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Feng Y, Ren Y, Zhang X, Yang S, Jiao Q, Li Q, Jiang W. Metabolites of traditional Chinese medicine targeting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway for hypoglycemic effect in type 2 diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1373711. [PMID: 38799166 PMCID: PMC11116707 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1373711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance, with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to the tightly intertwined connection between the insulin resistance pathway and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and its associated targets is essential for hypoglycemia and the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In recent years, metabolites isolated from traditional Chinese medicine has received more attention and acceptance for its superior bioactivity, high safety, and fewer side effects. Meanwhile, numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed that the metabolites present in traditional Chinese medicine possess better bioactivities in regulating the balance of glucose metabolism, ameliorating insulin resistance, and preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In this article, we reviewed the literature related to the metabolites of traditional Chinese medicine improving IR and possessing therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus by targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, focusing on the hypoglycemic mechanism of the metabolites of traditional Chinese medicine in type 2 diabetes mellitus and elaborating on the significant role of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In order to provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenwen Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Yuan L, Zhao J, Liu Y, Zhao J, Olnood CG, Xu YJ, Liu Y. Multiomics analysis revealed the mechanism of the anti-diabetic effect of Salecan. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121694. [PMID: 38171651 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Salecan, a natural β-glucan compromising nine residues connected by β-(1 → 3)/α-(1 → 3) glycosidic bonds, is one of the newly approved food ingredients. Salecan has multiple health-improving effects, yet its mechanism against Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains poorly understood. In this study, the hypoglycemic effect and underlying mechanism of Salecan intervention on STZ-induced diabetic model mice were investigated. After 8 weeks of gavage, Salecan attenuated insulin resistance and repaired pancreatic β cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, Salecan supplement remodel the structure of the gut microbiota and altered the level of intestinal metabolites. Serum metabolites, especially unsaturated fatty acids, were also affected significantly. In addition, tight junction proteins in the colon and autophagy-related proteins in the pancreas were upregulated. Multiomics analysis indicated that Lactobacillus johnsonii, Muribaculaceae, and Lachnoclostridium were highly associated with fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA) levels in the colon, accordingly enhancing arachidonic acid and linoleic acid in serum, and promoting GLP-1 release in the intestine and insulin secretion in the pancreas, thus relieving insulin resistance and exhibiting hypoglycemic effects. These findings provide a novel understanding of the anti-diabetic effect of Salecan in mice from a molecular perspective, paving the way for the wide use of Salecan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Sichuan Synlight Biotech Ltd, 88 Keyuan South Road, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jialiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Guang Olnood
- Sichuan Synlight Biotech Ltd, 88 Keyuan South Road, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Dong H, Sun Y, Nie L, Cui A, Zhao P, Leung WK, Wang Q. Metabolic memory: mechanisms and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:38. [PMID: 38413567 PMCID: PMC10899265 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases and their complications impose health and economic burdens worldwide. Evidence from past experimental studies and clinical trials suggests our body may have the ability to remember the past metabolic environment, such as hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia, thus leading to chronic inflammatory disorders and other diseases even after the elimination of these metabolic environments. The long-term effects of that aberrant metabolism on the body have been summarized as metabolic memory and are found to assume a crucial role in states of health and disease. Multiple molecular mechanisms collectively participate in metabolic memory management, resulting in different cellular alterations as well as tissue and organ dysfunctions, culminating in disease progression and even affecting offspring. The elucidation and expansion of the concept of metabolic memory provides more comprehensive insight into pathogenic mechanisms underlying metabolic diseases and complications and promises to be a new target in disease detection and management. Here, we retrace the history of relevant research on metabolic memory and summarize its salient characteristics. We provide a detailed discussion of the mechanisms by which metabolic memory may be involved in disease development at molecular, cellular, and organ levels, with