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Kong Q, Han X, Cheng H, Liu J, Zhang H, Dong T, Chen J, So KF, Mi X, Xu Y, Tang S. Lycium barbarum glycopeptide (wolfberry extract) slows N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced degradation of photoreceptors. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2290-2298. [PMID: 38488563 PMCID: PMC11034605 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202410000-00030/figure1/v/2024-02-06T055622Z/r/image-tiff Photoreceptor cell degeneration leads to blindness, for which there is currently no effective treatment. Our previous studies have shown that Lycium barbarum (L. barbarum) polysaccharide (LBP) protects degenerated photoreceptors in rd1, a transgenic mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. L. barbarum glycopeptide (LbGP) is an immunoreactive glycoprotein extracted from LBP. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effect of LbGP on a chemically induced photoreceptor-degenerative mouse model. Wild-type mice received the following: oral administration of LbGP as a protective pre-treatment on days 1-7; intraperitoneal administration of 40 mg/kg N-methyl-N-nitrosourea to induce photoreceptor injury on day 7; and continuation of orally administered LbGP on days 8-14. Treatment with LbGP increased photoreceptor survival and improved the structure of photoreceptors, retinal photoresponse, and visual behaviors of mice with photoreceptor degeneration. LbGP was also found to partially inhibit the activation of microglia in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-injured retinas and significantly decreased the expression of two pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, LbGP effectively slowed the rate of photoreceptor degeneration in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-injured mice, possibly through an anti-inflammatory mechanism, and has potential as a candidate drug for the clinical treatment of photoreceptor degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiu Han
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haiyang Cheng
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tangrong Dong
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Aier Academician Station, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Aier Academician Station, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xuesong Mi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Aier Academician Station, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Aier Academician Station, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Aier Academician Station, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Hu W, Nie Y, Huang L, Qian D. Contribution of phenolamides to the quality evaluation in Lycium spp. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118220. [PMID: 38657878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Goji berry is a general term for various plant species in the genus Lycium. Goji has long been historically used in traditional Chinese medicines. Goji is a representative tonic medicine that has the effects of nourishing the liver and kidney and benefiting the essence and eyesight. It has been widely used in the treatment of various diseases, including tinnitus, impotence, spermatorrhea and blood deficiency, since ancient times. AIM OF THE REVIEW This study aims to comprehensively summarize the quality evaluation methods of the main compounds in goji, as well as the current research status of the phenolamides in goji and their pharmacological effects, to explore the feasibility of using phenolamides as quality control markers and thus improve the quality and efficacy in goji. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant literature from PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, CNKI and other databases was comprehensively collected, screened and summarized. RESULTS According to the collected literature, the quality evaluation markers of goji in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China are Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) and betaine. As a result of its structure complexity, only the total level of LBP can be determined, while betaine is not prominent in the pharmacological action of goji and lacks species distinctiveness. Neither of them can well explain the quality of goji. KuA and KuB are commonly used as quality evaluation markers of the Lycii cortex because of their high levels and suitable pharmacological activity. Goji is rich in polyphenols, carotenoids and alkaloids. Many studies have used the above compounds to establish quality evaluation methods but the results have not been satisfactory. Phenolamides have often been neglected in previous studies because of their low single compound levels and high separation difficulty. However, in recent years, the favorable pharmacological activities of phenolamides have been gradually recognized, and studies on goji phenolamides are greatly increasing. In addition, phenolamides have higher species distinctiveness than other compounds and can be combined with other compounds to better evaluate the quality of goji to improve its average quality. CONCLUSIONS The phenolamides in the goji are rich and play a key role in antioxidation, anti-inflammation, neuroprotection and immunomodulation. As a result of their characteristics, it is suitable to evaluate the quality by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker and fingerprint. This method can be combined with other techniques to improve the quality evaluation system of goji, which lays a foundation for their effectiveness and provides a reference for new quality evaluation methods of similar herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yinglan Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Dan Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Liang H, Ren Y, Huang Y, Xie X, Zhang M. Treatment of diabetic retinopathy with herbs for tonifying kidney and activating blood circulation: A review of pharmacological studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118078. [PMID: 38513781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes. Chinese medicine believes that kidney deficiency and blood stasis are significant pathogenesis of DR. A characteristic therapeutic approach for this pathogenesis is the kidney-tonifying and blood-activating method. By literature retrieval from several databases, we methodically summarized the commonly used kidney-tonifying and blood-activating herbs for treating DR, including Lycii Fructus, Rehmanniane Radix Praeparata, and Corni Fructus with the function of nourishing kidney; Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma with the function of enhancing blood circulation; Rehmanniae Radix with the function of nourishing kidney yin; and Astragali Radix with the function of tonifying qi. It has been demonstrated that these Chinese herbs described above, by tonifying the kidney and activating blood circulation, significantly improve the course of DR. AIM OF THE STUDY Through literature research, to gain a thorough comprehension of the pathogenesis of DR. Simultaneously, through the traditional application analysis, modern pharmacology research and network pharmacology analysis of kidney-tonifying and blood-activating herbs, to review the effectiveness and advantages of kidney-tonifying and blood-activating herbs in treating DR comprehensively. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data were used to filter the most popular herbs for tonifying kidney and activating blood in the treatment of DR. The search terms were "diabetic retinopathy" and "tonifying kidney and activating blood". Mostly from 2000 to 2023. Network pharmacology was applied to examine the key active components and forecast the mechanisms of kidney-tonifying and blood-activating herbs in the treatment of DR. RESULTS Kidney deficiency and blood stasis are the pathogenesis of DR, and the pathogenesis is linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, hypoxia, and hyperglycemia. Scientific data and network pharmacology analysis have demonstrated the benefit of tonifying kidney and activating blood herbs in treating DR through several channels, multiple components, and multiple targets. CONCLUSIONS This review first presents useful information for subsequent research into the material foundation and pharmacodynamics of herbs for tonifying kidney and activating blood, and offers fresh insights into the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yuxia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xuejun Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Chen X, Zhang S, Yang L, Kong Q, Zhang W, Zhang J, Hao X, So KF, Xu Y. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate-enriched wolfberry extract improves vision in a mouse model of photoreceptor degeneration. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302742. [PMID: 38768144 PMCID: PMC11104671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (ZD) is a chemical extracted from wolfberry that protects degenerated photoreceptors in mouse retina. However, the pure ZD is expensive and hard to produce. In this study, we developed a method to enrich ZD from wolfberry on a production line and examined whether it may also protect the degenerated mouse retina. The ZD-enriched wolfberry extract (ZDE) was extracted from wolfberry by organic solvent method, and the concentration of ZD was identified by HPLC. The adult C57BL/6 mice were treated with ZDE or solvent by daily gavage for 2 weeks, at the end of the first week the animals were intraperitoneally injected with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea to induce photoreceptor degeneration. Then optomotor, electroretinogram, and immunostaining were used to test the visual behavior, retinal light responses, and structure. The final ZDE product contained ~30mg/g ZD, which was over 9 times higher than that from the dry fruit of wolfberry. Feeding degenerated mice with ZDE significantly improved the survival of photoreceptors, enhanced the retinal light responses and the visual acuity. Therefore, our ZDE product successfully alleviated retinal morphological and functional degeneration in mouse retina, which may provide a basis for further animal studies for possible applying ZDE as a supplement to treat degenerated photoreceptor in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongmin Chen
