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Morales-Merida BE, Grimaldi-Olivas JC, Cruz-Mendívil A, Villicaña C, Valdez-Torres JB, Heredia JB, León-Chan RG, Lightbourn-Rojas LA, Monribot-Villanueva JL, Guerrero-Analco JA, Ruiz-May E, León-Félix J. Integrating Proteomics and Metabolomics Approaches to Elucidate the Mechanism of Responses to Combined Stress in the Bell Pepper ( Capsicum annuum). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1861. [PMID: 38999705 PMCID: PMC11244445 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Bell pepper plants are sensitive to environmental changes and are significantly affected by abiotic factors such as UV-B radiation and cold, which reduce their yield and production. Various approaches, including omics data integration, have been employed to understand the mechanisms by which this crop copes with abiotic stress. This study aimed to find metabolic changes in bell pepper stems caused by UV-B radiation and cold by integrating omic data. Proteome and metabolome profiles were generated using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and data integration was performed in the plant metabolic pathway database. The combined stress of UV-B and cold induced the accumulation of proteins related to photosynthesis, mitochondrial electron transport, and a response to a stimulus. Further, the production of flavonoids and their glycosides, as well as affecting carbon metabolism, tetrapyrrole, and scopolamine pathways, were identified. We have made the first metabolic regulatory network map showing how bell pepper stems respond to cold and UV-B stress. We did this by looking at changes in proteins and metabolites that help with respiration, photosynthesis, and the buildup of photoprotective and antioxidant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Estefano Morales-Merida
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica Funcional, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Campo el Diez, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Jesús Christian Grimaldi-Olivas
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica Funcional, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Campo el Diez, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Abraham Cruz-Mendívil
- CONAHCYT-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Sinaloa, Guasave 81101, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Claudia Villicaña
- CONAHCYT-Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica Funcional, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Campo el Diez, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - José Benigno Valdez-Torres
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica Funcional, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Campo el Diez, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - J Basilio Heredia
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica Funcional, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Campo el Diez, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Rubén Gerardo León-Chan
- Laboratorio de Genética, Instituto de Investigación Lightbourn, A.C., Carretera las Pampas Km 2.5, Jiménez 33980, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Luis Alberto Lightbourn-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Genética, Instituto de Investigación Lightbourn, A.C., Carretera las Pampas Km 2.5, Jiménez 33980, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Juan L Monribot-Villanueva
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Congregación el Haya, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - José A Guerrero-Analco
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Congregación el Haya, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Eliel Ruiz-May
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Congregación el Haya, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Josefina León-Félix
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica Funcional, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Campo el Diez, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico
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2
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Khalil MNA, Afifi SM, Eltanany BM, Pont L, Benavente F, El-Sonbaty SM, Sedeek MS. Assessment of the effect of drying on Brassica greens via a multiplex approach based on LC-QTOF-MS/MS, molecular networking, and chemometrics along with their antioxidant and anticancer activities. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114053. [PMID: 38395547 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Turnip (Brassica rapa var rapa L.) leaves are a rich source of versatile bioactive phytochemicals with great potential in the food and herbal industries. However, the effect of drying on its constituents has never been studied before. Hereto, three drying techniques were compared, namely, lyophilization (LY), vacuum oven (VO), and shade drying (SD). Chemical profiling utilizing liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) combined with chemometrics showed the different impacts of the drying methods on the phytochemical composition of the alcoholic leaf extracts. Unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of the LC-QTOF-MS/MS data showed distinct distant clustering across the three drying techniques. Loading plots and VIP scores demonstrated that sinapic acid, isorhamnetin glycosides, and sinapoyl malate were key markers for LY samples. Meanwhile, oxygenated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were characteristic for SD samples and oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids and verbascoside were characteristic