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An K, Jia Y, Xie B, Gao J, Chen Y, Yuan W, Zhong J, Su P, Liu X. Alterations in the gut mycobiome with coronary artery disease severity. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105137. [PMID: 38703606 PMCID: PMC11087906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a prevalent cardiovascular condition, and numerous studies have linked gut bacterial imbalance to CAD. However, the relationship of gut fungi, another essential component of the intestinal microbiota, with CAD remains poorly understood. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed fecal samples from 132 participants, split into 31 healthy controls and 101 CAD patients, further categorized into stable CAD (38), unstable angina (41), and acute myocardial infarction (22) groups. We conducted internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and 16S sequencing to examine gut fungal and bacterial communities. FINDINGS Based on ITS1 analyses, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal phyla in all the groups. The α diversity of gut mycobiome remained unaltered among the control group and CAD subgroups; however, the structure and composition of the mycobiota differed significantly with the progression of CAD. The abundances of 15 taxa gradually changed with the occurrence and progression of the disease and were significantly correlated with major CAD risk factor indicators. The mycobiome changes were closely linked to gut microbiome dysbiosis in patients with CAD. Furthermore, disease classifiers based on gut fungi effectively identified subgroups with different degrees of CAD. Finally, the FUNGuild analysis further categorized these fungi into distinct ecological guilds. INTERPRETATION In conclusion, the structure and composition of the gut fungal community differed from healthy controls to various subtypes of CAD, revealing key fungi taxa alterations linked to the onset and progression of CAD. Our study highlights the potential role of gut fungi in CAD and may facilitate the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CAD. FUNDING This work was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82170302, 92168117, 82370432), National clinical key specialty construction project- Cardiovascular Surgery, the Reform and Development Program of Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine (No. Ggyfz202417, Ggyfz202308), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 7222068); and the Clinical Research Incubation Program of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University (No. CYFH202209).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun An
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yanxiong Jia
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Boqia Xie
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yihang Chen
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jiuchang Zhong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Pixiong Su
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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2
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Gnaien M, Maufrais C, Rebai Y, Kallel A, Ma L, Hamouda S, Khalsi F, Meftah K, Smaoui H, Khemiri M, Hadj Fredj S, Bachellier-Bassi S, Najjar I, Messaoud T, Boussetta K, Kallel K, Mardassi H, d’Enfert C, Bougnoux ME, Znaidi S. A gain-of-function mutation in zinc cluster transcription factor Rob1 drives Candida albicans adaptive growth in the cystic fibrosis lung environment. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012154. [PMID: 38603707 PMCID: PMC11037546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans chronically colonizes the respiratory tract of patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). It competes with CF-associated pathogens (e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and contributes to disease severity. We hypothesize that C. albicans undergoes specific adaptation mechanisms that explain its persistence in the CF lung environment. To identify the underlying genetic and phenotypic determinants, we serially recovered 146 C. albicans clinical isolates over a period of 30 months from the sputum of 25 antifungal-naive CF patients. Multilocus sequence typing analyses revealed that most patients were individually colonized with genetically close strains, facilitating comparative analyses between serial isolates. We strikingly observed differential ability to filament and form monospecies and dual-species biofilms with P. aeruginosa among 18 serial isolates sharing the same diploid sequence type, recovered within one year from a pediatric patient. Whole genome sequencing revealed that their genomes were highly heterozygous and similar to each other, displaying a highly clonal subpopulation structure. Data mining identified 34 non-synonymous heterozygous SNPs in 19 open reading frames differentiating the hyperfilamentous and strong biofilm-former strains from the remaining isolates. Among these, we detected a glycine-to-glutamate substitution at position 299 (G299E) in the deduced amino acid sequence of the zinc cluster transcription factor ROB1 (ROB1G299E), encoding a major regulator of filamentous growth and biofilm formation. Introduction of the G299E heterozygous mutation in a co-isolated weak biofilm-former CF strain was sufficient to confer hyperfilamentous growth, increased expression of hyphal-specific genes, increased monospecies biofilm formation and increased survival in dual-species biofilms formed with P. aeruginosa, indicating that ROB1G299E is a gain-of-function mutation. Disruption of ROB1 in a hyperfilamentous isolate carrying the ROB1G299E allele abolished hyperfilamentation and biofilm formation. Our study links a single heterozygous mutation to the ability of C. albicans to better survive during the interaction with other CF-associated microbes and illuminates how adaptive traits emerge in microbial pathogens to persistently colonize and/or infect the CF-patient airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayssa Gnaien
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Vaccinologie et Développement Biotechnologique (LR16IPT01), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Corinne Maufrais
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019A, Département Mycologie, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Yasmine Rebai
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Vaccinologie et Développement Biotechnologique (LR16IPT01), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aicha Kallel
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Vaccinologie et Développement Biotechnologique (LR16IPT01), Tunis, Tunisia
- Hôpital La Rabta, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et de Mycologie, UR17SP03, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Laurence Ma
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biomics core facility, Centre de Ressources et Recherche Technologique (C2RT), Paris, France
| | - Samia Hamouda
- Hôpital d’Enfants Béchir Hamza de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Khalsi
- Hôpital d’Enfants Béchir Hamza de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Hanen Smaoui
- Hôpital d’Enfants Béchir Hamza de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Monia Khemiri
- Hôpital d’Enfants Béchir Hamza de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Sophie Bachellier-Bassi
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019A, Département Mycologie, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Imène Najjar
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biomics core facility, Centre de Ressources et Recherche Technologique (C2RT), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Kalthoum Kallel
- Hôpital La Rabta, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et de Mycologie, UR17SP03, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Helmi Mardassi
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Vaccinologie et Développement Biotechnologique (LR16IPT01), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Christophe d’Enfert
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019A, Département Mycologie, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019A, Département Mycologie, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Sadri Znaidi
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Vaccinologie et Développement Biotechnologique (LR16IPT01), Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019A, Département Mycologie, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
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Belibasakis GN, Senevirantne CJ, Jayasinghe RD, Vo PTD, Bostanci N, Choi Y. Bacteriome and mycobiome dysbiosis in oral mucosal dysplasia and oral cancer. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38501658 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
It has long been considered that the oral microbiome is tightly connected to oral health and that dysbiotic changes can be detrimental to the occurrence and progression of dysplastic oral mucosal lesions or oral cancer. Improved understanding of the concepts of microbial dysbiosis together with advances in high-throughput molecular sequencing of these pathologies have charted in greater microbiological detail the nature of their clinical state. This review discusses the bacteriome and mycobiome associated with oral mucosal lesions, oral candidiasis, and oral squamous cell carcinoma, aiming to delineate the information available to date in pursuit of advancing diagnostic and prognostic utilities for oral medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Phuc Thi-Duy Vo
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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4
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Robertson SN, Romero M, Fenn S, Kohler Riedi PL, Cámara M. Development, characterization, and evaluation of a simple polymicrobial colony biofilm model for testing of antimicrobial wound dressings. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae042. [PMID: 38366933 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wound infections are generally of polymicrobial nature with aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, as well as fungi frequently observed in them. Wound treatment involves a series of steps, including debridement of the wound, flushing, and often the use of multiple wound dressings many of which are antimicrobial. Yet, many wound dressings are tested versus single species of planktonic microbes, which fails to mirror the real-life presence of biofilms. AIMS Simple biofilm models are the first step to testing of any antimicrobial and wound dressing; therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a simple polymicrobial colony biofilm wound model comprised of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans on RPMI-1640 agar. The model was then used to evaluate the topical disinfectant chlorohexidine and four commercially available wound dressings using the polymicrobial model. The model used was as a starting point to mimic debridement in clinical care of wounds and the effectiveness of wound dressings evaluated afterwards. METHODS AND RESULTS Planktonic assessment using AATCC100-2004 demonstrated that all antimicrobial wound dressings reduced the planktonic microbial burden below the limit of detection; however, when challenged with polymicrobial colony biofilms, silver wound dressings showed limited effectiveness (1-2 log CFU reductions). In contrast, a single iodine releasing wound dressing showed potent antibiofilm activity reducing all species CFUs below the limit of detection (>6-10 log) depending on the species. A disrupted biofilm model challenge was performed to represent the debridement of a wound and wound silver-based wound dressings were found to be marginally more effective than in whole colony biofilm challenges while the iodine containing wound dressing reduced microbial recovery below the limit of detection. CONCLUSIONS In this model, silver dressings were ineffective versus the whole colony biofilms but showed some recovery of activity versus the disrupted colony biofilm. The iodine wound dressing reduced the viability of all species below the level of detection. This suggests that mode of action of wound dressing should be considered for the type of biofilm challenge as should the clinical use, e.g. debridement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun N Robertson
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Romero
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Aquatic One Health Research Center (ARCUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Samuel Fenn
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Schools of Microbiology and Medicine, University College Cork, and APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork T12 TP07, Ireland
| | | | - Miguel Cámara
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom
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5
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Naik B, Sasikumar J, B V, Das SP. Fungal coexistence in the skin mycobiome: a study involving Malassezia, Candida, and Rhodotorula. AMB Express 2024; 14:26. [PMID: 38376644 PMCID: PMC10879058 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence of fungal coexistence in humans points towards fungal adaptation to the host environment, like the skin. The human commensal Malassezia has evolved, especially residing in sebum-rich areas of the mammalian body where it can get the necessary nutrition for its survival. This fungus is primarily responsible for skin diseases like Pityriasis versicolor (PV), characterized by hypo or hyperpigmented skin discoloration and erythematous macules. In this manuscript, we report a 19-year-old healthy female who presented with a one-year history of reddish, hypopigmented, asymptomatic lesions over the chest and a raised erythematous lesion over the face. Upon clinical observation, the patient displayed multiple erythematous macules and erythematous papules over the bilateral malar area of the face, along with multiple hypopigmented scaly macules present on the chest and back. Based on the above clinical findings, a diagnosis of PV and Acne vulgaris (AV) was made. Interestingly, the patient was immunocompetent and didn't have any comorbidities. Upon isolation of skin scrapings and post-culturing, we found the existence of three fungal genera in the same region of the patient's body. We further went on to confirm the identity of the particular species and found it to represent Malassezia, Rhodotorula, and Candida. We report how Malassezia, the predominant microbial resident skin fungus, coexists with other fungal members of the skin mycobiome. This study on an applied aspect of microbiology also shows how important it is to identify the fungal organism associated with skin infections so that appropriate therapeutics can be advised to avoid cases of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharati Naik
- Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Jayaprakash Sasikumar
- Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Vishal B
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy (DVL), Yenepoya Medical College Hospital (YMCH), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Shankar Prasad Das
- Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India.
