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Luongo G, Tarasuk V, Cahill LE, Hajizadeh M, Yi Y, Mah CL. Cost of a healthy diet: A population-representative comparison of three diet cost methods in Canada. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)01015-0. [PMID: 39270849 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Different food price sources and dietary assessment tools may impact the estimation of diet costs and hamper our understanding of the relationship between diet costs and dietary intakes. We investigated the effect of three diet cost derivation methods, with increasing numbers of food prices and geographic specificity, holding consistent the dietary assessment, on the estimation of diet costs overall and by food group. METHODS We matched 24-hour dietary recall data from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition (CCHS-N) to food price data from three Canadian Consumer Price Index (CPI) food price lists; national short list, national long list, and provincial long list. We compared the daily ($/day) and energy-adjusted ($/2,000kcal) diet costs overall and by food groups for the overall population (4+), children (4-18), and adults (19+). RESULTS The proportion of dietary intakes (g) that were covered by CPI prices significantly increased from the national short list to the national long list but did not significantly differ from the national long list to the provincial long list. The national short list resulted in the highest daily and energy-adjusted diet costs overall. No difference in diet costs was noted between the national and provincial long lists. Diet costs for four food groups-additions, sweets, fruits, and vegetables, which were poorly covered by the national short list-significantly differed using the national and provincial long lists. All three diet cost methods were significantly correlated with energy intakes; however, a strong/very strong correlation was detected for children, and a weak/moderate correlation for adults. CONCLUSION The choice of food price data may introduce bias in the diet cost estimate, as well as limiting our understanding of how individuals allocate their diet costs. Refinement of diet cost estimation methodology and measures can strengthen future studies of how consumers allocate their purchases to their diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Luongo
- School of Health Administration, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University.
| | - Valerie Tarasuk
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto
| | - Leah E Cahill
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University
| | - Mohammad Hajizadeh
- School of Health Administration, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University
| | - Yanqing Yi
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland
| | - Catherine L Mah
- School of Health Administration, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University
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Lin AW, Colvin CA, Kusneniwar H, Kalam F, Makelarski JA, Sen S. Evaluation of daily eating patterns on overall diet quality using decision tree analyses. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 120:685-695. [PMID: 39069014 PMCID: PMC11393402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preliminary evidence suggests that meal timing is associated with higher quality diets. Less is known about whether types of food consumed during specific eating episodes (i.e., day-level eating patterns) predict diet quality. OBJECTIVES We investigated the association between day-level eating patterns and diet quality. METHODS Decision tree models were built using 24-h dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015 and 2017 cycles in a cross-sectional study. Sixteen food groups and 12 eating episodes (e.g., breakfast, lunch) were included as input parameters. Diet quality was scored using the Healthy Eating Index-2020 and categorized as higher or lower quality diets based on the median score. Mean decrease in impurity (MDI) ± standard deviation determined the relative contribution that day-level eating patterns had on diet quality; higher values represented greater contributions. RESULTS We analyzed 12,597 dietary recalls from 9347 United States adults who were aged 18 y and older with ≥1 complete recall. Meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) and respective snacking episodes had the greatest variety of dietary groups that contributed to the Healthy Eating Index-2020 score. Any whole-grain intake at breakfast predicted a higher quality diet (MDI = 0.08 ± 0.00), followed by lower solid fat intake (<8.94 g; MDI = 0.07 ± 0.00) and any plant protein intake at dinner (MDI = 0.05 ± 0.00). CONCLUSIONS Day-level eating patterns were associated with diet quality, emphasizing the relevance of both food type and timing in relation to a high-quality diet. Future interventions should investigate the potential impact of targeting food type and timing to improve diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie W Lin
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Christopher A Colvin
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Benedictine University, Lisle, IL, United States
| | - Hrishikesh Kusneniwar
- Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences, Pilani, Zuarinagar Goa, India
| | - Faiza Kalam
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer A Makelarski
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Sougata Sen
- Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences, Pilani, Zuarinagar Goa, India
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Ramuscak AV, Duncan AM, Ma DWL, Haines J. Parents' knowledge of the 2019 Canada's Food Guide recommendations. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:1015-1018. [PMID: 37712552 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about Canadians' knowledge of the 2019 Canada's Food Guide (CFG) recommendations. Using cross-sectional survey data from the Guelph Family Health Study, our brief communication aimed to explore parents' knowledge of the 2019 CFG recommendations through descriptive statistics and content analysis. Among a sample of 122 parents, we found that parents had a general understanding of the 2019 CFG's recommendations but poor knowledge of specific details of the recommendations, such as the names of the three food groups and which foods contain unhealthy fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa V Ramuscak
