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Chen J, Lan H, Li C, Xie Y, Cheng X, Xia R, Ke C, Liang X. Gut microbial signatures of patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and their healthy relatives. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae118. [PMID: 38849305 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder, encompassing diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Here, we utilized 16S rDNA gene sequencing to identify potential microbial drivers of IBS-D. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 30 healthy relatives and 27 patients with IBS-D were recruited. Clinical data and fecal samples were collected from patients and controls. 16S rDNA gene sequencing was performed to obtain fecal bacterial data. Differences in community composition were evaluated utilizing analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare differences in taxa and functional pathways. Finally, the key gut microbiota was identified using the random forest algorithm. Gut microbiota diversity, estimated through the Observe, Chao1, and abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) indices, was significantly lower in the IBS-D patients than in the healthy relatives. ANOSIM analysis further confirmed significant differences in the composition of the gut microbiota between IBS-D patients and healthy relatives, with an R value of 0.106 and a P-value of 0.005. Notably, the IBS-D patients exhibited a significant enrichment of specific bacterial genera, including Fusicatenibacter, Streptococcus, and Klebsiella, which may possess potential pathogenic properties. In particular, the bacterial genus Klebsiella demonstrated a positive correlation with irritable bowel syndrome severity scoring system scores. Conversely, healthy subjects showed enrichment of bacterial genera such as Alistipes, Akkermansia, and Dialister, which may be beneficial bacteria in IBS-D. Utilizing the random forest model, we developed a discriminative model for IBS-D based on differential bacterial genera. This model exhibited impressive performance, with an area under the curve value of 0.90. Additionally, our analysis did not reveal any gender-specific differences in the microbiota community composition among IBS-D patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings offer preliminary insights into the potential relationship between intestinal microbiota and IBS-D. The identification model for IBS-D, grounded in gut microbiota, holds promising prospects for improving early diagnosis of IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Haibo Lan
- Department of Constipation, Chengdu Anorectal Hospital, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Chenmeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Yongli Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang 337000, China
| | - Xianhui Cheng
- Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Rongmu Xia
- Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361101, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Chunlin Ke
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Xuyang Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, China
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Sudak NL, Harry ML. Employee Dietary Initiative Improved Chronic Symptoms. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2024; 8:201-212. [PMID: 38596168 PMCID: PMC11000019 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
With the awareness that the Standard American Diet is a critical contributor to chronic diseases, this initiative aimed to assess the effects of a 28-day dietary challenge health care improvement project on health system employee energy level, sleep quality, gastrointestinal function, ability to concentrate, and aches/pains, including the impact of adherence level, during a period of restricted intake of gluten, dairy, and sugar offered annually from 2021 to 2023. A total of 754 employees completed the pre-challenge survey; analyses included 354 employees who completed both pre-challenge and post-challenge surveys in at least 1 year of this project. Wilcoxon signed rank tests compared presurvey and postsurvey responses to self-reported energy level, sleep quality, gastrointestinal function, ability to concentrate, and aches/pains. Analysis of variance with Tukey's honestly significant difference tests compared self-reported adherence level with change scores, with η2 representing effect size. In each challenge year, the mean rank levels of energy, sleep quality, gastrointestinal function, concentration, and aches/pains improved significantly between pre-surveys and post-surveys (all P<.001). Although an association between significant positive change and diet adherence level was found for all items in at least 1 challenge year, those who mostly or completely adhered to the challenge diet restrictions reported significantly greater positive change in energy levels and gastrointestinal symptoms than those who did not or minimally adhered in all challenge years, with small to medium effect sizes. In conclusion, Essentia Health's employee challenge appeared to improve self-reported outcomes in 5 symptom domains, with energy levels and gastrointestinal symptoms correlating most favorably to adherence to the challenge. These findings have health and cost implications, which could be confirmed by formal research in employee and other populations.
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Ferrari S, Mulè S, Parini F, Galla R, Ruga S, Rosso G, Brovero A, Molinari C, Uberti F. The influence of the gut-brain axis on anxiety and depression: A review of the literature on the use of probiotics. J Tradit Complement Med 2024; 14:237-255. [PMID: 38707924 PMCID: PMC11069002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aims to argue how using probiotics can improve anxiety and depressive behaviour without adverse effects, also exploring the impact of postbiotics on it. Specifically, probiotics have drawn more attention as effective alternative treatments, considering the rising cost of antidepressant and anti-anxiety drugs and the high risk of side effects. Depression and anxiety disorders are among the most common mental illnesses in the world's population, characterised by low mood, poor general interest, and cognitive or motor dysfunction. Thus, this study analysed published literature on anxiety, depression, and probiotic supplementation from PubMed and Scopus, focusing on the last twenty years. This study focused on the effect of probiotics on mental health as they have drawn more attention because of their extensive clinical applications and positive impact on various diseases. Numerous studies have demonstrated how the gut microbiota might be critical for mood regulation and how probiotics can affect host health by regulating the gut-brain axis. By comparing the different works analysed, it was possible to identify a strategy by which they are selected and employed and, at the same time, to assess how the effect of probiotics can be optimised using postbiotics, an innovation to improve mental well-being in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferrari
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via So-laroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Simone Mulè
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via So-laroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Parini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via So-laroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Rebecca Galla
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via So-laroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Noivita srls, spin Off, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Ruga
- Noivita srls, spin Off, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Giorgia Rosso
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via So-laroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Arianna Brovero
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via So-laroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Claudio Molinari
- Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, Italy
| | - Francesca Uberti
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via So-laroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
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Liu T, Asif IM, Chen Y, Zhang M, Li B, Wang L. The Relationship between Diet, Gut Mycobiome, and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Evidence, Doubts, and Prospects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300382. [PMID: 38659179 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Gut fungi are important parts of intestinal microbes. Dietary ingredients have the potential to regulate the structure of gut fungi in different directions and modulate mycobiome composition by changing dietary patterns, which have been applied to neurological disorders. Emerging pieces of evidence have revealed the regulatory functions of gut mycobiome in gastrointestinal diseases, but the relationships between gut fungi and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are ignored in the past. This review discusses the impact of dietary nutrients and patterns on mycobiome, and the possible ways in which gut fungi are involved in the pathogenesis of FGIDs. Besides affecting host immunity, intestinal fungi can be involved in the pathogenesis of FGIDs by endosymbiosis or bidirectional regulation with gut bacteria as well. In addition, the Mediterranean diet may be the most appropriate dietary pattern for subjects with FGIDs. A full understanding of these associations may have important implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of FGIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxu Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Ismail Muhammad Asif
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Meixue Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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Dai C, Huang YH, Jiang M. Fecal microbiota transplantation for irritable bowel syndrome: Current evidence and perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:2179-2183. [PMID: 38690018 PMCID: PMC11056919 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i16.2179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this editorial we comment on the article published in the recent issue of the World journal of Gastroenterology. We focus specifically on the mechanisms un-derlying the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the factors which affect the outcomes of FMT in IBS patients, and challenges. FMT has emerged as a efficacious intervention for clostridium difficile infection and holds promise as a therapeutic modality for IBS. The utilization of FMT in the treatment of IBS has undergone scrutiny in numerous randomized controlled trials, yielding divergent outcomes. The current frontier in this field seeks to elucidate these variations, underscore the existing knowledge gaps that necessitate exploration, and provide a guideline for successful FMT imple-mentation in IBS patients. At the same time, the application of FMT as a treatment for IBS confronts several challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu-Hong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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Ma X, Huan H, Liu C, Hu H, Ren T. Influence of ethnic origin on the clinical characteristics and intestinal flora of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective study between Han and Tibetan patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1359962. [PMID: 38638935 PMCID: PMC11024223 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1359962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have focused on the clinical characteristics and intestinal flora of Tibetan patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The study aimed to compare the difference of between Tibetan and Han patients with IBS. Methods Patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into the Tibet and Han groups. A simplified Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS)-based questionnaire was used to assess the IBS severity. Fecal samples from all subjects were collected for the analysis of gut microbiota using 16sRNA Illumina sequencing. Results No significant difference was found in the total symptom scores between two groups. However, Tibetans with IBS are more prone to bloating than Hans (17.41% vs 9.09%, p < 0.001). A profit shift in the gut microbiota was shown between the two groups. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was significantly lower in the Tibet group than in the Han group (2.954 ± 0.78 vs 8.23 ± 2.04, p = 0.004). In the Tibet group, the level of the genus Blautia decreased significantly compared to the Han group, and there was a significant negative correlation between the level of Blautia and the bloating scores (Pearson r = -0.33, p = 0.025). Conclusion The characteristics of Tibetan patients differ from those of Han patients with IBS, not only in terms of the clinical symptoms, but also in the characteristics of intestinal flora. Tibetans with IBS are more prone to bloating, which might be due to the different gut microbiota. The genus Blautia may play a role in this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Department of Pediatrics Gastroenterology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Huan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
