. Activation of the MEK/ERK pathway by LDLR downregulation promotes cholesterol synthesis in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Chen
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Liver Cancer Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Bo Sun
- The Second Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Dongming Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Liver Cancer Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yuchao He
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lisha Qi
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Guangtao Li
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Linlin Zhan
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Keyun Zhu
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China; Translational Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
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15
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Liakh I, Sledzinski T, Kaska L, Mozolewska P, Mika A. Sample Preparation Methods for Lipidomics Approaches Used in Studies of Obesity. Molecules 2020; 25:E5307. [PMID: 33203044 PMCID: PMC7696154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with alterations in the composition and amounts of lipids. Lipids have over 1.7 million representatives. Most lipid groups differ in composition, properties and chemical structure. These small molecules control various metabolic pathways, determine the metabolism of other compounds and are substrates for the syntheses of different derivatives. Recently, lipidomics has become an important branch of medical/clinical sciences similar to proteomics and genomics. Due to the much higher lipid accumulation in obese patients and many alterations in the compositions of various groups of lipids, the methods used for sample preparations for lipidomic studies of samples from obese subjects sometimes have to be modified. Appropriate sample preparation methods allow for the identification of a wide range of analytes by advanced analytical methods, including mass spectrometry. This is especially the case in studies with obese subjects, as the amounts of some lipids are much higher, others are present in trace amounts, and obese subjects have some specific alterations of the lipid profile. As a result, it is best to use a method previously tested on samples from obese subjects. However, most of these methods can be also used in healthy, nonobese subjects or patients with other dyslipidemias. This review is an overview of sample preparation methods for analysis as one of the major critical steps in the overall analytical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Liakh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.); (P.M.)
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Lukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Paulina Mozolewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.); (P.M.)
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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16
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Boyce GR, Shoeb M, Kodali V, Meighan TG, Roach KA, McKinney W, Stone S, Powell MJ, Roberts JR, Zeidler-Erdely PC, Erdely A, Antonini JM. Welding fume inhalation exposure and high-fat diet change lipid homeostasis in rat liver. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1350-1355. [PMID: 33102138 PMCID: PMC7569188 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that greater than 1 million workers are exposed to welding fume (WF) by inhalation daily. The potentially toxic metals found in WF are known to cause multiple adverse pulmonary and systemic effects, including cardiovascular disease, and these metals have also been shown to translocate to the liver. This occupational exposure combined with a high fat (HF) Western diet, which has been shown to cause hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has the potential to cause significant mixed exposure metabolic changes in the liver. The goal of this study was to use matrix assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) to analyze the spatial distribution and abundance changes of lipid species in Sprague Dawley rat liver maintained on a HF diet combined with WF inhalation. The results of the MALDI-IMS analysis revealed unique hepatic lipid profiles for each treatment group. The HF diet group had significantly increased abundance of triglycerides and phosphatidylinositol lipids, as well as decreased lysophosphatidic lipids and cardiolipin. Ceramide-1-phosphate was found at higher abundance in the regular (REG) diet WF-exposed group which has been shown to regulate the eicosanoid pathway involved in pro-inflammatory response. The results of this study showed that the combined effects of WF inhalation and a HF diet significantly altered the hepatic lipidome. Additionally, pulmonary exposure to WF alone increased lipid markers of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg R. Boyce
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mohammad Shoeb
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Vamsi Kodali
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Terence G. Meighan
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Katherine A. Roach
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Walter McKinney
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Samuel Stone
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Jenny R. Roberts
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Aaron Erdely
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - James M. Antonini
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
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17
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B. Gowda SG, Gowda D, Liang C, Li Y, Kawakami K, Fukiya S, Yokota A, Chiba H, Hui SP. Chemical Labeling Assisted Detection and Identification of Short Chain Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acid in Rat Colon and Cecum Contents. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10100398. [PMID: 33050007 PMCID: PMC7600112 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are novel endogenous lipids with important physiological functions in mammals. We previously identified a new type of FAHFAs, named short-chain fatty acid esterified hydroxy fatty acids (SFAHFAs), with acetyl or propyl esters of hydroxy fatty acids of carbon chains, C ≥ 20. However, sensitive determination of SFAHFAs is still a challenge, due to their high structural similarity and low abundance in biological samples. This study employs one-step chemical derivatization following total lipid extraction using 2-dimethylaminoethylamine (DMED) for enhanced detection of SFAHFAs. The labeled extracts were subjected to ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to linear ion trap quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap MS). Our results demonstrated that the detection sensitivities of SFAHFAs increased after DMED labeling, and is highly helpful in discovering six additional novel SFAHFAs in the cecum and colon contents of WKAH/HKmSlc rats fed with normal and high-fat diet (HFD). The identified DMED labeled SFAHFAs were characterized by their detailed MS/MS analysis, and their plausible fragmentation patterns were proposed. The concentrations of SFAHFAs were significantly reduced in the cecum of HFD group compared to the control. Hence, the proposed method could be a promising tool to apply for the enhanced detection of SFAHFAs in various biological matrices, which in turn facilitate the understanding of their sources, and physiological functions of these novel lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (S.G.B.G.); (D.G.)