for VO samples. LY resulted in the highest total phenolics (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) contents followed by SD and VO. LY and SD samples had much higher antioxidant activity than VO measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and iron metal chelation assays. According to the anticancer activity, the drying methods were ranked in descending order as SD > LY ≫ VO when tested against colon, breast, liver, and lung cancer cell lines. Among the identified compounds, flavonoids and omega-3 fatty acids were key metabolites responsible for the anticancer activity as revealed by partial least squares (PLS) regression and correlation analyses. In conclusion, compared to LY, SD projected out as a cost-effective drying method without compromising the phytochemical and biological activities of Brassica greens. The current findings lay the foundation for further studies concerned with the valorization of Brassica greens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed N A Khalil
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Sherif M Afifi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Basma M Eltanany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Laura Pont
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Research on Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Serra Húnter Program, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona 08007, Spain
| | - Fernando Benavente
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Research on Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Sawsan M El-Sonbaty
- Department of Radiation Microbiology, The National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City 11787, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Sedeek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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3
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Muthusamy M, Lee SI. Abiotic stress-induced secondary metabolite production in Brassica: opportunities and challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1323085. [PMID: 38239210 PMCID: PMC10794482 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1323085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Over the decades, extensive research efforts have been undertaken to understand how secondary plant metabolites are affected by genetic, environmental, and agronomic factors. Understanding the genetic basis of stress-response metabolite biosynthesis is crucial for sustainable agriculture production amidst frequent occurrence of climatic anomalies. Although it is known that environmental factors influence phytochemical profiles and their content, studies of plant compounds in relation to stress mitigation are only emerging and largely hindered by phytochemical diversities and technical shortcomings in measurement techniques. Despite these challenges, considerable success has been achieved in profiling of secondary metabolites such as glucosinolates, flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolic acids and alkaloids. In this study, we aimed to understand the roles of glucosinolates, flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolic acids and alkaloids in relation to their abiotic stress response, with a focus on the developing of stress-resilient crops. The focal genus is the Brassica since it (i) possesses variety of specialized phytochemicals that are important for its plant defense against major abiotic stresses, and (ii) hosts many economically important crops that are sensitive to adverse growth conditions. We summarize that augmented levels of specialized metabolites in Brassica primarily function as stress mitigators against oxidative stress, which is a secondary stressor in many abiotic stresses. Furthermore, it is clear that functional characterization of stress-response metabolites or their genetic pathways describing biosynthesis is essential for developing stress-resilient Brassica crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soo In Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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4
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Scandola S, Mehta D, Castillo B, Boyce N, Uhrig RG. Systems-level proteomics and metabolomics reveals the diel molecular landscape of diverse kale cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1170448. [PMID: 37575922 PMCID: PMC10421703 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1170448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Kale is a group of diverse Brassicaceae species that are nutritious leafy greens consumed for their abundance of vitamins and micronutrients. Typified by their curly, serrated and/or wavy leaves, kale varieties have been primarily defined based on their leaf morphology and geographic origin, despite having complex genetic backgrounds. Kale is a very promising crop for vertical farming due to its high nutritional content; however, being a non-model organism, foundational, systems-level analyses of kale are lacking. Previous studies in kale have shown that time-of-day harvesting can affect its nutritional composition. Therefore, to gain a systems-level diel understanding of kale across its wide-ranging and diverse genetic landscape, we selected nine publicly available and commercially grown kale cultivars for growth under near-sunlight LED light conditions ideal for vertical farming. We then analyzed changes in morphology, growth and nutrition using a combination of plant phenotyping, proteomics and metabolomics. As the diel molecular activities of plants drive their daily growth and development, ultimately determining their productivity as a crop, we harvested kale leaf tissue at both end-of-day (ED) and end-of-night (EN) time-points for all molecular analyses. Our results reveal that diel proteome and metabolome signatures divide the selected kale cultivars into two groups defined by their amino acid and sugar content, along with significant proteome differences involving carbon and nitrogen metabolism, mRNA splicing, protein translation and light harvesting. Together, our multi-cultivar, multi-omic analysis provides new insights into the molecular underpinnings of the diel growth and development landscape of kale, advancing our fundamental understanding of this nutritious leafy green super-food for horticulture/vertical farming applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - R. Glen Uhrig