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El-Salhy M, Hatlebakk JG. Factors Underlying the Difference in Response to Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Between IBS Patients with Severe and Moderate Symptoms. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:1336-1344. [PMID: 38446309 PMCID: PMC11026185 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that patients with Severe IBS respond better to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) than do those with Moderate IBS. AIMS The present study aimed to determine the effects of the transplant dose, route of administering it and repeating FMT on this difference. METHODS This study included 186 patients with IBS randomized 1:1:1 into groups with a 90-g transplant administered once to the colon (LI), once to the duodenum (SI), or twice to the distal duodenum twice (repeated SI). The patients provided a fecal sample and were asked to complete three questionnaires at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months after FMT. The fecal bacteria composition and Dysbiosis index were analyzed using 16 S rRNA gene PCR DNA amplification/probe hybridization covering regions V3-V9. RESULTS There was no difference in the response rates between severe IBS and moderate IBS for SI and repeated SI at all observation intervals after FMT. In the LI group, the response rate at 3 months after FMT was higher for moderate IBS than for severe IBS. The levels of Dorea spp. were higher and those of Streptococcus salivarius subsp. Thermophilus, Alistipes spp., Bacteroides and Prevotella spp., Parabacteroides johnsoni and Parabacteroides spp. were lower in moderate IBS than in severe IBS. CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in the response to FMT between severe and moderate IBS when a 90-g transplant was administered to the small intestine. The difference in the bacterial profile between severe and moderate IBS may explain the difference in symptoms between these patients. ( www. CLINICALTRIALS gov : NCT04236843).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy El-Salhy
- Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna, Tysevegen 64, Stord, 1654, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- National Centre for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- National Centre for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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El-Salhy M, Gilja OH, Hatlebakk JG. Increasing the transplant dose and repeating faecal microbiota transplantation results in the responses of male patients with IBS reaching those of females. Scand J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:391-400. [PMID: 38084725 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2292479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) performed with a proper protocol is a safe treatment for IBS that has high efficacy and durable effects. Females have been reported to respond better than males to FMT. The present study aimed at determining whether increasing the transplant dose or repeating FMT improve the responses of males to FMT. METHODS This study included 186 IBS patients (131 females and 55 males) who were randomized at a 1:1:1 ratio to receive 90 g of donor faeces once into the large intestine, once into the small intestine or twice into the small intestine. Patients completed five questionnaires that assessed their symptoms and quality of life, and provided faecal samples at baseline and at 3, 6 and 12 months after FMT. The faecal bacterial profile and dysbiosis index were determined using 16S rRNA gene PCR DNA amplification covering variable genes V3-V9. RESULTS The response rates to FMT at all observation times did not differ significantly between females and males regardless of the transplant administration route or whether it was repeated. Faecal Alistipes levels were higher in females than in males at baseline and increased in both females and males after FMT. In the repeated group, the Alistipes levels did not differ between females and males after FMT. CONCLUSIONS Increasing the transplant dose and repeating FMT results in the responses of male IBS patients to FMT reaching those of females regardless of the administration route. Alistipes spp. levels appear to play a role in this improvement.www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04236843).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy El-Salhy
- Department of Medicine, Stord Hospital, Stord, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Odd Helge Gilja
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Yersin S, Vonaesch P. Small intestinal microbiota: from taxonomic composition to metabolism. Trends Microbiol 2024:S0966-842X(24)00056-8. [PMID: 38503579 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The small intestinal microbiota (SIM) is essential for gastrointestinal health, influencing digestion, immune modulation, and nutrient metabolism. Unlike the colonic microbiota, the SIM has been poorly characterized due to sampling challenges and ethical considerations. Current evidence suggests that the SIM consists of five core genera and additional segment-specific taxa. These bacteria closely interact with the human host, regulating nutrient absorption and metabolism. Recent work suggests the presence of two forms of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, one dominated by oral bacteria (SIOBO) and a second dominated by coliform bacteria. Less invasive sampling techniques, omics approaches, and mechanistic studies will allow a more comprehensive understanding of the SIM, paving the way for interventions engineering the SIM towards better health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Yersin
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Vonaesch
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Saei Ghare Naz M, Ghasemi V, Amirshekari S, Ramezani Tehrani F. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Is There a Common Pathway? Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2024; 7:e00477. [PMID: 38494583 PMCID: PMC10944984 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about how polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is linked to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study aimed to review the existing literature regarding the association between PCOS or its symptoms and complications with IBS. METHODS In this review, studies that investigated the proposed cross-link between features of PCOS and IBS were included. This review collectively focused on recent findings on the mechanism and novel insight regarding the association between IBS and PCOS in future clinical practice. An electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, Epistemonikos, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar was performed. We did not restrict the study setting and publication date. RESULTS The existing evidence has not completely answered the question of whether there is an association between PCOS and IBS and vice versa. Six case-control studies (793 women with PCOS and 547 women in the control group) directly assessed the association between PCOS and IBS. The prevalence of IBS among women with PCOS in these studies has ranged from 10% to 52% compared with 5%-50% in control groups. Evidence suggested the common pathways may have contributed to the interaction between IBS and PCOS, including metabolic syndrome, sex hormone fluctuation, dysregulation of neurotransmitters, psychological problems and environmental and lifestyle factors. To date, it is still ambiguous which of the mentioned components largely contributes to the pathogenesis of both. CONCLUSION Although limited evidence has shown a higher prevalence of IBS in women with PCOS, there are several potential, direct and common indirect pathways contributing to the development of both IBS and PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Shabahang Amirshekari
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- The Foundation for Research & Education ExcellenceVestavia HillsAlabamaUSA
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Blonska A, Chojnacki M, Macieja A, Blasiak J, Majsterek I, Chojnacki J, Poplawski T. Tryptophan Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women with Functional Constipation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:273. [PMID: 38203444 PMCID: PMC10778582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Constipation belongs to conditions commonly reported by postmenopausal women, but the mechanism behind this association is not fully known. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between some metabolites of tryptophan (TRP) and the occurrence and severity of abdominal symptoms (Rome IV) in postmenopausal women with functional constipation (FC, n = 40) as compared with age-adjusted postmenopausal women without FC. All women controlled their TRP intake in their daily diet. Urinary levels of TRP and its metabolites, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), kynurenine (KYN), and 3-indoxyl sulfate (indican, 3-IS), were determined by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Dysbiosis was assessed by a hydrogen-methane breath test. Women with FC consumed less TRP and had a lower urinary level of 5-HIAA, but higher levels of KYN and 3-IS compared with controls. The severity of symptoms showed a negative correlation with the 5-HIAA level, and a positive correlation with the 3-IS level. In conclusion, changes in TRP metabolism may contribute to FC in postmenopausal women, and dysbiosis may underlie this contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Blonska
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcin Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Anna Macieja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Plock, 09-402 Plock, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jan Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Tomasz Poplawski
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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12
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Qiu B, Shen Z, Yang D, Qin X, Ren W, Wang Q. Gut microbiota and common gastrointestinal diseases: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomized study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1273269. [PMID: 38045030 PMCID: PMC10691374 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1273269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several recent studies have shown an association between gut microbiota and gastrointestinal diseases. However, the causal relationship between gut microbiota and gastrointestinal disorders is unclear. Methods We assessed causal relationships between gut microbiota and eight common gastrointestinal diseases using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. IVW results were considered primary results. Cochrane's Q and MR-Egger tests were used to test for heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Leave-one-out was used to test the stability of the MR results, and Bonferroni correction was used to test the strength of the causal relationship between exposure and outcome. Results MR analyses of 196 gut microbiota and eight common gastrointestinal disease phenotypes showed 62 flora and common gastrointestinal diseases with potential causal relationships. Among these potential causal relationships, after the Bonferroni-corrected test, significant causal relationships remained between Genus Oxalobacter and CD (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.13-1.48, p = 2.5 × 10-4, q = 4.20 × 10-4), and between Family Clostridiaceae1 and IBS (OR = 0.9967, 95% CI: 0.9944-0.9991, p = 1.3 × 10-3, q = 1.56 × 10-3). Cochrane's Q-test showed no significant heterogeneity among the various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In addition, no significant level of pleiotropy was found according to the MR-Egger. Conclusion This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of gut microbiota-mediated gastrointestinal disorders and some guidance for targeting specific gut microbiota for treating gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binxu Qiu
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zixiong Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinxin Qin
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyong Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Dogra S, Oneto C, Sherman A, Varughese R, Yuen A, Sherman I, Cohen A, Luo Y, Chen LA. Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for C. difficile Infections Across Academic and Private Clinical Settings. J Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 57:1024-1030. [PMID: 36227005 PMCID: PMC10102254 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is increasingly performed for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), although long-term efficacy and safety data are limited and are focused on results from academic medical centers rather than private settings where most patients receive care. METHODS Medical records of 165 patients who received FMTs for CDI were reviewed from an academic medical center and an adjacent, unaffiliated private practice. Of these patients, 68 also completed a survey regarding their long-term disease course and interval health. RESULTS CDI resolution occurred in 81.3% (100/123) at the academic center and 95.2% (40/42) in the private setting. Private practice patients were more likely to present with recurrent, rather than refractory, CDI (92.9% vs. 66.7% P <0.001). Those from the academic center were more likely to have comorbid IBD, recent hospitalization, recent proton pump inhibitor use, ongoing immunosuppression, and inpatient FMT (all P values <0.05).Among surveyed patients, 29.4% developed interval comorbidities or changes to pre-existing conditions after a median follow-up of 33.7 months (IQR 13.2 to 44.3 mo). Of 30 patients requiring subsequent antibiotics, 13.3% suffered CDI relapse. All subjects who had initially responded to FMT but had a subsequent CDI (17.9%, 10/56) responded to another FMT. CONCLUSIONS In a real-world setting, patients who underwent FMT at academic centers differed significantly in clinical characteristics from those treated at a private practice. In both settings, FMT is an effective treatment for CDI not responding to standard therapies, even after subsequent antibiotic use. New diagnoses following FMT, however, are common and merit further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhant Dogra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Caterina Oneto