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sensen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Bairuiyuan Gouqi Corp., Yinchuan, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Qihang Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Bairuiyuan Gouqi Corp., Yinchuan, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Jinhong Zhang
- Bairuiyuan Gouqi Corp., Yinchuan, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Xiangfeng Hao
- Bairuiyuan Gouqi Corp., Yinchuan, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Chen X, Wei DD, Lin M, Wang XS, Kang HJ, Ni L, Qian DW, Guo S, Duan JA. Comparative evaluation of four Lycium barbarum cultivars on NaIO 3-induced retinal degeneration mice via multivariate statistical analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117889. [PMID: 38336183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruit of Lycium barbarum L. (goji berry) is a traditional Chinese medicine and is often used to improve vision. While various goji cultivars may differentially treat retinal degeneration, however their comparative effectiveness remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the protective effects of four goji cultivars on NaIO3-induced retinal degeneration mouse model and identify the most therapeutically potent cultivar. MATERIALS AND METHODS The principal compounds in the extracts of four goji cultivars were characterized by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. A retinal degeneration mouse model was established via NaIO3 injection. Dark-light transition and TUNEL assays were used to assess visual function and retinal apoptosis. The levels of antioxidative, inflammatory, and angiogenic markers in serums and eyeballs were measured. Hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis were used to objectively compare the treatment responses. RESULTS Sixteen compounds were identified in goji berry extracts. All goji berry extracts could reverse NaIO3-induced visual impairment, retinal damage and apoptosis. The samples from the cultivar of Ningqi No.1 significantly modulated oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels, which are more effectively than the other cultivars based on integrated multivariate profiling. CONCLUSION Ningqi No.1 demonstrated a stronger protective effect on mouse retina than other goji cultivars, and is a potential variety for further research on the treatment of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization/ National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wei
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization/ National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ming Lin
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization/ National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xue-Sen Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization/ National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Jie Kang
- Ningxia Innovation Center of Goji R & D, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Liang Ni
- Guizhou Tongde Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tongren, 554300, China
| | - Da-Wei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization/ National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization/ National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization/ National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Yang C, Yu Y, An J. Effect of High-Sucrose Diet on the Occurrence and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy and Dietary Modification Strategies. Nutrients 2024; 16:1393. [PMID: 38732638 PMCID: PMC11085904 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
As the most serious of the many worse new pathological changes caused by diabetes, there are many risk factors for the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). They mainly include hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and so on. Among them, hyperglycemia is the most critical cause, and plays a vital role in the pathological changes of DR. High-sucrose diets (HSDs) lead to elevated blood glucose levels in vivo, which, through oxidative stress, inflammation, the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cause plenty of pathological damages to the retina and ultimately bring about loss of vision. The existing therapies for DR primarily target the terminal stage of the disease, when irreversible visual impairment has appeared. Therefore, early prevention is particularly critical. The early prevention of DR-related vision loss requires adjustments to dietary habits, mainly by reducing sugar intake. This article primarily discusses the risk factors, pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms associated with the development of DR caused by HSDs. It aims to raise awareness of the crucial role of diet in the occurrence and progression of DR, promote timely changes in dietary habits, prevent vision loss and improve the quality of life. The aim is to make people aware of the importance of diet in the occurrence and progression of DR. According to the dietary modification strategies that we give, patients can change their poor eating habits in a timely manner to avoid theoretically avoidable retinopathy and obtain an excellent prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China;
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou 325101, China
| | - Yifei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianhong An
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China;
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou 325101, China
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Wang J, Wang Y, Li L, Cai S, Mao D, Lou H, Zhao J. Network pharmacology-based pharmacological mechanism prediction of Lycii Fructus against postmenopausal osteoporosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36292. [PMID: 38050297 PMCID: PMC10695557 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) has become one of most frequent bone diseases worldwide with aging population. Lycii Fructus, a common plant fruit with the property of drug homologous food, has long since been used to treat PMOP. The aim of this study is to explore pharmacological mechanisms of Lycii Fructus against PMOP through using network pharmacology approach. The active ingredients of Lycii Fructus were obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology database. Target fishing was performed on these ingredients in UniProt database for identification of the relative targets. Then, we screened the targets related to PMOP using GeneCards database and DisGeNET database. The overlapping genes between PMOP and Lycii Fructus were obtained to perform protein-protein interaction, gene ontology analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. A total of 35 active ingredients were identified in Lycii Fructus, and fished 158 related targets. Simultaneously, 292 targets associated with PMOP were obtained from GeneCards database and DisGeNET database. By drawing Venn diagram, 41 overlapping genes were obtained, and were considered as therapeutically relevant. Gene ontology enrichment analysis predicted that anti-inflammation and promotion of angiogenesis might be 2 potential mechanism of Lycii Fructus for PMOP treatment. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed several pathways, such as IL-17 pathway, TNF pathway, MAPK pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and HIF signaling pathway were involved in regulating these 2 biological processes. Through the method of network pharmacology, we systematically investigated the mechanisms of Lycii Fructus against PMOP. The identified multi-targets and multi-pathways provide new insights to further determinate its exact pharmacological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital Health Care Group of Cixi, Ningbo, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Leyan Li
- The 3rd School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuiqi Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital Health Care Group of Cixi, Ningbo, China