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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5
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Barnes PW, Robson TM, Zepp RG, Bornman JF, Jansen MAK, Ossola R, Wang QW, Robinson SA, Foereid B, Klekociuk AR, Martinez-Abaigar J, Hou WC, Mackenzie R, Paul ND. Interactive effects of changes in UV radiation and climate on terrestrial ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and feedbacks to the climate system. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:1049-1091. [PMID: 36723799 PMCID: PMC9889965 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial organisms and ecosystems are being exposed to new and rapidly changing combinations of solar UV radiation and other environmental factors because of ongoing changes in stratospheric ozone and climate. In this Quadrennial Assessment, we examine the interactive effects of changes in stratospheric ozone, UV radiation and climate on terrestrial ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles in the context of the Montreal Protocol. We specifically assess effects on terrestrial organisms, agriculture and food supply, biodiversity, ecosystem services and feedbacks to the climate system. Emphasis is placed on the role of extreme climate events in altering the exposure to UV radiation of organisms and ecosystems and the potential effects on biodiversity. We also address the responses of plants to increased temporal variability in solar UV radiation, the interactive effects of UV radiation and other climate change factors (e.g. drought, temperature) on crops, and the role of UV radiation in driving the breakdown of organic matter from dead plant material (i.e. litter) and biocides (pesticides and herbicides). Our assessment indicates that UV radiation and climate interact in various ways to affect the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, and that by protecting the ozone layer, the Montreal Protocol continues to play a vital role in maintaining healthy, diverse ecosystems on land that sustain life on Earth. Furthermore, the Montreal Protocol and its Kigali Amendment are mitigating some of the negative environmental consequences of climate change by limiting the emissions of greenhouse gases and protecting the carbon sequestration potential of vegetation and the terrestrial carbon pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Barnes
- Biological Sciences and Environment Program, Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, USA.
| | - T M Robson
- Organismal & Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Sciences Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- National School of Forestry, University of Cumbria, Ambleside, UK.
| | - R G Zepp
- ORD/CEMM, US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - J F Bornman
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - R Ossola
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA
| | - Q-W Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenyang, China
| | - S A Robinson
- Global Challenges Program & School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - B Foereid
- Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - A R Klekociuk
- Antarctic Climate Program, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Australia
| | - J Martinez-Abaigar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
| | - W-C Hou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - R Mackenzie
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
| | - N D Paul
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Badmus UO, Ač A, Klem K, Urban O, Jansen MAK. A meta-analysis of the effects of UV radiation on the plant carotenoid pool. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 183:36-45. [PMID: 35561499 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Induction of metabolite biosynthesis and accumulation is one of the most prominent UV-mediated changes in plants, whether during eustress (positive response) or distress (negative response). However, despite evidence suggesting multiple linkages between UV exposure and carotenoid induction in plants, there is no consensus in the literature concerning the direction and/or amplitude of these effects. Here, we compiled publications that characterised the relative impact of UV on the content of individual carotenoids and subjected the created database to a meta-analysis in order to acquire new, fundamental insights in responses of the carotenoid pool to UV exposure. Overall, it was found that violaxanthin was the only carotenoid compound that was significantly and consistently induced as a result of UV exposure. Violaxanthin accumulation was accompanied by a UV dose dependent decrease in antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin. The resulting shift in the state of the xanthophyll cycle would normally occur when plants are exposed to low light and this is associated with increased susceptibility to photoinhibition. Although UV induced violaxanthin accumulation is positively linked to the daily UV dose, the current dataset is too small to establish a link with plant stress, or even experimental growth conditions. In summary, the effects of UV radiation on carotenoids are multifaceted and compound-specific, and there is a need for a systematic analysis of dose-response and wavelength dependencies, as well as of interactive effects with further environmental parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthman O Badmus