emphasis on the impact of epigenetic modulations. Finally, we present some of the pivotal findings arguing in favor of targeting metabolic memory to develop therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and provide the latest reflections on the consequences of metabolic memory as well as their implications for human health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuezhang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lulingxiao Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aimin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry Division, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry Division, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Kondo S, Adachi SI, Komatsu W, Yoshizawa F, Yagasaki K. Antidiabetic Effect of Urolithin A in Cultured L6 Myotubes and Type 2 Diabetic Model KK-A y/Ta Mice with Glucose Intolerance. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1078-1090. [PMID: 38392186 PMCID: PMC10887565 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is caused by abnormal glucose metabolism, and muscle, the largest tissue in the human body, is largely involved. Urolithin A (UroA) is a major intestinal and microbial metabolite of ellagic acid and ellagitannins and is found in fruits such as strawberry and pomegranate. In this present study, we investigated the antidiabetic effects of UroA in L6 myotubes and in KK-Ay/Ta, a mouse model of type 2 diabetes (T2D). UroA treatment elevated the glucose uptake (GU) of L6 myotubes in the absence of insulin. This elevation in GU by UroA treatment was partially inhibited by the concurrent addition of LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) which activates Akt (PKB: protein kinase B) or Compound C, an inhibitor of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Moreover, UroA was found to activate both pathways of Akt and AMPK, and then to promote translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from the cytosol to the plasma membrane in L6 myotubes. Based on these in vitro findings, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed after the oral administration of UroA for 3 weeks to KK-Ay/Ta mice with glucose intolerance. UroA was demonstrated to alleviate glucose intolerance. These results suggest that UroA is a biofactor with antihyperglycemic effects in the T2D state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kondo
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Wataru Komatsu
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Yoshizawa
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Tochigi, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Yagasaki
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Tochigi, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
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Haouam C, Boudiba S, Tamfu AN, Kucukaydin S, Hanini K, Zohra HF, Hioun S, Botezatu AD, Ceylan Ö, Boudiba L, Duru ME, Dinica RM. Assessment of Chemical Composition and In Vitro Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Anticholinesterase and Microbial Virulence-Quenching Effects of Salad Burnet ( Sanguisorba minor L.) Harvested from Algeria. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4134. [PMID: 38140461 PMCID: PMC10748046 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Sanguisorba minor is a medicinal vegetable used in seasoning desserts, juices, and beverages. An evaluation of the total flavonoid, phenolic, tannin and anthocyanin contents indicated that these classes of compounds are distributed variably in the different fractions. In summary, the HPLC-DAD analyses enabled the identification and quantification of thirteen phenolic compounds in an ethyl acetate extract (EAE), nine in a dichloromethane extract (DCME), seven in an aqueous extract (AQE) and four in a butanol extract (BE). Rutin was the most abundant phenolic compound in the BE (278.4 ± 1.20 µg/g) and AQE (32.87 ± 0.23 µg/g) fractions, while apigenin was the most abundant in the DCME (84.75 ± 0.60 µg/g) and EAE (156.8 ± 0.95 µg/g) fractions. The presence of phenolic compounds in the fractions conferred good antioxidant capacity, especially the EAE and DCME fractions, which both exhibited higher antioxidant effects than BHA and α-tocopherol in DPPH• and CUPRAC assays. Additionally, in the ABTS•+ assay, EAE (IC50 = 9.27 ± 0.33 µg/mL) was more active than α-tocopherol (IC50 = 35.50 ± 0.55 µg/mL), and BHA (IC50 = 12.70 ± 0.10 µg/mL). At 200 µg/mL, the fractions inhibited acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase as well as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, indicating that they can slow neurodegeneration and hyperglycemia. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.312 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL, and fractions showed good biofilm inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extracts exhibited good violacein inhibition in Chromobacterium violaceum CV12472 and Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, despite the supply of external acyl-homoserine lactone to CV026. The antioxidant, quorum-sensing, antibiofilm and enzyme inhibition attributes indicate the potential for the application of S. minor as a food preservative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahrazed Haouam
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Renewable Energies (LACRE), Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University, Constantine Road, Tebessa 12002, Algeria (H.F.Z.)
