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Cacciola NA, Venneri T, Salzano A, D'Onofrio N, Martano M, Saggese A, Vinale F, Neglia G, Campanile C, Baccigalupi L, Maiolino P, Cuozzo M, Russo R, Balestrieri ML, D'Occhio MJ, Ricca E, Borrelli F, Campanile G. Chemopreventive effect of a milk whey by-product derived from Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in protecting from colorectal carcinogenesis. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:245. [PMID: 37730576 PMCID: PMC10510155 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies show that natural foods are a source of compounds with anticancer properties that affect the gut microbiota and its metabolites. In the present study, we investigate the effect of a delactosed buffalo milk whey by-product (DMW) on colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS The effect of DMW on colorectal carcinoma (CRC) was investigated in the established mouse model of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinoma, which closely resembles the human clinical condition of CRC. The effect of DMW on CRC immortalized cell lines was also evaluated to further identify the antineoplastic mechanism of action. RESULTS Pretreatment of AOM-treated mice with DMW significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the percentage of mice bearing both aberrant crypt foci with more than four crypts (which are early precancerous lesions that progress to CRC) and tumors. In addition, DMW completely counteracted the effect of AOM on protein expression of caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase in colonic tissue. Administration of DMW alone (i.e. without AOM) resulted in changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, leading to enrichment or depletion of genera associated with health and disease, respectively. DMW was also able to restore AOM-induced changes in specific genera of the gut microbiota. Specifically, DMW reduced the genera Atopobiaceae, Ruminococcus 1 and Lachnospiraceae XPB1014 and increased the genera Parabacteroides and Candidatus Saccharimonas, which were increased and reduced, respectively, by AOM. Blood levels of butyric acid and cancer diagnostic markers (5-methylcytidine and glycerophosphocholine), which were increased by AOM treatment, were reduced by DMW. Furthermore, DMW exerted cytotoxic effects on two human CRC cell lines (HCT116 and HT29) and these effects were associated with the induction of apoptotic signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that DMW exerts chemopreventive effects and restores the gut microbiota in AOM-induced CRC, and induces cytotoxic effect on CRC cells. DMW could be an important dietary supplement to support a healthy gut microbiota and reduce the prevalence of CRC in humans. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Antonio Cacciola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino, 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Tommaso Venneri
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Angela Salzano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino, 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Manuela Martano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino, 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Anella Saggese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via V. Cupa Cintia, 21, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Francesco Vinale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino, 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Gianluca Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino, 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Ciro Campanile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR-IGB), Via P. Castellino 111, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Loredana Baccigalupi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino, 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Cuozzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Roberto Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Michael John D'Occhio
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Ezio Ricca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via V. Cupa Cintia, 21, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Francesca Borrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, Naples, 80131, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino, 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
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Xie C, Li J, Fang Y, Ma R, Dang Z, Yang F. Proanthocyanins and anthocyanins in chestnut (Castanea mollissima) shell extracts: biotransformation in the simulated gastrointestinal model and interaction with gut microbiota in vitro. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3659-3673. [PMID: 36754602 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chestnut (Castanea mollissima) shell is rich in flavonoids and our previous studies showed that proanthocyanins and anthocyanins were the two markedly varied flavonoids in chestnut shell extracts (CSE) during digestion. Here, the biotransformation of proanthocyanins and anthocyanins in a simulated gastrointestinal model, and the interactions between non-absorption CSE (NACSE) and gut microbiota in vitro, were investigated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Chestnut shell was richer in proanthocyanins and anthocyanins, while the loss of proanthocyanins was greater after digestion. Additionally, the content of anthocyanin decreased after gastric digestion but increased after intestinal digestion and remained stable after fermentation. After fermentation, delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside and pelargonidin-3-O-galactoside were newly formed. Furthermore, microbiome profiling indicated that NACSE promoted the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, while inhibiting pathogenic bacteria. CONCLUSION All these data suggest that CSE may be a promising candidate to protect gut health. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Xie