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alison M Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Struckmeyer N, Biester T, Kordonouri O, Weiner C, Sadeghian E, Guntermann C, Kapitzke K, Weiskorn J, Galuschka L, von Stuelpnagel K, Meister D, Lange K, Danne T, Reschke F. Alterations in Dietary Behavior, Appetite Regulation, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Youth with Obesity in Germany during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2023; 15:2936. [PMID: 37447261 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the nutritional patterns, eating behavior, dietary content, and health-related quality of life (HrQoL) of adolescents with preexisting obesity. METHODS Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were measured, and validated questionnaires on eating habits, nutritional content, and HrQoL were administered to 264 adolescents with obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic (June 2020-June 2022) and 265 adolescents with obesity before the pandemic (from June 2017 to June 2019). RESULTS Both study cohorts were comparable in age and sex distribution. Significant differences were found between the COVID-19 and pre-COVID-19 cohorts in HOMA-index (3.8 (interquartile range [IQR])): 3.3; 4.1) vs. 3.2 (IQR: 2.8; 3.5, p < 0.001), total cholesterol (208.8 mg/dL (IQR: 189.9; 214.5) vs. 198.5 mg/dL (IQR: 189.5; 207.4), p < 0.001), and GPT (93.4 (IQR 88.7; 96.5) vs. 72.8 U/L (IQR 68.9; 75.7), p < 0.001). The COVID-19 cohort reported significantly higher consumption of obesity-promoting food components, such as soft drinks, meat, sausages, fast food and delivery food, chocolate, and sweets. There was also a significant decrease in cognitive hunger control (p = 0.002) and an increase in distractibility potential (p = 0.001) while eating. HrQoL was significantly lower in the COVID-19 cohort (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the adverse associations of exposure to the public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic with nutrition, dietary content, and HrQoL in adolescents with preexisting obesity. These findings underscore the importance of tailored preventive and treatment strategies for addressing the specific challenges of disruptive events such as pandemics, especially in population-based context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Struckmeyer
- Center for Pediatric Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital AUF DER BULT, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Torben Biester
- Center for Pediatric Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital AUF DER BULT, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Olga Kordonouri
- Center for Pediatric Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital AUF DER BULT, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Chantal Weiner
- Center for Pediatric Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital AUF DER BULT, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Evelin Sadeghian
- Center for Pediatric Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital AUF DER BULT, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Cathrin Guntermann
- Center for Pediatric Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital AUF DER BULT, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kapitzke
- Center for Pediatric Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital AUF DER BULT, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jantje Weiskorn
- Center for Pediatric Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital AUF DER BULT, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura Galuschka
- Center for Pediatric Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital AUF DER BULT, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kisa von Stuelpnagel
- Center for Pediatric Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital AUF DER BULT, 30173 Hannover, Germany
- Department for Sports Science, University of Hildesheim, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Daniela Meister
- Center for Pediatric Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital AUF DER BULT, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Karin Lange
- Medical Psychology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Danne
- Center for Pediatric Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital AUF DER BULT, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Reschke
- Center for Pediatric Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital AUF DER BULT, 30173 Hannover, Germany
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Kebebe E, Ibrahim N, White R, Wittenberg K, Aukema H, McAllister T, Riediger N, Legesse G, McGeough E, Ominski K. Nutritional impact of excluding red meat from the Canadian diet. Meat Sci 2023; 201:109161. [PMID: 37031667 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to examine differences in nutrient intake between consumers and non-consumers of red meat and to assess nutritional adequacy of consumers relative to Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) in Canada. Matching estimators were used to identify differences in nutrient intake between the two groups. Statistically significant differences were observed in nutrient intake between red meat consumers and non-consumers, including lower daily intake of protein, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin D, and zinc and a higher daily intake of dietary fiber, folate, and magnesium among Canadians who did not consume red meat. Further, red meat consumers and non-consumers had nutrient intakes below RDA for dietary energy, fiber, and calcium. While individuals who did not consume red meat were at increased risk of calcium, vitamin D, energy, and potassium inadequacy, those who consumed red meat were at increased risk of dietary fiber, vitamin A, and magnesium inadequacy.
