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Duan DM, Wang YC, Hu X, Wang YB, Wang YQ, Hu Y, Zhou XJ, Dong XZ. Effects of regulating gut microbiota by electroacupuncture in the chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model. Neuroscience 2024; 557:24-36. [PMID: 39128700 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment on depression, and the potential molecular mechanism of EA in depression-like behaviors rats. METHODS A total of 40 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: normal control, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and EA (CUMS + EA). The rats in CUMS and EA groups underwent chronic stress for 10 weeks, and EA group rats received EA treatment for 4 weeks starting from week 7. Body weight and behavioral tests, including the sucrose preference test (SPT), the forced swimming test (FST), and the open field test (OFT) were monitored. Gut microbiota composition was assessed via 16S rDNA sequencing, and lipid metabolism was analyzed by using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology. RESULTS In comparison to CUMS group, EA could improve the behavior including bodyweight, immovability time, sucrose preference index, crossing piece index and rearing times index. After 4 weeks of EA treatment, 5-HT in hippocampus, serum and colon of depressive rats were simultaneously increased, indicating a potential alleviation of depression-like behaviors. In future studies revealed that EA could regulate the distribution and functions of gut microbiota, and improve the intestinal barrier function of CUMS rats. The regulation of intestinal microbial homeostasis by EA may further affect lipid metabolism in CUMS rats, and thus play an antidepressant role. CONCLUSION This study suggested that EA has potential antidepressant effects by regulating gut microbiota composition and abundance, subsequently affecting lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Duan
- No.1 Health Care Department, Second Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, 100853, China
| | - Yi-Chen Wang
- Chinese PLA Medical School, 100853, China; Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100853, China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yuan-Bo Wang
- Chinese PLA Medical School, 100853, China; Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, China
| | - Yu-Qing Wang
- Chinese PLA Medical School, 100853, China; Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, China
| | | | - Xian-Zhe Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100853, China.
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Watanabe M, Nakai H, Ohara T, Kawasaki K, Murosaki S, Hirose Y. Beneficial effect of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L-137 on intestinal barrier function of rat small intestinal epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12319. [PMID: 38811623 PMCID: PMC11136994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L-137 (HK L-137) has been suggested to enhance the intestinal barrier in obese mice, leading to improvement of metabolic abnormalities and adipose tissue inflammation, and in healthy humans with overweight, leading to improvement of systemic inflammation. However, its detailed mechanism of action has not been clarified. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of HK L-137 on the permeability of rat small intestinal epithelial IEC-6 cells, tight junction-related gene and protein expression and localization, and intracellular signaling pathways involved in barrier function. Treatment of IEC-6 cells with HK L-137 for 26 h significantly reduced the permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD-4). HK L-137 also increased gene and protein expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), an important tight junction protein, without affecting the localization. Furthermore, inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 pathway in IEC-6 cells canceled the HK L-137-related reduction in permeability to FD-4. Phosphorylation of ERK in IEC-6 cells was induced 15 min after the addition of HK L-137. These results suggest that HK L-137 reduces intestinal permeability partly through activating the ERK pathway and increasing expression of the ZO-1 gene and protein. Enhancement of intestinal barrier function with HK L-137 might be effective in preventing and treating leaky gut, for which no specific therapeutic tool has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototsugu Watanabe
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo, 664-0011, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Nakai
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo, 664-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohara
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo, 664-0011, Japan
| | - Kengo Kawasaki
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo, 664-0011, Japan
| | - Shinji Murosaki
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo, 664-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hirose
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo, 664-0011, Japan
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Yan X, Bai L, Lv J, Qi P, Song X, Zhang L. Effects of Combined Live Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus Cereus Tablets on the Structure and Function of the Intestinal Flora in Rabbits Undergoing Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:327. [PMID: 38785809 PMCID: PMC11117994 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Few studies have explored the biological mechanism by which probiotics alleviate adverse reactions to chemotherapy drugs after local hepatic chemotherapy perfusion by regulating the intestinal flora. This study investigates the effects of Combined Live Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus Cereus Tablets on the intestinal microbial structure and intestinal barrier function, as well as the potential mechanism in rabbits after local hepatic chemotherapy infusion. Eighteen New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into a control group, a hepatic local chemotherapy perfusion group, and a hepatic local chemotherapy perfusion + Combined Live Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus Cereus Tablets group to assess the effects of Combined Live Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus Cereus Tablets on the adverse reactions. The administration of Combined Live Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus Cereus Tablets alleviated the intestinal flora disorder caused by local hepatic perfusion chemotherapy, promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria, and inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria. The Combined Live Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus Cereus Tablets also reduced the levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and liver injury factors induced by local hepatic perfusion chemotherapy. Our findings indicate that Combined Live Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus Cereus Tablets can ameliorate the toxicity and side effects of chemotherapy by regulating intestinal flora, blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines, reducing liver injury factors, and repairing the intestinal barrier. Probiotics may be used as a potential alternative therapeutic strategy to prevent the adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy with local hepatic perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Yan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.Y.); (L.B.); (J.L.); (P.Q.); (X.S.)
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liuhui Bai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.Y.); (L.B.); (J.L.); (P.Q.); (X.S.)
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jin Lv
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.Y.); (L.B.); (J.L.); (P.Q.); (X.S.)
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ping Qi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.Y.); (L.B.); (J.L.); (P.Q.); (X.S.)
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.Y.); (L.B.); (J.L.); (P.Q.); (X.S.)
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.Y.); (L.B.); (J.L.); (P.Q.); (X.S.)
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Yu T, Yan J, Wang R, Zhang L, Hu X, Xu J, Li F, Sun Q. Integrative Multiomics Profiling Unveils the Protective Function of Ulinastatin against Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:214. [PMID: 38397811 PMCID: PMC10886110 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease with multiple pathogeneses. Here, we aimed to study the therapeutic role of ulinastatin (UTI), an anti-inflammatory bioagent, and its associated mechanisms in treating colitis. Dextran sulfate sodium was administrated to induce colitis in mice, and a subgroup of colitis mice was treated with UTI. The gut barrier defect and inflammatory manifestations of colitis were determined via histological and molecular experiments. In addition, transcriptomics, metagenomics, and metabolomics were employed to explore the possible mechanisms underlying the effects of UTI. We found that UTI significantly alleviated the inflammatory manifestations and intestinal barrier damage in the mice with colitis. Transcriptome sequencing revealed a correlation between the UTI treatment and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. UTI up-regulated the expression of SOCS1, which subsequently inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3, thus limiting the action of inflammatory mediators. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing illustrated that UTI maintained a more stable intestinal flora, protecting the gut from dysbiosis in colitis. Moreover, metabolomics analysis demonstrated that UTI indeed facilitated the production of some bile acids and short-chain fatty acids, which supported intestinal homeostasis. Our data provide evidence that UTI is effective in treating colitis and support the potential use of UTI treatment for patients with ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (T.Y.); (J.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (T.Y.); (J.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Ruochen Wang
- Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (T.Y.); (J.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiake Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (T.Y.); (J.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Fanni Li
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (T.Y.); (J.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.H.)