| | - Sameh Boudiba
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Renewable Energies (LACRE), Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University, Constantine Road, Tebessa 12002, Algeria (H.F.Z.)
| | - Alfred Ngenge Tamfu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
- Food Quality Control and Analysis Program, Ula Ali Kocman Vocational School, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48147, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48000, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Kucukaydin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48000, Turkey
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Koycegiz Vocational School of Health Services, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48800, Turkey
| | - Karima Hanini
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Renewable Energies (LACRE), Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University, Constantine Road, Tebessa 12002, Algeria (H.F.Z.)
| | - Haouaouchi Fatma Zohra
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Renewable Energies (LACRE), Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University, Constantine Road, Tebessa 12002, Algeria (H.F.Z.)
- Laboratory of Organic Materials and Heterochemistry (LOMH), Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University, Constantine Road, Tebessa 12002, Algeria
| | - Soraya Hioun
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences FSESNV, Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University, Constantine Road, Tebessa 12002, Algeria
| | - Andreea Dediu Botezatu
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University, 47 Domneasca Str., 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Özgür Ceylan
- Food Quality Control and Analysis Program, Ula Ali Kocman Vocational School, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48147, Turkey
| | - Louiza Boudiba
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Renewable Energies (LACRE), Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University, Constantine Road, Tebessa 12002, Algeria (H.F.Z.)
| | - Mehmet Emin Duru
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48000, Turkey
| | - Rodica Mihaela Dinica
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University, 47 Domneasca Str., 800008 Galati, Romania
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Shi R, Chen D, Ji M, Zhou B, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Li M. Network pharmacology-based screening of the active ingredients and mechanisms of Cymbaria daurica against diabetes mellitus. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Munvera AM, Alfred Ngenge T, Ouahouo BMW, Kucukaydin S, Nyemb JN, Fokam Mafo MA, Djappa Tchapo EC, Mkounga P, Nkengfack AE. Cholinesterase, α-glucosidase, tyrosinase and urease inhibitory activities of compounds from fruits of Rinorea oblongifolia C.H. Wright (Violaceae). Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:4169-4180. [PMID: 36757210 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2176491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
From Rinorea oblongifolia fruits, 3-Nor-4β-friedelan-24-ol (1) and 3-decyl-6,7,8-trimethoxy-2H,5H-furo[4,3,2-de]isochromene-2,5-dione (4), new derivatives alongside, 28-hydroxyfriedelan-3-one (2), friedelin (3), 3,3',4,4',5'-pentamethylcoruleoellagic acid (5), hexamethylcoruleoellagic acid (6), 3',4,4',5,5'-pentamethylcoruleoellagic acid (7), and fatty compounds 8-11 were isolated and characterized using HRESIMS, EIMS, 1D and 2D NMR. In vitro enzyme inhibition of compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 were evaluated on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-glucosidase, urease and tyrosinase. Against AChE and BChE, the phenolic compounds 4, 5, 6, and 7 had good activity probably due to the phenolic nature and methoxy substituents. Compounds 4, 5, 6 and 7 exhibited good α-glucosidase inhibition especially compound 4 whose IC50 = 42.45 ± 0.46 µg/mL was close that of acarbose (IC50 = 20.52 ± 0.84 µg/mL) standard drug. Urease and tyrosinase were appreciably inhibited by the compounds. Overall results of enzyme inhibitory assays indicate Rinorea oblongifolia, fruits and its constituents as potential remedy for enzymatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristide Mfifen Munvera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Tamfu Alfred Ngenge
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Koycegiz Vocational School of Health Services, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | | | - Selcuk Kucukaydin
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Koycegiz Vocational School of Health Services, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Jean Noel Nyemb
- Department of Refining and Petrochemistry, National Advanced School of Mines and Petroleum Industries, University of Maroua, Kaélé, Cameroon
| | - Marcelle Aude Fokam Mafo
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants, Ministre de la Recherche Scientifique et de l'Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Pierre Mkounga