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Jaeger V, Koletzko B, Luque V, Ferré N, Gruszfeld D, Gradowska K, Verduci E, Zuccotti GV, Xhonneux A, Poncelet P, Grote V. Distribution of energy and macronutrient intakes across eating occasions in European children from 3 to 8 years of age: The EU Childhood Obesity Project Study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:165-174. [PMID: 35930067 PMCID: PMC9899743 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to characterize the distribution of energy and macronutrient intakes across eating occasions (EO) in European children from preschool to school age. METHODS Data from 3-day weighed food records were collected from children at ages 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 years from Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain. Food intakes were assigned to EO based on country-specific daytimes for breakfast, lunch, supper and snacks (morning, afternoon). The average energy and nutrient intakes were expressed as percentage of total energy intake (%E). Nutrients were additionally expressed as percentage per EO (%EEO). Foods were assigned to food groups; variation in intake was calculated via coefficient of variation (CV). We analyzed age trends in diurnal intake using mixed-effects beta regression. RESULTS The 740 healthy children included in the analysis consumed the largest proportion of daily energy at lunch (31%E ± 8, M ± SD) and supper (26%E ± 8), followed by breakfast (19%E ± 7) and snacks [afternoon (16%E ± 8); morning (8%E ± 7)], with the most variable intake at morning snack (CV = 0.9). The nutrient composition at lunch and supper was highest for fat (36 ± 9%ELunch; 39 ± 11%ESupper) and protein (18 ± 5%ELunch; 18 ± 6%ESupper) and at breakfast and snacks for carbohydrates (54 ± 12%EBreakfast; 62 ± 12%ESnacks). High-sugar content foods were consumed in relatively large proportions at breakfast and snacks. Food intakes varied significantly with age, with lower snack intakes at later ages (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Possibly unhealthy EOs with high-fat intakes and high-sugar-content foods were observed. Changes in nutrient composition of EOs may be beneficial for health. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00338689; 19/June/2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Jaeger
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDivision of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Veronica Luque
- grid.410367.70000 0001 2284 9230Paediatrics Research Unit, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain ,grid.410367.70000 0001 2284 9230Serra Hunter Fellow, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Natàlia Ferré
- grid.410367.70000 0001 2284 9230Paediatrics Research Unit, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Dariusz Gruszfeld
- grid.413923.e0000 0001 2232 2498Neonatal Department and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Gradowska
- grid.413923.e0000 0001 2232 2498Neonatal Department and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elvira Verduci
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Annick Xhonneux
- grid.433083.f0000 0004 0608 8015Centre Hospitalier Chretien St. Vincent, Rocourt, Liège‑Rocourt, Belgium
| | - Pascale Poncelet
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Department of Paediatrics, University Children’s Hospital, Queen Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Veit Grote
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDivision of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
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Research of the influence of xanthan gum on rheological properties of dough and quality of bread made from sprouted wheat grain. ACTA INNOVATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.32933/actainnovations.45.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of microbial polysaccharide xanthan in the amount of 0.1-0.4% on the rheological characteristics of the dough from sprouted wheat grain and quality indicators of bread was studied. It was found that when xanthan gum is added, the dough's spreading and adhesion strength decreases, and the dough's resilience-elastic and plastic-viscous characteristics improve. Bread made from sprouted wheat grains with the addition of experimental dosages of xanthan has better structural-mechanical and physicochemical properties, as evidenced by higher indicators of crumb compressibility, specific volume, and moisture compared to the control sample. To obtain bread with the best quality indicators, it is recommended to use 0.3% xanthan.