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yihe Fang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Renyi Ma
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiong Dang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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Marrazzo P, Mandrone M, Chiocchio I, Zambonin L, Barbalace MC, Zalambani C, Angeloni C, Malaguti M, Prata C, Poli F, Fiorentini D, Hrelia S. By-Product Extracts from Castanea sativa Counteract Hallmarks of Neuroinflammation in a Microglial Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040808. [PMID: 37107183 PMCID: PMC10135167 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Castanea sativa is very common in Italy, and the large amount of waste material generated during chestnut processing has a high environmental impact. Several studies demonstrated that chestnut by-products are a good source of bioactive compounds, mainly endowed with antioxidant properties. This study further investigates the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of chestnut leaf and spiny bur extracts, together with the deepest phytochemical characterisation (by NMR and MS) of active biomolecules contained in leaf extracts, which resulted in being more effective than spiny bur ones. BV-2 microglial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used as a model of neuroinflammation. In BV-2 cells pre-treated with chestnut extracts, LPS signalling is partially blocked via the reduced expression of TLR4 and CD14 as well as the expression of LPS-induced inflammatory markers. Leaf extract fractions revealed the presence of specific flavonoids, such as isorhamnetin glucoside, astragalin, myricitrin, kaempferol 3-rhamnosyl (1-6)(2″-trans-p-coumaroyl)hexoside, tiliroside and unsaturated fatty acids, all of which could be responsible for the observed anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Interestingly, the kaempferol derivative has been identified in chestnut for the first time. In conclusion, the exploitation of chestnut by-products is suitable for the achievement of two goals: satisfaction of consumers’ demand for new, natural bio-active compounds and valorisation of by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Chiocchio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Zambonin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Barbalace
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Chiara Zalambani
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Cristina Angeloni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana Fiorentini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
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4
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Yang F, Wei D, Li J, Xie C. Chestnut shell represents a rich source of polyphenols: preparation methods, antioxidant activity and composition analysis of extractable and non-extractable polyphenols. Eur Food Res Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-023-04212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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5
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Ferrara E, Pecoraro MT, Cice D, Piccolella S, Formato M, Esposito A, Petriccione M, Pacifico S. A Joint Approach of Morphological and UHPLC-HRMS Analyses to Throw Light on the Autochthonous 'Verdole' Chestnut for Nutraceutical Innovation of Its Waste. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248924. [PMID: 36558057 PMCID: PMC9785621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, chestnut by-products are gaining a lot of interest as a low-cost raw material, exploitable for developing added-value products. This is in line with suitable chestnut by-products' management, aimed at reducing the environmental impact, thus improving the chestnut industry's competitiveness and economic sustainability. In this context, with the aim of valorizing local cultivars of European chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.), our attention focused on the Verdole cultivar, which has been characterized by using the UPOV guidelines for its distinctness, homogeneity, and stability. After harvesting, Verdole chestnuts were properly dissected to collect the outer and inner shells, and episperm. Each chestnut part, previously crushed, shredded, and passed through diverse sieves, underwent ultrasound-assisted extraction. The extracts obtained were evaluated for their total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content. The antiradical capacity by DPPH and ABTS assays, and the Fe(III) reducing power, were also evaluated. Although all the samples showed dose-dependent antioxidant efficacy, plant matrix size strongly impacted on extraction efficiency. LC-HRMS-based metabolic profiling highlighted the occurrence of different polyphenol subclasses, whose quantitative ratio varied among the chestnut parts investigated. The outer shell was more chemically rich than inner shell and episperm, according to its pronounced antioxidant activity. The polyphenol diversity of Verdole by-products is a resource not intended for disposal, appliable in the nutraceutical sector, thus realizing a new scenario in processing chestnut waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Ferrara
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- CREA-Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via Torrino 3, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Tommasina Pecoraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- CREA-Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via Torrino 3, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Danilo Cice