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Zhang Y, Chu L, Zhou X, Xu T, Shen Q, Li T, Wu Y. Vitamin B12-Induced Autophagy Alleviates High Glucose-Mediated Apoptosis of Islet β Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15217. [PMID: 37894898 PMCID: PMC10607738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High glucose levels can lead to the apoptosis of islet β cells, while autophagy can provide cytoprotection and promote autophagic cell death. Vitamin B12, a water-soluble B vitamin, has been shown to regulate insulin secretion and increase insulin sensitivity. However, the precise mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the influence of vitamin B12 on high glucose-induced apoptosis and autophagy in RIN-m5F cells to elucidate how vitamin B12 modulates insulin release. Our results demonstrate that exposure to 45 mM glucose led to a significant increase in the apoptosis rate of RIN-m5F cells. The treatment with vitamin B12 reduced the apoptosis rate and increased the number of autophagosomes. Moreover, vitamin B12 increased the ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta to microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha (LC3-II/LC3-I), while decreasing the amount of sequestosome 1 (p62) and inhibiting the phosphorylation of p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) under both normal- and high-glucose conditions. The additional experiments revealed that vitamin B12 inhibited high glucose-induced apoptosis. Notably, this protective effect was attenuated when the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine was introduced. Our findings suggest that vitamin B12 protects islet β cells against apoptosis induced by high glucose levels, possibly by inducing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (T.X.); (Q.S.)
| | - Ling Chu
- Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (T.X.); (Q.S.)
| | - Xi’an Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (T.X.); (Q.S.)
| | - Tingxia Xu
- Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (T.X.); (Q.S.)
| | - Qingwu Shen
- Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (T.X.); (Q.S.)
| | - Tao Li
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yanyang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (T.X.); (Q.S.)
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subhealth Intervention Technology, Changsha 410128, China
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Silva ML, Rita K, Bernardo MA, Mesquita MFD, Pintão AM, Moncada M. Adansonia digitata L. (Baobab) Bioactive Compounds, Biological Activities, and the Potential Effect on Glycemia: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2170. [PMID: 37432337 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adansonia digitata L. fruit, also known as baobab, has been used traditionally throughout the world for its medicinal properties. Ethnopharmacological uses of various plant parts have been reported for hydration, antipyretic, antiparasitic, antitussive, and sudorific properties and also in the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery in many African countries. Several studies have revealed that in addition to these applications, baobab has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial activities. The health benefits of baobab have been attributed to its bioactive compounds, namely phenols, flavonoids, proanthocyanins, tannins, catechins, and carotenoids. Baobab fruit is also an important source of vitamin C and micronutrients, including zinc, potassium, magnesium, iron, calcium, and protein, which may reduce nutritional deficiencies. Despite scientific studies revealing that this fruit has a wide diversity of bioactive compounds with beneficial effects on health, there is a gap in the review of information about their mechanisms of action and critical analysis of clinical trials exploring, in particular, their effect on glycemia regulation. This work aims to present a current overview of the bioactive compounds, biological activities, and effects of A. digitata fruit on blood glucose, highlighting their potential mechanisms of action and effects on glycemia regulation, evaluated in recent animal and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Leonor Silva
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Keyla Rita
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria Alexandra Bernardo
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria Fernanda de Mesquita
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Pintão
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Margarida Moncada
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