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan
| | - Divyavani Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (S.G.B.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Chongsheng Liang
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (C.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yonghan Li
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (C.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kentaro Kawakami
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan; (K.K.); (S.F.); (A.Y.)
| | - Satoru Fukiya
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan; (K.K.); (S.F.); (A.Y.)
| | - Atsushi Yokota
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan; (K.K.); (S.F.); (A.Y.)
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Nakanuma Nishi-4-3-1-15, Higashi-Ku, Sapporo 007-0894, Japan;
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (S.G.B.G.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +8111-706-3692
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18
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Ghazali R, Mehta KJ, Bligh SWA, Tewfik I, Clemens D, Patel VB. High omega arachidonic acid/docosahexaenoic acid ratio induces mitochondrial dysfunction and altered lipid metabolism in human hepatoma cells. World J Hepatol 2020; 12:84-98. [PMID: 32231762 PMCID: PMC7097500 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i3.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of liver disease worldwide and is a growing epidemic. A high ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids in the diet has been implicated in the development of NAFLD. However, the inflicted cellular pathology remains unknown. A high ratio may promote lipogenic pathways and contribute to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated damage, perhaps leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, these parameters were investigated to understand their contribution to NAFLD development.
AIM To examine the effect of increasing ratios of omega-6:3 fatty acids on mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism mediators.
METHODS HepG2-derived VL-17A cells were treated with normal (1:1, 4:1) and high (15:1, 25:1) ratios of omega-6: omega-3 fatty acids [arachidonic acid (AA): docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] at various time points. Mitochondrial activity and function were examined via MTT assay and Seahorse XF24 analyzer, respectively. Triglyceride accumulation was determined by using EnzyChrom™ and levels of ROS were measured by fluorescence intensity. Protein expression of the mediators of lipogenic, lipolytic and endocannabinoid pathways was assessed by Western blotting.
RESULTS High AA:DHA ratio decreased mitochondrial activity (P < 0.01; up to 80%) and promoted intracellular triglyceride accumulation (P < 0.05; 40%-70%). Mechanistically, it altered the mediators of lipid metabolism; increased the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (P < 0.05; 22%-35%), decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (P < 0.05; 30%-40%) and increased the expression of cannabinoid receptor 1 (P < 0.05; 31%). Furthermore, the high ratio increased ROS production (P < 0.01; 74%-115%) and reduced mitochondrial respiratory functions such as basal and maximal respiration, ATP production, spare respiratory capacity and proton leak (P < 0.01; 35%-68%).
CONCLUSION High AA:DHA ratio induced triglyceride accumulation, increased oxidative stress and disrupted mitochondrial functions. Stimulation of lipogenic and steroidal transcription factors may partly mediate these effects and contribute to NAFLD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Ghazali
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, United Kingdom
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kosha J Mehta
- Centre for Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - SW Annie Bligh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, United Kingdom
- Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ihab Tewfik
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, United Kingdom
| | - Dahn Clemens
- Nebraska and Western Iowa Veterans Administration Medical Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Vinood B Patel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, United Kingdom
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