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Dosh L, Rappa F, Jurjus A, Karam G, Lezeik R, El Masri J, Bucchieri F, Leone A, Jurjus R. The Mechanism and Potential Therapeutic Effects of Cyclosporin, Cyclophilin, Probiotics and Syndecan-1 in an Animal Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:130. [PMID: 38276500 PMCID: PMC10819533 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) have several treatment modalities including immunoregulators, like cyclosporine A, an immunosuppressant that interacts with cytoplasmic cyclophilin A, and probiotics. Aims: This study explored and compared the possible role of syndecan-1 in the IBD pathogenic process as well as the effectiveness of cyclophilin A, cyclosporine A, and their combination in the management of IBDs in the presence of probiotics. Methodology: IBD was induced in a total of 112 mice equally divided between syndecan-1 knock-out (KO) and Balb/c wild-type mice, using 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) followed by intraperitoneal treatment with cyclosporine A, cyclophilin A, or a combination of both. In addition, a daily dose of probiotics was given in their drinking water. The animals were monitored for clinical signs and symptoms and checked for gross pathologies in the abdomen after 3 weeks. Descending and sigmoid colon biopsies were collected and fixed for routine microscopy or frozen for protein extraction and molecular testing for IL-6, CD3, CD147, and beta 1 integrins as well as pAkt expression. Results: The data showed that the induction of IBD in the syndecan-1 KO mice was more severe at the clinical, histological, and molecular levels than in the wild type. The combined CypA-CyA treatment showed no added inhibitory effect compared to single-drug treatment in both strains. Probiotics added to the combination was more effective in the wild type and, when used alone, its inhibition of IL-6 was the highest. As for the CD147 marker, there were more suppressions across the various groups in the KO mice except for the probiotics-alone group. Concerning CD3, it was significantly increased by the CypA-CyA complex, which led to more inflammation in the KO mice. Probiotics had little effect with the combination. In relation to beta 1 integrins, the CypA-CyA combination made no significant difference from CyA alone, and adding probiotics to the combination resulted in higher beta 1 integrin expression in the KO mice. As for pAkt, it was very well expressed and upregulated in both strains treated with DSS, but the effect was much larger in the KO mice. In brief, the CypA-CyA complex showed a decrease in the expression of pAkt, but there was no added effect of both drugs. Probiotics along with the complex had a similar reduction effects in both strains, with a greater effect in the wild-type mice, while probiotics alone led to a similar reduction in pAkt expressions in both strains. Conclusions: The differential effects of CyA, CypA, probiotics, and their combinations on the various inflammatory markers, as well as the histological alterations and clinical signs and symptoms, speak in favor of a clear role of syndecan-1 in reducing inflammation. However, probiotics need to be considered after more explorations into the mechanisms involved in the presence of CypA and CyA especially since pAkt is less active in their presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dosh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Abdo Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Gaelle Karam
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Roaa Lezeik
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Jad El Masri
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Leone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalyn Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
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Cufaro MC, Prete R, Di Marco F, Sabatini G, Corsetti A, Gonzalez NG, Del Boccio P, Battista N. A proteomic insight reveals the role of food-associated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum C9O4 in reverting intestinal inflammation. iScience 2023; 26:108481. [PMID: 38213792 PMCID: PMC10783612 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, Western diets and lifestyle lead to an increasing occurrence of chronic gut inflammation that represents an emerging health concern with still a lack of successful therapies. Fermented foods, and their associated lactic acid bacteria, have recently regained popularity for their probiotic potential including the maintenance of gut homeostasis by modulating the immune and inflammatory response. Our study aims to investigate the crosstalk between the food-borne strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum C9O4 and intestinal epithelial cells in an in vitro inflammation model. Cytokines profile shows the ability of C9O4 to significantly reduce levels of IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, and IFN-γ. Proteomic functional analysis reveals an immunoregulatory role of C9O4, able to revert the detrimental effects of IFN-γ through the JAK/STAT pathway in inflamed intestinal cells. These results suggest a promising therapeutic role of fermented food-associated microbes for the management of gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD042175.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Cufaro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberta Prete
- Department of Bioscience for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Federica Di Marco
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giusi Sabatini
- Department of Bioscience for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Aldo Corsetti
- Department of Bioscience for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Natalia Garcia Gonzalez
- Department of Bioscience for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Natalia Battista
- Department of Bioscience for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Xu X, Sun XY, Chang M, Hu ZL, Cheng TT, Hang TJ, Song M. Gemcitabine enhances pharmacokinetic exposure of the major components of Danggui Buxue Decoction in rat via the promotion of intestinal permeability and down-regulation of CYP3A for combination treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1298-1309. [PMID: 37606265 PMCID: PMC10446811 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2246500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Danggui Buxue Decoction (DBD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has the potential to enhance the antitumor effect of gemcitabine in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment by increasing gemcitabine's active metabolites. However, whether gemcitabine affects the pharmacokinetics of DBD's major components remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the herb-drug interaction between DBD's major components and gemcitabine and validates the underlying pharmacokinetic mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pharmacokinetics of 3.6 g/kg DBD with and without a single-dose administration of 50 mg/kg gemcitabine was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. The effects of gemcitabine on intestinal permeability, hepatic microsomal enzymes in rat tissues, and CYP3A overexpressing HepG2 cells were determined using western blot analysis. RESULTS The combination of gemcitabine significantly altered the pharmacokinetic profiles of DBD's major components in rats. The Cmax and AUC of calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside notably increased through sodium-glucose transporter 1 (SGLT-1) expression promotion. The AUC of ligustilide and ferulic acid was also significantly elevated with the elimination half-life (t1/2) prolonged by 2.4-fold and 7.8-fold, respectively, by down-regulating hepatic CYP3A, tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin expression. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Gemcitabine could modulate the pharmacokinetics of DBD's major components by increasing intestinal permeability, enhancing transporter expression, and down-regulating CYP3A. These findings provide critical information for clinical research on DBD as an adjuvant for NSCLC with gemcitabine and help make potential dosage adjustments more scientifically and rationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi-yang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Chang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao-liang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting-ting Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tai-jun Hang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Javid H, Oryani MA, Akbari S, Amiriani T, Ravanbakhsh S, Rezagholinejad N, Afshari AR, Karimi-Shahri M. L. plantarum and L. lactis as a promising agent in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:1197-1209. [PMID: 37882738 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been understood for nearly a century that patients with intestinal inflammatory disease (IBD) have a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, two species of lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis, have been investigated as therapeutic agents for IBD. These bacteria have been shown to survive gastric transit, to adhere and colonize in the intestinal tract of humans and modulate the intestinal microbiota and immune response. L. plantarum and L. lactis might be used as multifunctional drugs for the treatment of IBD and the prevention or treatment of CRC. This article summarizes current knowledge of L. plantarum and L. lactis as therapeutic and preventative agents for IBD and CRC, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Javid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 1313199137, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 917966679, Iran
| | - Mahsa Akbari Oryani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 1313199137, Iran
| | - Sanaz Akbari
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, 9133736351, Iran
| | - Taghi Amiriani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, 4918936316, Iran
| | - Samaneh Ravanbakhsh
- Biology Expert, Plant Sciences, graduate of Golestan University, Gorgan, 4918936316, Iran
| | | | - Amir-R Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, 9414974877, Iran
| | - Mehdi Karimi-Shahri
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 1313199137, Iran
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, 9691657678, Iran
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Selmi H, Rocchetti MT, Capozzi V, Semedo-Lemsaddek T, Fiocco D, Spano G, Abidi F. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum from Unexplored Tunisian Ecological Niches: Antimicrobial Potential, Probiotic and Food Applications. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2679. [PMID: 38004691 PMCID: PMC10673251 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The continued exploration of the diversity of lactic acid bacteria in little-studied ecological niches represents a fundamental activity to understand the diffusion and biotechnological significance of this heterogeneous class of prokaryotes. In this study, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Lpb. plantarum) strains were isolated from Tunisian vegetable sources, including fermented olive and fermented pepper, and from dead locust intestines, which were subsequently evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli O157:H7 CECT 4267 and Listeria monocytogenes CECT 4031, as well as against some fungi, including Penicillium expansum, Aspergilus niger, and Botrytis cinerea. In addition, their resistance to oro-gastro-intestinal transit, aggregation capabilities, biofilm production capacity, adhesion to human enterocyte-like cells, and cytotoxicity to colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line were determined. Further, adhesion to tomatoes and the biocontrol potential of this model food matrix were analyzed. It was found that all the strains were able to inhibit the indicator growth, mostly through organic acid production. Furthermore, these strains showed promising probiotic traits, including in vitro tolerance to oro-gastrointestinal conditions, and adhesion to abiotic surfaces and Caco-2 cells. Moreover, all tested Lpb. plantarum strains were able to adhere to tomatoes with similar rates (4.0-6.0 LogCFU/g tomato). The co-culture of LAB strains with pathogens on tomatoes showed that Lpb. plantarum could be a good candidate to control pathogen growth. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to guarantee their use as probiotic strains for biocontrol on food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Selmi
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Carthage 1054, Tunisia;
| | - Maria Teresa Rocchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.T.R.); (D.F.)
| | - Vittorio Capozzi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, c/o CS-DAT, Via Michele Protano, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Teresa Semedo-Lemsaddek
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniela Fiocco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.T.R.); (D.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Spano
- Department of Agriculture Food Natural Science Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Ferid Abidi
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Carthage 1054, Tunisia;
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10
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Chu HK, Ai Y, Cheng ZL, Yang L, Hou XH. Contribution of gut microbiota to drug-induced liver injury. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2023; 22:458-465. [PMID: 37365109 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is caused by various drugs with complex pathogenesis, and diverse clinical and pathological phenotypes. Drugs damage the liver directly through drug hepatotoxicity, or indirectly through drug-mediated oxidative stress, immune injury and inflammatory insult, which eventually lead to hepatocyte necrosis. Recent studies have found that the composition, relative content and distribution of gut microbiota in patients and animal models of DILI have changed significantly. It has been confirmed that gut microbial dysbiosis brings about intestinal barrier destruction and microorganisms translocation, and the alteration of microbial metabolites may cause or aggravate DILI. In addition, antibiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation are all emerging as prospective therapeutic methods for DILI by regulating the gut microbiota. In this review, we discussed how the altered gut microbiota participates in DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Kuan Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yan Ai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zi-Lu Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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11