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6
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Brouwer C, Boekhout T, Alwasel S, Rahman M, Janga R, Welling MM. Screening sensibility and antifungal activity after topical application of a synthetic lactoferrin-derived antimicrobial peptide. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:669-680. [PMID: 38463589 PMCID: PMC10918136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Onychomycosis is the most common disease of the nails and constitutes about half of all nail abnormalities. Onychomycosis is usually caused by dermatophytes and incomparably less frequently by yeast-like fungi and non-dermatophyte molds. Current treatment options for onychomycosis are ineffective. METHODS This study evaluated the performance of a commercial and CE-registered product containing antimicrobial peptide hLF1-11 in vitro for treating toenail onychomycosis. In a case-control setting, nail samples from 59 volunteers were obtained before and after treatment by a pedicurist and investigated for the presence of fungi by culturing, barcode sequencing, and MALDI-TOF-MS. RESULTS Of 89 samples, T. rubrum (19%) and C. parapsilosis (17%) were cultured. In total, 47 samples (53%) were positive for culture. MALDI-TOF-MS could identify 28, but 19 remained unidentified; those species were not included in the commercial MALDI-TOF reference database library. A positive effect of treatment by the hLF1-11 product on 41 volunteers (1 placebo, 18 low doses, 22 high doses) was observed. No adverse effects of the peptide were observed or reported by the pedicurist or any of the participants. CONCLUSIONS This study showed a positive therapeutic effect of a commercial product containing hLF1-11 in the case of 88.9% of the patients with onychomycosis. The present formulation of hLF1-11 into PBS is stable enough to permit storage at room temperature for at least two years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teun Boekhout
- College of Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- College of Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ruth Janga
- Dushi Pia Medical PedicureIJsselstein, The Netherlands
| | - Mick M Welling
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, The Netherlands
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Otálora-Otálora BA, López-Rivera JJ, Aristizábal-Guzmán C, Isaza-Ruget MA, Álvarez-Moreno CA. Host Transcriptional Regulatory Genes and Microbiome Networks Crosstalk through Immune Receptors Establishing Normal and Tumor Multiomics Metafirm of the Oral-Gut-Lung Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16638. [PMID: 38068961 PMCID: PMC10706695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome has shown a correlation with the diet and lifestyle of each population in health and disease, the ability to communicate at the cellular level with the host through innate and adaptative immune receptors, and therefore an important role in modulating inflammatory process related to the establishment and progression of cancer. The oral cavity is one of the most important interaction windows between the human body and the environment, allowing the entry of an important number of microorganisms and their passage across the gastrointestinal tract and lungs. In this review, the contribution of the microbiome network to the establishment of systemic diseases like cancer is analyzed through their synergistic interactions and bidirectional crosstalk in the oral-gut-lung axis as well as its communication with the host cells. Moreover, the impact of the characteristic microbiota of each population in the formation of the multiomics molecular metafirm of the oral-gut-lung axis is also analyzed through state-of-the-art sequencing techniques, which allow a global study of the molecular processes involved of the flow of the microbiota environmental signals through cancer-related cells and its relationship with the establishment of the transcription factor network responsible for the control of regulatory processes involved with tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Javier López-Rivera
- Grupo de Investigación INPAC, Specialized Laboratory, Clinica Universitaria Colombia, Clínica Colsanitas S.A., Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
| | - Claudia Aristizábal-Guzmán
- Grupo de Investigación INPAC, Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá 110131, Colombia;
| | - Mario Arturo Isaza-Ruget
- Keralty, Sanitas International Organization, Grupo de Investigación INPAC, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá 110131, Colombia;
| | - Carlos Arturo Álvarez-Moreno
- Infectious Diseases Department, Clinica Universitaria Colombia, Clínica Colsanitas S.A., Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
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Novy E, Roger C, Roberts JA, Cotta MO. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations for antifungal therapy optimisation in the treatment of intra-abdominal candidiasis. Crit Care 2023; 27:449. [PMID: 37981676 PMCID: PMC10659066 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) is one of the most common of invasive candidiasis observed in critically ill patients. It is associated with high mortality, with up to 50% of deaths attributable to delays in source control and/or the introduction of antifungal therapy. Currently, there is no comprehensive guidance on optimising antifungal dosing in the treatment of IAC among the critically ill. However, this form of abdominal sepsis presents specific pharmacokinetic (PK) alterations and pharmacodynamic (PD) challenges that risk suboptimal antifungal exposure at the site of infection in critically ill patients. This review aims to describe the peculiarities of IAC from both PK and PD perspectives, advocating an individualized approach to antifungal dosing. Additionally, all current PK/PD studies relating to IAC are reviewed in terms of strength and limitations, so that core elements for the basis of future research can be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Novy
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital Campus Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Peri-Operative Medicine, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, SIMPA, 54500, Nancy, France
| | - Claire Roger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, Pain and Emergency Medicine, Nimes University Hospital, Place du Professeur Robert Debré, 30029, Nîmes Cedex 9, France
- UR UM103 IMAGINE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jason A Roberts
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital Campus Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, Pain and Emergency Medicine, Nimes University Hospital, Place du Professeur Robert Debré, 30029, Nîmes Cedex 9, France.
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Pharmacy, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Herston Infectious Diseases Institute (HeIDI), Metro North Health, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Menino Osbert Cotta
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital Campus Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
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9
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Fang H. gmcoda: Graphical model for multiple compositional vectors in microbiome studies. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:btad700. [PMID: 37975866 PMCID: PMC10681862 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Microbes are essential components in the ecosystem and participate in most biological procedures in environments. The high-throughput sequencing technologies help researchers directly quantify the abundance of microbes in a natural environment. Microbiome studies explore the construction, stability, and function of microbial communities with the aid of sequencing technology. However, sequencing technologies only provide relative abundances of microbes, and this kind of data is called compositional data in statistics. The constraint of the constant-sum requires flexible statistical methods for analyzing microbiome data. Current statistical analysis of compositional data mainly focuses on one compositional vector such as bacterial communities. The fungi are also an important component in microbial communities and are always measured by sequencing internal transcribed spacer instead of 16S rRNA genes for bacteria. The different sequencing methods between fungi and bacteria bring two compositional vectors in microbiome studies. RESULTS We propose a novel statistical method, called gmcoda, based on an additive logistic normal distribution for estimating the partial correlation matrix for cross-domain interactions. A majorization-minimization algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem involved in gmcoda. Through simulation studies, gmcoda is demonstrated to work well in estimating partial correlations between two compositional vectors. Gmcoda is also applied to infer cross-domain interactions in a real microbiome dataset and finds potential interactions between bacteria and fungi. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Gmcoda is open source and freely available from https://github.com/huayingfang/gmcoda under GNU LGPL v3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Fang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Academy of Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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10
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Edelkamp J, Lousada MB, Pinto D, Chéret J, Calabrese FM, Jiménez F, Erdmann H, Wessel J, Phillip B, Angelis MD, Rinaldi F, Bertolini M, Paus R. Management of the human hair follicle microbiome by a synthetic odorant. J Dermatol Sci 2023; 112:99-108. [PMID: 37858476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human scalp hair follicles (HFs) engage in olfactory receptor (OR)-dependent chemosensation. Activation of olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily AT member 4 (OR2AT4) by the synthetic, sandalwood-like odorant Sandalore® up-regulated HF antimicrobial peptide expression of dermcidin (DCD), which had previously been thought to be produced exclusively by sweat and sebaceous glands. OBJECTIVES To understand if intrafollicular DCD production can be stimulated by a commonly used cosmetic odorant, thus altering human HF microbiome composition in a clinically beneficial manner. METHODS DCD expression was compared between fresh-frozen scalp biopsies and microdissected, full-length scalp HFs, organ-cultured in the presence/absence of the OR2AT4 agonist, Sandalore® and/or antibiotics and/or the competitive OR2AT4 antagonist, Phenirat®. Amplicon-based sequencing and microbial growth assays were performed to assess how this treatment affected the HF microbiome. RESULTS Synthetic odorant treatment upregulated epithelial DCD expression and exerted antimicrobial activity in human HFs ex vivo. Combined antibiotic and odorant treatment, during an ex vivo dysbiosis event, prevented HF tissue damage and favoured a more physiological microbiome composition. Sandalore®-conditioned medium, containing higher DCD content, favoured Staphylococcus epidermidis and Malassezia restricta over S. aureus and M. globosa, while exhibiting antimicrobial activity against Cutibacterium acnes. These effects were reversed by co-administration of Phenirat®. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first proof-of-principle that a cosmetic odorant impacts the human HF microbiome by up-regulating antimicrobial peptide production in an olfactory receptor-dependent manner. Specifically, a synthetic sandalwood-like odorant stimulates intrafollicular DCD production, likely via OR2AT4, and thereby controls microbial overgrowth. Thus, deserving further exploration as an adjuvant therapeutic principle in the management of folliculitis and dysbiosis-associated hair diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Edelkamp
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany.