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences & Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Alexander Ač
- Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Belidla 4a, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Klem
- Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Belidla 4a, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Belidla 4a, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel A K Jansen
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences & Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
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7
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Unterlander N, Mats L, McGary LC, Gordon HOW, Bozzo GG. Kaempferol rhamnoside catabolism in rosette leaves of senescing Arabidopsis and postharvest stored radish. PLANTA 2022; 256:36. [PMID: 35816223 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flavonol rhamnosides including kaempferitrin (i.e., kaempferol 3-O-α-rhamnoside-7-O-α-rhamnoside) occur throughout the plant kingdom. Mechanisms governing flavonol rhamnoside biosynthesis are established, whereas degradative processes occurring in plants are relatively unknown. Here, we investigated the catabolic events affecting kaempferitrin status in the rosette leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh. (Arabidopsis) and Raphanus sativus L. (radish), respectively, in response to developmental senescence and postharvest handling. On a per plant basis, losses of several kaempferol rhamnosides including kaempferitrin were apparent in senescing leaves of Arabidopsis during development and postharvest radish stored at 5 °C. Conversely, small pools of kaempferol 7-O-α-rhamnoside (K7R), kaempferol 3-O-α-rhamnoside (K3R), and kaempferol built up in senescing leaves of both species. Evidence is provided for ⍺-rhamnosidase activities targeting the 7-O-α-rhamnoside of kaempferitrin and K7R in rosette leaves of both species. An HPLC analysis of in vitro assays of clarified leaf extracts prepared from developing Arabidopsis and postharvest radish determined that these metabolic shifts were coincident with respective 237% and 645% increases in kaempferitrin 7-O-⍺-rhamnosidase activity. Lower activity rates were apparent when these ⍺-rhamnosidase assays were performed with K7R. A radish ⍺-rhamnosidase containing peak eluting from a DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column hydrolyzed various 7-O-rhamnosylated flavonols, as well as kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside. Together it is apparent that the catabolism of 7-O-α-rhamnosylated kaempferol metabolites in senescing plant leaves is associated with a flavonol 7-O-α-rhamnoside-utilizing α-rhamnosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Unterlander
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lili Mats
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Laura C McGary
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Harley O W Gordon
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Gale G Bozzo
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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8
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Yoon HI, Kim J, Oh MM, Son JE. Prediction of Phenolic Contents Based on Ultraviolet-B Radiation in Three-Dimensional Structure of Kale Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:918170. [PMID: 35755700 PMCID: PMC9228028 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280-315 nm) radiation has been known as an elicitor to enhance bioactive compound contents in plants. However, unpredictable yield is an obstacle to the application of UV-B radiation to controlled environments such as plant factories. A typical three-dimensional (3D) plant structure causes uneven UV-B exposure with leaf position and age-dependent sensitivity to UV-B radiation. The purpose of this study was to develop a model for predicting phenolic accumulation in kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) according to UV-B radiation interception and growth stage. The plants grown under a plant factory module were exposed to UV-B radiation from UV-B light-emitting diodes with a peak at 310 nm for 6 or 12 h at 23, 30, and 38 days after transplanting. The spatial distribution of UV-B radiation interception in the plants was quantified using ray-tracing simulation with a 3D-scanned plant model. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), UV-B absorbing pigment content (UAPC), and the antioxidant capacity were significantly higher in UV-B-exposed leaves. Daily UV-B energy absorbed by leaves and developmental age was used to develop stepwise multiple linear regression models for the TPC, TFC, TAC, and UAPC at each growth stage. The newly developed models accurately predicted the TPC, TFC, TAC, and UAPC in individual leaves with R 2 > 0.78 and normalized root mean squared errors of approximately 30% in test data, across the three growth stages. The UV-B energy yields for TPC, TFC, and TAC were the highest in the intermediate leaves, while those for UAPC were the highest in young leaves at the last stage. To the best of our knowledge, this study proposed the first statistical models for estimating UV-B-induced phenolic contents in plant structure. These results provided the fundamental data and models required for the optimization process. This approach can save the experimental time and cost required to optimize the control of UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo In Yoon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaewoo Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Min Oh