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Fu Y, Du X, Cui Y, Xiong K, Wang J. Nutritional intervention is promising in alleviating liver injury during tuberculosis treatment: a review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1261148. [PMID: 37810929 PMCID: PMC10552157 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1261148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver injury is a main adverse effect of first-line tuberculosis drugs. Current management of tuberculosis-drug-induced liver injury (TBLI) mainly relies on withdrawing tuberculosis drugs when necessary. No effective treatment exists. Various nutrients and functional food ingredients may play a protective role in TBLI. However, a comprehensive review has not been conducted to compare the effects of these nutrients and functional food ingredients. We searched Pubmed and Web of Science databases from the earliest date of the database to March 2023. All available in-vitro, animal and clinical studies that examined the effects of nutritional intervention on TBLI were included. The underlying mechanism was briefly reviewed. Folic acid, quercetin, curcumin, Lactobacillus casei, spirulina and Moringa oleifera possessed moderate evidence to have a beneficial effect on alleviating TBLI mostly based on animal studies. The evidence of other nutritional interventions on TBLI was weak. Alleviating oxidative stress and apoptosis were the leading mechanisms for the beneficial effects of nutritional intervention on TBLI. In conclusion, a few nutritional interventions are promising for alleviating TBLI including folic acid, quercetin, curcumin, L. casei, spirulina and M. oleifera, the effectiveness and safety of which need further confirmation by well-designed randomized controlled trials. The mechanisms for the protective role of these nutritional interventions on TBLI warrant further study, particularly by establishing the animal model of TBLI using the tuberculosis drugs separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Fu
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianfa Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingchun Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The 971 Naval Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke Xiong
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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12
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Malik M, Tanzman JV, Dash SK, Marques CNH, Mahler GJ. An In Vitro Small Intestine Model Incorporating a Food Matrix and Bacterial Mock Community for Intestinal Function Testing. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1419. [PMID: 37374921 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumed food travels through the gastrointestinal tract to reach the small intestine, where it interacts with the microbiota, forming a complex relationship with the dietary components. Here we present a complex in vitro cell culture model of the small intestine that includes human cells, digestion, a simulated meal, and a microbiota represented by a bacterial community consisting of E. coli, L. rhamnosus, S. salivarius, B. bifidum, and E. faecalis. This model was used to determine the effects of food-grade titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), a common food additive, on epithelial permeability, intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity, and nutrient transport across the epithelium. Physiologically relevant concentrations of TiO2 had no effect on intestinal permeability but caused an increase in triglyceride transport as part of the food model, which was reversed in the presence of bacteria. Individual bacterial species had no effect on glucose transport, but the bacterial community increased glucose transport, suggesting a change in bacterial behavior when in a community. Bacterial entrapment within the mucus layer was reduced with TiO2 exposure, which may be due to decreased mucus layer thickness. The combination of human cells, a synthetic meal, and a bacterial mock community provides an opportunity to understand the implications of nutritional changes on small intestinal function, including the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridu Malik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Jacob V Tanzman
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Sanat Kumar Dash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Cláudia N H Marques
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Gretchen J Mahler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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13
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Lee Y, Kim SH, Jeong H, Kim KH, Jeon D, Cho Y, Lee D, Nam KT. Role of Nox4 in Mitigating Inflammation and Fibrosis in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:411-429. [PMID: 37207801 PMCID: PMC10372905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fibrosis development in ulcerative colitis is associated directly with the severity of mucosal inflammation, which increases the risk of colorectal cancer. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is an important source of tissue fibrogenesis, which is stimulated directly by reactive oxygen species produced from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX). Among members of the NOX family, NOX4 expression is up-regulated in patients with fibrostenotic Crohn's disease (CD) and in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis. The aim of this study was to determine whether NOX4 plays a role in fibrogenesis during inflammation in the colon using a mouse model. METHODS Acute and recovery models of colonic inflammation were performed by DSS administration to newly generated Nox4-/- mice. Pathologic analysis of colon tissues was performed, including detection of immune cells, proliferation, and fibrotic and inflammatory markers. RNA sequencing was performed to detect differentially expressed genes between Nox4-/- and wild-type mice in both the untreated and DSS-treated conditions, followed by functional enrichment analysis to explore the molecular mechanisms contributing to pathologic differences during DSS-induced colitis and after recovery. RESULTS Nox4-/- mice showed increased endogenous TGF-β signaling in the colon, increased reactive oxygen species levels, intensive inflammation, and an increased fibrotic region after DSS treatment compared with wild-type mice. Bulk RNA sequencing confirmed involvement of canonical TGF-β signaling in fibrogenesis of the DSS-induced colitis model. Up-regulation of TGF-β signaling affects collagen activation and T-cell lineage commitment, increasing the susceptibility for inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Nox4 protects against injury and plays a crucial role in fibrogenesis in DSS-induced colitis through canonical TGF-β signaling regulation, highlighting a new treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yura Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haengdueng Jeong
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang H Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghun Jeon
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yejin Cho
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daekee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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14
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Oliveira RA, Cabral V, Torcato I, Xavier KB. Deciphering the quorum-sensing lexicon of the gut microbiota. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:500-512. [PMID: 37054672 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The enduring coexistence between the gut microbiota and the host has led to a symbiotic relationship that benefits both parties. In this complex, multispecies environment, bacteria can communicate through chemical molecules to sense and respond to the chemical, physical, and ecological properties of the surrounding environment. One of the best-studied cell-to-cell communication mechanisms is quorum sensing. Chemical signaling through quorum sensing is involved in regulating the bacterial group behaviors, often required for host colonization. However, most microbial-host interactions regulated by quorum sensing are studied in pathogens. Here, we will focus on the latest reports on the emerging studies of quorum sensing in the gut microbiota symbionts and on group behaviors adopted by these bacteria to colonize the mammalian gut. Moreover, we address the challenges and approaches to uncover molecule-mediated communication mechanisms, which will allow us to unravel the processes that drive the establishment of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitor Cabral
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Inês Torcato
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
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15
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Sarkar VK, De UK, Kala A, Verma AK, Chauhan A, Paul BR, Soni S, Gandhar JS, Chaudhuri P, Patra MK, Eregowda CG, Gaur GK. Early-Life Intervention of Lactoferrin and Probiotic in Suckling Piglets: Effects on Immunoglobulins, Intestinal Integrity, and Neonatal Mortality. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:149-159. [PMID: 35793035 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of early-life bovine lactoferrin and host specific probiotic interventions on growth performance, mortality, and concentrations of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G and transforming growth factor beta 1 (a marker of intestinal integrity) in serum of neonatal piglets. A total of eight piglet litters from parity matched sows were randomly divided into four groups and assigned to one of the four interventions: control (sterile normal saline), bovine lactoferrin (100 mg bovine lactoferrin), probiotic (1 × 109 colony forming unit (cfu) of swine origin Pediococcus acidilactici FT28 probiotic), and bovine lactoferrin + probiotic (100 mg bovine lactoferrin and 1 × 109 CFU of P. acidilactici FT28 probiotic). All the interventions were given once daily through oral route for first 7 days of life. The average daily gain (p = 0.0004) and weaning weight (p < 0.0001) were significantly improved in the probiotic group. The piglet survivability was significantly higher in bovine lactoferrin and probiotic groups than control group in Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. The concentrations of immunoglobulin A on day 21 in bovine lactoferrin, probiotic, and bovine lactoferrin + probiotic groups increased significantly (p < 0.05). Immunoglobulin G concentrations on day 7 and 15 in bovine lactoferrin and bovine lactoferrin + probiotic groups and on day 15 in probiotic group were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated, whereas, the concentration of transforming growth factor-β1 was significantly (p < 0.05) increased from day 7 to 21 in all the supplemented groups. In conclusion, the early-life bovine lactoferrin and P. acidilactici FT28 probiotic interventions reduced the mortality in the suckling piglets by promoting the systemic immunity and enhancing the intestinal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar Sarkar
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India
| | - Ujjwal Kumar De
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India.
| | - Anju Kala
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India
| | - Ashok Kumar Verma
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India
| | - Anuj Chauhan
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India
| | - Babul Rudra Paul
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India
| | - Srishti Soni
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India
| | - Jitendra Singh Gandhar
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India
| | - Pallab Chaudhuri
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India
| | - Manas Kumar Patra
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India
| | - Chethan Gollahalli Eregowda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agriculture University, Selesih, Aizawl, 796014, Mizoram, India
| | - Gyanendra Kumar Gaur
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India
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16
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Zhang X, Shen M, Wang C, Gao M, Wang L, Jin Z, Xia X. Impact of aluminum exposure on oxidative stress, intestinal changes and immune responses in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158902. [PMID: 36152855 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is an abundant metal that has been classified as a threatening pollutant due to indiscriminate use and anthropogenic activities. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of Al on crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), including biochemical change, histological alteration, gut microbial community diversification, and immune changes. The bioaccumulation of Al was detected in the hemolymph and intestine of crayfish after Al exposure at different time points. Results showed that Al exposure significantly induced oxidative stress and caused pathohistological changes on intestinal barrier structures in crayfish. It was found that the intestinal microbiota was affected by retained Al and the intestinal community diversity was changed after Al treated in the crayfish. Furthermore, Al exposure affected the immunity in crayfish, by altering the expression of a set of immune-related genes, as well as reducing the phenoloxidase and lysozyme activities. Moreover, Al exposure promoted hemocytes apoptosis and impaired hemophagocytic capacity against Vibro parahamolyticus, resulting in higher mortality of crayfish upon bacterial infection. Taken these results together, we conclude that excessive Al exposure caused adverse effects on multiple biological processes of crayfish and Al pollution is a potential threat to crayfish culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; The Observation and Research Field Station of Taihang Mountain Forest Ecosystems of Henan Province, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Manli Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Cui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Miaomiao Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Liuen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Zeyu Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiaohua Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China; The Observation and Research Field Station of Taihang Mountain Forest Ecosystems of Henan Province, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China.
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17
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Dickison L, Gonzalez-Shalaby C. Reducing Risk Factors for Necrotizing Enterocolitis: What Is the Recent Evidence and Biologic Plausibility Supporting Probiotics? Adv Neonatal Care 2022; 22:513-522. [PMID: 35446273 PMCID: PMC10519298 DOI: 10.1097/anc.0000000000000983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of necrotizing enterocolitis is multifactorial, with contributing factors that are unique to the preterm infant in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The use of probiotics may reduce these risk factors. PURPOSE To evaluate evidence of biologic plausibility for probiotic supplementation to mitigate key risk factors implicated in the development of disease and show recent evidence of safety and effectiveness. DATA SOURCES A literature survey of electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and CINAHL, was conducted. STUDY SELECTION Selection terms included "necrotizing enterocolitis," "probiotics," and "prematurity." Reviews that were included were full text, in English, and published in the last 5 years. Ten systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials were extracted from 749 records. Excluded were studies that used adjuncts to probiotics, such as lactoferrin or prebiotics, and studies of probiotics given antenatally. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent reviewers extracted data to AMSTAR 2, a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews of randomized or nonrandomized studies of healthcare interventions. RESULTS All the reviews found statistically significant reductions in necrotizing enterocolitis rates after supplementation with probiotics. None of the reviews reported adverse effects. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH Probiotic supplementation with specific strains reduces risk for necrotizing enterocolitis. To advance probiotic use in the NICU, additional high-quality trials are needed to focus on specific strains or combinations of strains and to evaluate dosing and duration of treatment.Video Abstract available athttps://journals.lww.com/advancesinneonatalcare/Pages/videogallery.aspx .
