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Rhoomi ZR, Ahmed DS, Jabir MS, Qadeer A, Ismael AB, Swelum AA. Fabrication of pure Bi 2WO 6 and Bi 2WO 6/MWCNTs nanocomposite as potential antibacterial and anticancer agents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9545. [PMID: 38664493 PMCID: PMC11045852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58751-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An essential research area for scientists is the development of high-performing, inexpensive, non-toxic antibacterial materials that prevent the transfer of bacteria. In this study, pure Bi2WO6 and Bi2WO6/MWCNTs nanocomposite were prepared by hydrothermal method. A series of characterization results by using XRD FTIR, Raman, FESEM, TEM, and EDS analyses, reveal the formation of orthorhombic nanoflakes Bi2WO6 by the addition of NaOH and pH adjustment to 7. Compared to pure Bi2WO6, the Bi2WO6/MWCNTs nanocomposite exhibited that CNTs are efficiently embedded into the structure of Bi2WO6 which results in charge transfer between metal ion electrons and the conduction or valence band of Bi2WO6 and MWCNTs and result in shifting to longer wavelength as shown in UV-visible and PL. The results confirmed that MWCNTs are stuck to the surface of the microflowers, and some of them embedded inside the Bi2WO6 nanoflakes without affecting the structure of Bi2WO6 nanoflakes as demonstrated by TEM. In addition, Pure Bi2WO6 and the Bi2WO6/MWCNTs nanocomposite were tested against P. mirabilis and S. mutans., confirming the effect of addition MWCNTs materials had better antibacterial activity in opposition to both bacterial strains than pure Bi2WO6. Besides, pure Bi2WO6 and the Bi2WO6/MWCNTs nanocomposite tested for cytotoxicity against lung MTT test on Hep-G2 liver cancer cells, and flow-cytometry. Results indicated that pure Bi2WO6 and the Bi2WO6/MWCNTs nanocomposite have significant anti-cancer efficacy against Hep-G2 cells in vitro. In addition, the findings demonstrated that Bi2WO6 and Bi2WO6/MWCNTs triggered cell death via increasing ROS. Based on these findings, it appears that pure Bi2WO6 and the Bi2WO6/MWCNTs nanocomposite have the potential to be developed as nanotherapeutics for the treatment of bacterial infections, and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeena R Rhoomi
- Applied Science Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Duha S Ahmed
- Applied Science Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Applied Science Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Alaa B Ismael
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Mohsin MH, Khashan KS, Sulaiman GM, Mohammed HA, Qureshi KA, Aspatwar A. A novel facile synthesis of metal nitride@metal oxide (BN/Gd 2O 3) nanocomposite and their antibacterial and anticancer activities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22749. [PMID: 38123673 PMCID: PMC10733422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel core/shell nanocomposite structure (h-BN@Gd2O3 NCs) was created for the first time by combining hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) with doped gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) using different laser pulse numbers, i.e., 150, 338, and 772 pulses. We employed various analytical techniques, including mapping analysis, FE-SEM, EDS, HRTEM, SAED, XRD, zeta potential analysis, DLS, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and PL measurements, to characterize the synthesized h-BN, c-Gd2O3, and h-BN@Gd2O3 NCs (338 pulses). XRD results indicated hexagonal and cubic crystal structures for BN and Gd2O3, respectively, while EDS confirmed their chemical composition and elemental mapping. Chemical bonds between B-N-Gd, B-N-O, and Gd-O bands at 412, 455, 474, and 520 cm-1 were identified by FTIR analysis. The antimicrobial and anticancer activities of these NCs using agar well diffusion and MTT assays. They exhibited potent antibacterial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Furthermore, NCs have reduced the proliferation of cancerous cells, i.e., human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) and human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), while not affecting the proliferation of the normal breast cell line (MCF-10). The anticancer efficacy of NCs was validated by the AO/EtBr assay, which confirmed apoptotic cell death. Blood compatibility on human erythrocytes was also confirmed by hemolytic and in vitro toxicity assessments. The compiled results of the study proposed these nanoparticles could be used as a promising drug delivery system and potentially in healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayyadah H Mohsin
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Khawla S Khashan
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ghassan M Sulaiman
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Hamdoon A Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, 51452, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Kamal A Qureshi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