- Manhattan Clinical Research, LLC, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alex Sherman
- Manhattan Clinical Research, LLC, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Alexa Yuen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Isabel Sherman
- Manhattan Clinical Research, LLC, New York, New York, USA
| | - Avi Cohen
- Manhattan Clinical Research, LLC, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuying Luo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lea Ann Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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14
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Laudani S, Grosso G. Gut-liver axis: may prebiotics play a role? Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:719-720. [PMID: 37905392 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2274274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Laudani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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15
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Tang H, Chen X, Huang S, Yin G, Wang X, Shen G. Targeting the gut-microbiota-brain axis in irritable bowel disease to improve cognitive function - recent knowledge and emerging therapeutic opportunities. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:763-773. [PMID: 36757367 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The brain-gut axis forms a bidirectional communication system between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and cognitive brain areas. Disturbances to this system in disease states such as inflammatory bowel disease have consequences for neuronal activity and subsequent cognitive function. The gut-microbiota-brain axis refers to the communication between gut-resident bacteria and the brain. This circuits exists to detect gut microorganisms and relay information to specific areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that in turn, regulate gut physiology. Changes in both the stability and diversity of the gut microbiota have been implicated in several neuronal disorders, including depression, autism spectrum disorder Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Correcting this imbalance with medicinal herbs, the metabolic products of dysregulated bacteria and probiotics have shown hope for the treatment of these neuronal disorders. In this review, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of the intricate connections between the gut-microbiota and the brain. We discuss the contribution of gut microbiota to neuronal disorders and the tangible links between diseases of the GI tract with cognitive function and behaviour. In this regard, we focus on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) given its strong links to brain function and anxiety disorders. This adds to the growing body of evidence supporting targeted therapeutic strategies to modulate the gut microbiota for the treatment of brain/mental-health-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyong Tang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qianjiang Road, 230012 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- School of Acupuncture and Massage, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 230012 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shun Huang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qianjiang Road, 230012 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Xin'an School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 230012 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiyang Wang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qianjiang Road, 230012 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guoming Shen
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qianjiang Road, 230012 Hefei, Anhui, China
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16
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Pop D, Pop RS, Farcău D. The Use of Fibers, Herbal Medicines and Spices in Children with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4351. [PMID: 37892426 PMCID: PMC10610290 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome in children involves multiple factors. Thus, treatment options are variable, targeting both diet and the child's and parents' behavior via pharmacological and psychological interventions or neuromodulation. Parents are increasingly interested in complementary and alternative therapies for children with irritable bowel syndrome, especially when other treatments have been tried without relieving the child's symptoms. This paper examines current evidence for the benefits and side effects of herbal remedies and spices in pediatric patients with IBS. The benefits of peppermint oil, STW5, psyllium fiber, Curcuma, ginger, and other herbal medicines are discussed based on findings in the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pop
- Third Pediatric Discipline, Mother and Child Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400217 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Third Pediatric Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, 400217 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Samuel Pop
- Third Pediatric Discipline, Mother and Child Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400217 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dorin Farcău
- Third Pediatric Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, 400217 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Nursing Discipline, Mother and Child Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400089 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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17
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Sun S, Chen J, Li H, Lou Y, Chen L, Lv B. Patients' perspectives on irritable bowel syndrome: a qualitative analysis based on social media in China. Qual Life Res 2023; 32:2561-2571. [PMID: 37093542 PMCID: PMC10123591 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the perspectives, experience, and concerns of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in China. METHODS We used data mining to investigate posts shared in Baidu Tieba concerned with IBS; we collected the data through the crawler code, and mined the cleaned data's themes based on Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and the Grounded theory. RESULTS We found 5746 network posts related to IBS. LDA analysis generated 20 topics, and grounded theory analysis established eight topics. Combining the two methods, we finally arranged the topics according to five concepts: difficulty in obtaining disease information; serious psychosocial problems; dissatisfied with the treatment; lack of social support; and low quality of life. CONCLUSION Social media research improved patient-centric understanding of patients' experiences and perceptions. Our study may facilitate doctor-patient communication and assist in the formulation of medical policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijie Lou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Nursing College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China.
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18
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Radziszewska M, Smarkusz-Zarzecka J, Ostrowska L. Nutrition, Physical Activity and Supplementation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients 2023; 15:3662. [PMID: 37630852 PMCID: PMC10459186 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic, recurrent functional disorder of the intestine diagnosed based on the Rome IV criteria. Individuals suffering from IBS often associate the severity of their symptoms with the food they consume, leading them to limit the variety of foods they eat and seek information that could help them determine the appropriate selection of dietary items. Clear nutritional recommendations have not been established thus far. NICE recommends a rational approach to nutrition and, if necessary, the short-term implementation of a low FODMAP diet. Currently, the FODMAP diet holds the greatest significance among IBS patients, although it does not yield positive results for everyone affected. Other unconventional diets adopted by individuals with IBS lack supporting research on their effectiveness and may additionally lead to a deterioration in nutritional status, as they often eliminate foods with high nutritional value. The role of physical activity also raises questions, as previous studies have shown its beneficial effects on the physical and mental well-being of every individual, and it can further help alleviate symptoms among people with IBS. Supplementation can be a supportive element in therapy. Attention is drawn to the use of probiotics, vitamin D, and psyllium husk/ispaghula. This review aims to analyze the existing scientific research to determine the impact of various food items, physical activity, and dietary supplementation with specific components through dietary supplements on the course of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina Radziszewska
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mieszka I 4B, 15-054 Bialystok, Poland; (J.S.-Z.); (L.O.)
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19
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Chaudhry TS, Senapati SG, Gadam S, Mannam HPSS, Voruganti HV, Abbasi Z, Abhinav T, Challa AB, Pallipamu N, Bheemisetty N, Arunachalam SP. The Impact of Microbiota on the Gut-Brain Axis: Examining the Complex Interplay and Implications. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5231. [PMID: 37629273 PMCID: PMC10455396 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The association and interaction between the central nervous system (CNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS) is well established. Essentially ENS is the second brain, as we call it. We tried to understand the structure and function, to throw light on the functional aspect of neurons, and address various disease manifestations. We summarized how various neurological disorders influence the gut via the enteric nervous system and/or bring anatomical or physiological changes in the enteric nervous system or the gut and vice versa. It is known that stress has an effect on Gastrointestinal (GI) motility and causes mucosal erosions. In our literature review, we found that stress can also affect sensory perception in the central nervous system. Interestingly, we found that mutations in the neurohormone, serotonin (5-HT), would result in dysfunctional organ development and further affect mood and behavior. We focused on the developmental aspects of neurons and cognition and their relation to nutritional absorption via the gastrointestinal tract, the development of neurodegenerative disorders in relation to the alteration in gut microbiota, and contrariwise associations between CNS disorders and ENS. This paper further summarizes the synergetic relation between gastrointestinal and neuropsychological manifestations and emphasizes the need to include behavioral therapies in management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Srikanth Gadam
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.G.); (N.P.)
| | - Hari Priya Sri Sai Mannam
- GIH Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (GAIL), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (H.P.S.S.M.); (H.V.V.); (Z.A.); (T.A.); (N.B.)
| | - Hima Varsha Voruganti
- GIH Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (GAIL), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (H.P.S.S.M.); (H.V.V.); (Z.A.); (T.A.); (N.B.)
| | - Zainab Abbasi
- GIH Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (GAIL), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (H.P.S.S.M.); (H.V.V.); (Z.A.); (T.A.); (N.B.)
| | - Tushar Abhinav
- GIH Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (GAIL), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (H.P.S.S.M.); (H.V.V.); (Z.A.); (T.A.); (N.B.)
| | | | - Namratha Pallipamu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.G.); (N.P.)
| | - Niharika Bheemisetty
- GIH Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (GAIL), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (H.P.S.S.M.); (H.V.V.); (Z.A.); (T.A.); (N.B.)
| | - Shivaram P. Arunachalam
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.G.); (N.P.)
- GIH Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (GAIL), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (H.P.S.S.M.); (H.V.V.); (Z.A.); (T.A.); (N.B.)