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Hutchinson J, Tarasuk V. The relationship between diet quality and the severity of household food insecurity in Canada. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:1013-1026. [PMID: 34551845 PMCID: PMC9991759 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021004031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between the dietary quality of Canadian children and adults and household food insecurity status. DESIGN Dietary intake was assessed with one 24-h recall. Households were classified as food secure or marginally, moderately or severely food insecure based on their responses to the Household Food Security Survey Module. We applied multivariable analyses of variance to determine whether % energy from ultra-processed foods, fruit and vegetable intake, Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores, macronutrient composition and micronutrient intakes per 1000 kcal differed by food insecurity status after accounting for income, education and region. Analyses were run separately for children 1-8 years and 9-18 years and men and women 19-64 years of age. SETTING Ten provinces in Canada. PARTICIPANTS Respondents to the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition, aged 1-64 years, with complete food insecurity data and non-zero energy intakes, N 15 909. RESULTS Among adults and children, % energy from ultra-processed foods was strongly related to severity of food insecurity, but no significant trend was observed for fruit and vegetable intake or HEI score. Carbohydrate, total sugar, fat and saturated fat intake/1000 kcal did not differ by food insecurity status, but there was a significant negative trend in protein/1000 kcal among older children, a positive trend in Na/1000 kcal among younger children and inverse associations between food insecurity severity and several micronutrients/1000 kcal among adults and older children. CONCLUSIONS With more severe household food insecurity, ultra-processed food consumption was higher, and diet quality was generally lower among both adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Hutchinson
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Valerie Tarasuk
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
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Papanikolaou Y, Fulgoni VLI. The Role of Fortified and Enriched Refined Grains in the US Dietary Pattern: A NHANES 2009-2016 Modeling Analysis to Examine Nutrient Adequacy. Front Nutr 2021; 8:655464. [PMID: 34552951 PMCID: PMC8450591 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.655464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While dietary recommendations call for greater whole-grain intake and reduced refined grain consumption, there are limited peer-reviewed studies examining the influence of fortified/enriched refined grains on nutrient adequacy. Methods: A modeling analysis using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2016 estimated usual daily intake of shortfall nutrients for Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) in the current dietary pattern and when specific percentages of fortified/enriched refined grain foods (bread, ready-to-eat cereals, and all-grained foods) were removed from the diet (19-50-year-old adults, N = 11,169; 51-99-year-old adults, N = 9,641). Results: While American adults are currently falling short of nutrient recommendations, eliminating 25, 50, and 100% of all grains consumed in the US dietary pattern resulted in a greater percentage of adults not meeting recommendations for several shortfall nutrients, including dietary fiber, folate DFE, iron, and magnesium. Removal of all grains led to a reduced energy intake by ~10% in both age groups examined. Currently, ~3.8% of 19-50-year-old adults meet the adequate intake (AI) for dietary fiber. Removal of 25, 50, and 100% of grains from the diet resulted in 2.6 ± 0.3, 1.8 ± 0.2, and 0.7 ± 0.1% of adults exceeded the AI for dietary fiber, respectively. Similarly, 11.0 and 13.8% of younger and older adults, respectively, fall short of folate, DFE recommendations with the current diet. Following the removal of 100% of grains from the diet, 43.4 ± 1.1 and 56.2 ± 1.0%, respectively, were below the estimated average requirement (EAR) for folate DFE. For iron, current dietary pattern consumption shows 8.4% and 0.8% of younger and older adults, respectively, are not meeting iron recommendations, however, removal of 100% of grains from the diet results in nearly 10 and 22% falling short of the EAR. Currently, about 51 and 54% of younger and older adults are below the EAR for magnesium; however, with the removal of 100% of grains, 68 and 73%, respectively, fall below the EAR. Conclusion: Removal of specific refined grains led to an increased percentage of Americans not meeting recommendations for several shortfall nutrients, including dietary fiber, folate, iron, and magnesium.