| | - Dandan Mao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Hongkan Lou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Wang L, Zhang C, Pang L, Wang Y. Integrated network pharmacology and experimental validation to explore the potential pharmacological mechanism of Qihuang Granule and its main ingredients in regulating ferroptosis in AMD. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:420. [PMID: 37990310 PMCID: PMC10664676 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qihuang Granule (QHG) is a traditional prescription that has exhibited potential in safeguarding against age-related maculopathy (AMD). Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) and Fructus lycii (FL) are the main components of QHG. Ferroptosis, a newly discovered, iron-dependent, regulated cell death pathway, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AMD. This study delves into the intricate mechanism by which SM/FL and QHG confer protection against AMD by modulating the ferroptosis pathway, employing a combination of network pharmacology and experimental validation. METHODS Bioactive compounds and potential targets of SM and FL were gathered from databases such as TCMSP, GeneCard, OMIM, and FerrDb, along with AMD-related genes and key genes responsible for ferroptosis regulation. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were performed to discover the potential mechanism. The construction of an interaction network involving AMD, ferroptosis, SM/FL potential target genes was facilitated by the STRING database and realized using Cytoscape software. Subsequent validation was accomplished through molecular docking and in vitro cell experiments. RESULTS Noteworthy active compounds including quercetin, tanshinone IIA, luteolin, cryptotanshinone, and hub targets such as HIF-1α, EGFR, IL6, and VEGFA were identified. KEGG enrichment unveiled the HIF-1 signalling pathway as profoundly enriched, and IL6 and VEGF were involved. The molecular docking revealed the significant active compounds with hub genes and quercetin showed good binding to HIF-1α, which is involved in inflammation and angiogenesis. Experimental results verified that both herbs and QHG could regulate key ferroptosis-related targets in the retinal pigment epithelium and inhibit the expression of HIF-1α, VEGFA, and IL-6, subsequently increase cell viability and decrease the ROS content induced by H2O2. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the molecular mechanism through which SM/FL and QHG protect against AMD and emerges as a plausible mechanism underlying this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111DaDe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Canyang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Long Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111DaDe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111DaDe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
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Zhu C, Zhang Z, Wang S, Sun Z. Study on the mechanism of Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus, and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in sedation and tranquillising mind. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10756-x. [PMID: 37917323 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10756-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
This study analysed the pharmacological mechanism of Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus, and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in sedation and tranquillising mind using network pharmacology methods. The findings of this study aimed to serve as a reference for the development of novel drugs and the clinical expansion and application of traditional Chinese medicine formulas. The chemical constituents and therapeutic targets of Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus, and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen were acquired from TCMSP, HERB, and ETCM databases. Active components were identified using ADME criteria, while the primary targets associated with sedation and mental tranquillity were obtained from GENECARDS, OMIM, and DRUGBANK databases. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was conducted using the STRING platform to investigate potential functional protein modules by the network. The METASCAPE platform was employed for the study of the "component-target" and its associated biological processes and pathways. Subsequently, the "component-target" network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.1 software. Finally, the validation of molecular docking was conducted through AUTODOCK. The findings revealed that Quercetin, Atropine, Dauricine, (S)-Coclaurine, and other active ingredients were identified as the core constituents of Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus, and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen. Additionally, PTGS2, PTGS1, MAOB, GABRA1, SLC6A2, ADRB2, CHRM1, HTR2A, and other targets were identified as the core targets. The results of the molecular docking analysis demonstrated that Quercetin, Atropine, Dauricine, and (S)-Coclaurine exhibited binding solid affinity towards PTGS2 and PTGS1. The predominant biological pathways associated with sedation and tranquilisation primarily involved Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and activation of receptors involved in chemical carcinogenesis. This study provided initial findings on the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanism underlying the sedative and tranquillising effects of Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus, and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen. These findings had the potential to serve as a foundation for the future development and utilisation of Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus, and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Zhengru Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Shangtao Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Zhirong Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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10
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Ma R, Zhang M, Yang X, Guo J, Fan Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals genes related to the synthesis and metabolism of cell wall polysaccharides in goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) from various regions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7050-7060. [PMID: 37340801 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In goji berries (Lycium barbarum L.), the cell wall properties and ripening environment affect fruit quality and their economic benefits. However, the mechanism underlying the cell wall remains to be fully elucidated. RESULTS The results showed that total sugar content was higher in Qinghai berries (13.87%, P < 0.01), whereas cellulose content peaked in Zhongning berries (28%, P < 0.05). Arabinose, galactose, and galacturonic acid were the principal components of the cell wall polysaccharides in goji berries. Among them, the content of galactose in Zhongning was significantly the highest (P < 0.05). Interestingly, we found that highly expressed β-glucosidase and lowly expressed endoglucanase led to cellulose accumulation by RNA-sequencing analysis. The expression analysis results suggested that pectate lyase and pectinesterase enzymes could be major factors related to higher galactose and galacturonic acid contents in Zhongning compared to in Qinghai and Gansu. The starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, pentose and glucuronate interconversions pathway, and galactose metabolism pathway played a significant role in cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and metabolism. CONCLUSION In the present study, we aimed to provide some insights into the cell wall on polysaccharide composition, structural features, and gene analysis in goji berries from Zhongning, Qinghai, and Gansu in China. These results might help to clarify the molecular function of the major genes in the cell wall polysaccharides of goji berries and provide a solid foundation for further study. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Ma
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jia Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanli Fan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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11
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Xiong M, Ou C, Yu C, Qiu J, Lu J, Fu C, Peng Q, Zeng M, Song H. Qi-Shen-Tang alleviates retinitis pigmentosa by inhibiting ferroptotic features via the NRF2/GPX4 signaling pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22443. [PMID: 38034716 PMCID: PMC10687062 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis has been observed during retinal photoreceptor cell death, suggesting that it plays a role in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) pathogenesis. Qi-Shen-Tang (QST) is a combination of two traditional Chinese medicines used for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases; however, its mechanism of action in RP and ferroptosis remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect and potential molecular mechanisms of QST on RP. QST significantly improved tissue morphology and function of the retina in the RP model mice. A significant increase in retinal blood flow and normalization of the fundus structure were observed in mice in the treatment group. After QST treatment, the level of iron and the production of malondialdehyde decreased significantly; the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione increased significantly; and the protein expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), glutathione synthetase, solute carrier family 7 member 11, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) increased significantly. The molecular docking results demonstrated potential interactions between the small molecules of QST and the key proteins of NRF2/GPX4 signaling pathway. Our results indicate that QST may inhibit ferroptosis by inhibiting the NRF2/GPX4 signaling pathway, thereby reducing RP-induced damage to retinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Chen Ou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Chang Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Jingyue Qiu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Chaojun Fu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Qinghua Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Meiyan Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Houpan Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