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Dickison
- Alta Bates Summit Medical Center, Ashby Avenue, Berkeley, California
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18
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Kaliyamoorthy V, Jacop JP, Thirugnanasambantham K, Ibrahim HIM, Kandhasamy S. The synergic impact of lignin and Lactobacillus plantarum on DSS-induced colitis model via regulating CD44 and miR 199a alliance. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:233. [PMID: 36222901 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic or recurrent immune system activation and inflammation inside the gastrointestinal tract is characterized by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Due to the lack of safety and efficacy of traditional medications, the use of food supplements for IBD management is on the rise. Numerous studies reported that, certain food supplements have a variety of therapeutic benefits for IBD. In the present study, a mouse model of IBD was used to the anti-colitis effects of lignin supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) on intestinal inflammation. The animal model was treated with dextran sodium sulphate (DSS), the illness index increased, and colon length and body weight declined, but these effects were reversed when lignin and L. plantarum treated groups. In addition, lignin and L. plantarum supplementation inhibited the DSS induced increase in levels of cytokines TNF-α (250 pg/mL), INF-γ (180 pg/mL), IL-1β (70 pg/mL) and TGF- β (72 pg/mL). Gene and protein expression study revealed that Lignin and L. plantarum supplementation restored the expression of E-cad and suppressed the expression of STAT3 in DSS induced colitis model. Lignin and L. plantarum supplementation also suppressed CD44 expression (1.2 fold) by up regulating the expression of miR199a (1 fold) over DSS induced colitis. Our study suggests that Lactobacillus, lignin, and their synergistic treatments have protective roles against inflammatory bowel disease through changes in inflammatory cytokines, and miR 199a expression in DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Kaliyamoorthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, GST Road, Chinna Kolambakkam, Padalam, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, 603308, India
| | - Justin Packia Jacop
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Josephs' College of Engineering, Sholinganallur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India
| | - Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Sciences and Educational Trust, Pondicherry, 605004, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Hairul Islam Mohamed Ibrahim
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Sciences and Educational Trust, Pondicherry, 605004, India.,Biology Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofouf, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sivakumar Kandhasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, GST Road, Chinna Kolambakkam, Padalam, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, 603308, India.
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19
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Li Q, Li L, Chen Y, Yu C, Azevedo P, Gong J, Yang C. Bacillus licheniformis PF9 improves barrier function and alleviates inflammatory responses against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 infection in the porcine intestinal epithelial cells. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:86. [PMID: 35799262 PMCID: PMC9264548 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4 commonly colonizes the small intestine and releases enterotoxins that impair the intestinal barrier function and trigger inflammatory responses. Although Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) has been reported to enhance intestinal health, it remains to be seen whether there is a functional role of B. licheniformis in intestinal inflammatory response in intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) when stimulated with ETEC F4. Methods In the present study, the effects of B. licheniformis PF9 on the release of pro-inflammation cytokines, cell integrity and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation were evaluated in ETEC F4-induced IPEC-J2 cells. Results B. licheniformis PF9 treatment was capable of remarkably attenuating the expression levels of inflammation cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-6 during ETEC F4 infection. Furthermore, the gene expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated upstream related genes of NF-κB signaling pathway has been significantly inhibited. These changes were accompanied by significantly decreased phosphorylation of p65 NF-κB during ETEC F4 infection with B. licheniformis PF9 treatment. The immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis revealed that B. licheniformis PF9 increased the expression levels of zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) and occludin (OCLN) in ETEC F4-infected IPEC-J2 cells. Meanwhile, the B. licheniformis PF9 could alleviate the injury of epithelial barrier function assessed by the trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and cell permeability assay. Interestingly, B. licheniformis PF9 protect IPEC-J2 cells against ETEC F4 infection by decreasing the gene expressions of virulence-related factors (including luxS, estA, estB, and elt) in ETEC F4. Conclusions Collectively, our results suggest that B. licheniformis PF9 might reduce inflammation-related cytokines through blocking the NF-κB signaling pathways. Besides, B. licheniformis PF9 displayed a significant role in the enhancement of IPEC-J2 cell integrity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00746-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Linyan Li
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9, Canada.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Changning Yu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Paula Azevedo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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20
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Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v as starter culture suppresses Enterobacteriaceae more efficiently than spontaneous fermentation of carrots. Food Microbiol 2022; 103:103952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Bacillus coagulans TL3 Inhibits LPS-Induced Caecum Damage in Rat by Regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and Nrf2 Signal Pathways and Modulating Intestinal Microflora. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5463290. [PMID: 35178157 PMCID: PMC8843965 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5463290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Bacillus coagulans has been widely used in food and feed additives, which can effectively inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, improve intestinal microecological environment, promote intestinal development, and enhance intestinal function, but its probiotic mechanism is not completely clear. Aim The aim of this study is to discuss the effect and mechanism of Bacillus coagulans TL3 on oxidative stress and inflammatory injury of cecum induced by LPS. Method The Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, each containing 7 animals. Two groups were fed with basic diet (the LPS and control, or CON, groups). The remaining groups were fed with basic diet and either a intragastric administration high or low dose of B. coagulans, forming the HBC and LBC groups, respectively. The rats were fed normally for two weeks. On the 15th day, those in the LPS, HBC, and LBC groups were injected intraperitoneally with LPS—the rats in the CON group were injected intraperitoneally with physiological saline. After 4 hours, all the rats were anesthetized and sacrificed by cervical dislocation, allowing samples to be collected and labeled. The inflammatory and antioxidant cytokine changes of the cecum were measured, and the pathological changes of the cecum were observed, determining the cecal antioxidant, inflammation, and changes in tight junction proteins and analysis of intestinal flora. Result The results show that LPS induces oxidative damage in the cecal tissues of rats and the occurrence of inflammation could also be detected in the serum. The Western blot results detected changes in the NF-κB- and Nrf2-related signaling pathways and TJ-related protein levels. Compared with the LPS group, the HBC group showed significantly downregulated levels of expression of Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, GPX, and GCLC. The expression of TLR4, MYD88, NF-κB, IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β was also significantly downregulated, while the expression of other proteins (ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1) increased significantly. Bacillus coagulans TL3 was also found to increase the relative abundance of the beneficial bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila in the intestines. There is also a significant reduction in the number of harmful bacteria Escherichia coli and Shigella (Enterobacteriaceae). Conclusion Bacillus coagulans TL3 regulates the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways in the cecal tissue of rats, protects the intestine from inflammation and oxidative damage caused by LPS, and inhibits the reproduction of harmful bacteria and promotes beneficial effects by regulating the intestinal flora bacteria grow, thereby enhancing intestinal immunity.
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22
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Deoxycholic Acid Modulates Cell-Junction Gene Expression and Increases Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030723. [PMID: 35163990 PMCID: PMC8839472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diet-related obesity is associated with increased intestinal hyperpermeability. High dietary fat intake causes an increase in colonic bile acids (BAs), particularly deoxycholic acid (DCA). We hypothesize that DCA modulates the gene expression of multiple cell junction pathways and increases intestinal permeability. With a human Caco-2 cell intestinal model, we used cell proliferation, PCR array, biochemical, and immunofluorescent assays to examine the impact of DCA on the integrity of the intestinal barrier and gene expression. The Caco-2 cells were grown in monolayers and challenged with DCA at physiological, sub-mM, concentrations. DCA increased transcellular and paracellular permeability (>20%). Similarly, DCA increased intracellular reactive oxidative species production (>100%) and accompanied a decrease (>40%) in extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways. Moreover, the mRNA levels of 23 genes related to the epithelial barrier (tight junction, focal adhesion, gap junction, and adherens junction pathways) were decreased (>40%) in (0.25 mM) DCA-treated Caco-2 cells compared to untreated cells. Finally, we demonstrated that DCA decreased (>58%) the protein content of occludin present at the cellular tight junctions and the nucleus of epithelial cells. Collectively, DCA decreases the gene expression of multiple pathways related to cell junctions and increases permeability in a human intestinal barrier model.
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the leading pandemic facing the world in 2019/2020; it is caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which necessitates clear understanding of the infectious agent. The virus manifests aggressive behavior with severe clinical presentation and high mortality rate, especially among the elderly and patients living with chronic diseases. In the recent years, the role of gut microbiota, in health and disease, has been progressively studied and highlighted. It is through gut microbiota-organ bidirectional pathways, such as gut-brain axis, gut-liver axis, and gut-lung axis, that the role of gut microbiota in prompting lung disease, among other diseases, has been proposed and accepted. It is also known that respiratory viral infections, such as COVID-19, induce alterations in the gut microbiota, which can influence immunity. Based on the fact that gut microbiota diversity is decreased in old age and in patients with certain chronic diseases, which constitute two of the primary fatality groups in COVID-19 infections, it can be assumed that the gut microbiota may play a role in COVID-19 pathology and fatality rate. Improving gut microbiota diversity through personalized nutrition and supplementation with prebiotics/probiotics will mend the immunity of the body and hence could be one of the prophylactic strategies by which the impact of COVID-19 can be minimized in the elderly and immunocompromised patients. In this chapter, the role of dysbiosis in COVID-19 will be clarified and the possibility of using co-supplementation of personalized prebiotics/probiotics with current therapies will be discussed.