| | - Marta B Lousada
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany; Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts, University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jérémy Chéret
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Francisco Jiménez
- Mediteknia, Skin & Hair Lab, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Julia Wessel
- Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (IMMB), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bodo Phillip
- Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (IMMB), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Marta Bertolini
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany; Mediteknia, Skin & Hair Lab, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; CUTANEON Skin & Hair Innovations, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Khan F, Jeong GJ, Javaid A, Thuy Nguyen Pham D, Tabassum N, Kim YM. Surface adherence and vacuolar internalization of bacterial pathogens to the Candida spp. cells: Mechanism of persistence and propagation. J Adv Res 2023; 53:115-136. [PMID: 36572338 PMCID: PMC10658324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The co-existence of Candida albicans with the bacteria in the host tissues and organs displays interactions at competitive, antagonistic, and synergistic levels. Several pathogenic bacteria take advantage of such types of interaction for their survival and proliferation. The chemical interaction involves the signaling molecules produced by the bacteria or Candida spp., whereas the physical attachment occurs by involving the surface proteins of the bacteria and Candida. In addition, bacterial pathogens have emerged to internalize inside the C. albicans vacuole, which is one of the inherent properties of the endosymbiotic relationship between the bacteria and the eukaryotic host. AIM OF REVIEW The interaction occurring by the involvement of surface protein from diverse bacterial species with Candida species has been discussed in detail in this paper. An in silico molecular docking study was performed between the surface proteins of different bacterial species and Als3P of C. albicans to explain the molecular mechanism involved in the Als3P-dependent interaction. Furthermore, in order to understand the specificity of C. albicans interaction with Als3P, the evolutionary relatedness of several bacterial surface proteins has been investigated. Furthermore, the environmental factors that influence bacterial pathogen internalization into the Candida vacuole have been addressed. Moreover, the review presented future perspectives for disrupting the cross-kingdom interaction and eradicating the endosymbiotic bacterial pathogens. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW With the involvement of cross-kingdom interactions and endosymbiotic relationships, the bacterial pathogens escape from the environmental stresses and the antimicrobial activity of the host immune system. Thus, the study of interactions between Candida and bacterial pathogens is of high clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geum-Jae Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Aqib Javaid
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, India
| | - Dung Thuy Nguyen Pham
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Novy E, Esposito M, Birckener J, Germain A, Losser MR, Machouart MC, Guerci P. Reappraisal of intra-abdominal candidiasis: insights from peritoneal fluid analysis. Intensive Care Med Exp 2023; 11:67. [PMID: 37776390 PMCID: PMC10542081 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-023-00552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The understanding of high mortality associated with intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) remains limited. While Candida is considered a harmless colonizer in the digestive tract, its role as a true pathogen in IAC is still debated. Evidence regarding Candida virulence in the human peritoneal fluid are lacking. We hypothesized that during IAC, Candida albicans develops virulence factors to survive to new environmental conditions. The objective of this observational exploratory monocentric study is to investigate the influence of peritoneal fluid (PF) on the expression of C. albicans virulence using a multimodal approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS A standardized inoculum of a C. albicans (3.106 UFC/mL) reference strain (SC5314) was introduced in vitro into various PF samples obtained from critically ill patients with intra-abdominal infection. Ascitic fluids (AFs) and Sabouraud medium (SBD) were used as control groups. Optical microscopy and conventional culture techniques were employed to assess the morphological changes and growth of C. albicans. Reverse transcriptase qPCR was utilized to quantify the expression levels of five virulence genes. The metabolic production of C. albicans was measured using the calScreener™ technology. RESULTS A total of 26 PF samples from patients with secondary peritonitis were included in the study. Critically ill patients were mostly male (73%) with a median age of 58 years admitted for urgent surgery (78%). Peritonitis was mostly hospital-acquired (81%), including 13 post-operative peritonitis (50%). The infected PF samples predominantly exhibited polymicrobial composition. The findings revealed substantial variability in C. albicans growth and morphological changes in the PF compared to ascitic fluid. Virulence gene expression and metabolic production were dependent on the specific PF sample and the presence of bacterial coinfection. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of C. albicans virulence expression in the peritoneal fluid. The observed variability in virulence expression suggests that it is influenced by the composition of PF and the presence of bacterial coinfection. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the complex dynamics of intra-abdominal candidiasis and advocate for personalized approach for IAC patients. Trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (NCT05264571; February 22, 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Novy
- Service d'anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Péri-Opératoire, CHRU Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
- SIMPA, UR7300, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Mathieu Esposito
- Service d'anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Péri-Opératoire, CHRU Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
- SIMPA, UR7300, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Julien Birckener
- Service d'anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Péri-Opératoire, CHRU Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Adeline Germain
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, CHRU Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
- NGERE, U1256, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Marie-Reine Losser
- Service d'anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Péri-Opératoire, CHRU Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
- DCAC, INSERM 1116, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Marie-Claire Machouart
- SIMPA, UR7300, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
- Service de Mycologie et Parasitologie, CHRU Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Guerci
- Service d'anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Péri-Opératoire, CHRU Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
- DCAC, INSERM 1116, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
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13
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Pérez-Cobas AE, Rodríguez-Beltrán J, Baquero F, Coque TM. Ecology of the respiratory tract microbiome. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:972-984. [PMID: 37173205 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A thriving multi-kingdom microbial ecosystem inhabits the respiratory tract: the respiratory tract microbiome (RTM). In recent years, the contribution of the RTM to human health has become a crucial research aspect. However, research into the key ecological processes, such as robustness, resilience, and microbial interaction networks, has only recently started. This review leans on an ecological framework to interpret the human RTM and determine how the ecosystem functions and assembles. Specifically, the review illustrates the ecological RTM models and discusses microbiome establishment, community structure, diversity stability, and critical microbial interactions. Lastly, the review outlines the RTM responses to ecological disturbances, as well as the promising approaches for restoring ecological balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elena Pérez-Cobas
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; CIBER in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; CIBER in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Baquero
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa M Coque
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; CIBER in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Wu S, Song R, Liu T, Li C. Antifungal therapy: Novel drug delivery strategies driven by new targets. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114967. [PMID: 37336246 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
In patients with compromised immunity, invasive fungal infections represent a significant cause of mortality. Given the limited availability and drawbacks of existing first-line antifungal drugs, there is a growing interest in exploring novel targets that could facilitate the development of new antifungal agents or enhance the effectiveness of conventional ones. While previous studies have extensively summarized new antifungal targets inherent in fungi for drug development purposes, the exploration of potential targets for novel antifungal drug delivery strategies has received less attention. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advancements in new antifungal drug delivery strategies that leverage novel targets, including those located in the physio-pathological barrier at the site of infection, the infection microenvironment, fungal-host interactions, and the fungal pathogen itself. The objective is to enhance therapeutic efficacy and mitigate toxic effects in fungal infections, particularly in challenging cases such as refractory, recurrent, and drug-resistant invasive fungal infections. We also discuss the current challenges and future prospects associated with target-driven antifungal drug delivery strategies, offering important insights into the clinical implementation of these innovative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Ruiqi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Tongbao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China.
| | - Chong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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15
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Rebai Y, Wagner L, Gnaien M, Hammer ML, Kapitan M, Niemiec MJ, Mami W, Mosbah A, Messadi E, Mardassi H, Vylkova S, Jacobsen ID, Znaidi S. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Antagonizes Candida albicans Growth and Protects Intestinal Cells from C. albicans-Mediated Damage. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1929. [PMID: 37630490 PMCID: PMC10457924 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a pathobiont of the gastrointestinal tract. It can contribute to the diversity of the gut microbiome without causing harmful effects. When the immune system is compromised, C. albicans can damage intestinal cells and cause invasive disease. We hypothesize that a therapeutic approach against C. albicans infections can rely on the antimicrobial properties of probiotic bacteria. We investigated the impact of the probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) on C. albicans growth and its ability to cause damage to intestinal cells. In co-culture kinetic assays, C. albicans abundance gradually decreased over time compared with C. albicans abundance in the absence of EcN. Quantification of C. albicans survival suggests that EcN exerts a fungicidal activity. Cell-free supernatants (CFS) collected from C. albicans-EcN co-culture mildly altered C. albicans growth, suggesting the involvement of an EcN-released compound. Using a model of co-culture in the presence of human intestinal epithelial cells, we further show that EcN prevents C. albicans from damaging enterocytes both distantly and through direct contact. Consistently, both C. albicans's filamentous growth and microcolony formation were altered by EcN. Taken together, our study proposes that probiotic-strain EcN can be exploited for future therapeutic approaches against C. albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Rebai
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Vaccinologie et Développement Biotechnologique (LR16IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (Y.R.)
| | - Lysett Wagner
- Septomics Research Center, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mayssa Gnaien
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Vaccinologie et Développement Biotechnologique (LR16IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (Y.R.)
| | - Merle L. Hammer
- Septomics Research Center, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mario Kapitan
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Joanna Niemiec
- Septomics Research Center, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wael Mami
- Plateforme de Physiologie et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaires (P2C), Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LR20IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Amor Mosbah
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bio-Geo Resources Valorization (LR11ES31), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet (ISBST), University of Manouba, Tunis 2010, Tunisia
| | - Erij Messadi
- Plateforme de Physiologie et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaires (P2C), Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LR20IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Helmi Mardassi
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Vaccinologie et Développement Biotechnologique (LR16IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (Y.R.)
| | - Slavena Vylkova
- Septomics Research Center, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ilse D. Jacobsen
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sadri Znaidi
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Vaccinologie et Développement Biotechnologique (LR16IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (Y.R.)