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Wang D, Chen J, Pu L, Yu L, Xiong F, Sun L, Yu Q, Cao X, Chen Y, Peng F, Peng C. Galangin: A food-derived flavonoid with therapeutic potential against a wide spectrum of diseases. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5700-5723. [PMID: 37748788 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Galangin is an important flavonoid with natural activity, that is abundant in galangal and propolis. Currently, various biological activities of galangin have been disclosed, including anti-inflammation, antibacterial effect, anti-oxidative stress and aging, anti-fibrosis, and antihypertensive effect. Based on the above bioactivities, more and more attention has been paid to the role of galangin in neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, skin diseases, and cancer. In this paper, the natural sources, pharmacokinetics, bioactivities, and therapeutic potential of galangin against various diseases were systematically reviewed by collecting and summarizing relevant literature. In addition, the molecular mechanism and new preparation of galangin in the treatment of related diseases are also discussed, to broaden the application prospect and provide reference for its clinical application. Furthermore, it should be noted that current toxicity and clinical studies of galangin are insufficient, and more evidence is needed to support its possibility as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junren Chen
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Pu
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Luyao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Bin Jardan YA, Ahad A, Raish M, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Microwave-Assisted Formation of Ternary Inclusion Complex of Pterostilbene. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1641. [PMID: 38139768 PMCID: PMC10747933 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene (PTS) is a naturally occurring phytoalexin. PTS displays limited water solubility, which consequently results in its diminished oral bioavailability. Therefore, a ternary inclusion complex (TIC) of PTS with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) in the presence of ternary substance Pluronic® F-127 (PLF) was prepared using microwave technology. The PTS-TIC was characterized by dissolution performance. Further, the prepared TIC was characterized by DSC, FTIR, NMR, XRD, and SEM analysis. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of PTS and PTS-TIC was also evaluated. Phase-solubility studies revealed that PTS's solubility in water was increased by 6.72 times when βCD/PLF was present. In comparison with PTS, prepared PTS-TIC produced a considerable improvement in PTS release. After 1 h, 74.03 ± 4.47% of PTS was released from PTS-TIC. Outcomes of DSC, FTIR, NMR, XRD, and SEM analysis revealed that the PTS was enclosed in the βCD cavity. In terms of antioxidant properties, the PTS-TIC formulation demonstrated superior activity compared to PTS, possibly attributed to the improved solubility of PTS resulting from the formation of TIC using microwave technology. It was concluded that microwave technology proved to be an extremely beneficial means of interacting PTS with βCD. In addition to increasing the solubility of PTS, the findings are also expected to improve its bioavailability by increasing its solubility. As a result, this study could provide insight into potential methods for enhancing the solubility of polyphenolic substances like PTS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang F, Yan Y, Zhang LM, Li DX, Li L, Lian WW, Xia CY, He J, Xu JK, Zhang WK. Pharmacological activities and therapeutic potential of galangin, a promising natural flavone, in age-related diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155061. [PMID: 37689035 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extension of average life expectancy and the aggravation of population aging have become the inevitable trend of human development. In an aging society, various problems related to medical care for the elderly have become increasingly prominent. However, most of the age-related diseases have the characteristics of multiple diseases at the same time, prone to complications, and atypical clinical manifestations, which bring great difficulties to its treatment. Galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a natural active compound extracted from the root of Alpinia officinarum Hance (Zingiberaceae). Recently, many studies have shown that galangin has potential advantages in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which are common in the elderly. In addition, it also showed that galangin had prospective activities in the treatment of tumor, diabetes, liver injury, asthma and arthritis. PURPOSE This review aims to systematically summarize and discuss the effects and the underlying mechanism of galangin in the treatment of age-related diseases. METHODS We searched PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science and CNKI literature database resources, combined with the keywords "galangin", "neurodegenerative disease", "tumor", "diabetes", "pharmacological activity", "drug combination", "pharmacokinetics", "drug delivery system" and "safety", and comprehensively reviewed the pharmacological activities and mechanism of galangin in treating age-related diseases. RESULTS According to the previous studies on galangin, the anti-neurodegenerative activity, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective activity, anti-tumor activity, anti-diabetes activity, anti-arthritis activity, hepatoprotective activity and antiasthmatic activity of galangin were discussed, and the related mechanisms were classified and summarized in detail. In addition, the drug combination, pharmacokinetics, drug delivery system and safety of galangin were furtherly discussed. CONCLUSIONS This review will provide reference for galangin in the treatment of age-related diseases. Meanwhile, further experimental research and long-term clinical trials are needed to determine the therapeutic safety and efficacy of galangin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica & School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lin-Mei Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dong-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wen-Wen Lian