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24
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Zhang H, Qi C, Zhao Y, Lu M, Li X, Zhou J, Dang H, Cui M, Miao T, Sun J, Li D. Depletion of gut secretory immunoglobulin A coated Lactobacillus reuteri is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus-related intestinal mucosal barrier damage. Food Funct 2021; 12:10783-10794. [PMID: 34609395 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02517a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Changes in secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) coated bacteria from early to late pregnancy were associated with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). SIgA coated beneficial gut bacteria, which are depleted in GDM, are potential probiotics for the prevention of GDM. We investigated blood biochemistry, chronic inflammation, mucosal barrier biomarkers and faecal SIgA coated microbiota in healthy early pregnancy (T1H, n = 50), late pregnancy (T3H, n = 30) and women with GDM (T3D, n = 27). The "leaky gut" markers, zonulin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), significantly increased in T3D compared to the T3H group. The Shannon index of SIgA coated microbiota was elevated in late pregnancy compared to early pregnancy and was the highest in the T3D group (p < 0.001). The T3D group was enriched in SIgA coated Escherichia and Streptococcus and depleted in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Blood glucose (BG) positively correlated with zonulin (p < 0.001) and LPS (p < 0.05). Lactobacillus reuteri negatively correlated with BG (p < 0.05), zonulin (p < 0.05) and LPS (p < 0.01). Lactobacillus reuteri QS01 isolated from the feces of T1H significantly reduced LPS released by the gut microbiota of GDM individuals in vitro. In conclusion, GDM may be related to intestinal mucosal damage and inflammation-induced dysbiosis of SIgA coated microbiota. SIgA coated L. reuteri can reduce the level of LPS of GDM in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ce Qi
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yuning Zhao
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Mengyao Lu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xinyue Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jingbo Zhou
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Hongyang Dang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Mengjun Cui
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Tingting Miao
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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25
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Valido E, Stoyanov J, Bertolo A, Hertig-Godeschalk A, Zeh RM, Flueck JL, Minder B, Stojic S, Metzger B, Bussler W, Muka T, Kern H, Glisic M. Systematic Review of the Effects of Oat Intake on Gastrointestinal Health. J Nutr 2021; 151:3075-3090. [PMID: 34486656 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oats are a food source with multiple health benefits that could support beneficial bacterial groups and provide important bioactive compounds for the gut. OBJECTIVES This review explores the association between oat intake, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and microbial community changes in individuals with celiac disease (CeD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and without GI disease. METHODS Four databases and Google Scholar were systematically searched from inception until April 29, 2021. Clinical trials, observational studies, and in vitro studies with human gut-derived samples were included. RESULTS There were 84 articles [23 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 21 nonrandomized trials, 8 observational studies, and 32 in vitro studies] included. Oat intake increased total bacterial count, Lactobacilli spp., and Bifidobacterium spp. in healthy individuals and those with CeD. There was an increased concentration of short-chain fatty acids and improved gut permeability with oat intake but with no significant quality-of-life difference. In some individuals with CeD, consumption of certain oat types was associated with worsening of GI symptoms. We found no studies reporting on IBS and only 3 for IBD. The quality of RCTs showed some concerns mostly in domains of randomization (73.9%), whereas the quality of evidence of non-RCTs, observational studies, and in vitro studies was satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS Oat intake was associated with the increase of beneficial bacterial groups in individuals without GI disease and those with CeD. Most studies showed no changes in GI symptoms with oat consumption. In vitro studies in CeD provide insight to oat-sensitive individuals and their GI mucosa, but the clinical studies remain limited, precluding our ability to draw firm conclusions. The prevalence of oat sensitivity in individuals with CeD should be further explored as this could improve clinical management and facilitate inclusion of oat in the diet for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Valido
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Beatrice Minder
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stevan Stojic
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Brandon Metzger
- Standard Process Nutrition Innovation Center, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Weston Bussler
- Standard Process Nutrition Innovation Center, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Taulant Muka
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hua Kern
- Standard Process Nutrition Innovation Center, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Marija Glisic
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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26
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Al-Ayadhi L, Zayed N, Bhat RS, Moubayed NMS, Al-Muammar MN, El-Ansary A. The use of biomarkers associated with leaky gut as a diagnostic tool for early intervention in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:54. [PMID: 34517895 PMCID: PMC8439029 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Innovative research highlighted the probable connection between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gut microbiota as many autistic individuals have gastrointestinal problems as co-morbidities. This review emphasizes the role of altered gut microbiota observed frequently in autistic patients, and the mechanisms through which such alterations may trigger leaky gut. Main body Different bacterial metabolite levels in the blood and urine of autistic children, such as short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, beta-cresol, and bacterial toxins, were reviewed. Moreover, the importance of selected proteins, among which are calprotectin, zonulin, and lysozyme, were discussed as biomarkers for the early detection of leaky gut as an etiological mechanism of ASD through the less integrative gut–blood–brain barriers. Disrupted gut–blood–brain barriers can explain the leakage of bacterial metabolites in these patients. Conclusion Although the cause-to-effect relationship between ASD and altered gut microbiota is not yet well understood, this review shows that with the consumption of specific diets, definite probiotics may represent a noninvasive tool to reestablish healthy gut microbiota and stimulate gut health. The diagnostic and therapeutic value of intestinal proteins and bacterial-derived compounds as new possible biomarkers, as well as potential therapeutic targets, are discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13099-021-00448-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Al-Ayadhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Autism Research and Treatment Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naima Zayed
- Therapuetic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadine M S Moubayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, Female Campus, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - May N Al-Muammar
- Department of Community Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, P.O box 22452, Zip code 11495, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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27
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Arukha AP, Freguia CF, Mishra M, Jha JK, Kariyawasam S, Fanger NA, Zimmermann EM, Fanger GR, Sahay B. Lactococcus lactis Delivery of Surface Layer Protein A Protects Mice from Colitis by Re-Setting Host Immune Repertoire. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1098. [PMID: 34572293 PMCID: PMC8470720 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by gastrointestinal inflammation comprised of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that 1.3% of the population of the United States (approximately 3 million people) were affected by the disease in 2015, and the number keeps increasing over time. IBD has a multifactorial etiology, from genetic to environmental factors. Most of the IBD treatments revolve around disease management, by reducing the inflammatory signals. We previously identified the surface layer protein A (SlpA) of Lactobacillus acidophilus that possesses anti-inflammatory properties to mitigate murine colitis. Herein, we expressed SlpA in a clinically relevant, food-grade Lactococcus lactis to further investigate and characterize the protective mechanisms of the actions of SlpA. Oral administration of SlpA-expressing L. lactis (R110) mitigated the symptoms of murine colitis. Oral delivery of R110 resulted in a higher expression of IL-27 by myeloid cells, with a synchronous increase in IL-10 and cMAF in T cells. Consistent with murine studies, human dendritic cells exposed to R110 showed exquisite differential gene regulation, including IL-27 transcription, suggesting a shared mechanism between the two species, hence positioning R110 as potentially effective at treating colitis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Prasad Arukha
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (A.P.A.); (M.M.)
- Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
| | | | - Meerambika Mishra
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (A.P.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Jyoti K. Jha
- Rise Therapeutics, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (C.F.F.); (J.K.J.); (G.R.F.)
| | - Subhashinie Kariyawasam
- Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
| | | | - Ellen M. Zimmermann
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
| | - Gary R. Fanger
- Rise Therapeutics, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (C.F.F.); (J.K.J.); (G.R.F.)
| | - Bikash Sahay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (A.P.A.); (M.M.)