- Institut Pasteur, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département Mycologie, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, 75015 Paris, France
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16
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Felix L, Whitely C, Tharmalingam N, Mishra B, Vera-Gonzalez N, Mylonakis E, Shukla A, Fuchs BB. Auranofin coated catheters inhibit bacterial and fungal biofilms in a murine subcutaneous model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1135942. [PMID: 37313344 PMCID: PMC10258325 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1135942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbe entry through catheter ports can lead to biofilm accumulation and complications from catheter-related bloodstream infection and ultimately require antimicrobial treatment and catheter replacement. Although strides have been made with microbial prevention by applying standardized antiseptic techniques during catheter implantation, both bacterial and fungal microbes can present health risks to already sick individuals. To reduce microbial adhesion, murine and human catheters were coated with polyurethane and auranofin using a dip coating method and compared to non-coated materials. Upon passage of fluid through the coated material in vitro, flow dynamics were not impacted. The unique antimicrobial properties of the coating material auranofin has shown inhibitory activity against bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and fungi such as Candida albicans. Auranofin coating on catheters at 10mg/mL reduced C. albicans accumulation in vitro from 2.0 x 108 to 7.8 x 105 CFU for mouse catheters and from 1.6 x 107 to 2.8 x 106 for human catheters, showing an impact to mature biofilms. Assessment of a dual microbe biofilm on auranofin-coated catheters resulted in a 2-log reduction in S. aureus and a 3-log reduction in C. albicans compared to uncoated catheters. In vivo assessment in a murine subcutaneous model demonstrated that catheters coated with 10 mg/mL auranofin reduced independent S. aureus and C. albicans accumulation by 4-log and 1-log, respectively, compared to non-coated catheters. In conclusion, the auranofin-coated catheters demonstrate proficiency at inhibiting multiple pathogens by decreasing S. aureus and C. albicans biofilm accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- LewisOscar Felix
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, The Miriam Hospital, Alpert Medical School and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Cutler Whitely
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Nagendran Tharmalingam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, The Miriam Hospital, Alpert Medical School and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Biswajit Mishra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, The Miriam Hospital, Alpert Medical School and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Noel Vera-Gonzalez
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, The Miriam Hospital, Alpert Medical School and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Anita Shukla
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Beth Burgwyn Fuchs
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, The Miriam Hospital, Alpert Medical School and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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17
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Hemmingsen LM, Panzacchi V, Kangu LM, Giordani B, Luppi B, Škalko-Basnet N. Lecithin and Chitosan as Building Blocks in Anti- Candida Clotrimazole Nanoparticles. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:790. [PMID: 37375738 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The main focus when considering treatment of non-healing and infected wounds is tied to the microbial, particularly bacterial, burden within the wound bed. However, as fungal contributions in these microbial communities become more recognized, the focus needs to be broadened, and the remaining participants in the complex wound microbiome need to be addressed in the development of new treatment strategies. In this study, lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles loaded with clotrimazole were tailored to eradicate one of the most abundant fungi in the wound environment, namely C. albicans. Moreover, this investigation was extended to the building blocks and their organization within the delivery system. In the evaluation of the novel nanoparticles, their compatibility with keratinocytes was confirmed. Furthermore, these biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic carriers comprising clotrimazole (~189 nm, 24 mV) were evaluated for their antifungal activity through both disk diffusion and microdilution methods. It was found that the activity of clotrimazole was fully preserved upon its incorporation into this smart delivery system. These results indicate both that the novel carriers for clotrimazole could serve as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of fungi-infected wounds and that the building blocks and their organization affect the performance of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Myrseth Hemmingsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Virginia Panzacchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lloyd Mbugua Kangu
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Barbara Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Luppi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nataša Škalko-Basnet
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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18
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Abstract
The microbiome may impact cancer development, progression and treatment responsiveness, but its fungal components remain insufficiently studied in this context. In this review, we highlight accumulating evidence suggesting a possible involvement of commensal and pathogenic fungi in modulation of cancer-related processes. We discuss the mechanisms by which fungi can influence tumour biology, locally by activity exerted within the tumour microenvironment, or remotely through secretion of bioactive metabolites, modulation of host immunity and communications with neighbouring bacterial commensals. We examine prospects of utilising fungi-related molecular signatures in cancer diagnosis, patient stratification and assessment of treatment responsiveness, while highlighting challenges and limitations faced in performing such research. In all, we demonstrate that fungi likely constitute important members of mucosal and tumour-residing microbiomes. Exploration of fungal inter-kingdom interactions with the bacterial microbiome and the host and decoding of their causal impacts on tumour biology may enable their harnessing into cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Saftien
- Microbiome and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Puschhof
- Microbiome and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eran Elinav
- Microbiome and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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19
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MacAlpine J, Robbins N, Cowen LE. Bacterial-fungal interactions and their impact on microbial pathogenesis. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:2565-2581. [PMID: 35231147 PMCID: PMC11032213 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Microbial communities of the human microbiota exhibit diverse effects on human health and disease. Microbial homeostasis is important for normal physiological functions and changes to the microbiota are associated with many human diseases including diabetes, cancer, and colitis. In addition, there are many microorganisms that are either commensal or acquired from environmental reservoirs that can cause diverse pathologies. Importantly, the balance between health and disease is intricately connected to how members of the microbiota interact and affect one another's growth and pathogenicity. However, the mechanisms that govern these interactions are only beginning to be understood. In this review, we outline bacterial-fungal interactions in the human body, including examining the mechanisms by which bacteria govern fungal growth and virulence, as well as how fungi regulate bacterial pathogenesis. We summarize advances in the understanding of chemical, physical, and protein-based interactions, and their role in exacerbating or impeding human disease. We focus on the three fungal species responsible for the majority of systemic fungal infections in humans: Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus. We conclude by summarizing recent studies that have mined microbes for novel antimicrobials and antivirulence factors, highlighting the potential of the human microbiota as a rich resource for small molecule discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie MacAlpine
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Nicole Robbins
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Leah E. Cowen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
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20
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Yue R, Chen H, Xu X, Xia Y, Sun Y, Xia M, Xia D, Sun B. Maternal and infantile gut mycobiome during the weaning period in free ranging Tibetan macaques ( Macaca thibetana). Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10108. [PMID: 37214608 PMCID: PMC10196218 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome is critical to the health of mammals. Many previous studies have revealed the gut bacterial microbiomes of mother and infant changed significantly during the weaning period. However, little is known concerning the gut mycobiome of wild primates. Here, we examined the variations on gut mycobiome between weaning and post-weaning for both mother and infant in wild-living Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana). Our results showed that the gut mycobiomes of mother and infant were dominated by two phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. For both mother and infant, the ASV richness of gut mycobiome remained relatively steady from weaning to post-weaning periods, while the Shannon indexes increased significant in weaning compared to post-weaning periods. However, no significant difference between mother and infant ASV richness and Shannon indexes during weaning and post-weaning periods respectively. Compared to mothers, we found that much more known taxa of gut fungi were enriched in weaning or post-weaning periods of infants. In particular, we found that the dominant genus Aspergillus was enriched in infants during weaning period. Furthermore, we found that the relative abundance of plant pathogens were significantly higher in the post-weaning period than in the weaning period for infants. Our results indicated that weaning events could affect the gut mycobiome significantly for both mothers and infant in Tibetan macaques, which had a stronger effect on the gut mycobiome of infant monkeys than on their mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Yue
- School of Resource and Environmental EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral EcologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Huijuan Chen
- School of Resource and Environmental EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral EcologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- School of Life SciencesHefei Normal UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yingna Xia
- School of Resource and Environmental EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral EcologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Resource and Environmental EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral EcologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Mengyi Xia
- School of Resource and Environmental EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral EcologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Dongpo Xia
- School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Binghua Sun
- School of Resource and Environmental EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral EcologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
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21
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Spatz M, Da Costa G, Ventin-Holmberg R, Planchais J, Michaudel C, Wang Y, Danne C, Lapiere A, Michel ML, Kolho KL, Langella P, Sokol H, Richard ML. Antibiotic treatment using amoxicillin-clavulanic acid impairs gut mycobiota development through modification of the bacterial ecosystem. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:73. [PMID: 37032359 PMCID: PMC10084673 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of antibiotics on gut bacteria have been widely studied, but very little is known about the consequences of such treatments on the fungal microbiota (mycobiota). It is commonly believed that fungal load increases in the gastrointestinal tract following antibiotic treatment, but better characterization is clearly needed of how antibiotics directly or indirectly affect the mycobiota and thus the entire microbiota. DESIGN We used samples from humans (infant cohort) and mice (conventional and human microbiota-associated mice) to study the consequences of antibiotic treatment (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid) on the intestinal microbiota. Bacterial and fungal communities were subjected to qPCR or 16S and ITS2 amplicon-based sequencing for microbiota analysis. In vitro assays further characterized bacterial-fungal interactions, with mixed cultures between specific bacteria and fungi. RESULTS Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid treatment triggered a decrease in the total fungal population in mouse feces, while other antibiotics had opposite effects on the fungal load. This decrease is accompanied by a total remodelling of the fungal population with the enrichment in Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Valsa genera. In the presence of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, microbiota analysis showed a remodeling of bacterial microbiota with an increase in specific bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae. Using in vitro assays, we isolated different Enterobacteriaceae species and explored their effect on different fungal strains. We showed that Enterobacter hormaechei was able to reduce the fungal population in vitro and in vivo through yet unknown mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Bacteria and fungi have strong interactions within the microbiota; hence, the perturbation initiated by an antibiotic treatment targeting the bacterial community can have complex consequences and can induce opposite alterations of the mycobiota. Interestingly, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid treatment has a deleterious effect on the fungal community, which may have been partially due to the overgrowth of specific bacterial strains with inhibiting or competing effects on fungi. This study provides new insights into the interactions between fungi and bacteria of the intestinal microbiota and might offer new strategies to modulate gut microbiota equilibrium. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Spatz
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France.
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France.
| | - Gregory Da Costa
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Rebecka Ventin-Holmberg
- Faculty of Medicine, Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00250, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julien Planchais
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Chloé Michaudel
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Camille Danne
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Alexia Lapiere
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Marie-Laure Michel
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Faculty of Medicine, Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Philippe Langella
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France
- Gastroenterology Department, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Saint Antoine Hospital, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Mathias L Richard
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France.
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France.