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
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Lu Q. Bioresponsive and multifunctional cyclodextrin-based non-viral nanocomplexes in cancer therapy: Building foundations for gene and drug delivery, immunotherapy and bioimaging. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116507. [PMID: 37364628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The interest towards application of nanomaterials in field of cancer therapy is that the drawbacks of conventional therapies including chemoresistance, radio-resistance and lack of specific targeting of tumor cells can be solved by nanotechnology. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are amphiphilic cyclic oligosaccharides that can be present in three forms of α-, β- and γ-CDs, and they can be synthesized from natural sources. The application of CDs in cancer shows an increasing trend due to benefits of these nanocomplexes in improving solubility and bioavailability of current bioactives and therapeutics for cancer. CDs are widely utilized in delivery of drugs and genes in cancer therapy, and by targeted delivery of these therapeutics into target site, they improve anti-proliferative and anti-cancer potential. The blood circulation time and tumor site accumulation of therapeutics can be improved using CD-based nanostructures. More importantly, the stimuli-responsive types of CDs including pH-, redox- and light-sensitive types can accelerate release of bioactive compound at tumor site. Interestingly, the CDs are able to mediate photothermal and photodynamic impact in impairing tumorigenesis in cancer, enhancing cell death and improving response to chemotherapy. In improving the targeting ability of CDs, their surface functionalization with ligands has been conducted. Moreover, CDs can be modified with green products such as chitosan and fucoidan, and they can be embedded in green-based nanostructures to suppress tumorigenesis. The internalization of CDs into tumor cells can occur through endocytosis and this can be clethrin-, caveolae- or receptor-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, CDs are promising candidates in bioimaging, cancer cell and organelle imaging as well as isolating tumor cells. The main benefits of using CDs in cancer therapy including sustained and low release of drugs and genes, targeted delivery, bioresponsive release of cargo, ease of surface functionalization and complexation with other nanostructures. The application of CDs in overcoming drug resistance requires more investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Wendlocha D, Krzykawski K, Mielczarek-Palacz A, Kubina R. Selected Flavonols in Breast and Gynecological Cancer: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2938. [PMID: 37447264 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of foods that are rich in phenolic compounds has chemopreventive effects on many cancers, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer. A wide spectrum of their health-promoting properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, has been demonstrated. This paper analyzes the mechanisms of the anticancer action of selected common flavonols, including kemferol, myricetin, quercetin, fisetin, galangin, isorhamnetin, and morin, in preclinical studies, with particular emphasis on in vitro studies in gynecological cancers and breast cancer. In the future, these compounds may find applications in the prevention and treatment of gynecological cancers and breast cancer, but this requires further, more advanced research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Wendlocha
- Department of Immunology and Serology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Kamil Krzykawski
- Silesia LabMed: Centre for Research and Implementation, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Mielczarek-Palacz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Robert Kubina