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jung Eek Son
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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9
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Hao J, Lou P, Han Y, Zheng L, Lu J, Chen Z, Ni J, Yang Y, Xu M. Ultraviolet-B Irradiation Increases Antioxidant Capacity of Pakchoi (Brassica rapa L.) by Inducing Flavonoid Biosynthesis. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060766. [PMID: 35336648 PMCID: PMC8949486 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As an important abiotic stress factor, ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light can stimulate the accumulation of antioxidants in plants. In this study, the possibility of enhancing antioxidant capacity in pakchoi (Brassica rapa L.) by UV-B supplementation was assessed. Irradiation with 4 µmol·m−2·s−1 UV-B for 4 h or 2 µmol·m−2·s−1 UV-B for 24 h significantly increased the 1,1–diphenyl–2–picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and total reductive capacity, as a result of inducing a greater accumulation of total polyphenols and flavonoids without affecting the plant biomass. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the concentrations of many flavonoids significantly increased in response to UV-B treatment. The activities of three enzymes involved in the early steps of flavonoid biosynthesis, namely phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarate: coenzyme A (CoA) ligase (4CL), were significantly increased after the corresponding UV-B treatment. Compared with the control, the expression levels of several flavonoid biosynthesis genes (namely BrPAL, BrC4H, Br4CL, BrCHS, BrF3H, BrF3′H, BrFLS, BrDFR, BrANS, and BrLDOX) were also significantly up–regulated in the UV-B treatment group. The results suggest that appropriate preharvest UV-B supplementation could improve the nutritional quality of greenhouse-grown pakchoi by promoting the accumulation of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (J.H.); (P.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.C.); (J.N.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Panpan Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (J.H.); (P.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.C.); (J.N.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yidie Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (J.H.); (P.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.C.); (J.N.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Lijun Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (J.H.); (P.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.C.); (J.N.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jiangjie Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (J.H.); (P.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.C.); (J.N.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Zhehao Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (J.H.); (P.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.C.); (J.N.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jun Ni
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (J.H.); (P.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.C.); (J.N.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yanjun Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (J.H.); (P.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.C.); (J.N.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Maojun Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (J.H.); (P.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.C.); (J.N.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-2886-5335
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Lee JH, Shibata S, Goto E. Time-Course of Changes in Photosynthesis and Secondary Metabolites in Canola ( Brassica napus) Under Different UV-B Irradiation Levels in a Plant Factory With Artificial Light. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:786555. [PMID: 35003173 PMCID: PMC8730333 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.786555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate short-duration (24 h) UV-B irradiation as a preharvest abiotic stressor in canola plants. Moreover, we quantified the expression levels of genes related to bioactive compounds synthesis in response to UV-B radiation. Canola seedlings were cultivated in a plant factory under artificial light (200 μmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetic photon flux density; white LED lamps; 16 h on/8 h off), 25°C/20°C daytime/nighttime air temperature, and 70% relative humidity. Eighteen days after sowing, the seedlings were subjected to supplemental UV-B treatment. The control plants received no UV-B irradiation. The plants were exposed to 3, 5, or 7 W m-2 UV-B irradiation. There were no significant differences in shoot fresh weight between the UV-B-irradiated and control plants. With increasing UV-B irradiation intensity and exposure time, the H2O2 content gradually increased, the expression levels of genes related to photosynthesis downregulated, and phenylpropanoid and flavonoid production, and also total phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant, and anthocyanin concentrations were significantly enhanced. The genes related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis were immediately upregulated after UV-B irradiation. The relative gene expression patterns identified using qRT-PCR corroborated the variations in gene expression that were revealed using microarray analysis. The time point at which the genes were induced varied with the gene location along the biosynthetic pathway. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a temporal difference between the accumulation of antioxidants and the induction of genes related to the synthesis of this compound in UV-B-treated canola plants. Our results demonstrated that short-term UV-B irradiation could augment antioxidant biosynthesis in canola without sacrificing crop yield or quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hui Lee
