1
|
Teymoori F, Norouzzadeh M, Farhadnejad H, Jahromi MK, Ahmadirad H, Saber N, Akbarzadeh M, Zarkesh M, Daneshpour MS, Mirmiran P, Vafa M. Parent-child correlation in energy and macronutrient intakes: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2279-2293. [PMID: 38628192 PMCID: PMC11016429 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we aimed to review the evidence from twin and family-based studies that have assessed the familial similarity in intakes of energy and macronutrients among various parent-child pairs. The online literature databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, were searched up to December 2022 to find potentially eligible studies. We converted Pearson's, Spearman's, or intra-class correlation coefficients to z's using Fisher's z transformation to obtain approximate normality and then calculated a mean and standard error (SE) of transformed correlation weighted by the sample sizes in the studies. We reported pooled r and 95% CI as our final results in five groups, including parent-child, mother-daughter, mother-son, father-daughter, and father-son. Twenty-one eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis, in which the sample size ranged from 33 and 4310. Our analysis showed that family resemblance in the intake of energy and macronutrients in various parent-offspring pairs was weak to moderate which could be different based on family pairs, nutrients, and studies. The highest similarity in dietary intakes was observed among the mother-daughter pair, which was for carbohydrate and protein intake, respectively. The lowest correlations in dietary intakes were found between mother-son or father-son pairs. Our meta-analysis suggested that family similarity for intakes of energy and macronutrients was not strong in parent-child pairs. The highest correlation in dietary intake was mostly found in mother-daughter pairs. The weak similarities in dietary intake among parent-child pairs indicate the noticeable effect of the environment outside the family on individuals' dietary choices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mostafa Norouzzadeh
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Mitra Kazemi Jahromi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterHormozgan University of Medical SciencesBandar AbbasIran
| | - Hamid Ahmadirad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Niloufar Saber
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Mahdi Akbarzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Maryam Zarkesh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Maryam S. Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Uday S, Högler W. The burden of vitamin D deficiency in household members of children presenting with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:958422. [PMID: 36111298 PMCID: PMC9468761 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.958422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micronutrient deficiencies are common among household/family members due to shared lifestyle and dietary habits. The extent of biochemical abnormalities in household members of children presenting with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency remains unknown. AIM Investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and biochemical osteomalacia in the mothers and siblings of children presenting with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency. METHODS All mothers and sibling of children referred to a single tertiary endocrine centre between January 2018 and December 2021, with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency were investigated prospectively for vitamin D deficiency [defined as 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) < 30nmol/L] and biochemical osteomalacia [vitamin D deficiency and elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and/or parathormone (PTH)] as per clinical guidelines. REULTS Ninety-seven family members (68 siblings and 29 mothers) of 29 index cases (median age 1.7 years, 55.5% male) were investigated. The majority (65.5%, n=19) were of Asian ethnic background. The mean (SD) 25OHD levels of the index, maternal and sibling cohorts were 15 (10), 15 (7) and 20 (10) nmol/L respectively. Vitamin D deficiency was noted in 93% of the maternal and 79% of the sibling cohorts. Biochemical osteomalacia was present in 72% of the maternal and 79% of the sibling cohorts. Mothers of infants had significantly lower mean 25OHD levels compared to mothers of older children [11 (n=12) vs 18 nmol/L (n=17) respectively, p=0.006)], most of whom were symptomatic (66.6%, n=8/12). None of the mothers had hypocalcaemia. Among the 10% (n=7) of the siblings with hypocalcaemia, 86% (n=6/7) had concurrent dietary calcium deficiency and 71.4% (n= 5/7) reported symptoms in retrospect. Hypocalcaemic siblings had significantly lower 25OHD (7 vs 15 nmol/L, p<0.001), higher PTH (175 vs 58 ng/L, p<0.001) and ALP (846 vs 318 IU/L, p<0.001), respectively compared to normocalcaemic siblings. CONCLUSIONS In view of the substantial morbidity uncovered in household/family members of children diagnosed with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency, we recommend universal supplementation of all risk groups. Biochemical testing and treatment is indicated to replenish stores only in those at highest risk such as mothers of infants, individuals with concurrent dietary calcium deficiency and those with clinical symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suma Uday
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Suma Uday,
| | - Wolfgang Högler