- CREA-Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via Torrino 3, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Simona Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Formato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Assunta Esposito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Milena Petriccione
- CREA-Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via Torrino 3, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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6
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Sustainable functionalization for cotton fabrics by printing with a mixture of chestnut shell extract and alginate. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Yu JM, Nam M, Kim MS. Metabolite Profiling of Chestnut (Castanea crenata) According to Origin and Harvest Time Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091325. [PMID: 35564048 PMCID: PMC9099845 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chestnuts are an important food crop commonly used as a food ingredient due to their nutritional properties and potential health benefits. In Korea, chestnuts have been crossbred to develop cultivars with insect resistance and high productivity, producing multiple chestnut varieties. This study classified 17 Castanea crenata cultivars produced in Korea according to origin and harvest time and determined the metabolites in chestnut kernels using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The 17 C. crenata cultivars were divided into four groups based on their geographic origin: Korean native, Korean hybrid, Japanese native, and Japanese hybrid. The cultivars were also divided into three groups depending on their harvest period: early-ripening cultivar, mid-ripening cultivar, and late-ripening cultivar. The partial least squares-discriminant analysis score plot revealed differences among the groups. Identified metabolites, including amino acids, organic acids, and sugars, contributed to discriminating the origin and harvest time of the C. crenata chestnut kernels. Significant differences were observed, mainly in amino acids, which suggests that the composition of amino acids is one factor influenced by both the origin and harvest time of C. crenata. These results are useful to both growers and breeders because they identify the nutritional and metabolic characteristics of each C. crenata cultivar.
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Attri S, Kaur P, Singh D, Kaur H, Rashid F, Kumar A, Singh B, Bedi N, Arora S. Induction of apoptosis in A431 cells via ROS generation and p53-mediated pathway by chloroform fraction of Argemone mexicana (Pepaveraceae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:17189-17208. [PMID: 34664164 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Argemone mexicana(Pepaveraceae) is an important medicinal plant commonly known as 'maxican prickly poppy' and is traditionally used to treat skin diseases. In the present study, the extract/fractions of aerial parts of A. mexicana after carrying out the organoleptic characteristics were sequentially extracted with the solvents of increasing polarities. Total fractions were examined for their radical scavenging activities in DPPH and DNA nicking assays. Among all, maximum antioxidant activity was shown by chloroform fraction (AmC) in DPPH assay with IC50 of 26.12 μg/ml, and DNA nicking assay showed 80.91% protective potential. The AmC fraction was analyzed for its antibacterial, cytotoxic potential, cell cycle analysis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using A431 cell line. The AmC fraction exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against bacterial strains in the order Klebsiella pneumoniae> Bacillussubtilis> Salmonella typhi> Staphylococcus epidermidis. The cytotoxic potential of the AmC fraction was analyzed in skin epidermoid carcinoma (A431) cells, osteosarcoma (MG-63) and cervical (HeLa) cell lines with a GI50 value of 47.04 μg/ml, 91.46 μg/ml and 102.90 μg/ml, respectively. The AmC fraction was extended further to explore its role in cell death using A431 cell line. Phase contrast and scanning electron microscopic studies on A431 cells exhibited all the characteristics indicative of apoptosis, viz., viability loss, cell shrinkage, cell rounding-off, DNA fragmentation and formation of apoptotic bodies. Flow cytometric analysis revealed enhanced ROS level, decreased MMP and arrest cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase further strengthened cell death by apoptosis. Increased expressions of apoptotic markers (p53, PUMA, cyt c, Fas and Apaf-1) were confirmed by RT-qPCR analysis. Furthermore, the AmC fraction was subjected to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, which revealed the presence of different polyphenols in the order: caffeic acid> epicatechin> kaempferol> chlorogenic acid> gallic acid> catechin> ellagic acid >umbeliferone> quercetin> coumaric acid. A critical analysis of results revealed that the AmC fraction induced cell death in epidermoid carcinoma cells via ROS and p53-mediated apoptotic pathway which may be ascribed to the presence of polyphenols in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Attri
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Davinder Singh
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Harneetpal Kaur
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Farhana Rashid
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Balbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, 143005, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Neena Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, 143005, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
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9