- Silesia LabMed: Centre for Research and Implementation, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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Munnangi SR, Youssef AAA, Narala N, Lakkala P, Narala S, Vemula SK, Repka M. Drug complexes: Perspective from Academic Research and Pharmaceutical Market. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1519-1540. [PMID: 37138135 PMCID: PMC10156076 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous research efforts, drug delivery through the oral route remains a major challenge to formulation scientists. The oral delivery of drugs poses a significant challenge because more than 40% of new chemical entities are practically insoluble in water. Low aqueous solubility is the main problem encountered during the formulation development of new actives and for generic development. A complexation approach has been widely investigated to address this issue, which subsequently improves the bioavailability of these drugs. This review discusses the various types of complexes such as metal complex (drug-metal ion), organic molecules (drug-caffeine or drug-hydrophilic polymer), inclusion complex (drug-cyclodextrin), and pharmacosomes (drug-phospholipids) that improves the aqueous solubility, dissolution, and permeability of the drug along with the numerous case studies reported in the literature. Besides improving solubility, drug-complexation provides versatile functions like improving stability, reducing the toxicity of drugs, increasing or decreasing the dissolution rate, and enhancing bioavailability and biodistribution. Apart, various methods to predict the stoichiometric ratio of reactants and the stability of the developed complex are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Ram Munnangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Nagarjuna Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Preethi Lakkala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Michael Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA.
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA.
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Ghafaripour H, Homayouni Tabrizi M, Karimi E, Barati Naeeni N. Lawsone encapsulated polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles modified with chitosan-folic acid successfully inhibited cell growth and triggered apoptosis in Panc-1 cancer cells. IET Nanobiotechnol 2023. [PMID: 37191102 PMCID: PMC10374556 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research aims to encapsulate lawsone in polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles modified with folic acid (FA) and chitosan (CS) to study its anticancer effects against Panc-1 cells. The nanoparticles were analysed in means of shape/size and zeta potential index using scanning electron microscope and dynamic light scattering. High-performance liquid chromatography was applied to evaluate the lawsone entrapment efficacy. The authors performed acridine orange/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry to monitor apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. The expressions of apoptosis-related genes (BAX and BCL-2) were assessed by real time PCR. Nanoparticle antioxidative and antibacterial activities were examined by DPPH/ABTS scavenging assay, disk diffusion method, and minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration evaluation. The NPs were 229.65 nm, the encapsulation efficiency was 81%. The concentration of lawsone that exerts 50% cell growth inhibition (IC50 ) against Panc-1 cells was calculated 118.4 μL. Apoptosis induction was evidenced by the increased number of orange cells and increased proportion of cells in G1-Sub phase respectively. Moreover, lawsone-loaded nanoparticle upregulated BAX gene expression, while downregulated BCL2expression, suggesting the activation of apoptotic pathway. The observed cytotoxic/apoptotic properties suggest that Lawson-loaded PLGA-FA-CS-NPs hold a great potential in pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia Ghafaripour
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Karimi
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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Imarah AA, Jabir MS, Abood AH, Sulaiman GM, Albukhaty S, Mohammed HA, Khan RA, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Al-Azzawi WK, A Najm MA, Jawad SF. Graphene oxide-induced, reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial dysfunctions and apoptosis: high-dose toxicity in normal cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:875-887. [PMID: 37470184 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The cytotoxic effects of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) using MTT assays, observance of apoptotic markers, and oxidative stress were outlined. Materials & methods: Rat embryonic fibroblasts (REFs) and human epithelial breast cells (HBLs) were used at 250, 500 and 750 μg/ml concentrations. Results: Significant cytotoxic and apoptotic effects were observed. Analyses of CYP2E1 and malondialdehyde concentrations in REF and HBL-100 cell lines after exposing to GONPs confirmed the nanomaterials toxicity. However, the glutathione levels in REF and HBL-100 cell lines showed a substantial reduction compared with the control. The cytochrome CYP2E1, glutathione, malondialdehyde and caspase-3 alterations provided a plausible interlinked relationship. Conclusion: The study confirmed the GONPs cytotoxic effects on REF and HBL-100 cell lines. The outcome suggested caution in wide-spread applications of GONPs, which could have implications for occupational health also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer A Imarah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Kufa 540011, Iraq
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq
| | - Ali H Abood
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Kufa 540011, Iraq
| | - Ghassan M Sulaiman