- Microwave Engineering and Imaging Laboratory (MEIL), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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20
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Jayasinghe M, Damianos JA, Prathiraja O, Oorloff MD, Nagalmulla K GM, Nadella A, Caldera D, Mohtashim A. Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Treating the Gut and Brain/Mind at the Same Time. Cureus 2023; 15:e43404. [PMID: 37706135 PMCID: PMC10496425 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in the world. Although IBS does not affect a person's life span, it can significantly influence their quality of life. The treatment of IBS should be tailored to each patient's specific symptomatology because it can often be difficult to manage. Given that the pathogenesis of IBS is not well understood, it places a tremendous load on healthcare resources. Over the years, IBS has been described as either a simple GI disorder or a more complex multi-symptomatic gut-brain axis disorder. Many persons with IBS have psychological issues in addition to gastrointestinal symptoms, offering the door to non-pharmacological therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy, gut-directed hypnosis, or psychodynamic interpersonal therapy. Non-pharmacological therapies with no side effects should be used as first-line therapy. Diet, exercise, microbiota-targeted therapies, and psychological treatments are among the most significant interventions. This review goes into the details of all the non-pharmacological interventions that can be used to treat IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John A Damianos
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
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21
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Kriger-Sharabi O, Malnick SDH, Fisher D. Manipulation of the intestinal microbiome-a slow journey to primetime. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:4975-4988. [PMID: 37583860 PMCID: PMC10424025 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i21.4975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has important functions in the regulation of normal body functions. Alterations of the microbiota are being increasingly linked to various disease states. The microbiome has been manipulated via the administration of stool from animals or humans, for more than 1000 years. Currently, fecal microbiota transplantation can be performed via endoscopic administration of fecal matter to the duodenum or colon or via capsules of lyophilized stools. More recently fecal microbial transplantation has been shown to be very effective for recurrent Clostridoides difficile infection (CDI). In addition there is some evidence of efficacy in the metabolic syndrome and its hepatic manifestation, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We review the current literature regarding the microbiome and the pathogenesis and treatment of CDI, MAFLD, IBS and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofra Kriger-Sharabi
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Assuta Medical Center, Ashdod 7747629, Israel
| | - Stephen D H Malnick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - David Fisher
- Department of Endocrinology, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva POB 151, Israel
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22
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Liu Q, Zhu Y, Wang W, Dong Y. Clinical efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy combined with pinaverium bromide tablets on irritable bowel syndrome. Pak J Med Sci 2023; 39:1013-1017. [PMID: 37492283 PMCID: PMC10364284 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.39.4.6994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy combined with pinaverium bromide tablets in admitted patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods This is a retrospective study. A total of 60 patients with IBS admitted to Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine between June 2021 and June 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the control group were treated with pinaverium bromide tablets, and those in the observation group were treated with cognitive behavior therapy combined with pinaverium bromide tablets. The improvement of clinical symptoms and quality of life before and after treatment was compared for the two groups, IBS-SSS scale and IBS-QOL scale were used to compare the improvement of clinical symptoms and quality of life between the two groups of patients before and after treatment. SAS score and SDS score were used to evaluate the psychology of the two groups. Adverse reactions occurring during the treatment were recorded, such as nausea and vomiting, dizziness and headache, etc. Results The efficacy of the observation group was higher than that of the control group and the difference was significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the IBS-SSS score in the observation group and the control group decreased and the IBS-QOL score increased. The SDS score and SAS score in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P< 0.05). After treatment, there was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the observation group and the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion Cognitive behavioral therapy combined with pinaverium bromide tablets is significantly effective in the treatment of patients with IBS, which can effectively relieve symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal pain, and reduce irritable bowel reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxi Liu
- Quanxi Liu, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Digestive, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Yan Zhu, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Digestive, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Wei Wang, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Digestive, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yongli Dong
- Yongli Dong, Wang Jing Hospital of CACMS, Scientific Research Office, Beijing 100102, China
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23
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Dale HF, Lorentzen SCS, Mellin-Olsen T, Valeur J. Diet-microbiota interaction in irritable bowel syndrome: looking beyond the low-FODMAP approach. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:1366-1377. [PMID: 37384386 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2228955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet is one of the main modulators of the gut microbiota, and dietary patterns are decisive for gut-microbiota-related diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The low-FODMAP diet (LFD) is commonly used to treat IBS, but its long-term effects on microbiota, symptoms and quality of life (QoL) are unclear. Alternative dietary strategies promoting beneficial gut microbiota, combined with reduced symptoms and improved QoL, are therefore of interest. AIMS To review current evidence on the diet-microbiota-interaction as a modulator of IBS pathophysiology, and dietary management of IBS, with particular emphasis on strategies targeting the gut microbiota, beyond the LFD. METHODS Literature was identified through PubMed-searches with relevant keywords. RESULTS Dietary patterns with a low intake of processed foods and a high intake of plants, such as the Mediterranean diet, promote gut microbiota associated with beneficial health outcomes. In contrast, Western diets with a high intake of ultra-processed foods promote a microbiota associated with disease, including IBS. Increasing evidence points towards dietary strategies consistent with the Mediterranean diet being equal to the LFD in alleviating IBS-symptoms and having a less negative impact on QoL. Timing of food intake is suggested as a gut microbiota modulator, but little is known about its effects on IBS. CONCLUSIONS Dietary recommendations in IBS should aim to target the gut microbiota by focusing on improved dietary quality, considering the impact on both IBS-symptoms and QoL. Increased intake of whole foods combined with a regular meal pattern and limitation of ultra-processed foods can be beneficial strategies beyond the LFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Fjeldheim Dale
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Support, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Tonje Mellin-Olsen
- Department of Clinical Support, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Valeur
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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24
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Stribling P, Ibrahim F. Dietary fibre definition revisited - The case of low molecular weight carbohydrates. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 55:340-356. [PMID: 37202067 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Low molecular weight (LMW) non-digestible carbohydrates (namely, oligosaccharides and inulin) are accepted as dietary fibre in many countries worldwide. The inclusion of oligosaccharides as dietary fibre was made optional within the Codex Alimentarius definition in 2009, which has caused great controversy. Inulin is accepted as dietary fibre by default, due to being a non-digestible carbohydrate polymer. Oligosaccharides and inulin occur naturally in numerous foods and are frequently incorporated into commonly consumed food products for a variety of purposes, such as to increase dietary fibre content. LMW non-digestible carbohydrates, due to their rapid fermentation in the proximal colon, may cause deleterious effects in individuals with functional bowel disorders (FBDs) and, as such, are excluded on the low FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, and polyols) diet and similar protocols. Their addition to food products as dietary fibre allows the use of associated nutrition/health claims, causing a paradox for those with FBDs, which is further complicated by lack of clarity on food labelling. Therefore, this review aimed to discuss whether the inclusion of LMW non-digestible carbohydrates within the Codex definition of dietary fibre is warranted. This review provides justification for the exclusion of oligosaccharides and inulin from the Codex definition of dietary fibre. LMW non-digestible carbohydrates could, instead, be placed in their own category as prebiotics, recognised for their specific functional properties, or considered food additives, whereby they are not promoted for being beneficial for health. This would preserve the concept of dietary fibre being a universally beneficial dietary component for all individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Stribling
- UCL Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom.
| | - Fandi Ibrahim
- University of Suffolk, Life Sciences, Ipswich, IP4 1QJ, United Kingdom.
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Rosa CD, Altomare A, Terrigno V, Carbone F, Tack J, Cicala M, Guarino MPL. Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-C): Effects of Different Nutritional Patterns on Intestinal Dysbiosis and Symptoms. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071647. [PMID: 37049488 PMCID: PMC10096616 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain associated with defecation or a change in bowel habits. The pathogenesis of IBS is not completely clear, but it is known to be multifactorial and complex. Endogenous and exogenous factors such as abnormal GI motility, low-grade inflammation, increased epithelial permeability and visceral hypersensitivity, but diet and psychosocial aspects are also recognized as important actors. Furthermore, the interaction between diet and gut microbiota has gained interest as a potential contributor to the pathophysiology of IBS. To date, there is no specific diet for IBS with constipation (IBS-C); however, many studies show that fiber intake, especially soluble fiber such as inulin, could have a positive effect on symptoms. This review aims to evaluate the effects of some nutritional components such as fibers but also functional foods, prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics on symptoms and microbiota in IBS-C subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Di Rosa
- Research Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy; (C.D.R.)
| | - Annamaria Altomare
- Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Vittoria Terrigno
- Research Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy; (C.D.R.)
| | - Florencia Carbone
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michele Cicala
- Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Michele Pier Luca Guarino
- Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
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Exposure to Obesogenic Environments during Perinatal Development Modulates Offspring Energy Balance Pathways in Adipose Tissue and Liver of Rodent Models. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051281. [PMID: 36904281 PMCID: PMC10005203 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesogenic environments such as Westernized diets, overnutrition, and exposure to glycation during gestation and lactation can alter peripheral neuroendocrine factors in offspring, predisposing for metabolic diseases in adulthood. Thus, we hypothesized that exposure to obesogenic environments during the perinatal period reprograms offspring energy balance mechanisms. Four rat obesogenic models were studied: maternal diet-induced obesity (DIO); early-life obesity induced by postnatal overfeeding; maternal glycation; and postnatal overfeeding combined with maternal glycation. Metabolic parameters, energy expenditure, and storage pathways in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and the liver were analyzed. Maternal DIO increased VAT lipogenic [NPY receptor-1 (NPY1R), NPY receptor-2 (NPY2R), and ghrelin receptor], but also lipolytic/catabolic mechanisms [dopamine-1 receptor (D1R) and p-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)] in male offspring, while reducing NPY1R in females. Postnatally overfed male animals only exhibited higher NPY2R levels in VAT, while females also presented NPY1R and NPY2R downregulation. Maternal glycation reduces VAT expandability by decreasing NPY2R in overfed animals. Regarding the liver, D1R was decreased in all obesogenic models, while overfeeding induced fat accumulation in both sexes and glycation the inflammatory infiltration. The VAT response to maternal DIO and overfeeding showed a sexual dysmorphism, and exposure to glycotoxins led to a thin-outside-fat-inside phenotype in overfeeding conditions and impaired energy balance, increasing the metabolic risk in adulthood.