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Smith J, Zhu Y, Jain N, Holschuh N. Association between whole grain food intake in Canada and nutrient intake, food group intake and diet quality: Findings from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253052. [PMID: 34197483 PMCID: PMC8248641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole grains have been associated with numerous beneficial health outcomes and are recommended in Canada's Food Guide; however, there is little research on whole grains specific to Canada. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the association between Canadians' WG intake and nutrients, food groups and diet quality and to understand top sources of WG in the diets of Canadians. We used data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2015: a cross-sectional survey that collected information on diet (using a 24-hour recall) and health from 20,487 Canadians 1 year and older. We classified study participants according to their WG intake: non-WG (n = 10,883) and three groups based on age-specific tertiles of WG intake, low-WG (n = 3,322), mid-WG (n = 3,180), and high-WG (n = 3,102). Results were analyzed using population-based survey methods and were adjusted for energy, age, gender, overweight/obesity, income, and supplement use. We found differences in nutrients and food groups by WG group: there was a significant linear trend across groups of increasing WG for increased fiber (children and adults), vitamin B6 (children), thiamin (adults), potassium (children and adults), zinc (adults), calcium (children and adults), iron (children and adults), magnesium (children and adults), fruit (adults), and legumes, nuts and seeds (adults); and decreased total fat (adults), saturated fat (adults), folate (children and adults), refined grains (adults and children), and meat and poultry (adults) intake. We found that there were no differences in total sugar or sodium intake across WG intake groups. The high WG intake group for both children and adults had higher diet quality, measured by the Nutrient Rich Food Index 9.3, compared to non-WG eaters. The top 2 food sources of WG across WG intake groups for children and adults were whole grain oat and high fiber breakfast cereal and whole grain and whole wheat bread. Other top sources of WG included rice, bread products, other breakfast cereals, salty snacks, cereal grains and flours, pasta, and sweet snacks. This research supports recommendations to increase WG foods intake as a means to improve diet quality of Canadians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Smith
- Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Yong Zhu
- Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Neha Jain
- Global Knowledge Solutions, General Mills, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norton Holschuh
- Global Knowledge Solutions, General Mills, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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Xue P, Han X, Elahi E, Zhao Y, Wang X. Internet Access and Nutritional Intake: Evidence from Rural China. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062015. [PMID: 34208201 PMCID: PMC8230947 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 4 decades, China has experienced a nutritional transition and has developed the largest population of internet users. In this study, we evaluated the impacts of internet access on the nutritional intake in Chinese rural residents. An IV-Probit-based propensity score matching method was used to determine the impact of internet access on nutritional intake. The data were collected from 10,042 rural households in six Chinese provinces. The results reveal that rural residents with internet access have significantly higher energy, protein, and fat intake than those without. Chinese rural residents with internet access consumed 1.35% (28.62 kcal), 5.02% (2.61 g), and 4.33% (3.30 g) more energy, protein, and fat, respectively. There was heterogeneity in regard to the intake of energy, protein, and fat among those in different income groups. Moreover, non-staple food consumption is the main channel through which internet access affects nutritional intake. The results demonstrate that the local population uses the internet to improve their nutritional status. Further studies are required to investigate the impact of internet use on food consumed away from home and micronutrient intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xue
- Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (P.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Xinru Han
- Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (P.X.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ehsan Elahi
- School of Economics, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China;
| | - Yinyu Zhao
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Xiudong Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (P.X.); (X.W.)