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12
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Alsuhaymi S, Singh U, Al-Younis I, Kharbatia NM, Haneef A, Chandra K, Dhahri M, Assiri MA, Emwas AH, Jaremko M. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of four date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars using MS and NMR. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:44. [PMID: 37870666 PMCID: PMC10593664 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00406-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times, the inhabitants of dry areas have depended on the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) as a staple food and means of economic security. For example, dates have been a staple diet for the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Sahara Desert in North Africa for millennia and the local culture is rich in knowledge and experience with the benefits of dates, suggesting that dates contain many substances essential for the human body. Madinah dates are considered one of the most important types of dates in the Arabian Peninsula, with Ajwa being one of the most famous types and grown only in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Date seeds are traditionally used for animal feed, seed oil production, cosmetics, and as a coffee substitute. Phytochemical compounds that have been detected in date fruits and date seeds include phenolic acids, carotenoids, and flavonoids. Phenolic acids are the most prevalent bioactive constituents that contribute to the antioxidant activity of date fruits. The bioactive properties of these phytochemicals are believed to promote human health by reducing the risk of diseases such as chronic inflammation. Ajwa dates especially are thought to have superior bioactivity properties. To investigate these claims, in this study, we compare the metabolic profiles of Ajwa with different types of dates collected from Saudi Arabia and Tunisia. We show by UHPLC-MS that date seeds contain several classes of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and amino acid derivatives, including citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, and hydroxyadipic acid. Additionally, GC-MS profiling showed that date seeds are richer in metabolite classes, such as hydrocinnamic acids (caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids), than flesh samples. Deglet N fruit extract (minimum inhibitory concentration: 27 MIC/μM) and Sukkari fruit extract (IC50: 479 ± 0.58μg /mL) have higher levels of antibacterial and antioxidative activity than Ajwa fruits. However, the seed analysis showed that seed extracts have better bioactivity effects than fruit extracts. Specifically, Ajwa extract showed the best MIC and strongest ABTS radical-scavenging activity among examined seed extracts (minimum inhibitory concentration: 20 μM; IC50: 54 ± 3.61μg /mL). Our assays are a starting point for more advanced in vitro antibacterial models and investigation into the specific molecules that are responsible for the antioxidative and anti-bacterial activities of dates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuruq Alsuhaymi
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Upendra Singh
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Inas Al-Younis
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Najeh M Kharbatia
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Haneef
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdullah Int Medical Research Center, NGHA, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kousik Chandra
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manel Dhahri
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, 46423, Yanbu Branch, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Assiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 4700, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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13
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Zhou W, Liu P, Xu W, Ran L, Yan Y, Lu L, Zeng X, Cao Y, Mi J. A purified fraction of polysaccharides from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. improves glucose homeostasis and intestinal barrier function in high-fat diet-fed mice. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37203380 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00262d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) consumption can induce intestinal barrier dysfunction and disrupt glucose metabolism. Our previous studies have demonstrated that polysaccharides obtained from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. (LBPs) could suppress acute experimental diabetes as well as colitis in mice. In the present study, the modulating effects of a purified fraction of LBPs, named LBPs-4, on glucose homeostasis and intestinal barrier function in mice fed with a HFD were investigated. Our results indicated that the oral administration of LBP-4 (200 mg per kg per day) improved hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and islet β-cell hyperplasia in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, LBPs-4 intervention enhanced the intestinal barrier integrity by increasing the expression levels of zonula occludens 1 and claudin-1 and the number of goblet cells in the colon. LBPs-4 also modulated the composition of gut microbiota by increasing the relative abundances of butyrate producer Allobaculum and acetate producer Romboutsia. The results of fecal transplantation experiments, transferring of microbiota from LBPs-4-fed donor mice to HFD-fed recipient mice, validated the cause-effect relationship between LBPs-4-evoked changes in the gut microbiota and improvement of glucose homeostasis and intestinal barrier function. Collectively, these findings suggested that LBPs-4 might be developed as promising prebiotics to improve glucose metabolism and gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangting Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peiyun Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weiqi Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Linwu Ran
- Laboratory Animal Center of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yamei Yan
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Youlong Cao
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Jia Mi
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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14
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Li X, Holt RR, Keen CL, Morse LS, Zivkovic AM, Yiu G, Hackman RM. Potential roles of dietary zeaxanthin and lutein in macular health and function. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:670-683. [PMID: 36094616 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin are three xanthophyll carotenoid pigments that selectively concentrate in the center of the retina. Humans cannot synthesize lutein and zeaxanthin, so these compounds must be obtained from the diet or supplements, with meso-zeaxanthin being converted from lutein in the macula. Xanthophylls are major components of macular pigments that protect the retina through the provision of oxidant defense and filtering of blue light. The accumulation of these three xanthophylls in the central macula can be quantified with non-invasive methods, such as macular pigment optical density (MPOD). MPOD serves as a useful tool for assessing risk for, and progression of, age-related macular degeneration, the third leading cause of blindness worldwide. Dietary surveys suggest that the dietary intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin are decreasing. In addition to low dietary intake, pregnancy and lactation may compromise the lutein and zeaxanthin status of both the mother and infant. Lutein is found in modest amounts in some orange- and yellow-colored vegetables, yellow corn products, and in egg yolks, but rich sources of zeaxanthin are not commonly consumed. Goji berries contain the highest known levels of zeaxanthin of any food, and regular intake of these bright red berries may help protect against the development of age-related macular degeneration through an increase in MPOD. The purpose of this review is to summarize the protective function of macular xanthophylls in the eye, speculate on the compounds' role in maternal and infant health, suggest the establishment of recommended dietary values for lutein and zeaxanthin, and introduce goji berries as a rich food source of zeaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- are with the Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Roberta R Holt