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nutrient intake and gender differences among Saudi children. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e99. [PMID: 34888037 PMCID: PMC8634296 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary surveillance is necessary to determine community needs for nutrition interventions. Yet, the nutrient intake of Saudi children has not been previously investigated. The objective of the present study is to evaluate dietary data of Saudi children and investigate gender differences in nutrient intake. In this cross-sectional study, dietary data of 424 Saudi children (6–12 years of age) were collected using telephone-administered single 24-h dietary recall. Three 24-h dietary recalls were collected from a subsample of 168 children (39⋅6 %) and compared with the Dietary Recommended Intakes (DRIs). Nutrient intakes and proportions of children meeting the DRI requirements were similar and did not vary by children's gender. Over two-thirds of the children had an adequate usual intake of vitamin B12, and over half had adequate intakes (AIs) of vitamin C and phosphorus. On the other hand, our data indicated that low proportions of children consumed adequate usual intakes of magnesium and vitamin E. Over half of the children in our sample met the AI for sodium and vitamin D. Only small proportions of children met the AI for calcium, potassium and fibre. Cholesterol and saturated fat intake exceeded the limits of 300 mg and 10 % of total energy intake by 13⋅7 % (n 23) and 80⋅4 % (n 135) of the sample, respectively. Suboptimal intake of several micronutrients was observed among children, suggesting an urgent need to identify barriers to high-quality diet and to develop evidence-based interventions to promote optimal dietary efficacy for children in Saudi Arabia.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hernández-Ruiz Á, Díaz-Jereda LA, Madrigal C, Soto-Méndez MJ, Kuijsten A, Gil Á. Methodological Aspects of Diet Quality Indicators in Childhood: A Mapping Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2435-2494. [PMID: 34192740 PMCID: PMC8634546 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet quality indicators (DQIns) are tools that aim to assess an individual's overall diet quality. Previous reviews focused mainly on health-related outcomes but did not provide detailed information about components, assessment variables, or important methodological issues for the development and application of DQIns in the pediatric age. The current mapping review aims to provide comprehensive guidance regarding DQIns developed through a priori methodology in children aged ≤14 y that have been applied worldwide. A mapping review was conducted, whereby 1665 original articles describing the development, modifications, and updates of DQIns, published up to June 26, 2020, in English and Spanish, were retrieved. A total of 139 articles were identified and classified into 13 subgroups. There were 10 overall DQIns: Healthy Eating Indexes (n = 25), Dietary Diversity Scores (n = 20), Diet Quality Indexes (n = 16), Food Variety Scores (n = 11), Healthy and Unhealthy Scores (n = 11), Feeding and Eating Indexes (n = 10), Diet Quality Scores (n = 5), Nutritional Adequacy and Micronutrients Indexes (n = 5), Dietary Guidelines Indexes (n = 5), and Other Healthy Diet Indexes (n = 13). Three additional subgroups of dietary and lifestyle indicators found were Mediterranean Diet Indexes (n = 10), Diet-Lifestyle Indexes (n = 5), and Breakfast Quality Indexes (n = 3). This compilation of DQIns will help researchers select the most appropriate tool for future epidemiological studies by considering a careful selection of information about the assessment components, scoring methods, and key methodological issues. The main limitations of this review are that, due to its nature, a risk-of-bias assessment was not performed and the article screening was completed in 2 databases (PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus). More research is needed to identify health-related outcomes associated with DQIns in the pediatric population, using clearer and more standardized methodological criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Casandra Madrigal
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Granada, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Anneleen Kuijsten
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ángel Gil
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix,” Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, Granada University Hospital Complex, Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fagnant HS, Lutz LJ, Nakayama AT, Gaffney-Stomberg E, McClung JP, Karl JP. Breakfast Skipping Is Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency among Young Adults entering Initial Military Training. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 122:1114-1128.e1. [PMID: 34601165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency (VDD), defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels < 20 ng/mL [to convert 25[OH]D ng/mL to nmol/L, multiply by 2.5]) is prevalent in young adults and has been associated with adverse health outcomes, including stress fracture during periods of increased physical activity such as military training. Foods commonly consumed at breakfast provide an important source of vitamin D, yet breakfast skipping is common among young adults. However, whether breakfast skipping is associated with VDD in young adults is unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether breakfast skipping is associated with odds of VDD among recruits entering initial military training (IMT), and with changes in serum 25(OH)D during IMT. In addition, whether diet quality and vitamin D intake mediated these associations was determined. DESIGN Secondary analysis of individual participant data collected during five IMT studies. Breakfast skipping (≥ 3 times/week) was self-reported. Dietary intake was determined using food frequency questionnaires, and vitamin D status was assessed using circulating 25(OH)D concentrations pre- and post-IMT. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were healthy US Army, US Air Force, and US Marine recruits (N = 1,569, 55% male, mean ± standard deviation age 21 ± 4 years) entering military service between 2010 and 2015 at Fort Jackson, SC; Fort Sill, OK; Lakeland Air Force Base, TX; or the Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, SC. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes were VDD pre-IMT and change in 25(OH)D from pre- to post-IMT. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED Associations were determined using multivariate-adjusted logistic and linear regression and mediation models. RESULTS Forty-six percent of military recruits were classified as breakfast skippers pre-IMT, and 30% were VDD. Breakfast skipping was associated with a higher odds of pre-IMT VDD (odds ratio 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.9), and lower vitamin D intake and diet quality were partial mediators of the association. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations improved (P = 0.01) among habitual breakfast skippers versus nonskippers during IMT; however, regression to the mean could not be ruled out. Neither change in diet quality nor vitamin D intake were associated with change in 25(OH)D concentrations during IMT. CONCLUSIONS Breakfast skipping is prevalent among incoming military recruits and is associated with VDD. This relationship may be mediated by lower diet quality and vitamin D intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather S Fagnant
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Laura J Lutz
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Anna T Nakayama
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts; Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Belcamp, Maryland
| | | | - James P McClung
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - J Philip Karl
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aslani Z, Bahreynian M, Namazi N, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Asayesh H, Motlagh ME, Pourmirzaei MA, Kasaeian A, Mahdavi-Gorabi A, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. Association of dietary acid load with anthropometric indices in children and adolescents. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:555-567. [PMID: 32172506 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High dietary acid load (DAL) may have an influence on anthropometric indices. Given that there was no study on the association between DAL and anthropometric indices children and adolescents, the current study was aimed to examine the association between DAL and anthropometric indices in Iranian children and adolescents. METHODS Students aged 6-18 years were recruited using a multi-stage, cluster sampling method from 30 provinces of Iran. Dietary intake was assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Height (Ht), weight (Wt), neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), wrist circumference, and hip circumference (HC) were measured. WC-to-HC ratio (WHR), WC-to-Ht ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI) z-score, tri-ponderal mass index (TMI), and parental BMI were computed. Potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) were used to estimate DAL. The association between DAL and anthropometric indices was evaluated using linear regression models. RESULTS In total, 5326 students (46.92% girls), with mean (standard deviations (SD)) age of 12.50 (3.14) years participated in the study (response rate: 98.13%). After adjusting for confounders, there was a significant association between NEAP and NC (P < 0.05). Also, an inverse association was observed between PRAL and NEAP with parental BMI (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings showed a direct association between diet-induced acid load and NC and an inverse association between DAL indices and parental BMI. More well-designed clinical studies are warranted to confirm our results and the underlying mechanisms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Aslani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahreynian
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazli Namazi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - James R Hébert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Pourmirzaei
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Kasaeian
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armita Mahdavi-Gorabi
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. .,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index with anthropometric indices in children and adolescents: the weight disorder survey of the Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable Disease (CASPIAN)-IV study. Br J Nutr 2018; 121:340-350. [PMID: 30507370 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518003240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), a validated tool for evaluating diet-associated inflammation, and anthropometric indices in children and adolescents. This multicentre survey was conducted on 5427 school students selected via multistage cluster sampling from thirty provinces of Iran. This survey was conducted under the framework of the weight disorders survey, which is part of a national surveillance programme entitled Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable Diseases-IV. For calculating the DII scores, twenty-five dietary factors were obtained from a validated 168-item FFQ. Height, weight, wrist circumference, neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) were measured. BMI z-score, waist circumference:hip circumference ratio (WHR), waist circumference:height ratio (WHtR) and parental BMI were computed. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association of DII and anthropometric indices. Significant trends were observed across quartiles of DII score for all anthropometric indices in all participants (P <0·05), except for WHR and WHtR. After adjustment for potential confounders, the multiple linear regression analysis for each anthropometric index revealed that participants in the highest DII quartile had higher BMI z-score, WC, HC and parental BMI compared with those in the first (or lowest) quartile. In summary, we found that a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with higher BMI z-score, wrist circumference, NC, WC, HC and parental BMI. The large sample size of the present study may influence the statistical significance of observed associations. Hence, the findings should be clinically interpreted with caution.