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28
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Nordström EA, Teixeira C, Montelius C, Jeppsson B, Larsson N. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (LP299V ®): three decades of research. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:441-465. [PMID: 34365915 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the in vitro, animal, and clinical studies with the bacterial strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (L. plantarum 299v; formerly named Lactobacillus plantarum 299v) published up until June 30, 2020. L. plantarum 299v is the most documented L. plantarum strain in the world, described in over 170 scientific publications out of which more than 60 are human clinical studies. The genome sequence of L. plantarum 299v has been determined and is available in the public domain (GenBank Accession number: NZ_LEAV01000004). The probiotic strain L. plantarum 299v was isolated from healthy human intestinal mucosa three decades ago by scientists at Lund University, Sweden. Thirty years later, a wealth of data coming from in vitro, animal, and clinical studies exist, showing benefits primarily for gastrointestinal health, such as reduced flatulence and abdominal pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Moreover, several clinical studies have shown positive effects of L. plantarum 299v on iron absorption and more recently also on iron status. L. plantarum 299v is safe for human consumption and does not confer antibiotic resistance. It survives the harsh conditions of the human gastrointestinal tract, adheres to mannose residues on the intestinal epithelial cells and has in some cases been re-isolated more than ten days after administration ceased. Besides studying health benefits, research groups around the globe have investigated L. plantarum 299v in a range of applications and processes. L. plantarum 299v is used in many different food applications as well as in various dietary supplements. In a freeze-dried format, L. plantarum 299v is robust and stable at room temperature, enabling long shelf-lives of consumer healthcare products such as capsules, tablets, or powder sachets. The strain is patent protected for a wide range of indications and applications worldwide as well as trademarked as LP299V®.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Teixeira
- Probi AB, Ideongatan 1A, 22370 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - B Jeppsson
- Department of Surgery, Lund University, Universitetssjukhuset, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - N Larsson
- Probi AB, Ideongatan 1A, 22370 Lund, Sweden
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29
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Bolan S, Seshadri B, Keely S, Kunhikrishnan A, Bruce J, Grainge I, Talley NJ, Naidu R. Bioavailability of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury as measured by intestinal permeability. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14675. [PMID: 34282255 PMCID: PMC8289861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the intestinal permeability of metal(loid)s (MLs) such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) was examined, as influenced by gut microbes and chelating agents using an in vitro gastrointestinal/Caco-2 cell intestinal epithelium model. The results showed that in the presence of gut microbes or chelating agents, there was a significant decrease in the permeability of MLs (As-7.5%, Cd-6.3%, Pb-7.9% and Hg-8.2%) as measured by apparent permeability coefficient value (Papp), with differences in ML retention and complexation amongst the chelants and the gut microbes. The decrease in ML permeability varied amongst the MLs. Chelating agents reduce intestinal absorption of MLs by forming complexes thereby making them less permeable. In the case of gut bacteria, the decrease in the intestinal permeability of MLs may be associated to a direct protection of the intestinal barrier against the MLs or indirect intestinal ML sequestration by the gut bacteria through adsorption on bacterial surface. Thus, both gut microbes and chelating agents can be used to decrease the intestinal permeability of MLs, thereby mitigating their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Balaji Seshadri
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Anitha Kunhikrishnan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica Bruce
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian Grainge
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
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30
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Xiong K, Cai J, Liu P, Wang J, Zhao S, Xu L, Yang Y, Liu J, Ma A. Lactobacillus casei Alleviated the Abnormal Increase of Cholestasis-Related Liver Indices During Tuberculosis Treatment: A Post Hoc Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100108. [PMID: 33864432 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Probiotics are promising in mitigating drug-induced liver injury in animal experiments. However, the clinical evidence is absent. The objective is to investigate the effect of adjunctive Lactobacillus casei on tuberculosis-drug-induced liver injury. METHODS AND RESULTS A post hoc analysis is conducted for a previous randomized controlled trial. The trial is registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No. ChiCTR-IOR-17013210). Four hundred twenty nine patients are allocated to receive standard tuberculosis therapy alone (control group), or together with 1 × 1010 colony-forming units (CFU) per day (low-dose group), or 2 × 1010 CFU per day of L. casei (high-dose group) during tuberculosis treatment. The L. casei supplementation significantly reduced the incidence of the abnormal increase of cholestasis-related liver indices including alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.024) and bilirubin (p = 0.013). Plasma lipopolysaccharide (p = 0.02), intestinal permeability biomarkers including zonula occludens-1 (p = 0.001) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (p = 0.002) are significantly reduced. The gut microbiota composition is dramatically altered with a reduction of Bacteroidetes (p < 0.001) and a corresponding increase of Actinobacteria (p < 0.001) and Firmicutes (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS L. casei supplementation is beneficial for suppressing abnormally elevated cholestasis-related liver indices during tuberculosis treatment, which may be related to its modification on blood lipopolysaccharide, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiong
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Peiying Liu
- Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276000, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
| | | | - Lei Xu
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Jiahong Liu
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
| | - Aiguo Ma
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
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31
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Lu X, Wang F. Lactobacillus acidophilus and vitamin C attenuate ethanol-induced intestinal and liver injury in mice. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1005. [PMID: 34345287 PMCID: PMC8311231 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol exposure frequently induces intestinal and liver injury, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and vitamin C (VC) deficiency. Gut microbiota-targeted therapy is emerging as an important adjuvant method for protecting the body against ethanol-induced injury, particularly probiotics containing Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA). However, the feasibility and efficiency of using synbiotics containing LA and VC against ethanol-induced injury remained largely undetermined. To examine the advantages of LA+VC, their effect was evaluated in an ethanol-fed mouse model. The results suggested that LA+VC restored gut microbiota homeostasis and reinstated the immune balance of colonic T-regulatory cells (CD4+CD45+forkhead box p3+). In addition, intestinal barrier disorders were improved via upregulating tight junction proteins (claudin-2, zona occludens-1 and occludin) and mucus secretion, which prevented the translocation of lipopolysaccharide into circulatory systems and subsequently reduced the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 in liver tissues. In this context, LA+VC treatment reduced the inflammatory response in the liver, which was likely responsible for the improved liver function in ethanol-challenged mice. Collectively, these results indicated that LA+VC treatment significantly protected the intestine and liver from ethanol damage by enhancing intestinal barrier function and reducing systemic inflammation. The present study paved the way for further exploration of synbiotics based on Lactobacillus species and VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lu
- The Third Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- The Third Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, P.R. China
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Sehrawat N, Yadav M, Singh M, Kumar V, Sharma VR, Sharma AK. Probiotics in microbiome ecological balance providing a therapeutic window against cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 70:24-36. [PMID: 32574811 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota composition and dietary factors in our food along with the use of prebiotics and probiotics play an important role in the maintenance of human health. A well-balanced gut microbial population is necessary for the host and the microbiota to coexist in a mutually beneficial relationship maintaining homeostasis. Considering the potential of modern technological tools, it is possible nowadays to engineer prebiotic bacteria having a positive influence on the microbiome on one hand while on the other one may have the ease to get rid of the pathogenic proinflammatory microbes or elements causing dysbiosis. Past studies have seen that in cancer there is a loss of inter-microbial relationship cum interactions within microbiota members, the metabolic products produced by them and the host immune system in a microbial ecosystem, leading to dysbiosis. Current review highlights the importance of probiotics in the management of cancer by bringing together majority of the studies together at a single platform and moreover, stresses upon the need to maintain eubiosis in order to evade and inhibit the progression of cancer. Continuous expansion in knowledge about probiotics, their effect on various cancers and the underlying mechanism of action has raised the global scientific interest towards their possible use against different cancers. Furthermore, the article emphasizes upon the need to explore newer therapeutic targets comprising of the microbiome which could further pave the way to the concept of personalized medicines for various kinds of malignancies so as to derive maximum benefits of a treatment modality and to preserve the microbial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Sehrawat
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Mukesh Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Manoj Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Var Ruchi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College Sector-26, Chandigarh, UT 160019, India
| | - Anil K Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
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33
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Trzeciak P, Herbet M. Role of the Intestinal Microbiome, Intestinal Barrier and Psychobiotics in Depression. Nutrients 2021; 13:927. [PMID: 33809367 PMCID: PMC8000572 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. As determined, the microbiota influences the shaping and modulation of the functioning of the gut-brain axis. The intestinal microbiota has a significant impact on processes related to neurotransmitter synthesis, the myelination of neurons in the prefrontal cortex, and is also involved in the development of the amygdala and hippocampus. Intestinal bacteria are also a source of vitamins, the deficiency of which is believed to be related to the response to antidepressant therapy and may lead to exacerbation of depressive symptoms. Additionally, it is known that, in periods of excessive activation of stress reactions, the immune system also plays an important role, negatively affecting the tightness of the intestinal barrier and intestinal microflora. In this review, we have summarized the role of the gut microbiota, its metabolites, and diet in susceptibility to depression. We also describe abnormalities in the functioning of the intestinal barrier caused by increased activity of the immune system in response to stressors. Moreover, the presented study discusses the role of psychobiotics in the prevention and treatment of depression through their influence on the intestinal barrier, immune processes, and functioning of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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34
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Suneson K, Lindahl J, Chamli Hårsmar S, Söderberg G, Lindqvist D. Inflammatory Depression-Mechanisms and Non-Pharmacological Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1640. [PMID: 33561973 PMCID: PMC7915869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of depression is hampered by the failure to identify distinct symptom profiles with distinct pathophysiologies that differentially respond to distinct treatments. We posit that inflammatory depression is a meaningful depression subtype associated with specific symptoms and biological abnormalities. We review several upstream, potentially causative, mechanisms driving low-grade inflammation in this subtype of depression. We also discuss downstream mechanisms mediating the link between inflammation and symptoms of depression, including alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission and tryptophan metabolism. Finally, we review evidence for several non-pharmacological interventions for inflammatory depression, including probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, and physical exercise interventions. While some evidence suggests that these interventions may be efficacious in inflammatory depression, future clinical trials should consider enriching patient populations for inflammatory markers, or stratify patients by inflammatory status, to confirm or refute this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Suneson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (J.L.); (G.S.); (D.L.)
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatric Clinic Helsingborg, Region Skåne, 252 23 Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Jesper Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (J.L.); (G.S.); (D.L.)
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatric Clinic Lund, Region Skåne, 221 85 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Simon Chamli Hårsmar
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatric Clinic Lund, Region Skåne, 221 85 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Gustav Söderberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (J.L.); (G.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (J.L.); (G.S.); (D.L.)