- are with the Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Carl L Keen
- are with the Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
- is with the Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Lawrence S Morse
- are with the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Angela M Zivkovic
- re with the Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Glenn Yiu
- are with the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Robert M Hackman
- are with the Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
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15
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Qi SM, Zhang JT, Zhu HY, Wang Z, Li W. Review on potential effects of traditional Chinese medicine on glaucoma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116063. [PMID: 36567037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Glaucoma is the second most common blindness in the world, which seriously affects the life quality of patients. Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM), are important plant materials, widely used for ocular disease all over the world. With the help of modern ophthalmic detection technology, TCM has gradually become an important content in the field of ophthalmology, characterized by more targets and lower toxicity. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review presents an overview of the pathogenesis of glaucoma in both modern and traditional medicines, and summarizes the therapeutic effect of TCM on glaucoma including their formula, crude drugs and active components, and also the application of acupuncture. METHODS A collection and collation of relevant scientific articles from different scientific databases was performed regarding TCM and its application on glaucoma. The therapeutic effects of TCM were summarized and analyzed according to the existing experimental and clinical researches, while the GSE26299 database were employed to screen bioinformatics analysis of glaucoma based on the GEO database chip. RESULTS There were many positive signs showing that TCM could increase the survival rate of retinal ganglion cells, which may be related to its regulation of microcirculation, oxidative stress, and the immune system. Hence, TCM plays an active role in treating glaucoma. In addition, the bioinformatics analysis predicted that the pathogenesis of glaucoma might be related to p53, MAPK, NF-κB signal, as well as other pathways by KEGG analysis, and the results from bioinformatics analysis predicted that PIK3R6, FGF1, and TYRP1 etc. CONCLUSION: TCM exerts definite effects on preventing and treating ocular disease. It could alleviate and treat glaucoma in various ways. The differentiation syndrome should thus be taken as the basis to propose appropriate treatment options of TCM making their application on glaucoma more popular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Qi
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Jing-Tian Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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16
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Zheng HL, Li MT, Zhou T, Wang YY, Shang EX, Hua YQ, Duan JA, Zhu Y. Protective effects of Lycium barbarum L. berry extracts against oxidative stress-induced damage of the retina of aging mouse and ARPE-19 cells. Food Funct 2023; 14:399-412. [PMID: 36512065 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02788g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of Lycium barbarum L. berry extract on age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the main components responsible for its antioxidant activity. An AMD mouse model was developed by feeding 18-month-old mice with a 1% hydroquinone diet. Meanwhile, the model mice were treated with water extract (LBW) and alcohol extract (LBE) of L. barbarum berries respectively for 3 months. It was found that the retinal structural abnormalities were improved and the oxidation stress and inflammatory imbalance were both attenuated in model mice treated with the extracts of L. barbarum berries. According to the metabolomics analysis of the serum of model mice, LBW regulated the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids and sphingolipids, while LBE extracts tended to regulate taurine metabolism. On sodium iodate induced oxidative injury of ARPE-19 cells, water extracts of L. barbarum berries eluted with 95% ethanol (LBW-95E) on AB-8 macroporous resin significantly improved the cell viability and attenuated oxidative stress by increasing the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) content, decreasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, promoting the entry of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) into the nucleus and up-regulating the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Scopoletin, N-trans-feruloyltyramine and perlolyrine were identified as the main components of LBW-95E. These results demonstrated that L. barbarum berry extracts protected the retina of aging AMD model mice from degeneration and LBW-95E was the vital antioxidant activity fraction of LBW. These findings suggest that L. barbarum berry extracts might be an excellent natural source for the development of retinal protection-related drugs or dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Zheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Meng-Ting Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Tong Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Ying-Yi Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Er-Xin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yong-Qing Hua
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yue Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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17
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Gao D, Chen H, Li H, Yang X, Guo X, Zhang Y, Ma J, Yang J, Ma S. Extraction, structural characterization, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides derived from Arctium lappa L. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1149137. [PMID: 37025610 PMCID: PMC10070700 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1149137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Arctium lappa L. root has high nutritional and medicinal values and has been identified as a healthy food raw material by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. Methods In the present study, an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-(NH4)2SO4 was used to extract Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides (ALPs) from the Arctium lappa L. roots, the optimal extraction conditions of crude ALPs were optimized by using the single-factor experiment and response surface methodology. The structure and composition of ALPs were determined by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At the same time, the antioxidant activity of ALPs was investigated by in vitro antioxidant experiment. Results The optimized extraction parameters for extraction ALPs were as follows: the PEG relative molecular weight of 6,000, a quality fraction of PEG 25%, a quality fraction of (NH4)2SO4 18%, and an extraction temperature of 80°C. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of ALPs could reach 28.83%. FTIR, SEM and HPLC results showed that ALPs were typical acidic heteropolysaccharides and had uneven particle size distribution, an irregular shape, and a rough surface. The ALPs were chiefly composed of glucose, rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose with a molar ratio of 70.19:10.95:11.16:6.90. In addition, the ALPs had intense antioxidant activity in vitro with IC50 values in the ·OH radical (1.732 mg/ml), DPPH radical (0.29 mg/ml), and superoxide anion (0.15 mg/ml) scavenging abilities. Discussion The results showed that ATPS was an efficient method to extract polysaccharides and could be used for the extraction of other polysaccharides. These results indicated that ALPs had great prospects as a functional food and could be exploited in multiple fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Gao
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haixing Li
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuhua Yang
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingchen Guo
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinpu Ma
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jutian Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jutian Yang
| | - Shuwen Ma
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