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq
| | - Salim Albukhaty
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Misan, Maysan 62001, Iraq
| | - Hamdoon A Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Riaz A Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medicine and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, PO Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medicine and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, PO Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Mazin A A Najm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar 64001, Iraq
| | - Sabrean F Jawad
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
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11
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Thapa R, Afzal O, Alfawaz Altamimi AS, Goyal A, Almalki WH, Alzarea SI, Kazmi I, Jakhmola V, Singh SK, Dua K, Gilhotra R, Gupta G. Galangin as an inflammatory response modulator: An updated overview and therapeutic potential. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 378:110482. [PMID: 37044286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Numerous chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and gastrointestinal disorders, all have an inflammation-based etiology. In cellular and animal models of inflammation, flavonols were used to show potent anti-inflammatory activity. The flavonols enhanced the synthesis of the anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and reduced the synthesis of the prostaglandins IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), IL-1. Galangin (GAL), a natural flavonol, has a strong ability to control apoptosis and inflammation. GAL was discovered to suppress extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)p65 phosphorylation, which results in anti-inflammatory actions. Arthritis, inflammatory bronchitis, stroke, and cognitive dysfunction have all been treated with GAL. The current review aimed to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory properties of GAL and their protective effects in treating various chronic illnesses, including those of the heart, brain, skin, lungs, liver, and inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, U.P, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Vikash Jakhmola
- Uttaranchal Institute of pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW, 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ritu Gilhotra
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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Xiong Y, Wu B, Guo X, Shi D, Xia H, Xu H, Liu X. Galangin delivered by retinoic acid-modified nanoparticles targeted hepatic stellate cells for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:10987-11001. [PMID: 37033441 PMCID: PMC10077338 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07561j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a chronic hepatic pathological process induced by various liver injuries, with few available therapies. Previous research studies revealed that HF is characterized by the accumulation of excess extracellular matrix in the liver, mainly overexpressed by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Therefore, HSC have been targeted in clinical trials for the management of HF. The aim of the present study was to develop an anti-HF drug delivery system with acrylic resin (Eudragit® RS100, Eud RS100) nanoparticles (NPs) through modification by retinoic acid (RA), modified for binding the retinol-binding protein reporter (RBPR) in HSC. Galangin (GA), is a multiple effects flavonoid which has demonstrated an anti-HF effect in our previous studies. In this study, GA was utilized for the treatment of HF. The results revealed that the NPs were well formed (diameter: 70 nm), spherical in shape, and exhibited uniform distribution and a high encapsulation efficiency. Moreover, a prominent controlled release effect and a significant increase in bioavailability was observed following the encapsulation of GA in NPs. These findings indicated that the limitation of low bioavailability due to the hydrophobic feature of GA was overcome. Furthermore, the pharmacodynamics studies demonstrated that NPs could drastically influence the anti-HF effects of GA after modification with retinoic acid. The results of the present study suggested that retinoic acid-modified GA NPs represent a promising candidate in the development of an anti-HF drug delivery system for the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanguo Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060 China
- School of Pharmaceuticals, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 HuangJiahu Road West Wuhan 430065 China +86 27 68890239
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan 442000 China
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Jiefang Road 238 Wuhan 430060 China +86 27 88041911 +86 27 88041911
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University Jiefang Road 238 Wuhan 430060 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology Wuhan 430060 China
| | - Xianxi Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060 China
| | - Dong Shi
- School of Pharmaceuticals, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 HuangJiahu Road West Wuhan 430065 China +86 27 68890239