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Papanikolaou Y, Slavin JL, Clemens R, Brenna JT, Hayes D, Gaesser GA, Fulgoni VL. Do Refined Grains Have a Place in a Healthy Dietary Pattern: Perspectives from an Expert Panel Consensus Meeting. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa125. [PMID: 33062912 PMCID: PMC7538308 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dietary guidance recommends increasing consumption of whole grains and concurrently limiting consumption of refined and/or enriched grain foods, emerging research suggests that certain refined grains may be part of a healthy dietary pattern. A scientific expert panel was convened to review published data since the release of 2015 dietary guidance in defined areas of grain research, which included nutrient intakes, diet quality, enrichment/fortification, and associations with weight-related outcomes. Based on a 1-d roundtable discussion, the expert panel reached consensus that 1) whole grains and refined grains can make meaningful nutrient contributions to dietary patterns, 2) whole and refined grain foods contribute nutrient density, 3) fortification and enrichment of grains remain vital in delivering nutrient adequacy in the American diet, 4) there is inconclusive scientific evidence that refined grain foods are linked to overweight and obesity, and 5) gaps exist in the scientific literature with regard to grain foods and health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne L Slavin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Roger Clemens
- USC School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Glenn A Gaesser
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Papanikolaou Y. Pasta Consumption Is Linked to Greater Nutrient Intakes and Improved Diet Quality in American Children and Adults, and Beneficial Weight-Related Outcomes Only in Adult Females. Front Nutr 2020; 7:112. [PMID: 32850935 PMCID: PMC7426435 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present analyses evaluated associations between pasta consumption, nutrient intakes, and diet quality in U.S. children (2–18 years-old; N = 323) and adults (≥19 years-old; N = 400) using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2012 dataset. An additional aim included assessing associations with pasta consumption and weight-related outcomes in adults. Consumption of dry, domestic, and imported wheat pasta/noodles without eggs defined pasta consumers. Energy intake was similar when comparing pasta consumers vs. non-consumers of pasta. Pasta consumers had increased daily intake of dietary fiber (16 ± 0.6 vs. 13 ± 0.1 g/d, p < 0.0001; 21 ± 0.8 vs. 16 ± 0.1 g/d, p < 0.0001), folate, DFE (701 ± 30 vs. 528 ± 5 μg/d, p < 0.0001; 733 ± 42 vs. 546 ± 4 μg/d, p < 0.0001), iron (16 ± 0.5 vs. 14 ± 0.1 mg/d, p = 0.01; 18 ± 0.9 vs. 16 ± 0.1 mg/d, p = 0.01), magnesium (249 ± 7 vs. 231 ± mg/d, p = 0.006; 327 ± 12 vs. 297 ± 2 mg/d, p < 0.02), and vitamin E as α-tocopherol (7 ± 0.4 vs. 6 ± 0.05 mg/d, p = 0.012; 10.0 ± 0.4 vs. 7.7 ± 0.1 mg/d, p < 0.0001), when compared to non-consumers of pasta, in children and adults, respectively. Daily intakes for potassium, calcium, vitamin A and vitamin D were similar when comparing pasta consumers to non-consumers of pasta. Adult pasta consumers had reduced added sugar and saturated fat intake, while no differences were observed for sodium intake vs. non-pasta consumption. Pasta consumption in children was associated with lower saturated fat, with no differences seen in added sugar and sodium intake. Pasta consumption was associated with an improved diet quality relative to non-pasta consumption (children: 48.6 ± 1.0 vs. 45.6 ± 0.2, p = 0.002; adult: 51.0 ± 0.9 vs. 48.9 ± 0.2, p = 0.024). No associations were observed when evaluating pasta consumption in all adults, however, gender-specific analysis revealed reduced body mass index, waist circumference, and body weight in females aged 19–50 years when compared to no pasta consumption. Overall, pasta consumption was associated with a better diet quality, improved nutrient intakes and lower intake of nutrients to limit relative to non-pasta consumption in Americans.