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Lu A, Duan P, Xie J, Gao H, Chen M, Gong Y, Li J, Xu H. Recent progress and research trend of anti-cataract pharmacology therapy: A bibliometric analysis and literature review. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 934:175299. [PMID: 36181780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation causes great burden to global healthcare, especially for low- and middle-income countries. Such burden would be significantly relieved if cataracts can effectively be treated or delayed by non-surgical means. Excitingly, novel drugs have been developed to treat cataracts in recent decades. For example, oxysterols are found to be able to innovatively reverse lens clouding, novel nanotechnology-loaded drugs improve anti-cataract pharmacological effect, and traditional Chinese medicine demonstrates promising therapeutic effects against cataracts. In the present review, we performed bibliometric analysis to provide an overview perspective regarding the research status, hot topics, and academic trends in the field of anti-cataract pharmacology therapy. We further reviewed the curative effects and molecular mechanisms of anti-cataract drugs such as lanosterol, metformin, resveratrol and curcumin, and prospected the possibility of their clinical application in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Lu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Duan
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
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19
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Zhou W, Yang T, Xu W, Huang Y, Ran L, Yan Y, Mi J, Lu L, Sun Y, Zeng X, Cao Y. The polysaccharides from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. confer anti-diabetic effect by regulating gut microbiota and intestinal barrier. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Effects of Lycium barbarum L. Polysaccharides on Vascular Retinopathy: An Insight Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175628. [PMID: 36080395 PMCID: PMC9457721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular retinopathy is a pathological change in the retina caused by ocular or systemic vascular diseases that can lead to blurred vision and the risk of blindness. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are extracted from the fruit of traditional Chinese medicine, L. barbarum. They have strong biological activities, including immune regulation, antioxidation, and neuroprotection, and have been shown to improve vision in numerous studies. At present, there is no systematic literature review of LBPs on vascular retinal prevention and treatment. We review the structural characterization and extraction methods of LBPs, focus on the mechanism and pharmacokinetics of LBPs in improving vascular retinopathy, and discuss the future clinical application and lack of work. LBPs are involved in the regulation of VEGF, Rho/ROCK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Nrf2/HO-1, AGEs/RAGE signaling pathways, which can alleviate the occurrence and development of vascular retinal diseases in an inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and neuroprotection. LBPs are mainly absorbed by the small intestine and stomach and excreted through urine and feces. Their low bioavailability in vivo has led to the development of novel dosage forms, including multicompartment delivery systems and scaffolds. Data from the literature confirm the medicinal potential of LBPs as a new direction for the prevention and complementary treatment of vascular retinopathy.
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21
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Qi XW, Liu YM, Hu YK, Yuan H, Ayeni EA, Liao X. Ligand fishing based on tubular microchannel modified with monoamine oxidase B for screening of the enzyme's inhibitors from Crocus sativus and Edgeworthia gardneri. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2394-2405. [PMID: 35461190 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy of performing ligand fishing with enzyme-modified open tubular microchannel was proposed for screening bioactive components present in medicinal plants. Monoamine oxidase B was immobilized onto the surface of the microchannel for the first time to specifically extract its ligands when the plant's extracts solution flows through the channel. The thermal and the storage stability of immobilized monoamine oxidase B were significantly enhanced after immobilization. Crocin I and Ⅱ were extracted from Crocus sativus, and tiliroside was extracted from Edgeworthia gardneri. All the three compounds were inhibitors of the enzyme with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 26.70 ± 0.91, 19.88 ± 2.78, and 15.65 ± 0.85 μM, respectively. The enzyme inhibition kinetics and molecular docking were investigated. This is the first report on the inhibitory effects of tiliroside and crocin Ⅱ. The novel ligand fishing method proposed in this work possesses advantages of rapidness, high efficiency, and tiny sample consumption compared to routine ligand fishing, with promising potential for screening active natural products in complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Wei Qi
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Yi-Kao Hu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Emmanuel Ayodeji Ayeni
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xun Liao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China
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22
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Pinilla I, Maneu V, Campello L, Fernández-Sánchez L, Martínez-Gil N, Kutsyr O, Sánchez-Sáez X, Sánchez-Castillo C, Lax P, Cuenca N. Inherited Retinal Dystrophies: Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Their Physiopathology and Therapeutic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061086. [PMID: 35739983 PMCID: PMC9219848 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a large group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration of the retina, ultimately leading to loss of visual function. Oxidative stress and inflammation play fundamental roles in the physiopathology of these diseases. Photoreceptor cell death induces an inflammatory state in the retina. The activation of several molecular pathways triggers different cellular responses to injury, including the activation of microglia to eliminate debris and recruit inflammatory cells from circulation. Therapeutical options for IRDs are currently limited, although a small number of patients have been successfully treated by gene therapy. Many other therapeutic strategies are being pursued to mitigate the deleterious effects of IRDs associated with oxidative metabolism and/or inflammation, including inhibiting reactive oxygen species’ accumulation and inflammatory responses, and blocking autophagy. Several compounds are being tested in clinical trials, generating great expectations for their implementation. The present review discusses the main death mechanisms that occur in IRDs and the latest therapies that are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pinilla
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa, University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Surgery, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Laura Campello
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Natalia Martínez-Gil
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Carla Sánchez-Castillo
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Pedro Lax
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
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23
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Mechanism of glycometabolism regulation by bioactive compounds from the fruits of Lycium barbarum: A review. Food Res Int 2022; 159:111408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Olivares-González L, Salom D, González-García E, Hervás D, Mejía-Chiqui N, Melero M, Velasco S, Muresan BT, Campillo I, Vila-Clérigues N, López-Briz E, Merino-Torres JF, Millán JM, Soriano Del Castillo JM, Rodrigo R. NUTRARET: Effect of 2-Year Nutraceutical Supplementation on Redox Status and Visual Function of Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:847910. [PMID: 35387197 PMCID: PMC8979249 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.847910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2-year nutritional intervention with antioxidant nutraceuticals on the visual function of RP patients. Secondly, we assessed how nutritional intervention affected ocular and systemic redox status. We carried out a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Thirty-one patients with RP participated in the study. RP patients randomly received either a mixture of nutraceuticals (NUT) containing folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin A, zinc, copper, selenium, lutein, and zeaxanthin or placebo daily for 2 years. At baseline and after 2-year of the nutritional supplementation, visual function, dietetic-nutritional evaluations, serum concentration of nutraceuticals, plasma and aqueous humor concentration of several markers of redox status and inflammation were assessed. Retinal function and structure were assessed by multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG), spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and automated visual field (VF) tests. Nutritional status was estimated with validated questionnaires. Total antioxidant capacity, extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, protein carbonyl adducts (CAR) content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation (as indicator of lipid peroxidation), metabolites of the nitric oxide (NOX) and cytokine (interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha) concentrations were assessed by biochemical and immunological techniques in aqueous humor or/and blood. Bayesian approach was performed to determine the probability of an effect. Region of practical equivalence (ROPE) was used. At baseline, Bayesian analysis revealed a high probability of an altered ocular redox status and to a lesser extent systemic redox status in RP patients compared to controls. Twenty-five patients (10 in the treated arm and 15 in the placebo arm) completed the nutritional intervention. After 2 years of supplementation, patients who received NUT presented better retinal responses (mfERG responses) compared to patients who received placebo. Besides, patients who received NUT showed better ocular antioxidant response (SOD3 activity) and lower oxidative damage (CAR) than those who received placebo. This study suggested that long-term NUT supplementation could slow down visual impairment and ameliorate ocular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Olivares-González