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatry Research Skåne, Region Skåne, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
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35
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Barroso FAL, de Jesus LCL, de Castro CP, Batista VL, Ferreira Ê, Fernandes RS, de Barros ALB, Leclerq SY, Azevedo V, Mancha-Agresti P, Drumond MM. Intake of Lactobacillus delbrueckii (pExu: hsp65) Prevents the Inflammation and the Disorganization of the Intestinal Mucosa in a Mouse Model of Mucositis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010107. [PMID: 33466324 PMCID: PMC7824804 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antineoplastic drug that causes, as a side effect, intestinal mucositis, acute inflammation in the small bowel. The Heat Shock Protein (Hsp) are highly expressed in inflammatory conditions, developing an important role in immune modulation. Thus, they are potential candidates for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In the mucositis mouse model, the present study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of oral administration of milk fermented by Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 (pExu:hsp65), a recombinant strain. This approach showed increased levels of sIgA in the intestinal fluid, reducing inflammatory infiltrate and intestinal permeability. Additionally, the histological score was improved. Protection was associated with a reduction in the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Tnf, Il6, Il12, and Il1b, and an increase in Il10, Muc2, and claudin 1 (Cldn1) and 2 (Cldn2) gene expression in ileum tissue. These findings are corroborated with the increased number of goblet cells, the electronic microscopy images, and the reduction of intestinal permeability. The administration of milk fermented by this recombinant probiotic strain was also able to reverse the high levels of gene expression of Tlrs caused by the 5-FU. Thus, the rCIDCA 133:Hsp65 strain was revealed to be a promising preventive strategy for small bowel inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Alvarenga Lima Barroso
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Camila Prosperi de Castro
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Viviane Lima Batista
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Ênio Ferreira
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Renata Salgado Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Campus da UFMG, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Cidade Universitária, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (R.S.F.); (A.L.B.d.B.)
| | - André Luís Branco de Barros
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Campus da UFMG, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Cidade Universitária, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (R.S.F.); (A.L.B.d.B.)
| | - Sophie Yvette Leclerq
- Laboratório de Inovação Biotecnológica, Fundação Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Belo Horizonte 30510-010, Brazil;
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Pamela Mancha-Agresti
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
- Faculdade de Minas-Faminas-BH, Medicina, Belo Horizonte 31744-007, Brazil
- Correspondence: (P.M.-A.); (M.M.D.); Tel.: +55-31-99817-5004 (P.M.-A.); +55-31-99222-2761 (M.M.D.)
| | - Mariana Martins Drumond
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de—Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.A.L.B.); (L.C.L.d.J.); (C.P.d.C.); (V.L.B.); (V.A.)
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET/MG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte 31421-169, Brazil
- Correspondence: (P.M.-A.); (M.M.D.); Tel.: +55-31-99817-5004 (P.M.-A.); +55-31-99222-2761 (M.M.D.)
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36
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Massier L, Blüher M, Kovacs P, Chakaroun RM. Impaired Intestinal Barrier and Tissue Bacteria: Pathomechanisms for Metabolic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:616506. [PMID: 33767669 PMCID: PMC7985551 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.616506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An intact intestinal barrier, representing the interface between inner and outer environments, is an integral regulator of health. Among several factors, bacteria and their products have been evidenced to contribute to gut barrier impairment and its increased permeability. Alterations of tight junction integrity - caused by both external factors and host metabolic state - are important for gut barrier, since they can lead to increased influx of bacteria or bacterial components (endotoxin, bacterial DNA, metabolites) into the host circulation. Increased systemic levels of bacterial endotoxins and DNA have been associated with an impaired metabolic host status, manifested in obesity, insulin resistance, and associated cardiovascular complications. Bacterial components and cells are distributed to peripheral tissues via the blood stream, possibly contributing to metabolic diseases by increasing chronic pro-inflammatory signals at both tissue and systemic levels. This response is, along with other yet unknown mechanisms, mediated by toll like receptor (TLR) transduction and increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn can further increase intestinal permeability leading to a detrimental positive feedback loop. The modulation of gut barrier function through nutritional and other interventions, including manipulation of gut microbiota, may represent a potential prevention and treatment target for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Massier
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University Hospital Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rima M. Chakaroun
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Rima M. Chakaroun,
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37
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New drug targets for hypertension: A literature review. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:166037. [PMID: 33309796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases worldwide. However, in the population of resistant hypertension, blood pressure is difficult to control effectively. Moreover, antihypertensive drugs may have adverse effect currently. Hence, new therapeutic targets and treatments are needed to uncovered and exploited to control hypertension and its comorbidities. In the past, classical drug targets, such as the aldosterone receptor, aldosterone synthase, and ACE2/angiotensin 1-7/Mas receptor axis, have been investigated. Recently, vaccines and drugs targeting the gastrointestinal microbiome, which represent drug classes, have also been investigated for the management of blood pressure. In this review, we summarized current knowledge on classical and new drug targets and discussed the potential utility of new drugs in the treatment of hypertension.
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Lactobacillus-derived metabolites enhance the antitumor activity of 5-FU and inhibit metastatic behavior in 5-FU-resistant colorectal cancer cells by regulating claudin-1 expression. J Microbiol 2020; 58:967-977. [PMID: 33125671 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-0375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum-derived metabolites (LDMs) increase drug sensitivity to 5-FU and antimetastatic effects in 5-FU-resistant colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116/5FUR). In this study, we evaluated the effects of LDMs on the regulation of genes and proteins involved in HCT-116/5-FUR cell proliferation and metastasis. HCT-116/5-FUR cells showed high metastatic potential, significantly reduced tight junction (TJ) integrity, including increased migration and paracellular permeability, and upregulation of claudin-1 (CLDN-1). The genetic silencing of CLDN-1 increased the sensitivity of HCT-116/5FUR to 5-FU and inhibited its metastatic potential by regulating the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related genes. Co-treatment of HCT-116/5FUR with LDMs and 5-FU suppressed chemoresistant and metastatic behavior by downregulating CLDN-1 expression. Finally, we designed LDMs-based therapeutic strategies to treatment for metastatic 5-FU-resistant colorectal cancer cells. These results suggested that LDMs and 5-FU cotreatments can synergistically target 5-FU-resistant cells, making it a candidate strategy to overcome 5-FU chemoresistance improve anticancer drug efficacy.
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39
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Kim TK, Lee JC, Im SH, Lee MS. Amelioration of Autoimmune Diabetes of NOD Mice by Immunomodulating Probiotics. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1832. [PMID: 33013834 PMCID: PMC7496355 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 autoimmune diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by specific destruction of pancreatic β-cells producing insulin. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota and immunity are closely linked to systemic immunity, affecting the balance between pro-inflammatory and regulatory immune responses. Altered gut microbiota may be causally related to the development of immune-mediated diseases, and probiotics have been suggested to have modulatory effects on inflammatory diseases and immune disorders. We studied whether a probiotic combination that has immunomodulatory effects on several inflammatory diseases can reduce the incidence of diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a classical animal model of human T1D. When Immune Regulation and Tolerance 5 (IRT5), a probiotic combination comprising Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium bifidium, and Streptococcus thermophiles, was administered 6 times a week for 36 weeks to NOD mice, beginning at 4 weeks of age, the incidence of diabetes was significantly reduced. Insulitis score was also significantly reduced, and β-cell mass was conversely increased by IRT5 administration. IRT5 administration significantly reduced gut permeability in NOD mice. The proportion of total regulatory T cells was not changed by IRT5 administration; however, the proportion of CCR9+ regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing gut-homing receptor was significantly increased in pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs) and lamina propria of the small intestine (SI-LP). Type 1 T helper (Th1) skewing was reduced in PLNs by IRT5 administration. IRT5 could be a candidate for an effective probiotic combination, which can be safely administered to inhibit or prevent type 1 diabetes (T1D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kang Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- ImmunoBiome. Inc., Pohang, South Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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40
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Yoshihara T, Oikawa Y, Kato T, Kessoku T, Kobayashi T, Kato S, Misawa N, Ashikari K, Fuyuki A, Ohkubo H, Higurashi T, Tateishi Y, Tanaka Y, Nakajima S, Ohno H, Wada K, Nakajima A. The protective effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 against mucus degradation by Akkermansia muciniphila following small intestine injury caused by a proton pump inhibitor and aspirin. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1385-1404. [PMID: 32515658 PMCID: PMC7527075 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1758290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can alleviate upper gastrointestinal injury but paradoxically exacerbate aspirin (ASA)-induced small intestine injury. In this study, our goal was to simulate this exacerbation by developing an appropriate animal model, which may help in establishing treatments. Methods: Male mice were fed a 60% fructose diet for 9 weeks, then administered 200 mg/kg ASA 3 h before sacrifice. The PPI omeprazole was administered intraperitoneally once daily for 9 weeks. Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 was administered orally for the last week. In addition, Akkermansia muciniphila was administered orally for 9 weeks instead of omeprazole. Results: ASA-induced small-intestine injury was observed in high-fructose fed mice. Omeprazole exacerbated ASA-induced intestinal damage, significantly decreased Bifidobacteria levels, and significantly increased A. muciniphila counts in the jejunum. The direct administration of A. muciniphila caused thinning of the jejunum mucus layer, which was also observed in mice that received ASA and omeprazole. On the other hand, the administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 inhibited A. muciniphila growth and reduced thinning of the mucus layer. The number of goblet cells in the jejunum was reduced by the administration of ASA and omeprazole, while Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 prevented the reduction. Conclusions: These results suggest that omeprazole-induced gut dysbiosis promotes Akkermansia growth and inhibits Bifidobacterium growth, leading to a thinning of the mucus layer through a reduction in goblet cells in the small intestine. Probiotics are, therefore, a promising approach for the treatment of small intestine injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Yoshihara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Oikawa
- R&D Center, Biofermin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shingo Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noboru Misawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ashikari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akiko Fuyuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohkubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuma Higurashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoko Tateishi
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tanaka
- R&D Center, Biofermin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Ohno
- R&D Center, Biofermin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Koichiro Wada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan,CONTACT Atsushi Nakajima
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The Efficacy and Safety of Mesalamine and Probiotics in Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6923609. [PMID: 32308714 PMCID: PMC7142348 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6923609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mesalamine in conjunction with probiotics for ulcerative colitis. Methods Random controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP (VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals) from inception to October 2019. Methodological quality was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The quality of evidence was rated by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Data analysis was carried out in Review Manager 5.3. Results A total of fifteen studies met the criteria for inclusion. Thirteen studies reported the clinical efficacy, three studies provided data on the clinical symptom scores, two trials reported disease activity index, four studies evaluated endoscopic score, and twelve studies reported adverse events. For ulcerative colitis (UC), mesalamine and probiotics had better clinical efficacy than mesalamine alone (≤8 weeks: RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.07–1.18, P < 0.0001; >8 weeks: RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11–1.41, P=0.0003). On the clinical symptom scores, disease activity index, and endoscopic score, UC patients receiving mesalamine and probiotics had significant difference than patients receiving mesalazine alone (MD = −2.02, 95% CI: −3.28 to −0.76, P=0.002; MD = −1.20, 95% CI: −1.76 to −0.65, P < 0.001; and MD = −0.42, 95% CI: −0.61 to −0.23, P < 0.0001, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in adverse events between the two groups (RR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.54 to 1.43, P=0.60). Conclusion Our meta-analysis results supported that mesalamine and probiotics were effective and safe in treating ulcerative colitis.