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22
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Gowen R, Gamal A, Di Martino L, McCormick TS, Ghannoum MA. Modulating the Microbiome for Crohn's Disease Treatment. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:828-840. [PMID: 36702360 PMCID: PMC10152883 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The central role of the gut microbiota in the regulation of health and disease has been convincingly demonstrated. Polymicrobial interkingdom interactions between bacterial (the bacteriome) and fungal (the mycobiome) communities of the gut have become a prominent focus for development of potential therapeutic approaches. In addition to polymicrobial interactions, the complex gut ecosystem also mediates interactions between the host and the microbiota. These interactions are complex and bidirectional; microbiota composition can be influenced by host immune response, disease-specific therapeutics, antimicrobial drugs, and overall ecosystems. However, the gut microbiota also influences host immune response to a drug or therapy by potentially transforming the drug's structure and altering bioavailability, activity, or toxicity. This is especially true in cases where the gut microbiota has produced a biofilm. The negative ramifications of biofilm formation include alteration of gut permeability, enhanced antimicrobial resistance, and alteration of host immune response effectiveness. Natural modulation of the gut microbiota, using probiotic and prebiotic approaches, may also be used to affect the host microbiome, a type of "natural" modulation of the host microbiota composition. In this review, we discuss potential bidirectional interactions between microbes and host, and we describe the changes in gut microbiota induced by probiotic and prebiotic approaches as well as their potential clinical consequences, including biofilm formation. We outline a systematic approach to designing probiotics capable of altering the host microbiota in disease states, using Crohn's disease as a model chronic disease. Understanding how the effective changes in the microbiome may enhance treatment efficacy may unlock the possibility of modulating the gut microbiome to improve treatment using a natural approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Gowen
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ahmed Gamal
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Luca Di Martino
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Case Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio
| | - Thomas S McCormick
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mahmoud A Ghannoum
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
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23
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Pezzini MF, Rampelotto PH, Dall'Agnol J, Guerreiro GTS, Longo L, Suarez Uribe ND, Lange EC, Álvares-da-Silva MR, Joveleviths D. Changes in the gut microbiota of rats after exposure to the fungicide Mancozeb. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 466:116480. [PMID: 36963522 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Mancozeb is a fungicide commonly used in pest control programs, especially to protect vineyards. Its toxicity has already been evidenced in several studies. However, its influence on the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota remains unknown. In this work, the adverse impact of Mancozeb on the intestinal microbiota was investigated using a rodent model. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: Control (standard diet), MZ1 (Mancozeb dose: 250 mg/kg bw/day), and MZ2 (Mancozeb dose: 500 mg/kg bw/day). After 12 weeks of experiment, animals were euthanized, and feces present in the intestine were collected. After fecal DNA extraction, the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified followed by sequencing in an Ion S5™ System. Alpha and beta diversity analysis showed significant differences between Control and Mancozeb groups (MZ1 e MZ2), but no difference between MZ1 and MZ2 was observed. Seven genera significantly increased in abundance following Mancozeb exposure, while five genera decreased. Co-occurrence analyses revealed that the topological properties of the microbial networks, which can be used to infer co-occurrence interaction patterns among microorganisms, were significantly lower in both groups exposed to Mancozeb when compared to Control. In addition, 23 differentially abundant microbial metabolic pathways were identified in Mancozeb-treated groups mainly related to a change in energy metabolism, LPS biosynthesis, and nucleotide biosynthesis. In conclusion, the exposure to Mancozeb presented side effects by changing the composition of the microbiota in rats, increasing bacterial diversity regardless of the dose used, reducing the interaction patterns of the microbial communities, and changing microbial metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ferri Pezzini
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pabulo Henrique Rampelotto
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Dall'Agnol
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Tayguara Silveira Guerreiro
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larisse Longo
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nelson D Suarez Uribe
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elisa Carolina Lange
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mário Reis Álvares-da-Silva
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Dvora Joveleviths
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-007, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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24
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Luu GT, Little JC, Pierce EC, Morin M, Ertekin CA, Wolfe BE, Baars O, Dutton RJ, Sanchez LM. Metabolomics of bacterial-fungal pairwise interactions reveal conserved molecular mechanisms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.13.532449. [PMID: 36993360 PMCID: PMC10054941 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.13.532449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial-fungal interactions (BFIs) can shape the structure of microbial communities, but the small molecules mediating these BFIs are often understudied. We explored various optimization steps for our microbial culture and chemical extraction protocols for bacterial-fungal co-cultures, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed that metabolomic profiles are mainly comprised of fungi derived features, indicating that fungi are the key contributors to small molecule mediated BFIs. LC-inductively coupled plasma MS (LC-ICP-MS) and MS/MS based dereplication using database searching revealed the presence of several known fungal specialized metabolites and structurally related analogues in these extracts, including siderophores such as desferrichrome, desferricoprogen, and palmitoylcoprogen. Among these analogues, a novel putative coprogen analogue possessing a terminal carboxylic acid motif was identified from Scopulariopsis spp. JB370, a common cheese rind fungus, and its structure was elucidated via MS/MS fragmentation. Based on these findings, filamentous fungal species appear to be capable of producing multiple siderophores with potentially different biological roles (i.e. various affinities for different forms of iron). These findings highlight that fungal species are important contributors to microbiomes via their production of abundant specialized metabolites and their role in complex communities should continue to be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon T. Luu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064
| | - Jessica C. Little
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612
| | - Emily C. Pierce
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093
| | - Manon Morin
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093
| | - Celine A. Ertekin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064
| | - Benjamin E. Wolfe
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155
- Tufts University Sensory and Science Center, Medford Massachusetts, 02155
| | - Oliver Baars
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607
| | - Rachel J. Dutton
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093
| | - Laura M. Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064
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25
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Impact of diet and host genetics on the murine intestinal mycobiome. Nat Commun 2023; 14:834. [PMID: 36788222 PMCID: PMC9929102 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian gut is home to a diverse microbial ecosystem, whose composition affects various physiological traits of the host. Next-generation sequencing-based metagenomic approaches demonstrated how the interplay of host genetics, bacteria, and environmental factors shape complex traits and clinical outcomes. However, the role of fungi in these complex interactions remains understudied. Here, using 228 males and 363 females from an advanced-intercross mouse line, we provide evidence that fungi are regulated by host genetics. In addition, we map quantitative trait loci associated with various fungal species to single genes in mice using whole genome sequencing and genotyping. Moreover, we show that diet and its' interaction with host genetics alter the composition of fungi in outbred mice, and identify fungal indicator species associated with different dietary regimes. Collectively, in this work, we uncover an association of the intestinal fungal community with host genetics and a regulatory role of diet in this ecological niche.
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26
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Inhibition of Polymicrobial Biofilms of Candida albicans- Staphylococcus aureus/ Streptococcus mutans by Fucoidan-Gold Nanoparticles. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020123. [PMID: 36827164 PMCID: PMC9965608 DOI: 10.3390/md21020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymicrobial proliferation and development of complex biofilm morphologies by bacterial and fungal pathogens in the host are some of the key factors contributing to the failure of antimicrobial treatments. The polymicrobial interaction of Candida albicans and some bacterial species has been extensively studied in both in vitro and in vivo model systems. Alternative strategies for disrupting polymicrobial interaction and biofilm formation are constantly needed. Among several alternative strategies, the use of nanoparticles synthesized using a natural product in the treatment of microbial infection has been considered a promising approach. The current study aimed to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using a natural product, fucoidan, and to test their efficacy against mono and duo combinations of fungal (Candida albicans) and bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus/Streptococcus mutans) biofilms. Several methods were used to characterize and study Fu-AuNPs, including UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, FTIR, FE-TEM, EDS, DLS, zeta potential, and XRD. The concentration-dependent inhibition of early-stage biofilms and the eradication of mature biofilms of single species of C. albicans, S. aureus, and S. mutans have been observed. Early biofilms of a dual-species combination of C. albicans and S. aureus/S. mutans were also suppressed at an increasing concentration of Fu-AuNPs. Furthermore, Fu-AuNPs significantly eradicated the established mature biofilm of mixed species. The treatment method proposed in this study, which involves the use of marine-bioinspired nanoparticles, is a promising and biocompatible agent for preventing the growth of polymicrobial biofilms of bacterial and fungal pathogens.
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27
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Yu G, Liu G, Liu T, Fink EH, Esker AR. Activities of Family 18 Chitinases on Amorphous Regenerated Chitin Thin Films and Dissolved Chitin Oligosaccharides: Comparison with Family 19 Chitinases. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:566-575. [PMID: 36715568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Changes in mass and viscoelasticity of chitin layers in fungal cell walls during chitinase attack are vital for understanding bacterial invasion of and human defense against fungi. In this work, regenerated chitin (RChitin) thin films mimicked the fungal chitin layers and facilitated studies of degradation by family 18 chitinases from Trichoderma viride (T. viride) and family 19 chitinases from Streptomyces griseus (S. griseus) that possessed chitin-binding domains (CBDs) that were absent in the family 18 chitinases. Degradation was monitored via a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) in real time at various pH and temperatures. Compared to substrates of colloidal chitin or dissolved chitin derivatives and analogues, the degradation of RChitin films was deeply affected by chitinase adsorption. While the family 18 chitinases had greater solution activity on chitin oligosaccharides, the family 19 chitinases exhibited greater surface activity on RChitin films, illustrating the importance of CBDs for insoluble substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia24061, United States
| | - Gehui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia24061, United States
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia24061, United States
| | - Ethan H Fink
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia24061, United States
| | - Alan R Esker
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia24061, United States.,Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia24061, United States
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28
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Ruchti F, LeibundGut-Landmann S. New insights into immunity to skin fungi shape our understanding of health and disease. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e12948. [PMID: 36047038 PMCID: PMC10078452 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fungi represent an integral part of the skin microbiota. Their complex interaction network with the host shapes protective immunity during homeostasis. If host defences are breached, skin-resident fungi including Malassezia and Candida, and environmental fungi such as dermatophytes can cause cutaneous infections. In addition, fungi are associated with diverse non-infectious skin disorders. Despite their multiple roles in health and disease, fungi remain elusive and understudied, and the mechanisms underlying the emergence of pathological conditions linked to fungi are largely unclear. The identification of IL-17 as an important antifungal effector mechanism represents a milestone for understanding homeostatic antifungal immunity. At the same time, host-adverse, disease-promoting roles of IL-17 have been delineated, as in psoriasis. Fungal dysbiosis represents another feature of many pathological skin conditions with an unknown causal link of intra- and interkingdom interactions to disease pathogenesis. The emergence of new fungal pathogens such as Candida auris highlights the need for more research into fungal immunology to understand how antifungal responses shape health and diseases. Recent technological advances for genetically manipulating fungi to target immunomodulatory fungal determinants, multi-omics approaches for studying immune cells in the human skin, and novel experimental models open up a promising future for skin fungal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Ruchti
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Pang C, Chen J, Liu S, Cao Y, Miao H. In vitro antifungal activity of Shikonin against Candida albicans by inducing cellular apoptosis and necrosis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1079-1087. [PMID: 36385666 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies showed that Shikonin (SK) had a strong anti-Candida albican (C. albicans) activity, especially against some fluconazole-resistant strains, which is probably due to the oxidative damage of SK to C. albicans. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we expanded the antifungal spectrum and evaluate the toxicity of SK. The results indicated that SK also exhibited potent invitro antifungal activities against other pathogenic fungi such as other Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, and Dermatophytes, but did not display apparent toxicity to the mammalian cells, suggesting that SK is safe to be a potential antifungal drug. Furtherly, we analyze the exact mechanism of SK against C. albicans. We found that SK could induce a series of apoptosis characteristics, including phosphatidylserine externalization, chromatin condensation and fragmentation, decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity as well as caspase activation. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study highlighted the antifungal activity and mechanism of SK against C. albicans, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for C. albicans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Pang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Jianshuang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Shuangyan Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Yingying Cao
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hao Miao
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China.