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The microbiota-gut-brain axis in pathogenesis of depression: A narrative review. Physiol Behav 2023; 260:114056. [PMID: 36528127 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional regulatory pathway between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract, which plays an important role in maintain homeostasis. Gut microbiota could influence the behavior, cognition, stress response and others via the axis. Depression is a complex psychiatric disease, giving rise to heavy social health and economic burden. In recent years, studies have shown that the gut microbiota are closely linked to the pathophysiological processes of depression. In this article, the interaction and its underlying mechanisms between depression and gut microbiota were summarized.
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Altered serum bile acid profile in fibromyalgia is associated with specific gut microbiome changes and symptom severity. Pain 2023; 164:e66-e76. [PMID: 35587528 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiome in women with fibromyalgia have recently been demonstrated, including changes in the relative abundance of certain bile acid-metabolizing bacteria. Bile acids can affect multiple physiological processes, including visceral pain, but have yet to be explored for association to the fibromyalgia gut microbiome. In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted metabolomic approaches were used to characterize the gut microbiome and circulating bile acids in a cohort of 42 women with fibromyalgia and 42 healthy controls. Alterations in the relative abundance of several bacterial species known to metabolize bile acids were observed in women with fibromyalgia, accompanied by significant alterations in the serum concentration of secondary bile acids, including a marked depletion of α-muricholic acid. Statistical learning algorithms could accurately detect individuals with fibromyalgia using the concentration of these serum bile acids. Serum α-muricholic acid was highly correlated with symptom severity, including pain intensity and fatigue. Taken together, these findings suggest serum bile acid alterations are implicated in nociplastic pain. The changes observed in the composition of the gut microbiota and the concentration of circulating secondary bile acids seem congruent with the phenotype of increased nociception and are quantitatively correlated with symptom severity. This is a first demonstration of circulating bile acid alteration in individuals with fibromyalgia, potentially secondary to upstream gut microbiome alterations. If corroborated in independent studies, these observations may allow for the development of molecular diagnostic aids for fibromyalgia as well as mechanistic insights into the syndrome.
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Yu J, Liu T, Guo Q, Wang Z, Chen Y, Dong Y. Disruption of the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Induced by High Fructose and Restraint Stress Is Regulated by the Intestinal Microbiota and Microbiota Metabolites. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0469822. [PMID: 36719201 PMCID: PMC10100858 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04698-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental (restraint stress) and dietary (high fructose) factors are key triggers for flares of inflammatory bowel disease; however, the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are not fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which restraint stress and high fructose damage the intestinal mucosal immune barrier. The feces of C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 16S rRNA and untargeted metabolome sequencing, and the intestinal histological structure was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. The mRNA and protein levels of the intestinal protein were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The metabolites of the microbiota were tested in vitro, and Akkermansia muciniphila was used for colonization in vivo. Dietary fructose exacerbated the development of restraint stress, with an extensive change in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. The disturbance of the microbiota composition led to an increase in the abundance of histamine and a decrease in the abundance of taurine, which inhibited the expression of tight junction and MUC2 proteins, destroyed the function of NLRP6, and reduced intestinal autophagy level; this in turn disrupted the function of colonic goblet cells to secrete mucus, leading to defects in the intestinal mucosal barrier, which ultimately codrives colon autoinflammation. However, A. muciniphila supplementation counteracted damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier by high fructose and restraint stress. Therefore, the gut microbiota and microbiota metabolites play an important role in maintaining microenvironment homeostasis of the intestinal mucosal barrier. IMPORTANCE A high-fructose diet aggravated restraint stress-induced changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiome, in which the abundance of A. muciniphila was significantly increased. The high-fructose diet exacerbated restraint stress-induced the changes in the composition of the microbial metabolites, with taurine abundance being downregulated and histamine abundance upregulated. High fructose and restraint stress induced colonic mucosal immune barrier damage, possibly due to changes in the abundance of the microbial metabolites taurine and histamine. Colonization with A. muciniphila stimulated the expression of the NLRP6 inflammasome and activated autophagy in goblet cells, thereby producing more new mucins, which could protect the intestinal mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Guo
- Milu Conservation Research Unit, Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Coprophagy Prevention Affects the Reproductive Performance in New Zealand White Rabbits Is Mediated through Nox4-ROS-NFκB Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8999899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coprophagy is of great significance to the growth, development, and reproductive performance of rabbits. This study is aimed at exploring the effect of coprophagy on the reproductive performance of New Zealand white rabbits by coprophagy prevention (CP). The results showed that CP treatment significantly decreased the growth and development performance of female rabbits and the live birth rate of embryos. The results of blood biochemical indexes showed that CP treatment significantly increased the contents of serum ALB, ALP, and MDA, while serum SOD activity was significantly decreased. Transcriptome analysis showed that GO terms were mainly enriched in transport function and reproductive function after CP treatment. In addition, KEGG results showed that inflammation related signal pathways were activated and the expression level of genes related to tight junction proteins was downregulated by CP treatment. Concurrently, western blot further confirmed the results of KEGG. In short, fecal feeding is an important survival strategy for some small rodents, coprophagy prevention will affect the inflammatory level of the body, change the oxidative stress level of the body, and then activate NOX4-ROS-NF-κB pathway, increase the expression level of adhesion protein ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, lead to the damage of uterine epithelial barrier, and then affect the reproductive performance of rabbits.
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Zhong P, Zhou J, Fan YT, Guo MF, Zhu H, Zhou SS, Zhu JH, Zhang HH, Zhou GR, Miao XL, Li SL, Mao Q. Co-existing polysaccharides affect the systemic exposure of major bioactive ingredients in Chang-Kang-Fang, a multi-herb prescription for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115601. [PMID: 35963422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chang-Kang-Fang (CKF) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula used for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in China. Decoction is the administration form of CKF in clinical practice. Previously, CKF has been confirmed with activities of releasing pain and reversing disorders of intestinal propulsion. And alkaloids, monoglycosides, chromones were found as the main bioactive components potentially contributing to the efficacy of CKF. Polysaccharide was also a major constituent in CKF. But if and how polysaccharides influence the systemic exposure of bioactive components in CKF is unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the contribution of the co-existed polysaccharides on the systemic exposure of the major bioactive components from CKF in normal and IBS model rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS An UPLC-TQ-MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scan method was developed and validated for quantifying six major small molecular bioactive ingredients of CKF in the plasma samples, including magnoflorine (MAG), berberine (BBR), albiflorin (ALB), paeoniflorin (PAE), 5-O-methylvisamminol (5-OM) and prim-O-glucosylcimifugin (POG). The rats received CKF decoction (CKF) and CKF small molecule portion (knockout of polysaccharides, CKFSM), respectively. IBS model rats were induced by daily bondage and gavage of Sennae Folium decoction (derived from the leaf of Cassia angustifolia Vahl). The effects of the co-existing polysaccharides on the pharmacokinetic parameters of six small molecular bioactive components in normal and IBS model rats were systematically evaluated. The potential gut microbiota involved mechanisms of the effects was validated by broad-spectrum antibiotic (ABX) treatment. RESULTS The selectivity, precision, accuracy, recovery and matrix effect of the established quantification method were all within acceptable limits of biological sample. In normal rats, the co-existing polysaccharides significantly reduced the AUC(0-t) of MAG and PAE compared with CKFSM group. The Cmax and AUC(0-t) of other four compound were not influenced by co-existing polysaccharides. However, in IBS model rats, compared with CKFSM group, the Cmax and AUC(0-t) of the six ingredients significantly increased in CKF group. For CKF + ABX group, the Cmax of six ingredients decreased significantly when compared with CKF group, and the AUC(0-t) of MAG, BBR, ALB, PAE also reduced with significant differences. CONCLUSIONS A reliable and sensitive UPLC-TQ-MS method was successfully developed and validated for evaluating influence of co-existing polysaccharides on pharmacokinetic behavior of six major small molecules components in CKF. The co-existing polysaccharides enhanced the systemic exposure of six bioactive small molecules in CKF under IBS pathological state potentially via gut microbiota involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Yan-Ting Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Meng-Fei Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Jin-Hao Zhu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Gui-Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Tianjin, 300000, PR China
| | - Xing-Long Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Tianjin, 300000, PR China
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China.
| | - Qian Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China.