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Zhaxi Y, Meng X, Wang W, Wang L, He Z, Zhang X, Pu W. Duan-Nai-An, A Yeast Probiotic, Improves Intestinal Mucosa Integrity and Immune Function in Weaned Piglets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4556. [PMID: 32165666 PMCID: PMC7067797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-weaning diarrhea commonly occurs in piglets and results in significant economic loss to swine producers. Non-antibiotic measures for managing post-weaning diarrhea are critically needed. Duan-Nai-An, a probiotic produced from the yeast fermentation of egg whites, was previously shown to optimize intestinal flora and reduce the incidence of clinical diarrhea in weaning piglets. To study the effects of Duan-Nai-An on mucosal integrity and immunity in pig intestine, we examined the microstructure and ultrastructure of the intestines of weaned pigs with or without Duan-Nai-An as a feed supplement. The piglets of the Duan-Nai-An-fed group developed intestines with intact columnar epithelia covered by tightly packed microvilli on the apical surface. However, piglets of the control group (no supplement) showed villous atrophy and thinning, microvillus slough, and in the severe cases, damage of intestinal epithelia and exposure of the underlying lamina propria. Moreover, piglets of the Duan-Nai-An-fed group showed apparent plasmocyte hyperplasia, increased lymphoid nodule numbers, well-developed Peyer's Patchs, and apparent germinal centers. The lymphoid tissues of the control group were far less developed, showing lymph node atrophy, lymphocyte reduction, degeneration, and necrosis. These results indicate that Duan-Nai-An improves the development of the intestinal structures and lymphoid tissues and promotes intestinal health in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingpai Zhaxi
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xiaoqin Meng
- Lanzhou Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Zhuolin He
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Wanxia Pu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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Xu C, Yan S, Guo Y, Qiao L, Ma L, Dou X, Zhang B. Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 alleviates Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction via TLRs/mast cells pathway. Life Sci 2020; 244:117281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Li Y, Hou S, Chen J, Peng W, Wen W, Chen F, Huang X. Oral administration of Lactobacillus delbrueckii during the suckling period improves intestinal integrity after weaning in piglets. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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45
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Connor KL, Chehoud C, Altrichter A, Chan L, DeSantis TZ, Lye SJ. Maternal metabolic, immune, and microbial systems in late pregnancy vary with malnutrition in mice. Biol Reprod 2019; 98:579-592. [PMID: 29324977 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is a global threat to pregnancy health and impacts offspring development. Establishing an optimal pregnancy environment requires the coordination of maternal metabolic and immune pathways, which converge at the gut. Diet, metabolic, and immune dysfunctions have been associated with gut dysbiosis in the nonpregnant individual. In pregnancy, these states are associated with poor pregnancy outcomes and offspring development. However, the impact of malnutrition on maternal gut microbes, and their relationships with maternal metabolic and immune status, has been largely underexplored. To determine the impact of undernutrition and overnutrition on maternal metabolic status, inflammation, and the microbiome, and whether relationships exist between these systems, pregnant mice were fed either a normal, calorically restricted (CR), or a high fat (HF) diet. In late pregnancy, maternal inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers were measured and the cecal microbiome was characterized. Microbial richness was reduced in HF mothers although they did not gain more weight than controls. First trimester weight gain was associated with differences in the microbiome. Microbial abundance was associated with altered plasma and gut inflammatory phenotypes and peripheral leptin levels. Taxa potentially protective against elevated maternal leptin, without the requirement of a CR diet, were identified. Suboptimal dietary conditions common during pregnancy adversely impact maternal metabolic and immune status and the microbiome. HF nutrition exerts the greatest pressures on maternal microbial dynamics and inflammation. Key gut bacteria may mediate local and peripheral inflammatory events in response to maternal nutrient and metabolic status, with implications for maternal and offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Connor
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Luisa Chan
- Second Genome, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Lye
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Does Irritable Bowel Syndrome Exist? Identifiable and Treatable Causes of Associated Symptoms Suggest It May Not. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord1030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant shortcomings in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) diagnosis and treatment may arise from IBS being an “umbrella” diagnosis that clusters several underlying identifiable and treatable causes for the same symptom presentation into one classification. This view is compatible with the emerging understanding that the pathophysiology of IBS is heterogeneous with varied disease mechanisms responsible for the central pathological features. Collectively, these converging views of the pathophysiology, assessment and management of IBS render the traditional diagnosis and treatment of IBS less relevant; in fact, they suggest that IBS is not a disease entity per se and posit the question “does IBS exist?” The aim of this narrative review is to explore identifiable and treatable causes of digestive symptoms, including lifestyle, environmental and nutritional factors, as well as underlying functional imbalances, that may be misinterpreted as being IBS.
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47
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Li T, Liu Z, Zhang X, Chen X, Wang S. Local Probiotic Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii Exhibit Strong Antifungal Effects Against Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in a Rat Model. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1033. [PMID: 31139166 PMCID: PMC6519388 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive knowledge of the vaginal ecosystem is critical for the development of successful approaches to the treatment of infections. The role of Lactobacilli in preventing vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is controversial. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and mechanism of Lactobacillus crispatus or delbrueckii on vaginitis caused by Candida albicans in a Sprague–Dawley rat model. A microbiological evaluation was performed by Gram staining and fungal colonies were enumerated. The antifungal efficacy of the two Lactobacillus strains was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemical detection of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17, and epithelial-derived IgG (RP125). Our in vitro results showed that the inhibitory activity against Candida colony-forming unit (CFU) counts was demonstrated by the two Lactobacillus strains (P < 0.001). Our results indicated that Lactobacillus administration played an indispensable role in maintaining the immune homeostasis, and decreasing the Th1/Th2 ratio (IFN-γ/IL-4) by regulating the epithelial secretion of cytokines that inhibit epithelial proinflammatory cytokine release, while increasing epithelial-derived IgG expression (P < 0.05), suggesting antibody-mediated protection. Our results implicate L. crispatus and L. delbrueckii as a potential adjunct biotherapeutic agent in women with VVC, especially for those with drug resistance, adverse effects or contraindications when using antifungal agents. Further large, long-term, well-planned clinical studies should be performed in clinical practice to determine their clinical potential of L. crispatus and L. delbrueckii as an adjunct treatment for VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Ultrastructural Pathology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Department of Gynecology, Minimally Invasive Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Suxia Wang
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Department of Gynecology, Minimally Invasive Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Draft Genome Sequence of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activator Strains Lactobacillus reuteri R2lc and 2010. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/14/e00067-19. [PMID: 30948464 PMCID: PMC6449555 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00067-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri R2lc and 2010 are pigmented rat intestinal isolates. L. reuteri R2lc has been studied in different animal disease models, including colitis and acute liver injury. Lactobacillus reuteri R2lc and 2010 are pigmented rat intestinal isolates. L. reuteri R2lc has been studied in different animal disease models, including colitis and acute liver injury. We sequenced both isolates and identified novel secondary metabolite gene clusters, which may be linked to the probiotic potential of these strains.
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49
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Peng M, Liu J, Liang Z. Probiotic Bacillus subtilis CW14 reduces disruption of the epithelial barrier and toxicity of ochratoxin A to Caco-2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 126:25-33. [PMID: 30763683 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The multiple toxic effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) are a threat for human and animal. This study aimed to examine whether B. subtilis CW14 protected against OTA-induced barrier disruption and cell damage to Caco-2 cells. The results showed that Caco-2 cells treated with OTA led to microvilli disruption, tight junction protein (ZO-1 and claudin-1) damage, and inhibition of cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle in the G2/M phase that promoted apoptosis. The treatment of B. subtilis CW14 mitigated the tight junction injury by improving ZO-1 protein expression, and it reduced apoptosis that was induced by OTA. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis indicated that OTA down-regulated genes that involved in the tight junction, cell cycle, and apoptosis-related signaling pathways. B. subtilis CW14 may have protected the ZO-1 protein by activating the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and it reduced OTA damage by down-regulating the death receptor genes and up-regulating the DNA repair genes. These findings demonstrated the importance of B. subtilis CW14 in the regulation of tight junction proteins and in reducing death of intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, B. subtilis CW14 is a potential candidate as a food additive to protect against intestinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Peng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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50
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De Jesus LCL, Drumond MM, de Carvalho A, Santos SS, Martins FS, Ferreira Ê, Fernandes RS, de Barros ALB, do Carmo FL, Perez PF, Azevedo V, Mancha-Agresti P. Protective effect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Lactis CIDCA 133 in a model of 5 Fluorouracil-Induced intestinal mucositis. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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