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Fungal Aeroallergen Sensitization Patterns among Airway-Allergic Patients in Zagazig, Egypt. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020185. [PMID: 36836300 PMCID: PMC9961027 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway allergies such as asthma and allergic rhinitis, as well as their comorbidities, are increasing worldwide, causing significant socioeconomic health burdens to societies. It is estimated that between 3% and 10% of the population is allergic to fungi. The type of fungal sensitization varies from one geographical region to another. The present study aimed to identify the common fungal aeroallergen sensitization patterns among airway-allergic patients residing in the Zagazig locality, Egypt, in order to obtain a better understanding of fungal allergy, in addition to improving the awareness and management strategies for those patients. METHODS The present cross-sectional study included 200 allergic rhinitis and asthma patients. Sensitization to fungal aeroallergens was evaluated by skin prick testing and in vitro measurement of total and specific immunoglobulin E. RESULTS As determined by a skin prick test, 58% of the patients studied were allergic to mixed molds. Alternaria alternata was the predominant fungal aeroallergen among the studied patients (72.2%), which was followed by Aspergillus fumigatus (53.45%), Penicillium notatum (52.6%), Candida albicans (34.5%), and Aspergillus niger (25%). CONCLUSION Mixed mold sensitization ranked fourth among the most frequent aeroallergens in airway-allergic patients, and Alternaria alternata was the most frequently encountered fungal aeroallergen in the Zagazig locality.
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Fungal-Bacterial Interactions in the Human Gut of Healthy Individuals. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020139. [PMID: 36836254 PMCID: PMC9965947 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Most studies of the microbiota in the human gut focus on the bacterial part, but increasing information shows that intestinal fungi are also important for maintaining health. This can be either by directly influencing the host or by indirectly influencing the gut bacteria that link to host health. Studies of fungal communities in large cohorts are scarce; therefore, this study aims at obtaining more insight into the mycobiome of healthy individuals and how this mycobiome interacts with the bacterial component of the microbiome. For this purpose, ITS2 and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed on fecal samples from 163 individuals which were available from two separate studies to analyze the fungal and bacterial microbiome, respectively, as well as the cross-kingdom interactions. The results showed a much lower fungal, as compared to bacterial, diversity. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal phyla across all the samples, but levels varied enormously between individuals. The ten most abundant fungal genera were Saccharomyces, Candida, Dipodascus, Aureobasidium, Penicillium, Hanseniaspora, Agaricus, Debaryomyces, Aspergillus, and Pichia, and here also extensive inter-individual variation was observed. Correlations were made between bacteria and fungi, and only positive correlations were observed. One of the correlations was between Malassezia restricta and the genus Bacteroides, which have both been previously described as alleviated in IBD. Most of the other correlations found were with fungi that are not known as gut colonizers but originate from food and the environment. To further investigate the importance of the observed correlations found, more research is needed to discriminate between gut colonizers and transient species.
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Xiao J, Zeng Y, Rustchenko E, Huang X, Wu TT, Falsetta ML. Dual transcriptome of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans interplay in biofilms. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2144047. [PMID: 36389056 PMCID: PMC9662060 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2144047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the interactions between Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans during cariogenic biofilm formation. Methods The S. mutans and C. albicans duo-species biofilms were formed in 1% sucrose to mimic the high caries risk challenges. The biofilm structure was assessed using two-photon laser confocal microscopy. The transcriptome of 48h-biofilms was assessed by RNA-Seq. The expression of S. mutans and C. albicans virulence genes was examined via real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results The morphogenesis of C. albicans-S. mutans duo-species biofilms was significantly altered when comparing to S. mutans or C. albicans single-species biofilm. Duo-species biofilms exhibited unique expression profile with a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including a higher expression of S. mutans atpD (acid-adaptive), C. albicans CHT2 (fungal cell wall chitin remodeling), and C. albicans SOD3 (cytotoxic oxygen radical destroying) (p < 0.05). KEGG pathway analyses further revealed that the majority of the up-regulated DEGs are related to microbial metabolism. Furthermore, the expressions of S. mutans and C. albicans key virulence genes (gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, ECE1, HWP1, ERG4, CHT2) were associated with sugar availability-related and time-related dynamics. Conclusion Cross-kingdom interactions impact S. mutans-C. albicans biofilm formations and dynamic expressions of virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xiao
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yan Zeng
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Elena Rustchenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xinyan Huang
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tong Tong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Megan L. Falsetta
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Mycobiome profiling of nasopharyngeal region of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105059. [PMID: 36241143 PMCID: PMC9553963 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present cross-sectional study aims to understand the fungal community composition of the nasopharyngeal region of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and how the infection influences the mycobiome therein. The infection significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the alpha diversity. Interestingly, a higher abundance of Cladosporium and Alternaria was noted in the infected individuals and inter-individual variation in mycobiome composition was well supported by beta dispersion analysis (p < 0.05). Moreover, decrease in Aspergillus abundance was observed in infected patients across the four age groups. This study provides insight into the alteration in mycobiome during the viral disease progression and demands continuous investigation to monitor fungal infections.
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Grima P, Urciuoli C, Simone G, Palazzo AG, Nuzzo M, Quarta M, Carraturo I, Maci AM, Marinaci S, Portaccio G, Guido M, Zizza A, Romano A. Fatal Listeria monocytogenes septicemia and meningitis complicated by Candida glabrata fungemia: a case report. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:2119-2121. [PMID: 36053118 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2120689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacteria and etiological agent of listeriosis. It has the ability to colonize the intestinal lumen and cross the intestinal, blood-brain, and placental barriers, leading to invasive listeriosis responsible for septicemia and meningitis in subjects at risk such as patients with diabetes mellitus, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals and, for maternal-neonatal infection in pregnant women. We report a rare case of L. monocytogenes septicemia and meningitis complicated by Candida glabrata fungemia on a patient with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hypertension, chronic kidney failure, chronic ischemic vascular encephalopathy, and atrial fibrillation. Although adequate therapy was rapidly started with an initial partial clinical improvement, the patient suddenly experienced clinical worsening concomitantly with Candida septicemia resulting in a fatal outcome. To our knowledge, this is the first described case of an invasive L. monocytogenes infection complicated by Candida sepsis. We hypothesize that concomitant Candida infection may play a significant role in the pathogenesis and virulence of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caterina Urciuoli
- Operative Unit of Infectious Diseases, "V. Fazzi" Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Simone
- Operative Unit of Infectious Diseases, "V. Fazzi" Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Milva Nuzzo
- Operative Unit of Infectious Diseases, "V. Fazzi" Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maurizio Quarta
- Operative Unit of Infectious Diseases, "V. Fazzi" Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Anna Maria Maci
- Operative Unit of Infectious Diseases, "V. Fazzi" Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Salvatore Marinaci
- Operative Unit of Infectious Diseases, "V. Fazzi" Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Gerolamo Portaccio
- Operative Unit of Infectious Diseases, "V. Fazzi" Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marcello Guido
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella Zizza
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Lecce, Italy
| | - Anacleto Romano
- Operative Unit of Infectious Diseases, "V. Fazzi" Hospital, Lecce, Italy
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Zhang F, Aschenbrenner D, Yoo JY, Zuo T. The gut mycobiome in health, disease, and clinical applications in association with the gut bacterial microbiome assembly. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2022; 3:e969-e983. [PMID: 36182668 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut mycobiome (fungi) is a small but crucial component of the gut microbiome in humans. Intestinal fungi regulate host homoeostasis, pathophysiological and physiological processes, and the assembly of the co-residing gut bacterial microbiome. Over the past decade, accumulating studies have characterised the gut mycobiome in health and several pathological conditions. We review the compositional and functional diversity of the gut mycobiome in healthy populations from birth to adulthood. We describe factors influencing the gut mycobiome and the roles of intestinal fungi-especially Candida and Saccharomyces spp-in diseases and therapies with a particular focus on their synergism with the gut bacterial microbiome and host immunity. Finally, we discuss the underappreciated effects of gut fungi in clinical implications, and highlight future microbiome-based therapies that harness the tripartite relationship among the gut mycobiome, bacterial microbiome, and host immunity, aiming to restore a core gut mycobiome and microbiome and to improve clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dominik Aschenbrenner
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ji Youn Yoo
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tao Zuo
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yatsen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory Animals Centre, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, China.
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36
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Hammond M, Gamal A, Mukherjee PK, Damiani G, McCormick TS, Ghannoum MA, Nedorost S. Cutaneous dysbiosis may amplify barrier dysfunction in patients with atopic dermatitis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:944365. [PMID: 36452925 PMCID: PMC9701744 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.944365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with cutaneous dysbiosis, barrier defects, and immune dysregulation, but the interplay between these factors needs further study. Early-onset barrier dysfunction may facilitate an innate immune response to commensal organisms and, consequently, the development of allergic sensitization. We aimed to compare the cutaneous microbiome in patients with active dermatitis with and without a history of childhood flexural dermatitis (atopic dermatitis). Next-gen Ion-Torrent deep-sequencing identified AD-associated changes in the skin bacterial microbiome ("bacteriome") and fungal microbiome ("mycobiome") of affected skin in swabs from areas of skin affected by dermatitis. Data were analyzed for diversity, abundance, and inter-kingdom correlations. Microbial interactions were assessed in biofilms using metabolic activity (XTT) assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while host-pathogen interactions were determined in cultured primary keratinocytes exposed to biofilms. Increased richness and abundance of Staphylococcus, Lactococcus, and Alternaria were found in atopics. Staphylococcus and Alternaria formed robust mixed-species biofilms (based on XTT and SEM) that were resistant to antifungals/antimicrobials. Furthermore, their biofilm supernatant was capable of influencing keratinocytes biology (pro-inflammatory cytokines and structural proteins), suggesting an additive effect on AD-associated host response. In conclusion, microbial inter-kingdom and host-microbiome interactions may play a critical role in the modulation of atopic dermatitis to a greater extent than in non-atopic adults with allergic contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Hammond
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ahmed Gamal
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Pranab K. Mukherjee
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Giovanni Damiani
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Clinical Dermatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, PhD Degree Program in Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Thomas S. McCormick
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mahmoud A. Ghannoum
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Susan Nedorost
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Pham LHP, Colon-Ascanio M, Ou J, Ly K, Hu P, Choy JS, Luo X. Probing mutual interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans in a biofabricated membrane-based microfluidic platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4349-4358. [PMID: 36239125 PMCID: PMC9756269 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00728b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbes are typically found in multi-species (polymicrobial) communities. Cooperative and competitive interactions between species, mediated by diffusible factors and physical contact, leads to highly dynamic communities that undergo changes in composition diversity and size. Infections can be more severe or more difficult to treat when caused by multiple species. Interactions between species can improve the ability of one or more species to tolerate anti-microbial treatments and host defenses. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa), a ubiquitous bacterium, and the opportunistic pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans (Ca), are frequently found together in cystic fibrosis lung infections and wound infections. While significant progress has been made in determining interactions between Pa and Ca, there are still important questions that remain unanswered. Here, we probe the mutual interactions between Pa and Ca in a custom-made microfluidic device using biopolymer chitosan membranes that support cross-species communication. By assembling microbes in physically separated, chemically communicating populations or bringing into direct interactions in a mixed culture, in situ polymicrobial growth and biofilm morphology were qualitatively characterized and quantified. Our work reveals new dynamic details of their mutual interactions including cooperation, competition, invasion, and biofilm formation. The membrane-based microfluidic platform can be further developed to understand the polymicrobial interactions within a controlled interactive microenvironment to improve microbial infection prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Hoang Phu Pham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
| | - Mariliz Colon-Ascanio
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
| | - Jin Ou
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
| | - Khanh Ly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Piao Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
| | - John S Choy
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
| | - Xiaolong Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
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Girija AS, Ganesh PS. Functional biomes beyond the bacteriome in the oral ecosystem. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2022; 58:217-226. [PMID: 35814739 PMCID: PMC9260289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective constraint and pressures upon the host tissues often signifies a beneficial microbiome in any species. In the context of oral microbiome this displays a healthy microbial cosmos resisting the colonization and helps in rendering protection. This review highlights the endeavors of the oral microbiome beyond the bacteriome encompassing virome, mycobiome, protozoa and archaeomes in maintaining the oral homeostasis in health and disease. Scientific data based on the peer-reviewed publications on the microbial communities of the oral microbiome were selected and collated from the scientific database collection sites of web of science (WOS), pubmed central, Inspec etc., from 2010 to 2021 using the search key words like oral microbiome, oral microbiota, oral virome, oral bacteriome, oral mycobiome and oral archaeome. Data excluded were from conference proceedings, abstracts and book chapters. The oral homeostasis in both the health and disease conditions, mostly is balanced by the unrevealed virome, mycobiome, oral protozoa and archaeome. The review documents the need to comprehend the diversity that prevails among the kingdoms in order to determine the specific role played by each domain. Oral microbiome is also a novel research arena to develop drug and targeted therapies to treat various oro-dental infections.