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Pessarelli T, Sorge A, Elli L, Costantino A. The low-FODMAP diet and the gluten-free diet in the management of functional abdominal bloating and distension. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1007716. [PMID: 36424920 PMCID: PMC9678936 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1007716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of low-FODMAP diet and gluten-free diet in functional abdominal bloating and distension, an emerging disorder of gut-brain interaction characterized by remarkable costs for healthcare systems and a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. Ingested food plays a key role in the pathophysiology of disorders of gut-brain interaction as up to 84% of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) report food-triggered symptoms. Potential pathogenetic mechanisms of food-related symptoms in these patients are discussed, focusing on bloating and abdominal distension. These mechanisms provide the rationale for dietary treatment in patients with functional abdominal bloating and distension. The role of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) and gluten in functional abdominal bloating and distension is examined. Current literature evaluating the efficacy of the low-FODMAP diet and the gluten-free diet in abdominal bloating and distension is analyzed. Available evidence originates mainly from studies on patients with IBS, since clinical studies on selected cohorts of patients with only functional abdominal bloating and distension have been missing to date. Promising evidence on the potential efficacy of the low-FODMAP diet in functional abdominal bloating and distension is provided by the reduction of the bloating observed in patients with IBS. Regarding the gluten-free diet, there is insufficient evidence to recommend it to reduce bloating and abdominal distension. In conclusion, this review asserts the need for a close collaboration with experts in nutrition to optimize the management of these patients and reduce the risks associated with elimination diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Pessarelli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Sorge
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Elli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Costantino
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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Tkach S, Dorofeyev A, Kuzenko I, Sulaieva O, Falalyeyeva T, Kobyliak N. Fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized, clinical trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:994911. [PMID: 36341232 PMCID: PMC9631772 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.994911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research in recent years has shown the potential benefits of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Acute infectious gastroenteritis is a well-established risk factor for developing such forms of IBS as post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS). However, the effective use of FMT in patients with IP-IBS has not yet been clarified. Aim The study aimed to conduct a single-center, randomized clinical trial (RCT) to assess FMT’s safety, clinical and microbiological efficacy in patients with PI-IBS. Materials and methods Patients with PI-IBS were randomized into two groups: I (standard-care, n = 29) were prescribed basic therapy, namely a low FODMAP diet, as well as Otilonium Bromide (1 tablet TID) and a multi-strain probiotic (1 capsule BID) for 1 month; II (FMT group, n = 30), each patient with PI-IBS underwent a single FMT procedure with fresh material by colonoscopy. All patients underwent bacteriological examination of feces for quantitative and qualitative microbiota composition changes. The clinical efficacy of treatment was evaluated according to the dynamics of abdominal symptoms, measured using the IBS-SSS scale, fatigue reduction (FAS scale), and a change in the quality of life (IBS-QoL scale). Results FMT was associated with rapid onset of the effect, manifested in a significant difference between IBS-SSS points after 2 weeks of intervention (p < 0.001). In other time points (after 4 and 12 weeks) IBS-SSS did not differ significantly across both groups. Only after 3 months of treatment did their QoL exceed its initial level, as well value for 2 and 4 weeks, to a significant extent. The change in the ratio of the main microbial phenotypes in the form of an increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes was recorded in all patients after 4 weeks. It should be noted that these changes were significant but eventually normalized only in the group of PI-IBS patients who underwent FMT. No serious adverse reactions were noted. Conclusion This comparative study of the results of FMT use in patients with PI-IBS demonstrated its effectiveness compared to traditional pharmacotherapy, as well as a high degree of safety and good tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergii Tkach
- Ukrainian Research and Practical Centre of Endocrine Surgery, Transplantation of Endocrine Organs and Tissues of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andrii Dorofeyev
- Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iurii Kuzenko
- Ukrainian Research and Practical Centre of Endocrine Surgery, Transplantation of Endocrine Organs and Tissues of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Tetyana Falalyeyeva
- Medical Laboratory CSD, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Educational-Scientific Center, “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nazarii Kobyliak
- Medical Laboratory CSD, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Endocrinology Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
- *Correspondence: Nazarii Kobyliak,
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El-Salhy M, Winkel R, Casen C, Hausken T, Gilja OH, Hatlebakk JG. Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome at 3 Years After Transplantation. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:982-994.e14. [PMID: 35709830 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The long-term efficacy and possible adverse events of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are unknown. This study performed a 3-year follow-up of the patients in our previous clinical trial to clarify these aspects. METHODS This study included 125 patients (104 females, and 21 males): 38 in a placebo group, 42 who received 30 g of donor feces, and 45 who received 60 g of donor feces. Feces was administered to the duodenum. The patients provided a fecal sample and completed 5 questionnaires at baseline and at 2 and 3 years after FMT. Fecal bacteria and dysbiosis index were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification/probe hybridization covering the V3 to V9 regions. RESULTS Response rates were 26.3%, 69.1%, and 77.8% in the placebo, 30-g, and 60-g groups, respectively, at 2 years after FMT, and 27.0%, 64.9%, and 71.8%, respectively, at 3 years after FMT. The response rates were significantly higher in the 30-g and 60-g groups than in the placebo group. Patients in the 30-g and 60-g groups had significantly fewer IBS symptoms and fatigue, and a greater quality of life both at 2 and 3 years after FMT. The dysbiosis index decreased only in the active treatment groups at 2 and 3 years after FMT. Fluorescent signals of 10 bacteria had significant correlations with IBS symptoms and fatigue after FMT in the 30-g and 60-g groups. No long-term adverse events were recorded. CONCLUSIONS FMT performed according to our protocol resulted in high response rates and long-standing effects with only few mild self-limited adverse events. This study was registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS gov (NCT03822299).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy El-Salhy
- Department of Medicine, Stord Hospital, Stord, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Renate Winkel
- Department of Medicine, Stord Hospital, Stord, Norway
| | | | - Trygve Hausken
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; National Centre of Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Odd Helge Gilja
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; National Centre of Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Thomas A, Thomas A, Butler-Sanchez M. Dietary Modification for the Restoration of Gut Microbiome and Management of Symptoms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022; 16:608-621. [PMID: 36072680 PMCID: PMC9442469 DOI: 10.1177/15598276211012968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder leading to chronic debilitating issues. A healthy diet plays an integral role in maintaining the gut microbiota equilibrium, thus promoting digestive health. The structure and function of gut microbiota are affected by genetics and environmental factors, such as altered dietary habits, gastroenteritis, stress, increased use of alcohol and drugs, and medication use. Whereas there are various management approaches cited in the literature to manage symptoms of IBS, the purpose of this article is to focus on dietary options that will restore the gut microbiome and help in managing IBS symptoms. Some of the diets that are discussed in this article include a low-FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) diet, gluten-free/wheat-free diet, high-fiber diet, dietary and herbal supplements (psyllium, peppermint oil), and probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics. The clinical practice guidelines recommended by the American College of Gastroenterology outlines evidence-based dietary recommendations for patients with IBS to manage symptoms. Recent advancements in the dietary management of IBS highlighting the use of a patient-centered, personalized nutrition approach along with lifestyle changes, pharmacological therapies, and psychosocial and behavioral interventions are also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Thomas
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Pune,
India, and University of Illinois Health Sciences System, Chicago,
Illinois
| | - Annie Thomas
- Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola
University Chicago, Illinois
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El‐Salhy M, Mazzawi T, Hausken T, Hatlebakk JG. Irritable bowel syndrome patients who are not likely to respond to fecal microbiota transplantation. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14353. [PMID: 35302268 PMCID: PMC9539588 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) interventions have recently been advocated to not succeed in every irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patient, since the outcome of FMT varies with the IBS subset. This study investigated the factors potentially affecting FMT response using the same patient cohort used in our previous study. METHODS This study included 109 patients who received allogenic FMT. Patients completed five questionnaires that assessed their symptoms and quality of life at baseline and at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after FMT. Patients also provided fecal samples at baseline and 1 month after FMT. The fecal bacterial profile and dysbiosis index (DI) were determined using 16S rRNA gene PCR DNA amplification covering variable genes V3-V9. Response to FMT was defined as a decrease of ≥50 points in the total IBS-SSS score after FMT. RESULTS An IBS patient's response or nonresponse to FMT was not determined by age, IBS duration, IBS subtype, IBS symptoms, fatigue, quality of life, or DI. There were more male nonresponders than responders, and the fluorescence signals of Alistipes were lower in nonresponders than in responders. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that IBS patients who are male and/or have low fecal Alistipes levels are most likely to not respond to FMT treatment. Whether low fecal Alistipes levels could be used as a marker for predicting the outcome of FMT remains to be determined. www. CLINICALTRIALS gov (NCT03822299).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy El‐Salhy
- Department of MedicineStord HospitalStordNorway,Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Tarek Mazzawi
- Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineAl‐Balqa Applied UniversitySaltJordan
| | - Trygve Hausken
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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El-Salhy M, Mazzawi T, Hausken T, Hatlebakk JG. The fecal microbiota transplantation response differs between patients with severe and moderate irritable bowel symptoms. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:1036-1045. [PMID: 35486073 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2064725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising intervention for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The present study aimed to identify any differences in FMT response between patients with severe and moderate IBS symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHOD The study included the 164 patients who participated in our previous study, of which 96 (58.5%) and 68 (41.5%) had severe (S-IBS-S) and moderate (Mo-IBS-S) IBS, respectively. The patients were randomly divided into a placebo group (own feces) and 30-g and 60-g (donor feces) FMT groups. Patients completed three questionnaires that assessed their symptoms and quality of life at baseline and at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after FMT, and provided fecal samples before and 1 month after FMT. The fecal bacteria were analyzed using the 16S rRNA gene in PCR DNA amplification covering the V3-V9 variable genes. RESULTS Response rates of the placebo group did not differ between S-IBS-S and Mo-IBS-S patients at 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months after FMT. The response rates in the active treatment group were higher in S-IBS-S patients than in Mo-IBS-S patients at each observation time. FMT reduced abdominal symptoms and fatigue and improved the quality of life in patients with both severe and moderate IBS. Patients with S-IBS-S had higher levels of Eubacterium siraeum, and lower levels of Eubacterium rectale than Mo-IBS-S, after FMT. CONCLUSION Patients with S-IBS-S have a higher response rate to FMT and a marked improvement in fatigue and in quality of life compared with those with Mo-IBS-S. The clinical trial registration number is NCT03822299 and is available at www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy El-Salhy