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Jiefang Road 238 Wuhan 430060 China +86 27 88041911 +86 27 88041911
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University Jiefang Road 238 Wuhan 430060 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology Wuhan 430060 China
| | - Hanlin Xu
- School of Pharmaceuticals, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 HuangJiahu Road West Wuhan 430065 China +86 27 68890239
| | - Xiaoxiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Jiefang Road 238 Wuhan 430060 China +86 27 88041911 +86 27 88041911
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University Jiefang Road 238 Wuhan 430060 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology Wuhan 430060 China
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Soni A, Bhandari MP, Tripathi GK, Bundela P, Khiriya PK, Khare PS, Kashyap MK, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Sundaramurthy S, Suresh A, Pérez de la Lastra JM. Nano-biotechnology in tumour and cancerous disease: A perspective review. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:737-762. [PMID: 36840363 PMCID: PMC10002932 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, drug manufacturers and researchers have begun to consider the nanobiotechnology approach to improve the drug delivery system for tumour and cancer diseases. In this article, we review current strategies to improve tumour and cancer drug delivery, which mainly focuses on sustaining biocompatibility, biodistribution, and active targeting. The conventional therapy using cornerstone drugs such as fludarabine, cisplatin etoposide, and paclitaxel has its own challenges especially not being able to discriminate between tumour versus normal cells which eventually led to toxicity and side effects in the patients. In contrast to the conventional approach, nanoparticle-based drug delivery provides target-specific delivery and controlled release of the drug, which provides a better therapeutic window for treatment options by focusing on the eradication of diseased cells via active targeting and sparing normal cells via passive targeting. Additionally, treatment of tumours associated with the brain is hampered by the impermeability of the blood-brain barriers to the drugs, which eventually led to poor survival in the patients. Nanoparticle-based therapy offers superior delivery of drugs to the target by breaching the blood-brain barriers. Herein, we provide an overview of the properties of nanoparticles that are crucial for nanotechnology applications. We address the potential future applications of nanobiotechnology targeting specific or desired areas. In particular, the use of nanomaterials, biostructures, and drug delivery methods for the targeted treatment of tumours and cancer are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambikesh Soni
- School of Nanotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Gagan Kant Tripathi
- School of Nanotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, India
| | - Priyavand Bundela
- School of Nanotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Purnima Swarup Khare
- School of Nanotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Haryana, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bathinda, India
| | - Suresh Sundaramurthy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, India
| | - Arisutha Suresh
- Department of Energy, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology & M/s Eco Science & Technology, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, India
| | - José M Pérez de la Lastra
- Biotecnología de macromoléculas, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, (IPNA-CSIC), San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
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14
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Galangin-Loaded Gold Nanoparticles: Molecular Mechanisms of Antiangiogenesis Properties in Breast Cancer. Int J Breast Cancer 2023; 2023:3251211. [PMID: 36844680 PMCID: PMC9950320 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3251211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is important for tissue during normal physiological processes as well as in a number of diseases, including cancer. Drug resistance is one of the largest difficulties to antiangiogenesis therapy. Due to their lower cytotoxicity and stronger pharmacological advantage, phytochemical anticancer medications have a number of advantages over chemical chemotherapeutic drugs. In the current study, the effectiveness of AuNPs, AuNPs-GAL, and free galangin as an antiangiogenesis agent was evaluated. Different physicochemical and molecular approaches have been used including the characterization, cytotoxicity, scratch wound healing assay, and gene expression of VEGF and ERKI in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. Results obtained from MTT assay show cell growth reduction in a time- and dose-dependent aspect; also, in comparison to individual treatment, a synergistic impact was indicated. CAM assay results demonstrated galangin-gold nanoparticle capacity to suppress angiogenesis in chick embryo. Additionally, altering VEGF and ERKI gene expression was recorded. Taken together, all the results can conclude that galangin-conjugated gold nanoparticles can be a promising antiangiogenesis supplemental drug in breast cancer treatment.