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Barewal R, Shune S, Ball J, Kosty D. A Comparison of Behavior of Transitional-State Foods Under Varying Oral Conditions. Dysphagia 2020; 36:316-324. [PMID: 32458146 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-020-10135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transitional foods are under-utilized in the adult population as they may provide an opportunity to optimize eating pleasure and nutrition for individuals on a modified texture diet. Yet, little is known about the behavioral properties of transitional foods and no research to date has explored the dissolution of known transitional foods in adults. This study aimed to understand the extent of dissolution of five transitional snacks items in relationship to time, tongue pressure, and amount of saliva. Thirty individuals ages 50 to 88 participated in this study (10 with diagnosed xerostomia). The foods tested included shrimp chips, Baby Mum Mums, the EAT bar, and the Savorease cracker with and without dip. Each test food was placed in the mouth for 5 s or 12 s with or without tongue pressure and then expectorated. Benchtop preparation via the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) protocol was also completed. An IDDSI fork pressure test was then performed on all samples. Significant differences between snacks were found in degree of dissolution, with Savorease crackers dissolving more consistently than all others and Baby Mum Mums dissolving least frequently than all others. Tongue pressure positively influenced the dissolution of some foods, particularly those with decreased rates of dissolution. Differences also existed between testing conditions. Overall, there was a wide variability in degree and speed of dissolution across different transitional foods and testing methods. These findings support the need for individual testing to explore post-oral processing consistency when determining the clinical utility of transitional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reva Barewal
- Fusion Dental Specialists, Happy Valley, OR, 97086, USA.
| | | | - Jason Ball
- Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97209, USA
| | - Derek Kosty
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
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Papanikolaou Y, Fulgoni VL. Grain Foods in US Infants are Associated with Greater Nutrient Intakes, Improved Diet Quality and Increased Consumption of Recommended Food Groups. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122840. [PMID: 31756905 PMCID: PMC6950092 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are limited data providing guidance on grain foods as part of a healthy dietary pattern in infants and may represent a gap in knowledge for the development of the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Scientific Advisory Committee report currently in progress. An analysis using infant data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted to assess grain food relationships with nutrient and energy intakes, diet quality, and food group consumption in infant consumers relative to non-consumers. Grain consumers were defined as infants consuming foods from the main grain food group, as defined by the US Department of Agriculture, and included whole and refined/enriched grains. All infants consuming grain foods had greater energy (kcal) vs. grain non-consumers (p's < 0.0047). While infant grain consumers 6- to 12-months-old (N = 942) had higher daily intakes of sodium and added and total sugars, these infants also had significantly higher dietary fiber, calcium, folate, potassium, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus, choline, thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin B6 compared to non-consumers. In 13- to 23-month-olds (N = 1668), grain consumption was associated with greater daily dietary fiber, iron, zinc, magnesium, phosphorus, folate, riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, vitamin A, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 relative to non-consumers. Diet quality scores were significantly higher in all infant grain consumers examined in comparison to non-consumers (p's < 0.0065). Grain intake was also linked with greater daily intake of several recommended food groups in both younger and older infants versus non-consumption of grains. The current analysis provides evidence to substantiate the inclusion of whole and enriched grain foods as part of the infant dietary pattern as beneficial associations between grain food consumption and dietary quality are apparent. Eliminating and/or reducing grain foods in infant dietary patterns may lead to unintended nutrient and health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Papanikolaou
- Nutritional Strategies, 59 Marriott Place, Paris, ON N3L 0A3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-504-9252
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