- Department of Medicine, Stord Hospital, Stord, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tarek Mazzawi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan
| | - Trygve Hausken
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Chen G, Shi F, Yin W, Guo Y, Liu A, Shuai J, Sun J. Gut microbiota dysbiosis: The potential mechanisms by which alcohol disrupts gut and brain functions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:916765. [PMID: 35966709 PMCID: PMC9372561 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.916765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a high-risk psychiatric disorder and a key cause of death and disability in individuals. In the development of AUD, there is a connection known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis, where alcohol use disrupts the gut barrier, resulting in changes in intestinal permeability as well as the gut microbiota composition, which in turn impairs brain function and worsens the patient’s mental status and gut activity. Potential mechanisms are explored by which alcohol alters gut and brain function through the effects of the gut microbiota and their metabolites on immune and inflammatory pathways. Alcohol and microbiota dysregulation regulating neurotransmitter release, including DA, 5-HT, and GABA, are also discussed. Thus, based on the above discussion, it is possible to speculate on the gut microbiota as an underlying target for the treatment of diseases associated with alcohol addiction. This review will focus more on how alcohol and gut microbiota affect the structure and function of the gut and brain, specific changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, and some measures to mitigate the changes caused by alcohol exposure. This leads to a potential intervention for alcohol addiction through fecal microbiota transplantation, which could normalize the disruption of gut microbiota after AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganggang Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fenglei Shi
- Department of Othopaedics, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Guo
- Shandong Provincial Mental Health Center, Jinan, China
| | - Anru Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiacheng Shuai
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhao Sun,
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Gut Microbiota Manipulation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071332. [PMID: 35889051 PMCID: PMC9319495 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased knowledge suggests that disturbed gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, might promote the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. Accordingly, gut microbiota manipulation has evolved in the last decade as a novel treatment strategy in order to improve IBS symptoms. In using different approaches, dietary management stands first in line, including dietary fiber supplements, prebiotics, and probiotics that are shown to change the composition of gut microbiota, fecal short-chain fatty acids and enteroendocrine cells densities and improve IBS symptoms. However, the exact mixture of beneficial bacteria for each individual remains to be identified. Prescribing nonabsorbable antibiotics still needs confirmation, although using rifaximin has been approved for diarrhea-predominant IBS. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has recently gained a lot of attention, and five out of seven placebo-controlled trials investigating FMT in IBS obtain promising results regarding symptom reduction and gut microbiota manipulation. However, more data, including larger cohorts and studying long-term effects, are needed before FMT can be regarded as a treatment for IBS in clinical practice.
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Correlation between Intestinal Microflora in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Severity. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1031844. [PMID: 35634439 PMCID: PMC9132690 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1031844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic functional gastrointestinal disease accompanied by changes in intestinal microecology. This study investigated the relationship between gut microbiota and disease severity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods An observational study was performed on 60 IBS patients (study group) and 20 healthy controls admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to December 2014. Fecal samples were taken after admission to measure intestinal flora including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, and Enterococcus, and patient blood was collected to determine serum D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) levels. The gut microbiota and serum markers of the two groups were analyzed. The correlation of gut microbiota index levels and serum markers with disease severity, as well as the correlation between gut microbiota index levels and serum markers, were analyzed. Results The levels of intestinal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were lower, while the levels of Enterococcus and Enterobacter and serum D-lactate were higher in the study group than those in the control group. The levels of intestinal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were lower, while the levels of Enterococcus and Enterobacter, serum D-lactate, and DAO were higher in patients with moderate IBS than those in patients with mild IBS. The levels of intestinal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were lower in patients with severe IBS than those with moderate IBS, while the levels of Enterococcus and Enterobacter, serum D-lactate, and DAO were higher in patients with severe IBS. There was a significant negative correlation between the levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and disease severity and a significant positive correlation between the levels of Enterococcus and Enterobacter, D-lactate, and DAO and disease severity. There was a significant negative correlation between the levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and serum D-lactate and DAO, while there was a significant positive correlation between the levels of Enterococcus and Enterobacter and serum D-lactate and DAO (P < 0.05). Conclusion Intestinal flora, D-lactate, and DAO were abnormal in IBS patients, and intestinal flora was closely correlated with disease severity, D-lactate, and DAO levels.
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Abstract
The gut microbiome plays critical roles in human health and disease. Recent studies suggest it may also be associated with chronic pain and postoperative pain outcomes. In animal models, the composition of the gut microbiome changes after general anesthesia and affects the host response to medications, including anesthetics and opioids. In humans, the gut microbiome is associated with the development of postoperative pain and neurocognitive disorders. Additionally, the composition of the gut microbiome has been associated with pain conditions including visceral pain, nociplastic pain, complex regional pain syndrome, and headaches, partly through altered concentration of circulating bacterial-derived metabolites. Furthermore, animal studies demonstrate the critical role of the gut microbiome in neuropathic pain via immunomodulatory mechanisms. This article reviews basic concepts of the human gut microbiome and its interactions with the host and provide a comprehensive overview of the evidence linking the gut microbiome to anesthesiology, critical care, and pain medicine.
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42
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Balmus IM, Copolovici D, Copolovici L, Ciobica A, Gorgan DL. Biomolecules from Plant Wastes Potentially Relevant in the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Co-Occurring Symptomatology. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082403. [PMID: 35458601 PMCID: PMC9024464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
During and following the processing of a plant’s raw material, considerable amounts are wasted, composted, or redistributed in non-alimentary sectors for further use (for example, some forms of plant waste contribute to biofuel, bioethanol, or biomass production). However, many of these forms of waste still consist of critical bioactive compounds used in the food industry or medicine. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders. The primary treatment is based on symptomatology alleviation and controlled dietary management. Thus, this review aimed to describe the possible relevance of molecules residing in plant waste that can be used to manage IBS and co-occurring symptoms. Significant evidence was found that many forms of fruit, vegetable, and medicinal plant waste could be the source of some molecules that could be used to treat or prevent stool consistency and frequency impairments and abdominal pain, these being the main IBS symptoms. While many of these molecules could be recovered from plant waste during or following primary processing, the studies suggested that enriched food could offer efficient valorization and prevent further changes in properties or stability. In this way, root, stem, straw, leaf, fruit, and vegetable pomaces were found to consist of biomolecules that could modulate intestinal permeability, pain perception, and overall gastrointestinal digestive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana-Miruna Balmus
- Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, no. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Dana Copolovici
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Technical and Natural Sciences, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, Elena Dragoi St., no. 2, 310330 Arad, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Lucian Copolovici
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Technical and Natural Sciences, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, Elena Dragoi St., no. 2, 310330 Arad, Romania;
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, no. 22a, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Dragos Lucian Gorgan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, no. 22a, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) characterized by chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. The diagnosis of IBS is based on the presence of defined clinical Rome IV criteria in the absence of alarm features. The majority of patients with IBS report of food triggers eliciting typical IBS symptoms and trying to modify their dietary intake. RECENT FINDINGS FGID including IBS are defined as disorders of the gut-brain interaction. A large proportion of individuals with IBS link their symptoms to dietary factors, and recent clinical studies have shown benefits of a diet low in FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, and Monosaccharides and Polyols) on IBS symptoms and quality of life. Dietary interventions mediate directly changes of luminal gut contents affecting chemosensing-enteroendocrine cells in the modulation of the gut brain microbiome axis in IBS patients. Long-term assessment of clinical outcomes in patients on a low FODMAP diet is needed. Professional guidelines have incorporated the suggestion to offer IBS patients a diet low in FODMAPs. SUMMARY The FGIDs, including IBS, are defined as gut-brain disorders. Low FODMAP diet has been shown in clinical trials to reduce IBS symptoms but long-term efficacy and nutritional side-effects remain uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Christian Weber
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston University School of Medicine
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Vetuschi A, Battista N, Pompili S, Cappariello A, Prete R, Taticchi A, Selvaggini R, Latella G G, Corsetti A, Sferra R. The antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effect of olive phenols and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMC513 in dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic colitis. Nutrition 2022; 94:111511. [PMID: 34813981 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES After a chronic intestinal injury, several intestinal cells switch their phenotype to activated myofibroblasts, which in turn release an abnormal amount of extracellular matrix proteins, leading to the onset of the fibrotic process. To date, no resolutive pharmacological treatments are available, and the identification of new therapeutic approaches represents a crucial goal to achieve. The onset, maintenance, and progression of inflammatory bowel disease are related to abnormal intestinal immune responses to environmental factors, including diet and intestinal microflora components. This study aimed to evaluate the potential antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effect of a biologically debittered olive cream and its probiotic oral administration in an experimental model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced chronic colitis. METHODS Chronic colitis was induced in mice by three cycles of oral administration of 2.5% DSS (5 d of DSS followed by 7 d of tap water). Mice were randomly divided into five groups: 10 control mice fed with standard diet (SD), 20 mice receiving SD and DSS (SD+DSS), 20 mice receiving an enriched diet (ED) with olive cream and DSS (ED+DSS), 20 mice receiving SD plus probiotics (PB; Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMC513) and DSS (SD+PB+DSS), and 20 mice receiving ED plus PB and DSS (ED+ PB+DSS). Clinical features and large bowel macroscopic, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings were evaluated. RESULTS The simultaneous administration of ED and PB induced a significant reduction in macroscopic and microscopic colitis scores compared with the other DSS-treated groups. In addition, ED and PB led to a significant decrease in the expression of inflammatory cytokines and profibrotic molecules. CONCLUSIONS The concomitant oral administration of a diet enriched with biologically debittered olive cream and a specific probiotic strain (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMC513) can exert synergistic antiinflammatory and antifibrotic action in DSS-induced chronic colitis. Further studies are needed to define the cellular and molecular mechanisms modulated by olive cream compounds and by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMC513.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Vetuschi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Natalia Battista