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Raafat K, al Haj M. Modulators of diabetic neuropathy and inflammation from Saponaria officinalis: Isolation of active phytochemicals and potential mechanisms of action. J Tradit Complement Med 2023; 13:226-235. [PMID: 37128196 PMCID: PMC10148123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Natural metabolites are rich in neuroactive and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals. Soapwort or Saponaria officinalis (Sap) has been utilized for its immunomodulatory and ant-rheumatic properties. Thus, the aim is to exploit Sap phytochemically and to investigate Sap isolated active phytochemicals effect to modulate diabetic neuropathy and inflammation, and their possible mechanisms of action. Experimental procedure Bio-guided chromatographic fractionation and phytochemical isolation of the most abundant Sap phytochemicals utilizing RP-HPLC, 13C, and 1H NMR, in-vivo models of diabetes, diabetic neuropathy, and inflammation were used. Glucometers, HbA1c micro-columns, in-vivo hind-paw edema, tail-flick, hot plate, and Von-Frey filaments methods were utilized to investigate the acute, subchronic, and long term diabetes, inflammation, hyperalgesia, and mechanical allodynia. In-vivo antioxidant, inhibitory alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase, and serum insulin levels, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha cytokines levels were utilized to investigate Sap mechanisms of action. Results and conclusion The phytochemical post-hydrolysis RP-HPLC investigation results show six major peaks; Quillaic acid (12.5%), Quillaic acid 22 β-OH (11.25%), Gypsogenin (21.25%), Phytolaccinic acid (18.75%), Phytolaccinic acid (17.50%), and Echynocystic acid (15.10%). The bio-guided chromatographic fractionation investigation utilizing reversed phase HPLC, 13C and 1H NMR has shown that Quillaic acid (QA) is the most abundant and biologically active compound. Sap 20 mg/kg has shown the highest potency in normalization of blood glucose level (BGL) acutely (6-h), subchronically (eight-days), and longer-term (eight-weeks) correlated to Sap 10 and 7 mg/kg, and QA 0.7, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg. The highest amelioration of diabetic neuropathy (thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia) was Sap 20 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory potentials of Sap 20 mg/kg have shown dominance in decreasing carrageenan-induced in-vivo hind-paw edema. The anti-nociceptive mechanism of action might be due to Sap insulin secretagogue and the in-vivo antioxidant potentials. The reduction of IL-6 cytokines and TNF-alpha, along with the elevation of the IL-10 cytokine level might be the underlying Sap anti-inflammatory mechanism. Phytochemically, QA has shown to be the most abundant and biologically active compound in Sap extract. Sap has shown significant (p < 0.05) anti-diabetic, anti-diabetic neuropathy, and anti-inflammatory effects. Our results provide new insights into the potential effects of Saponaria and Quillaic acid as future alternative therapies against diabetic neuropathy and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Raafat
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mazen al Haj
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab International University, Damascus, Syria
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Shi F, Jiang ZB, Xu J, Bai XP, Liang QY, Fu ZH. Optimized extraction of phenolic antioxidants from red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seeds by subcritical water extraction using response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Nutraceutical Profiling, Bioactive Composition, and Biological Applications of Lepidium sativum L. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2910411. [PMID: 35096265 PMCID: PMC8791756 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2910411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The roots, leaves, and seeds of Lepidium sativum L., popularly known as Garden cress in different regions, have high economic importance; although, the crop is particularly cultivated for the seeds. In traditional medicine, this plant has been reported to possess various biological activities. This review is aimed at providing updated and critical scientific information about the traditional, nutritional, phytochemical, and biological activities of L. sativum. In addition, the geographic distribution is also reviewed. The comprehensive literature search was carried out with the help of different search engines PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. This review highlighted the importance of L. sativum as an edible herb that possesses a wide range of therapeutic properties along with high nutritional values. Preclinical studies (in vitro and in vivo) displayed anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, gastrointestinal, and fracture/bone healing activities of L. sativum and support the clinical importance of plant-derived bioactive compounds for the treatment of different diseases. Screening of literature revealed that L. sativum species and their bioactive compounds may be a significant source for new drug compounds and also could be used against malnutrition. Further clinical trials are needed to effectively assess the actual potential of the species and its bioactive compounds.