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Wang Y, Bian Z, Wang Y. Biofilm formation and inhibition mediated by bacterial quorum sensing. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6365-6381. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Potential of Bouea macrophylla kernel extract as an intracanal medicament against mixed-species bacterial-fungal biofilm. An in vitro and ex vivo study. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 143:105539. [PMID: 36148767 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antimicrobial activity of B. macrophylla kernel extract against mixed-species biofilms of E. faecalis, S. gordonii and C. albicans in vitro. To evaluate the efficacy of the extract as an intracanal medicament compared with Ca(OH)2 and chlorhexidine in ex vivo tooth model. METHODS The antibiofilm effect of B. macrophylla kernel extract was determined by AlamarBlue™ assay and the effect on biofilms was visualized by LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ viability test. Mixed-species biofilms were incubated into the tooth model (N = 42) for 21 days. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 medicament groups for 7 days: (i) normal saline, (ii) calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), (iii) chlorhexidine gel, (iv) B. macrophylla kernel extract. Dentine samples were collected, qPCR with PMA was used to quantify the viability and species composition of each sample. SEM was used to visualize the effect of medicament on biofilm structure. RESULTS The MBIC was 6.25 mg/mL and the MBEC was 50 mg/mL. The integrity of microbial cells was progressively compromised as concentration increased, resulting in greater cell death. Ex vivo tooth model revealed that biofilm treated with 50 mg/mL of the B. macrophylla extract demonstrated a significantly higher proportions of dead cells than in Ca(OH)2, chlorhexidine and normal saline groups (p < 0.01). Disruption of biofilm structure and enlargement of dentinal tubules was observed in B. macrophylla group on SEM. CONCLUSION The extract of B. macrophylla kernel exhibited significant antibiofilm effect against the mixed-species biofilms of E. faecalis, S. gordonii and C. albicans.
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Costa PDS, Prado A, Bagon NP, Negri M, Svidzinski TIE. Mixed Fungal Biofilms: From Mycobiota to Devices, a New Challenge on Clinical Practice. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091721. [PMID: 36144323 PMCID: PMC9506030 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most current protocols for the diagnosis of fungal infections are based on culture-dependent methods that allow the evaluation of fungal morphology and the identification of the etiologic agent of mycosis. Most current protocols for the diagnosis of fungal infections are based on culture-dependent methods that enable the examination of the fungi for further identification of the etiological agent of the mycosis. The isolation of fungi from pure cultures is typically recommended, as when more than one species is identified, the second agent is considered a contaminant. Fungi mostly survive in highly organized communities that provoke changes in phenotypic profile, increase resistance to antifungals and environmental stresses, and facilitate evasion from the immune system. Mixed fungal biofilms (MFB) harbor more than one fungal species, wherein exchange can occur that potentialize the effects of these virulence factors. However, little is known about MFB and their role in infectious processes, particularly in terms of how each species may synergistically contribute to the pathogenesis. Here, we review fungi present in MFB that are commensals of the human body, forming the mycobiota, and how their participation in MFB affects the maintenance of homeostasis. In addition, we discuss how MFB are formed on both biotic and abiotic surfaces, thus being a significant reservoir of microorganisms that have already been associated in infectious processes of high morbidity and mortality.
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Phuengmaung P, Mekjaroen J, Saisorn W, Chatsuwan T, Somparn P, Leelahavanichkul A. Rapid Synergistic Biofilm Production of Pseudomonas and Candida on the Pulmonary Cell Surface and in Mice, a Possible Cause of Chronic Mixed Organismal Lung Lesions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169202. [PMID: 36012475 PMCID: PMC9409386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the possible co-presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans (the most common nosocomial pathogens) in lungs, rapid interkingdom biofilm production is possible. As such, PA+CA produced more dominant biofilms on the pulmonary epithelial surface (NCI-H292) (confocal fluorescent extracellular matrix staining) with dominant psl upregulation, as demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), after 8 h of experiments than PA alone. With a proteomic analysis, rhamnosyltransferase RhlB protein (Psl-associated quorum-sensing protein) was found to be among the high-abundance proteins in PA+CA than in PA biofilms, supporting psl-mediated biofilms in PA+CA on the cell surface. Additionally, PA+CA increased supernatant cytokines (IL-8 and IL-13, but not TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) with a similar upregulation of TLR-4, TLR-5, and TLR-9 (by PCR) compared with PA-stimulated cells. The intratracheal administration of PA+CA induced a greater severity of sepsis (serum creatinine, alanine transaminase, serum cytokines, and histology score) and prominent biofilms (fluorescent staining) with psl upregulation (PCR). In comparison with PA+CA biofilms on glass slides, PA+CA biofilms on biotic surfaces were more prominent (fluorescent staining). In conclusion, PA+CA induced Psl-predominant biofilms on the pulmonary cell surface and in mice with acute pneumonia, and these biofilms were more prominent than those induced by PA alone, highlighting the impact of Candida on rapid interkingdom biofilm production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpimol Phuengmaung
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jiradej Mekjaroen
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wilasinee Saisorn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanittha Chatsuwan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Poorichaya Somparn
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (A.L.); Tel.: +66-2-256-4251 (P.S. & A.L.); Fax: +66-2-252-6920 (P.S. & A.L.)
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (A.L.); Tel.: +66-2-256-4251 (P.S. & A.L.); Fax: +66-2-252-6920 (P.S. & A.L.)
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Lapiere A, Richard ML. Bacterial-fungal metabolic interactions within the microbiota and their potential relevance in human health and disease: a short review. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2105610. [PMID: 35903007 PMCID: PMC9341359 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2105610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of the microbiota is the focus of many recent publications describing the effects of the microbiota on host health. In recent years, research has progressed further, investigating not only the diversity of genes and functions but also metabolites produced by microorganisms composing the microbiota of various niches and how these metabolites affect and shape the microbial community. While an abundance of data has been published on bacterial interactions, much less data are available on the interactions of bacteria with another component of the microbiota: the fungal community. Although present in smaller numbers, fungi are essential to the balance of this complex microbial ecosystem. Both bacterial and fungal communities produce metabolites that influence their own population but also that of the other. However, to date, interkingdom interactions occurring through metabolites produced by bacteria and fungi have rarely been described. In this review, we describe the major metabolites produced by both kingdoms and discuss how they influence each other, by what mechanisms and with what consequences for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Lapiere
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France,Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, France
| | - Mathias L Richard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France,Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, France,CONTACT Mathias L Richard INRAE, Micalis Institute, Probihote Team, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352, Jouy en Josas, France
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A microplate‐based Response Surface Methodology model for growth optimization and biofilm formation on polystyrene polymeric material in a
Candida albicans
and
Escherichia coli
co‐culture. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Radunovic M, Barac M, Kuzmanovic Pficer J, Pavlica D, Jovanovic A, Pucar A, Petrovic S. Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida albicans Isolated from Tongue and Subgingival Biofilm of Periodontitis Patients. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060802. [PMID: 35740208 PMCID: PMC9219811 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The subgingival biofilm, as the most complex microbial community, has been proven to be reservoir of Candida spp. The main concept of this study was to investigate if there is a difference between the sensitivity of Candida albicans (C. albicans) isolated from tongue and subgingival areas of periodontitis patients to antifungal agents. The aim of the study was to determine: (1) the distribution of different Candida species in the tongue and subgingival samples of periodontitis patients; (2) the susceptibility of Candida albicans strains from tongue and subgingival biofilm to the effects of commonly used antifungal agents: fluconazole, amphotericin B and itraconazole; (3) the correlation between the susceptibility of Candida albicans and clinical periodontal parameters. Tongue and subgingival biofilm samples of periodontitis subjects (N = 163) were examined. Susceptibility was tested when the same Candida species was isolated from both sites (17 subjects). Candida spp. were isolated in 23.3% of tongue and 21.5% of the subgingival samples. All isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, while 64.71% of tongue and 52.94% of subgingival isolates were susceptible to fluconazole. A low frequency of itraconazole susceptibility was observed for tongue (17.64%) and subgingival isolates (11.76%). The correlations between full-mouth plaque score and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for tongue isolates were strongly positive for all antimycotics. Positive correlation was also observed between moderate periodontal destruction and MICs for tongue and subgingival isolates. The susceptibility of C. albicans to antifungals correlate with oral hygiene and moderate periodontal destruction. There is no difference in antifungal susceptibility between tongue and subgingival isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Radunovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (S.P.); Tel.: +381-11-36-29-201 (M.R. & S.P.)
| | - Milena Barac
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Jovana Kuzmanovic Pficer
- Department for Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dusan Pavlica
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandar Jovanovic
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Resavska 51, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ana Pucar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Sanja Petrovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (S.P.); Tel.: +381-11-36-29-201 (M.R. & S.P.)