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Simona Pompili
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Cappariello
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberta Prete
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Agnese Taticchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Selvaggini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Latella G
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences-Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Aldo Corsetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberta Sferra
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Galica AN, Galica R, Dumitrașcu DL. Diet, fibers, and probiotics for irritable bowel syndrome. J Med Life 2022; 15:174-179. [PMID: 35419092 PMCID: PMC8999090 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2022-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many aspects make irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) challenging for both patients and physicians. The unclear pathogenesis with many pathways to be explored, bothering symptoms that affect the quality of life, and many subtypes of the condition are only a few reasons that make IBS difficult to control and obtain satisfactory results. Treatment options start with general advice for lifestyle, continue with non-pharmaceutical treatments, and finally touch classic treatments. In this review, pharmaceutical treatment options are not accounted for. Consensus groups and meta-analyses have concluded guidelines that overall are the same, with variations in the strength of recommendations and some cultural and geographical particularities. Dietary interventions, probiotics, and fibers can be seen as non-pharmaceutical treatments that coexist in various protocols because of the relevant evidence regarding their efficacy in treating IBS symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Nicoleta Galica
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Nursing, Faculty of Natural and Human Sciences, Fan S. Noli University, Korçe, Albania
| | - Reitano Galica
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regional Hospital Korçe, Korçe, Albania
| | - Dan Lucian Dumitrașcu
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Sayers B, Wijeyesekera A, Gibson G. Exploring the potential of prebiotic and polyphenol-based dietary interventions for the alleviation of cognitive and gastrointestinal perturbations associated with military specific stressors. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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El-Salhy M, Hausken T, Hatlebakk JG. Current status of fecal microbiota transplantation for irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14157. [PMID: 34236740 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal functional disorder. Although IBS is a benign condition, it reduces the quality of life considerably. While there is currently no effective treatment for this disorder, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) seems to be promising. PURPOSE The aim of this review was to analysis possible factors affecting the success or failure of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of FMT for IBS and highlighting the gaps in our knowledge that need to be filled and of sketching a possible model for successful FMT in IBS patients. METHODS A systematic search was conducted of literature published in English from January 2015 to December 2020 using the keywords: fecal microbiota transplantation, randomized trials, and IBS. KEY RESULTS Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of FMT for IBS were found in the literature. Four of the seven RCTs found various positive effects, while the other three did not find any effect. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES The efficacy of FMT for IBS appears to be donor-dependent. The effective (super) donor would need to have a favorable microbiota signature, and 11 clinical criteria that are known to be associated with a favorable microbiota have been suggested for selecting FMT donors for IBS. Comparing the microbiota of the effective donors with those of healthy subjects would reveal the favorable microbiota signature required for a super-donor. However, the studies reviewed were not designed to compare efficacy of different donor types. The dose of the fecal transplant is also an important factor influencing the outcome of FMT for IBS. However, further studies designed to test the effect of fecal transplant dose are needed to answer this question. Administering the fecal transplant to either the small or large intestine seems to be effective, but the optimal route of administration remains to be determined. Moreover, whether single or repeated FMT is more effective is also still unclear. A 1-year follow-up of IBS patients who received FMT showed that adverse events of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation were both mild and self-limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy El-Salhy
- Department of Medicine, Stord Hospital, Stord, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, National Centre for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Trygve Hausken
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, National Centre for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, National Centre for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Varesi A, Deumer US, Ananth S, Ricevuti G. The Emerging Role of Gut Microbiota in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): Current Evidence and Potential Therapeutic Applications. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215077. [PMID: 34768601 PMCID: PMC8584653 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-known symptoms of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) are chronic pain, cognitive dysfunction, post-exertional malaise and severe fatigue. Another class of symptoms commonly reported in the context of ME/CFS are gastrointestinal (GI) problems. These may occur due to comorbidities such as Crohn's disease or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or as a symptom of ME/CFS itself due to an interruption of the complex interplay between the gut microbiota (GM) and the host GI tract. An altered composition and overall decrease in diversity of GM has been observed in ME/CFS cases compared to controls. In this review, we reflect on genetics, infections, and other influences that may factor into the alterations seen in the GM of ME/CFS individuals, we discuss consequences arising from these changes, and we contemplate the therapeutic potential of treating the gut to alleviate ME/CFS symptoms holistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Almo Collegio Borromeo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (G.R.)
| | - Undine-Sophie Deumer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Sanjana Ananth
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Drug Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (G.R.)
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Woźniak D, Cichy W, Przysławski J, Drzymała-Czyż S. The role of microbiota and enteroendocrine cells in maintaining homeostasis in the human digestive tract. Adv Med Sci 2021; 66:284-292. [PMID: 34098509 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota is a heterogeneous ecosystem consisting of diverse microorganisms unique to an individual, playing a crucial role in maintaining human body homeostasis. The microbiota, as a suggested endocrine organ, is also capable of producing and regulating hormones, playing an important role in food processing, synthesis of vitamins, pathogen displacement, and influencing functions of distant systems and organs. The efficient connections between the brain and intestines and microbiota ensure the maintenance of the digestive tract homeostasis, with the bidirectional brain and gut axis playing an important role in the regulation of digestion. Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are a fascinating example of highly specified cells scattered throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They produce and release signaling molecules (hormones), thus modulate homeostatic functions. EECs are believed to be crucial sensors of gut microbiota or/and microbial metabolites, secreting peptide hormones and cytokines in response to them. The diet, microbiota, and EECs are inevitably dependent on one another, thus together (nutrients, microbiota, enterohormones) affect metabolism. This manuscript reviews the role of various components of the brain-gut axis in digestive and absorption processes, as well as the maintenance of digestive tract homeostasis and the consequences of disturbances in the individual components of this axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Woźniak
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech Cichy
- Department of Cosmetology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The President Stanisław Wojciechowski State University of Applied Sciences in Kalisz, Kalisz, Poland
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Yuan X, Chang C, Chen X, Li K. Emerging trends and focus of human gastrointestinal microbiome research from 2010-2021: a visualized study. J Transl Med 2021; 19:327. [PMID: 34332587 PMCID: PMC8325541 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal microbiome is an important component of the human body and is closely related to human health and disease. This study describes the hotspots of the human gastrointestinal microbiome research and its evolution in the past decade, evaluates the scientific cooperation network, and finally predicts the field's future development trend using bibliometric analysis and a visualized study. METHODS We searched the original articles from January 2010 to February 2021 in the Scopus database using the term "gastrointestinal microbiome" and its synonyms. CiteSpace was used to construct country and author co-occurrence map; conduct journal, citation cocitation analysis, and reference co-citation knowledge map; and form a keywords co-occurrence map, a clustering knowledge map, timeline view of keywords, and burst term map. RESULT A total of 4444 documents published from January 2010 to February 2021 were analysed. In approximately the past decade, the number of articles on the human gastrointestinal microbiome has increased rapidly, and the research topics focus on different populations, research methods, and detection methods. All countries and regions in the world, led by the US, are studying the human gastrointestinal microbiome, and many research teams with close cooperation have been formed. The research has been published extensively in microbiology journals and clinical medicine journals, and the highly cited articles mainly describe the relationship between gastrointestinal microorganisms and human health and disease. Regarding the research emphasis, researchers' exploration of the human gastrointestinal microbiome (2011-2013) was at a relatively macro and superficial stage and sought to determine how the gastrointestinal microbiome relates to humans. From 2014 to 2017, increasingly more studies were conducted to determine the interaction between human gastrointestinal flora and various organs and systems. In addition, researchers (2018-2021) focused on the gastrointestinal microbial community and the diversity of certain types of microbes. CONCLUSION Over time, the scope of the research on the clinical uses of the gastrointestinal microbiome gradually increased, and the contents were gradually deepened and developed towards a more precise level. The study of the human gastrointestinal microbiome is an ongoing research hotspot and contributes to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhu Yuan
- West China School of Nursing/ West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.8 Teaching Building, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan province, China
| | - Chengting Chang
- West China School of Nursing/ West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.8 Teaching Building, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan province, China
| | - Xinrong Chen
- West China School of Nursing/ West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.8 Teaching Building, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan province, China
| | - Ka Li
- West China School of Nursing/ West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.8 Teaching Building, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan province, China.
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