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Yang J, He Q, Wang Y, Pan Z, Zhang G, Liang J, Su L, Wang A, Zeng C, Luo H, Liu L, Li J, Rao Q, Wang B, Wang H, Chen P. Gegen Qinlian Decoction ameliorates type 2 diabetes osteoporosis via IGFBP3/MAPK/NFATc1 signaling pathway based on cytokine antibody array. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:153810. [PMID: 34798519 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis affects more than half the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Up to data, there is no effective clinical practice in managing type 2 diabetes osteoporosis (T2DOP) because of its complex pathogenesis. Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) has been used for the long-term management of T2DM. However, the underlying mechanism of GQD in the treatment of T2DOP remains unknown. PURPOSE To reveal the role of GQD in T2DOP and its potential therapeutic targets in the management of T2DOP. STUDY DESIGN The effect of GQD on T2DOP was observed in db/db mice in four groups: model group, GQD low-dose group (GQD-L), GQD high-dose group (GQD-H), and metformin (positive control) group. C57BL/6J mice were used as the negative control group. METHODS Quantitative phytochemical analysis of GQD was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Micro-CT and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining were used to evaluate bone histomorphometry. To screen for candidate targets of GQD, a cytokine antibody array was used, followed by bioinformatics analysis. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting (WB) were used to determine expression levels. RESULTS The major active components of GQD were confirmed by HPLC. Micro-CT and H&E staining showed that bone mass was significantly increased in the GQD-H group compared with the model group. Antibody arrays revealed that the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) was elevated in the GQD-H group. The MAPK pathway was identified using bioinformatics analysis. Additionally, the levels of osteoclastogenesis-related genes, including cathepsin K (Ctsk), acid phosphatase 5 (Acp5), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (Mmp9), and ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit D2 (Atp6v0d2) were significantly decreased in the GQD-H group. Compared with the model group, high-dosage GQD inhibited phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the expression of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1). CONCLUSION GQD plays a protective role in T2DOP by upregulating IGFBP3 expression and downregulating the IGFBP3/MAPK/NFATc1 signaling pathway. IGFBP3 in serum may also be a novel biomarker in the treatment of T2DOP. Our current findings not only expand the application of GQD, but also provide a theoretical basis and guidance for T2DOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzheng Yang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Qi He
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Yunhan Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Zhaofeng Pan
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Gangyu Zhang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Jianming Liang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Lijun Su
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Ailin Wang
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Chuning Zeng
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Haoran Luo
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Jianliang Li
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Qiuhong Rao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Baohua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, PR China.
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdon 510405, PR China.
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdon 510405, PR China.
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The Use of Natural Compounds as a Strategy to Counteract Oxidative Stress in Animal Models of Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137009. [PMID: 34209800 PMCID: PMC8268811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterised by insulin deficiency, resulting in hyperglycaemia, a characteristic symptom of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). DM substantially affects numerous metabolic pathways, resulting in β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, abnormal blood glucose levels, impaired lipid metabolism, inflammatory processes, and excessive oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can affect the body’s normal physiological function and cause numerous cellular and molecular changes, such as mitochondrial dysfunction. Animal models are useful for exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms of DM and improving novel therapeutics for their safe use in human beings. Due to their health benefits, there is significant interest in a wide range of natural compounds that can act as naturally occurring anti-diabetic compounds. Due to rodent models’ relatively similar physiology to humans and ease of handling and housing, they are widely used as pre-clinical models for studying several metabolic disorders. In this review, we analyse the currently available rodent animal models of DM and their advantages and disadvantages and highlight the potential anti-oxidative effects of natural compounds and their mechanisms of action.
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Rahman MS, Hossain KS, Das S, Kundu S, Adegoke EO, Rahman MA, Hannan MA, Uddin MJ, Pang MG. Role of Insulin in Health and Disease: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6403. [PMID: 34203830 PMCID: PMC8232639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone mainly secreted by β cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. The hormone potentially coordinates with glucagon to modulate blood glucose levels; insulin acts via an anabolic pathway, while glucagon performs catabolic functions. Insulin regulates glucose levels in the bloodstream and induces glucose storage in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue, resulting in overall weight gain. The modulation of a wide range of physiological processes by insulin makes its synthesis and levels critical in the onset and progression of several chronic diseases. Although clinical and basic research has made significant progress in understanding the role of insulin in several pathophysiological processes, many aspects of these functions have yet to be elucidated. This review provides an update on insulin secretion and regulation, and its physiological roles and functions in different organs and cells, and implications to overall health. We cast light on recent advances in insulin-signaling targeted therapies, the protective effects of insulin signaling activators against disease, and recommendations and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea; (M.S.R.); (E.O.A.)