Collapse
|
8
|
Merkiel-Pawłowska S, Chalcarz W. Gender differences and typical nutrition concerns of the diets of preschool children - the results of the first stage of an intervention study. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:207. [PMID: 29258537 PMCID: PMC5735756 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0962-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition in children has an important influence on health both in childhood and adulthood. Actions aimed at improving children's nutrition are essential, not only to the children and their families, but also to the whole society. The aim of the study was to present the results of nutrient intake before starting a nutrition and physical activity intervention programme, to investigate gender differences in nutrient intake and to discuss whether the preschoolers' nutrient intake is similar to the intake of their peers from other countries. METHODS Nutrient intake was estimated from seven-day weighed food records kept by parents and preschool staff individually for 122 4-6-year-old children who attended two preschools in Piła, north-western Poland. Nutrient intake was calculated using Dieta 4.0 computer programme including water intake and intake of nutrients from dietary supplements. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics computer programme, version 21.0, according to gender. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Poznan University of Medical Sciences (reference number 886/08). RESULTS Boys, in comparison to girls, were found to have statistically significantly higher intakes of total protein, total protein per kg of body weight, saturated fatty acids, total carbohydrates, available carbohydrates, lactose, sucrose, total water, vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Statistically significantly higher percentage of girls than boys had intakes of vitamin E below AI. CONCLUSIONS Gender was a significant factor of nutrient intake in the studied preschool children. The main nutritional concerns in the studied preschoolers' diets, irrespective of gender, are typical of the diets of preschool children from various parts of Europe and indicate the need to work out common nutritional strategies to improve preschoolers' nutrition across Europe to reduce future burden of diet-related diseases to the European societies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Merkiel-Pawłowska
- Food and Nutrition Department of the Eugeniusz Piasecki University School of Physical Education in Poznan, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39 Street, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Chalcarz
- Food and Nutrition Department of the Eugeniusz Piasecki University School of Physical Education in Poznan, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39 Street, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine intakes and variety of fruit and vegetables consumed by Australian young adults, also assessing differences by meal occasion and sociodemographic characteristics. DESIGN Secondary analysis of cross-sectional 24 h recall data collected through the 2011-12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Crude means and proportions consuming fruits and vegetables were calculated. Pearson χ 2 tests, Kruskal-Wallis analyses and linear regression models were used to assess differences in mean intakes by age, BMI and sociodemographic variables. The variety eaten was determined based on the number of fruit and vegetable subgroups consumed. SETTING Representative sample of metropolitan and rural areas across Australia. SUBJECTS Respondents aged 18-34 years were included (n 2397). RESULTS Mean daily intake of fruit (128 g/0·9 servings) and vegetables (205 g/2·7 servings) was lower than the minimum recommended intake set at 2 and 5 servings, respectively. Age was positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake (P=0·002, P<0·001), with 18-24-year-olds reporting the poorest vegetable variety compared with 25-29- and 30-34-year-olds (P=0·002). When controlling for total energy, males consumed less vegetables than females (P=0·002). A large proportion of the 15 % of respondents who consumed adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables on the day prior to the survey reported intake across all meal occasions (P<0·001). CONCLUSIONS Fruit and vegetable intake is suboptimal among Australian young adults. An age-appropriate campaign is recommended to target increased consumption, particularly for those aged 18-24 years, with opportunity to promote increased variety and consumption across the day.