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Montone CM, Aita SE, Arnoldi A, Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, Cerrato A, Lammi C, Piovesana S, Ranaldi G, Laganà A. Characterization of the Trans-Epithelial Transport of Green Tea ( C. sinensis) Catechin Extracts with In Vitro Inhibitory Effect against the SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216744. [PMID: 34771162 PMCID: PMC8587865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes an untargeted analytical approach for the screening, identification, and characterization of the trans-epithelial transport of green tea (Camellia sinensis) catechin extracts with in vitro inhibitory effect against the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) activity. After specific catechin extraction, a chromatographic separation obtained six fractions were carried out. The fractions were assessed in vitro against the PLpro target. Fraction 5 showed the highest inhibitory activity against the SARS-CoV-2 PLpro (IC50 of 0.125 μg mL-1). The untargeted characterization revealed that (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) was the most abundant compound in the fraction and the primary molecule absorbed by differentiated Caco-2 cells. Results indicated that fraction 5 was approximately 10 times more active than ECG (IC50 value equal to 11.62 ± 0.47 μg mL-1) to inhibit the PLpro target. Overall, our findings highlight the synergistic effects of the various components of the crude extract compared to isolated ECG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Maria Montone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.M.M.); (S.E.A.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Sara Elsa Aita
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.M.M.); (S.E.A.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano La Statale, Via Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.M.M.); (S.E.A.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.C.); (C.L.); Tel.: +39-06-4991-3945 (A.L.C.); +39-02503-19372 (C.L.)
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.M.M.); (S.E.A.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Andrea Cerrato
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.M.M.); (S.E.A.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano La Statale, Via Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.L.C.); (C.L.); Tel.: +39-06-4991-3945 (A.L.C.); +39-02503-19372 (C.L.)
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.M.M.); (S.E.A.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Giulia Ranaldi
- CREA, Food and Nutrition Research Centre, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.M.M.); (S.E.A.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (A.L.)
- CNR NANOTEC, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Suna S, Avşar B, Koçer S, Çopur ÖU. Effects of different pretreatments on the physicochemical characteristics and quality criteria of chestnut (
Castanea sativa
Mill.) pickle: A new value‐added product. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Senem Suna
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Bursa Uludag University Bursa Turkey
| | - Betül Avşar
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Bursa Uludag University Bursa Turkey
| | - Serhat Koçer
- Central Research Institute of Food and Feed Control Bursa Turkey
| | - Ömer Utku Çopur
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Bursa Uludag University Bursa Turkey
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Bevacqua E, Curcio M, Saletta F, Vittorio O, Cirillo G, Tucci P. Dextran-Curcumin Nanosystems Inhibit Cell Growth and Migration Regulating the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Prostate Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7013. [PMID: 34209825 PMCID: PMC8269310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional nanocarriers which are able to simultaneously vectorize drugs to the site of interest and exert their own cytotoxic activity represent a significant breakthrough in the search for effective anticancer strategies with fewer side effects than conventional chemotherapeutics. Here, we propose previously developed, self-assembling dextran-curcumin nanoparticles for the treatment of prostate cancer in combination therapy with Doxorubicin (DOXO). Biological effectiveness was investigated by evaluating the cell viability in either cancer and normal cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptotic effect, interference with the cell cycle, and the ability to inhibit cell migration and reverse the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The results proved a significant enhancement of curcumin efficiency upon immobilization in nanoparticles: IC50 reduced by a half, induction of apoptotic effect, and improved ROS production (from 67 to 134%) at low concentrations. Nanoparticles guaranteed a pH-dependent DOXO release, with a more efficient release in acidic environments. Finally, a synergistic effect between nanoparticles and Doxorubicin was demonstrated, with the free curcumin showing additive activity. Although in vivo studies are required to support the findings of this study, these preliminary in vitro data can be considered a proof of principle for the design of an effective therapy for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Bevacqua
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (E.B.); (M.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Manuela Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (E.B.); (M.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Federica Saletta
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; (F.S.); (O.V.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; (F.S.); (O.V.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (E.B.); (M.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Paola Tucci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (E.B.); (M.C.); (G.C.)