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Khandkar Shaharina Hossain
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Sharnali Das
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Sushmita Kundu
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Elikanah Olusayo Adegoke
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea; (M.S.R.); (E.O.A.)
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Md. Abdul Hannan
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea; (M.S.R.); (E.O.A.)
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Bashkin A, Ghanim M, Abu-Farich B, Rayan M, Miari R, Srouji S, Rayan A, Falah M. Forty-One Plant Extracts Screened for Dual Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Functions: Evaluating the Types of Correlation between -Amylase Inhibition and Free Radical Scavenging. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020317. [PMID: 33435419 PMCID: PMC7827760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glucose homeostasis followed by chronic hyperglycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus (DM), a disease spreading as a worldwide pandemic for which there is no satisfactory dietary treatment or cure. The development of glucose-controlling drugs that can prevent complications of DM, such as hyperglycemia and oxidative stress, which contribute to the impairment of the key physiological processes in the body, is of grave importance. In pursuit of this goal, this study screened 41 plant extracts for their antidiabetic and antioxidant activities by employing assays to test for α-amylase inhibition and free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) and by measuring glucose uptake in L6-GLUT4myc cells. While extracts of Rhus coriaria, Punica granatum, Olea europaea, Pelargonium spp., Stevia rebaudiana, and Petroselinum crispum demonstrated significant α-amylase inhibition, the extracts of Rhus coriaria and Pelargonium spp. also demonstrated increased FRSA, and the extract of Rhus coriaria stimulated glucose uptake. These natural extracts, which are believed to have fewer side effects because they are prepared from edible plants, interfere with the process in the small intestine that breaks down dietary carbohydrates into monosaccharide and disaccharide derivatives, and thereby suppress increases in diet-induced blood glucose; hence, they may have clinical value for type 2 diabetes management. The Pelargonium spp. and Rhus coriaria extracts demonstrated the highest antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. Both plants may offer valuable medical benefits, especially because they can be taken as dietary supplements by patients with diabetes and can serve as sources of new, natural-based antidiabetic drug candidates. The enhancement of cellular glucose uptake stimulated by Rhus coriaria extract could lead to the development of clinical applications that regulate blood glucose levels from within the circulatory system. Isolating bioactive substances from these plant extracts and testing them in diabetic mice will significantly advance the development of natural drugs that have both antidiabetic and free radical-scavenging properties, likely with lesser side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Bashkin
- Galilee Medical Center, Institute for Medical Research, Nahariya 2210001, Israel; (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (S.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Manar Ghanim
- Galilee Medical Center, Institute for Medical Research, Nahariya 2210001, Israel; (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (S.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Basheer Abu-Farich
- Faculty of Science, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka EL-Garbiah 30100, Israel; (B.A.-F.); (M.R.)
| | - Mahmoud Rayan
- Faculty of Science, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka EL-Garbiah 30100, Israel; (B.A.-F.); (M.R.)
| | - Reem Miari
- Galilee Medical Center, Institute for Medical Research, Nahariya 2210001, Israel; (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (S.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Samer Srouji
- Galilee Medical Center, Institute for Medical Research, Nahariya 2210001, Israel; (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (S.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Anwar Rayan
- Faculty of Science, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka EL-Garbiah 30100, Israel; (B.A.-F.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (M.F.)
| | - Mizied Falah
- Galilee Medical Center, Institute for Medical Research, Nahariya 2210001, Israel; (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (S.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (M.F.)
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