Collapse
|
10
|
Milk-cereal and whole-grain dietary patterns protect against low bone mineral density among male adolescents and young adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:1101-1107. [PMID: 28561037 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Evidence supporting the possible effect of dietary factors on adult bone health has emerged in recent decades. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the influence of different dietary patterns on bone mineral density (BMD) among Korean male youth. SUBJECTS/METHODS Data were extracted from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) during 2008-2011. The subjects included 1351 male aged 10-25 years. We defined 'low BMD group' as subjects with a BMD Z-score of -2.0 or less. Dietary patterns were derived from 20 food groups via factor analysis. RESULTS Three dietary patterns-meat and vegetable, white rice and kimchi, milk-cereal and whole grain-were derived. The 'milk-cereal and whole-grain' dietary pattern score showed positive association with energy, protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, riboflavin and vitamin C intakes. Participants in the top tertile of the milk-cereal and whole-grain pattern were less likely to have low BMD, compared with subjects in the bottom tertile (odds ratio=0.36, 95% confidence interval=0.16-0.81, P=0.018). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the milk-cereal and whole-grain dietary pattern may have a benign influence on bone health in the Korean male youth.
Collapse
|
11
|
Aquino JDS, Vasconcelos MHDA, Pessoa DCNDP, Soares JKB, Prado JPDS, Mascarenhas RDJ, Magnani M, Stamford TLM. Intake of cookies made with buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa) improves vitamin A status and lipid profiles in young rats. Food Funct 2016; 7:4442-4450. [PMID: 27713990 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00770h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The oil extracted from Mauritia flexuosa (buriti) is rich in vitamin A, tocopherols and unsaturated fatty acids. This study evaluated the retinol status, blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, food efficiency rates (FERs), food conversion rates (FCRs) and murine anthropometric parameters of Wistar rats fed cookies made with buriti oil (BOC). The content of β-carotene and monounsaturated fatty acids in the cookies was enhanced (p < 0.05) using buriti oil. Rats fed BOC showed an increase (p < 0.05) in serum and hepatic retinol levels compared to rats fed cookies made with soy oil (SOC - control). Rats fed BOC showed lower (p < 0.05) total and LDL cholesterol than the control; however, no changes in blood glucose levels or murine anthropometric parameters were observed. Serum retinol contents showed a strong correlation (r > 0.8) with hepatic retinol, and both groups of rats showed moderate correlations (r > 0.6 < 0.5) with FERs, FCRs and weight gain. Taken together, these results indicated that buriti is an alternative to increase vitamin A in baked goods, particularly in cookies. Intake of BOC improves lipid profiles and retinol status without affecting blood glucose in young rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jailane de Souza Aquino
- Departamento de Nutrição/CCS, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, s/n, Castelo Branco, 58051-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | | | | | - Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares
- Departamento de Nutrição/CES, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Olho d'agua da Bica, s/n, 58175-000, Cuité-PB, Brasil
| | - João Paulo de Sousa Prado
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos/CTDR, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus V, Avenida dos Escoteiros, s/no, Mangabeira VII, Distrito Industrial de Mangabeira, CEP 58055-000, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - Robson de Jesus Mascarenhas
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão Pernambucano, Campus Petrolina, BR 407, km 08, Jd, São Paulo, 56314-520, Petrolina, PE, Brasil
| | - Marciane Magnani
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, s/n, Castelo Branco, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.
| | - Tânia Lúcia Montenegro Stamford
- Departamento de Nutrição/CCS, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Campus Recife, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|