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12
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Tu F, Xie C, Li H, Lei S, Li J, Huang X, Yang F. Effect of in vitro digestion on chestnut outer-skin and inner-skin bioaccessibility: The relationship between biotransformation and antioxidant activity of polyphenols by metabolomics. Food Chem 2021; 363:130277. [PMID: 34303061 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chestnut skin is rich in polyphenols that have been linked to health for their antioxidant activity. However, chestnut outer-skin extract (COE), chestnut inner-skin extract (CIE), and their digested products have different compositions of polyphenols, and therefore their antioxidant activities might differ as well. Here, we study the effect of in vitro digestion on their total phenol content, antioxidant capacity, and individual phenolic profile to clarify the relationship between biotransformation and antioxidant activity. Compared to undigested samples, total phenol content and antioxidant activity of digested chestnut outer-skin extract (DCOE) and digested chestnut inner-skin extract (DCIE) had significantly higher values. The changes of phenolic composition and antioxidant activity after digestion were mainly due to the anthocyanin biosynthesis involving glycosylation, acylation, methoxylation and their reverse processes. All these data suggest that as chestnut processing by-products, COE and CIE are raw material sources of antioxidant-rich active substances and need more sufficient utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Tu
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Chenyang Xie
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Haonan Li
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Sichao Lei
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Xuewei Huang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
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13
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Andean Blueberry of the Genus Disterigma: A High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Approach for the Comprehensive Characterization of Phenolic Compounds. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8050058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild neotropical blueberries, endemic of Central and South American areas, are promising yet still undisclosed sources of bioactive compounds. Most research studies have addressed wild and cultivated blueberries from Europe and North America, despite the extremely wide variety of wild neotropical species. In the present paper, for the first time, the phenolic composition of Disterigma alaternoides was investigated through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass-spectrometric analysis followed by accurate data analysis and compound validation with a dedicated structure-based workflow. D. alaternoides, which belongs to a closely related genus to that of the common blueberry, grows exclusively in the Andean regions over 2000 above sea level. Thanks to the dedicated analytical platform, 249 phenolic compounds were tentatively identified, including several anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and proanthocyanidins. Thenature and heterogeneity of identified phenolic compounds demonstrate once more the need for a more profound knowledge of such still uncharted matrices.
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Pinto G, De Pascale S, Aponte M, Scaloni A, Addeo F, Caira S. Polyphenol Profiling of Chestnut Pericarp, Integument and Curing Water Extracts to Qualify These Food By-Products as a Source of Antioxidants. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082335. [PMID: 33920529 PMCID: PMC8073822 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant polyphenols have beneficial antioxidant effects on human health; practices aimed at preserving their content in foods and/or reusing food by-products are encouraged. The impact of the traditional practice of the water curing procedure of chestnuts, which prevents insect/mould damage during storage, was studied to assess the release of polyphenols from the fruit. Metabolites extracted from pericarp and integument tissues or released in the medium from the water curing process were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and electrospray-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (ESI-qTOF-MS). This identified: (i) condensed and hydrolyzable tannins made of (epi)catechin (procyanidins) and acid ellagic units in pericarp tissues; (ii) polyphenols made of gallocatechin and catechin units condensed with gallate (prodelphinidins) in integument counterparts; (iii) metabolites resembling those reported above in the wastewater from the chestnut curing process. Comparative experiments were also performed on aqueous media recovered from fruits treated with processes involving: (i) tap water; (ii) tap water containing an antifungal Lb. pentosus strain; (iii) wastewater from a previous curing treatment. These analyses indicated that the former treatment determines a 6–7-fold higher release of polyphenols in the curing water with respect to the other ones. This event has a negative impact on the luster of treated fruits but qualifies the corresponding wastes as a source of antioxidants. Such a phenomenon does not occur in wastewater from the other curing processes, where the release of polyphenols was reduced, thus preserving the chestnut’s appearance. Polyphenol profiling measurements demonstrated that bacterial presence in water hampered the release of pericarp metabolites. This study provides a rationale to traditional processing practices on fruit appearance and qualifies the corresponding wastes as a source of bioactive compounds for other nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Pinto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Sabrina De Pascale