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Rare Diseases CIPF-Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS-La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - David Salom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Manises Hospital, Manises, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Hervás
- Department of Applied Statistics, Operations Research and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Natalia Mejía-Chiqui
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Melero
- Service of Pharmacy, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sheyla Velasco
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Bianca Tabita Muresan
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University General Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Campillo
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo López-Briz
- Service of Pharmacy, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Merino-Torres
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics UV-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José María Millán
- Joint Research Unit on Rare Diseases CIPF-Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS-La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomic Biomedicine, IIS-La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miguel Soriano Del Castillo
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics UV-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Food & Health Laboratory, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia (UV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Regina Rodrigo
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Rare Diseases CIPF-Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS-La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics UV-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia (UV), Valencia, Spain
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25
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Zhao WH, Shi YP. A porous boron nitride nanorods-based QuEChERS analysis method for detection of five neonicotinoid pesticide residues in goji berries. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1670:462968. [PMID: 35339745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To accurately determine neonicotinoid pesticide residues in goji berries, porous boron nitride nanorods (p-BNNRs) were prepared and used as a new QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) clean-up sorbent. Combined with ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), a modified QuEChERS method was developed to determine five neonicotinoid pesticide residues in goji berries. In goji berries, the p-BNNRs were shown to have a greater clean-up ability than typical clean-up materials (C18, PSA) The recoveries of the five targets ranged from 78.1 to 117.3% at three fortified levels, and the LODs ranged from 2.2 to 3.7 μg kg-1. The results indicate that this approach could be successfully used to quickly determine of the five neonicotinoid insecticide residues in goji berries for risk assessment purposes, demonstrating the applicability and suitability of p-BNNRs for the routine evaluation of neonicotinoid insecticide residues in goji berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yan-Ping Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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26
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Guo P, Zhang B, Zhao J, Wang C, Wang Z, Liu A, Du G. Medicine-Food Herbs against Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of Their Traditional Functional Features, Substance Basis, Clinical Practices and Mechanisms of Action. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030901. [PMID: 35164167 PMCID: PMC8839204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that currently has reached epidemic proportions among elderly populations around the world. In China, available traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) that organically combine functional foods with medicinal values are named “Medicine Food Homology (MFH)”. In this review, we focused on MFH varieties for their traditional functional features, substance bases, clinical uses, and mechanisms of action (MOAs) for AD prevention and treatment. We consider the antiAD active constituents from MFH species, their effects on in vitro/in vivo AD models, and their drug targets and signal pathways by summing up the literature via a systematic electronic search (SciFinder, PubMed, and Web of Science). In this paper, several MFH plant sources are discussed in detail from in vitro/in vivo models and methods, to MOAs. We found that most of the MFH varieties exert neuroprotective effects and ameliorate cognitive impairments by inhibiting neuropathological signs (Aβ-induced toxicity, amyloid precursor protein, and phosphorylated Tau immunoreactivity), including anti-inflammation, antioxidative stress, antiautophagy, and antiapoptosis, etc. Indeed, some MFH substances and their related phytochemicals have a broad spectrum of activities, so they are superior to simple single-target drugs in treating chronic diseases. This review can provide significant guidance for people’s healthy lifestyles and drug development for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Baoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ailin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (G.D.)
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (G.D.)
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Vidović BB, Milinčić DD, Marčetić MD, Djuriš JD, Ilić TD, Kostić AŽ, Pešić MB. Health Benefits and Applications of Goji Berries in Functional Food Products Development: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020248. [PMID: 35204130 PMCID: PMC8868247 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Goji berries have long been used for their nutritional value and medicinal purposes in Asian countries. In the last two decades, goji berries have become popular around the world and are consumed as a functional food due to wide-range bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties. In addition, they are gaining increased research attention as a source of functional ingredients with potential industrial applications. This review focuses on the antioxidant properties of goji berries, scientific evidence on their health effects based on human interventional studies, safety concerns, goji berry processing technologies, and applications of goji berry-based ingredients in developing functional food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana B. Vidović
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Danijel D. Milinčić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.M.); (A.Ž.K.); (M.B.P.)
| | - Mirjana D. Marčetić
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jelena D. Djuriš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tijana D. Ilić
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandar Ž. Kostić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.M.); (A.Ž.K.); (M.B.P.)
| | - Mirjana B. Pešić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.M.); (A.Ž.K.); (M.B.P.)
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Goji Berry Intake Increases Macular Pigment Optical Density in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Pilot Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124409. [PMID: 34959963 PMCID: PMC8708314 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the third leading cause of blindness worldwide. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD), a biomarker for AMD, is a non-invasive measure to assess risk. The macula xanthophyll pigments lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) protect against blue light and provide oxidant defense, which can be indexed by MPOD. This study examined the effects of Z-rich goji berry intake on MPOD and skin carotenoids in healthy individuals. A randomized, unmasked, parallel-arm study was conducted with 27 participants, aged 45–65, who consumed either 28 g of goji berries or a supplement containing 6 mg L and 4 mg Z (LZ), five times weekly for 90 days. After 90 days, MPOD was significantly increased in the goji berry group at 0.25 and 1.75 retinal eccentricities (p = 0.029 and p = 0.044, respectively), while no changes were noted in the LZ group. Skin carotenoids were significantly increased in the goji berry group at day 45 (p = 0.025) and day 90 (p = 0.006), but not in the LZ group. Regular intake of goji berries in a healthy middle-aged population increases MPOD may help prevent or delay the development of AMD.