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Seina Shibata
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Eiji Goto
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
- Plant Molecular Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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11
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Dong T, Sha Y, Liu H, Sun L. Altitudinal Variation of Metabolites, Mineral Elements and Antioxidant Activities of Rhodiola crenulata (Hook.f. & Thomson) H.Ohba. Molecules 2021; 26:7383. [PMID: 34885966 PMCID: PMC8658832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodiolacrenulata (Hook.f. & Thomson) H.Ohba is an alpine medicinal plant that can survive in extreme high altitude environments. However, its changes to extreme high altitude are not yet clear. In this study, the response of Rhodiola crenulata to differences in altitude gradients was investigated through chemical, ICP-MS and metabolomic methods. A targeted study of Rhodiola crenulata growing at three vertical altitudes revealed that the contents of seven elements Ca, Sr, B, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Cd, the phenolic components, the ascorbic acid, the ascorbic acid/dehydroascorbate ratio, and the antioxidant capacity were positively correlated with altitude, while the opposite was true for total ascorbic acid content. Furthermore, 1165 metabolites were identified: flavonoids (200), gallic acids (30), phenylpropanoids (237), amino acids (100), free fatty acids and glycerides (56), nucleotides (60), as well as other metabolites (482). The differential metabolite and biomarker analyses suggested that, with an increasing altitude: (1) the shikimic acid-phenylalanine-phenylpropanoids-flavonoids pathway was enhanced, with phenylpropanoids upregulating biomarkers much more than flavonoids; phenylpropanes and phenylmethanes upregulated, and phenylethanes downregulated; the upregulation of quercetin was especially significant in flavonoids; upregulation of condensed tannins and downregulation of hydrolyzed tannins; upregulation of shikimic acids and amino acids including phenylalanine. (2) significant upregulation of free fatty acids and downregulation of glycerides; and (3) upregulation of adenosine phosphates. Our findings provide new insights on the responses of Rhodiola crenulata to extreme high altitude adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liwei Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.D.); (Y.S.); (H.L.)
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12
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Pegiou E, Zhu Q, Pegios P, De Vos RCH, Mumm R, Hall RD. Metabolomics Reveals Heterogeneity in the Chemical Composition of Green and White Spears of Asparagus ( A. officinalis). Metabolites 2021; 11:708. [PMID: 34677423 PMCID: PMC8538002 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Green and white asparagus are quite different crops but can be harvested from the same plant. They have distinct morphological differences due to their mode of cultivation and they are characterised by having contrasting appearance and flavour. Significant chemical differences are therefore expected. Spears from three varieties of both green and white forms, harvested in two consecutive seasons were analysed using headspace GC-MS and LC-MS with an untargeted metabolomic workflow. Mainly C5 and C8 alcohols and aldehydes, and phenolic compounds were more abundant in green spears, whereas benzenoids, monoterpenes, unsaturated aldehydes and steroidal saponins were more abundant in white ones. Previously reported key asparagus volatiles and non-volatiles were detected at similar or not significantly different levels in the two asparagus types. Spatial metabolomics revealed also that many volatiles with known positive aroma attributes were significantly more abundant in the upper parts of the spears and showed a decreasing trend towards the base. These findings provide valuable insights into the metabolome of raw asparagus, the contrasts between green and white spears as well as the different chemical distributions along the stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Pegiou
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.P.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qingrui Zhu
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.P.); (Q.Z.)
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ric C. H. De Vos
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.C.H.D.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Roland Mumm
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.C.H.D.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Robert D. Hall
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.P.); (Q.Z.)
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.C.H.D.V.); (R.M.)
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