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Sahadat Hossain M, Uddin MN, Jahan SA, Ahmed S. Synthesis and characterization of nano crystallite plaster of Paris prepared from waste eggshells and exploration of cytotoxicity, hemolysis and antimicrobial properties. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1057-1067. [PMID: 36625136 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02392j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Plaster of Paris, a well-known biomaterial, was synthesized from waste eggshells, which were chosen as an available bio-source of calcium. The produced plaster of Paris was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and SEM images along with a few crystallographic parameters such as crystallite size (Scherrer equation and different model equations), lattice parameters, crystallinity index, the volume of the unit cell, microstrain, dislocation density, growth preference, and residual stress from the XRD-sin2 Ψ technique. The biomedical competency of the prepared plaster of Paris was evaluated utilizing the cytotoxicity, hemolysis, and antimicrobial activity of E. coli and S. aureus. The cytotoxicity assessment has revealed that the percentages of viable cells were 93-98% and a highly hemocompatible nature (<5%) was exerted by the sample. The plaster of Paris only revealed antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus), and no effect was noticed for Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli).
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahadat Hossain
- Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Najem Uddin
- BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shirin Akter Jahan
- Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Samina Ahmed
- Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh. .,BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
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Kostrzewa T, Nowak I, Feliczak-Guzik A, Drzeżdżon J, Jacewicz D, Górska-Ponikowska M, Kuban-Jankowska A. Encapsulated Oxovanadium(IV) and Dioxovanadium(V) Complexes into Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Increase Cytotoxicity Against MDA-MB-231 Cell Line. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:2507-2523. [PMID: 37197025 PMCID: PMC10184862 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s403689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have been considered lately as promising drug delivery system in treatment of many human diseases including cancers. We previously studied potential drug compounds that were effective inhibitors of PTP1B phosphatase - possible target for breast cancer treatment. Based on our studies, two complexes were selected for encapsulation into the SLNs, the compound 1 ([VO(dipic)(dmbipy)] · 2 H2O) and compound 2 ([VOO(dipic)](2-phepyH) · H2O). Here, we investigate the effect of encapsulation of those compounds on cell cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. The study also included the stability evaluation of the obtained nanocarriers with incorporated active substances and characterization of their lipid matrix. Moreover, the cell cytotoxicity studies against the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line in comparison and in combination with vincristine have been performed. Wound healing assay was carried out to observe cell migration rate. Methods The properties of the SLNs such as particle size, zeta potential (ZP), and polydispersity index (PDI) were investigated. The morphology of SLNs was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the crystallinity of the lipid particles was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The cell cytotoxicity of complexes and their encapsulated forms was carried out against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line using standard MTT protocols. The wound healing assay was performed using live imaging microscopy. Results SLNs with a mean size of 160 ± 25 nm, a ZP of -34.00 ± 0.5, and a polydispersity index of 30 ± 5% were obtained. Encapsulated forms of compounds showed significantly higher cytotoxicity also in co-incubation with vincristine. Moreover, our research shows that the best compound was complex 2 encapsulated into lipid nanoparticles. Conclusion We observed that encapsulation of studied complexes into SLNs increases their cell cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cell line and enhanced the effect of vincristine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kostrzewa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
- Correspondence: Tomasz Kostrzewa; Alicja Kuban-Jankowska, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland, Tel +48 58 349 14 50, Fax +48 58 349 14 56, Email ;
| | - Izabela Nowak
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Feliczak-Guzik
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Joanna Drzeżdżon
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Dagmara Jacewicz
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Magdalena Górska-Ponikowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
- IEMEST Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia, Palermo, 90127, Italy
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 70174, Germany
| | - Alicja Kuban-Jankowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
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