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Han F, Wang C, Zhou L, Mo M, Kong X, Chai Z, Deng L, Zhang J, Cao K, Wei C, Xu L, Chen J. Research advances on antioxidation, neuroprotection, and molecular mechanisms of
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2021.9050019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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The mature fruit of Lycium chinense Miller attenuates cisplatin-induced renal damage in mice via regulation of oxidant and antioxidant enzymes. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Carotenoid Contents of Lycium barbarum: A Novel QAMS Analyses, Geographical Origins Discriminant Evaluation, and Storage Stability Assessment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175374. [PMID: 34500806 PMCID: PMC8433794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the standard substances of zeaxanthin and its homologues obtained from Lycium barbarum L. (LB) are extremely scarce and unstable, a novel quantitative analysis of carotenoids by single marker method, named QAMS, was established. Four carotenoids including lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, and zeaxanthin dipalmitate were determined simultaneously by employing trans-β-apo-8′-carotenal, a carotenoid component which did not exist in LB, as standard reference. Meanwhile, β-carotene, another carotenoid constituent which existed in LB, was determined as contrast. The QAMS methods were fully verified and exhibited low standard method difference with the external standard method (ESM), evidenced by the contents of four carotenoids in 34 batches of LB samples determined using ESM and QAMS methods, respectively. HCA, PCA, and OPLS-DA analysis disclosed that LB samples could be clearly differentiated into two groups: one contained LB samples collected from Ningxia and Gansu; the other was from Qinghai, which was directly related to the different geographical location. Once exposed under high humidity (RH 75 ± 5%) at a high temperature (45 ± 5 °C) as compared with ambient temperature (25 ± 5 °C), from day 0 to day 28, zeaxanthin dipalmitate content was significantly decreased, and ultimately, all the decrease rates reached about 80%, regardless of the storage condition. Our results provide a good basis for improving the quality control of LB.
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Improvement of Presbyopia Using a Mixture of Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines, Including Cassiae Semen, Wolfberry, and Dendrobium huoshanense. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9902211. [PMID: 34354761 PMCID: PMC8331274 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9902211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Presbyopia is a primary cause of a decline in near vision. In this study, we developed a new mixed herbal medicine to retard presbyopic progression and increase the amplitude of accommodation (AA), which is beneficial for near vision. Methods A total of 400 participants between the ages of 45 and 70 years were recruited. We designed the mixed herbal drug to include Cassiae Semen (200 mg), wolfberry (200 mg), and Dendrobium huoshanense (DD) (40 mg) in one capsule. In experiment 1, the recruited subjects were directed to perform a push-up test to measure their AA; this was then converted to the additional diopters of reading glasses. In experiment 2, 240 subjects took three capsules daily for six months and then stopped medical therapy for a six-month follow-up. In experiment 3, 160 subjects were randomly categorized into four groups: a placebo group, low-dose group (LDG) (1 capsule daily), middle-dose group (MDG) (two capsules daily), and high-dose group (HDG) (three capsules daily). The 160 volunteers took different doses for six months and then stopped treatment, accompanied by another six-month follow-up. In experiments 2 and 3, the change in AA, uncorrected far visual acuity (UFVA), and uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) were recorded each month for one year. Results In experiment 1, AA was found to decrease with age and a great deal of additional power was needed in older individuals. In experiment 2, the mean AA reached a maximum value of 2.1D (P < 0.05) after six months, while the UNVA improved by about two to three lines of a Jaeger chart in most of the subjects. At nine months, all the means decreased slightly to 2.0 D (P < 0.05). This meant that the mixed herbal medicine could still maintain AA for another three months because the herbal therapy was stopped at the seventh month. In experiment 3, the maximal AA was 2.8D, 2.9D, and 3.2D (P < 0.05) in the LDG, MDG, and HDG after six-month treatments, respectively. Experiment 3 showed that AA gain occurred in a dose-dependent manner; the higher the dose, the greater the AA value. Conclusion Only two studies on the use of herbal drugs for presbyopia have been reported in PubMed. In our study, we found that taking a mixed herbal drug caused an excellent gain in AA. This is the first study to report that the characteristics of the new herbal regimen could retard and even ameliorate presbyopia.
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Chen X, Zuo J, Hu T, Shi X, Zhu Y, Wu H, Xia Y, Shi W, Wei W. Exploration of the Effect and Mechanism of Fructus Lycii, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, and Paeonia lactiflora in the Treatment of AMD Based on Network Pharmacology and in vitro Experimental Verification. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:2831-2842. [PMID: 34234414 PMCID: PMC8254409 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s310481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to observe the mechanism of Fructus Lycii (FL), Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (RRP) and Paeonia lactiflora (PL) in treating age-related macular degeneration (AMD) based on network pharmacology and biological experiments. Methods Bioactive compounds, potential targets of FL, RRP and PL, and genes related to AMD, were acquired from public databases. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses of the core targets were conducted by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Subsequently, the finding was further verified with cell experiments. The MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis were used to assess cell viability and apoptosis. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was analyzed by DCFH-DA staining; the activity of antioxidant enzymes was chemically measured with assay kits. The expression of key proteins was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results Fifty-nine active compounds, 182 potential targets, and 2536 AMD-related human genes were identified. A total of 103 key targets of the three herbs on AMD were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. The abovementioned targets were correlated with nuclear receptor activity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis pathways according to the GO and KEGG analyses. MTT assay and flow cytometry demonstrated that pretreatment of ARPE-19 cells with the three herbs significantly increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis induced by H2O2. The three herbs might reduce the intracellular ROS levels and increase the SOD and CAT activities after H2O2. Furthermore, the three herbs significantly inhibited oxidative stress via increasing the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1. Conclusion The combined results of network pharmacology and validation experiments showed that FL, RRP and PL reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis in RPE cells to exert its effect in the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianming Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Shi
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
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