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy; (S.D.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Maria Aponte
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, via Università 100, Parco Gussone, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy; (S.D.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Francesco Addeo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, via Università 100, Parco Gussone, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Simonetta Caira
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy; (S.D.P.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Bianco F, Şenol H, Papirio S. Enhanced lignocellulosic component removal and biomethane potential from chestnut shell by a combined hydrothermal-alkaline pretreatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:144178. [PMID: 33360342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes new perspectives for the management and biorefinery of wastes deriving from the agri-food sector such as chestnut shell (CS), which was here used as an organic feedstock for biomethane production through anaerobic digestion (AD). 1-5% alkaline (i.e. NaOH and KOH), hydrothermal (i.e. at 100 °C) and combined hydrothermal-alkaline pretreatments were employed to enhance the CS biodegradability prior to biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests conducted under mesophilic conditions. The hydrothermally-pretreated CS with 3% NaOH achieved the highest biomethane yield of 253 (±9) mL CH4·g VS-1 coupled to a volatile solid reduction of 48%. The hydrothermal-alkaline pretreatment positively affected both delignification and hemicellulose polymerization, promoting an approximately 2.4-fold higher substrate biodegradability compared to the untreated CS, which only reached a CH4 production of 104 (±5) mL CH4·g VS-1. AD proceeded via volatile fatty acid accumulation, subsequently followed by methane production that was effectively simulated via the modified Gompertz kinetic having a R2 of 0.974-0.999. Among the physical-chemical parameters characterizing the CS, the soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) was highly correlated with the BMP showing a Pearson coefficient of 0.952. The cumulative biomethane yield, the sCOD and the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin amount of CS were also processed through the least square method, obtaining a useful regression equation to predict the BMP. The economic assessment indicated that the hydrothermal-alkaline pretreatment is a cost-effective method to improve the BMP of CS, also for future full-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bianco
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy.
| | - Halil Şenol
- Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Giresun University, 28000, Turkey
| | - Stefano Papirio
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
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Hu M, Yang X, Chang X. Bioactive phenolic components and potential health effects of chestnut shell: A review. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13696. [PMID: 33751612 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chestnut kernels are often used for direct consumption; or processed to produce marron glacé, chestnut purée, and gluten-free products, while chestnut by-products (inner shell and outer shell) are treated as waste residues. Many in vivo and in vitro studies have proved how chestnut shell extract functions as an antioxidant and exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity activities. This review introduces the main components of phenolic compounds in chestnut shells, traditional and modern extraction methods, and reported potential health effects. The aim is to have a better understanding of the functional active ingredients in chestnut shells and their value-added uses, to increase understanding of future applications of this agricultural and sideline product in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In recent years, chestnut shells have become a hot research topic because of their rich bioactive ingredients. Due to the large amount of phenolic compounds in chestnut shells and their potential health functions (antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and treatment of obesity), extracts of chestnut shells have high biological value in the treatment of diseases. Therefore, this review introduces the main components of phenolic compounds in chestnut shells, traditional and modern extraction methods, and the potential health effects of these compounds. The aim of this review is to better understand the functional, active ingredients in chestnut shells and their value-added uses, and to increase understanding of future applications of this agricultural and sideline product in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyi Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao City, China
| | - Xiaokuan Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao City, China
| | - Xuedong Chang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao City, China
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