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46
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Santonocito S, Giudice A, Polizzi A, Troiano G, Merlo EM, Sclafani R, Grosso G, Isola G. A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System's Response during Periodontitis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122426. [PMID: 35745156 PMCID: PMC9227938 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, studies on the oral microbiome have increased awareness that the balance between the host and the microbial species that coexist in it is essential for oral health at all stages of life. However, this balance is extremely difficult to maintain, and many factors can disrupt it: general eating habits, sugar consumption, tobacco smoking, oral hygiene, and use of antibiotics and other antimicrobials. It is now known that alterations in the oral microbiota are responsible for developing and promoting many oral diseases, including periodontal disease. In this context, diet is an area for further investigation as it has been observed that the intake of particular foods, such as farmed animal meat, dairy products, refined vegetable oils, and processed cereals, affects the composition of the microbiota, leading to an increased representation of acid-producing and acid-tolerant organisms and periodontal pathogens. However, little is known about the influence of diet on the oral microbiome and the creation of a suitable microenvironment for the development of periodontal disease. The aim of the present study is to evaluate current knowledge on the role of diet in the oral dysbiosis underlying periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Santonocito
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (R.S.); (G.I.)
| | - Amerigo Giudice
- Unit of Dentistry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (R.S.); (G.I.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (G.G.); Tel.: +39-095-378-2638 (A.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Maria Merlo
- Department of Human and Pediatric Pathology “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rossana Sclafani
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (R.S.); (G.I.)
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (G.G.); Tel.: +39-095-378-2638 (A.P.)
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (R.S.); (G.I.)
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47
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Chen R, Clark ST, Waldvogel-Thurlow S, Radcliff FJ, Hoggard ML, Johnston J, Douglas RG, Biswas K. The histological and microbiological characteristics of bacterial microcolonies in paediatric tonsillar hyperplasia. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 157:111128. [PMID: 35421675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paediatric tonsillar hyperplasia (TH) is associated with a spectrum of presentations ranging from recurrent tonsillitis (RT) to sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The underlying pathogenesis of tonsillar hyperplasia remains poorly understood. Previous studies have implicated bacterial microcolonies as targets of host inflammatory cells and as a potential driver of the chronic inflammation seen in TH. The role of atopy in tonsillar hyperplasia is also largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine the allergic responses and microbial factors that may influence TH in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Paired tonsils and a serum sample were collected from 21 children undergoing tonsillectomy for RT or SDB in the Auckland region. The disposition of immunoglobulin isotypes (IgG, A, M and E) and local inflammatory cells on histological sections of tonsil tissue were determined using immunohistochemistry techniques. Aeroallergen specific IgE (sIgE) and Staphylococcal enterotoxin C specific IgE (SEC-specific IgE) were measured in serum and tonsil tissue using the ImmunoCAP® system. Finally, tonsil bacterial microcolonies were then excised from histological slides using laser microdissection techniques, before undergoing bacterial and fungal amplicon sequencing. RESULTS There were no significant differences in any of the measured variables between children with RT and SDB symptoms. IgE staining was not associated with increased levels of mast cells, leukocytes or plasma cells. However, sIgE positivity was more frequently found in local tissue than in serum (p = 0.025). A significant association was observed between tissue sIgE levels and tissue SEC-specific IgE levels (r2 = 0.95, p = 0.0001). The most abundant bacterial and fungal genera identified in the microcolonies were Fusobacterium, Sphingomonas, Porphyromonas, Prevotella and Malassezia. DISCUSSION These results suggest that there is a local IgE response in children with TH. Local IgE production is unrelated to systemic atopy and may play a key role in the pathogenesis of TH. This is the first study to determine the microbial composition of microcolonies in tonsil tissue. These findings enhance current understanding of the microbiology of tonsils in children with TH and have important implications for antibiotic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sita Tarini Clark
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sharon Waldvogel-Thurlow
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fiona Jane Radcliff
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - James Johnston
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard George Douglas
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kristi Biswas
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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48
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Fotis D, Liu J, Dalamaga M. Could gut mycobiome play a role in NAFLD pathogenesis? Insights and therapeutic perspectives. Metabol Open 2022; 14:100178. [PMID: 35308892 PMCID: PMC8927988 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The entire spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranging from fatty liver to cirrhosis has been considered as the result of specific metabolic pathways and mediators, gut barrier function alterations and inflammatory responses. Previous studies have associated intestinal microbiota with NAFLD pathogenesis, focusing mostly on bacteria. In a recent study by Demir et al. in the Journal of Hepatology, researchers characterized the fecal mycobiome of patients with NAFLD and controls. NAFLD severity was linked to a specific fecal mycobiome signature, particularly in patients without obesity, highlighting previously undescribed aspects of the non obese phenotype of NAFLD. There has recently been a growing interest in the pathophysiology and progression of non obese NAFLD, as its actual incidence seems to be higher than previously described. Moreover, the authors demonstrated that in subjects with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis, there was an augmented systemic immune response to Candida albicans. Amphotericin B, which has been widely regarded as an antifungal with a good safety profile, low rate of resistance and high efficacy, has already been shown to prevent liver injury and steatosis in mice. Similarly in this study when germ-free mice colonized with feces from patients with NASH were fed with a Western diet, treatment with amphotericin B protected against steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. In conclusion, this study has provided novel insights into the fecal mycobiome composition in advanced NAFLD especially in the non obese population while suggesting a role for antifungal therapy in the management of NAFLD.
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Niemiec MJ, Kapitan M, Himmel M, Döll K, Krüger T, Köllner TG, Auge I, Kage F, Alteri CJ, Mobley HL, Monsen T, Linde S, Nietzsche S, Kniemeyer O, Brakhage AA, Jacobsen ID. Augmented Enterocyte Damage During Candida albicans and Proteus mirabilis Coinfection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:866416. [PMID: 35651758 PMCID: PMC9149288 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.866416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut acts as the main reservoir of microbes and a relevant source of life-threatening infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. There, the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans adapts to the host environment and additionally interacts with residing bacteria. We investigated fungal-bacterial interactions by coinfecting enterocytes with the yeast Candida albicans and the Gram-negative bacterium Proteus mirabilis resulting in enhanced host cell damage. This synergistic effect was conserved across different P. mirabilis isolates and occurred also with non-albicans Candida species and C. albicans mutants defective in filamentation or candidalysin production. Using bacterial deletion mutants, we identified the P. mirabilis hemolysin HpmA to be the key effector for host cell destruction. Spatially separated coinfections demonstrated that synergism between Candida and Proteus is induced by contact, but also by soluble factors. Specifically, we identified Candida-mediated glucose consumption and farnesol production as potential triggers for Proteus virulence. In summary, our study demonstrates that coinfection of enterocytes with C. albicans and P. mirabilis can result in increased host cell damage which is mediated by bacterial virulence factors as a result of fungal niche modification via nutrient consumption and production of soluble factors. This supports the notion that certain fungal-bacterial combinations have the potential to result in enhanced virulence in niches such as the gut and might therefore promote translocation and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Joanna Niemiec
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena, Germany
| | - Mario Kapitan
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena, Germany
| | - Maximilian Himmel
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Kristina Döll
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Krüger
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias G. Köllner
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Isabel Auge
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Kage
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Christopher J. Alteri
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, United States
| | - Harry L.T. Mobley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Tor Monsen
- Department Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Susanne Linde
- Center for Electron Microscopy, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandor Nietzsche
- Center for Electron Microscopy, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Olaf Kniemeyer
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A. Brakhage
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Ilse D. Jacobsen
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ilse D. Jacobsen,
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50
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Yadav M, Ali S, Shrode RL, Shahi SK, Jensen SN, Hoang J, Cassidy S, Olalde H, Guseva N, Paullus M, Cherwin C, Wang K, Cho T, Kamholz J, Mangalam AK. Multiple sclerosis patients have an altered gut mycobiome and increased fungal to bacterial richness. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264556. [PMID: 35472144 PMCID: PMC9041819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses exist in the healthy human gut microbiome. Although gut bacterial dysbiosis has been extensively studied in multiple sclerosis (MS), the significance of the fungal microbiome (mycobiome) is an understudied and neglected part of the intestinal microbiome in MS. The aim of this study was to characterize the gut mycobiome of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), compare it to healthy controls, and examine its association with changes in the bacterial microbiome. We characterized and compared the mycobiome of 20 RRMS patients and 33 healthy controls (HC) using Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) and compared mycobiome interactions with the bacterial microbiome using 16S rRNA sequencing. Our results demonstrate an altered mycobiome in RRMS patients compared with HC. RRMS patients showed an increased abundance of Basidiomycota and decreased Ascomycota at the phylum level with an increased abundance of Candida and Epicoccum genera along with a decreased abundance of Saccharomyces compared to HC. We also observed an increased ITS2/16S ratio, altered fungal and bacterial associations, and altered fungal functional profiles in MS patients compared to HC. This study demonstrates that RRMS patients had a distinct mycobiome with associated changes in the bacterial microbiome compared to HC. There is an increased fungal to bacterial ratio as well as more diverse fungal-bacterial interactions in RRMS patients compared to HC. Our study is the first step towards future studies in delineating the mechanisms through which the fungal microbiome can influence MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeta Yadav
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Soham Ali
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Rachel L. Shrode
- Informatics Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Shailesh K. Shahi
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Samantha N. Jensen
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Jemmie Hoang
- College of Nursing University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Samuel Cassidy
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Heena Olalde
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Natalya Guseva
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Mishelle Paullus
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Catherine Cherwin
- College of Nursing University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Tracey Cho
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - John Kamholz
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Ashutosh K. Mangalam
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Informatics Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Iowa City VA Health System, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
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