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Signorini S, Delledonne A, Pescina S, Bianchera A, Sissa C, Vivero-Lopez M, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Santi P, Padula C, Nicoli S. A sterilizable platform based on crosslinked xanthan gum for controlled-release of polymeric micelles: Ocular application for the delivery of neuroprotective compounds to the posterior eye segment. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124141. [PMID: 38677392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
TPGS (D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate) polymeric micelles show interesting properties for ocular administration thanks to their solubilization capability, nanometric size and tissue penetration ability. However, micelles formulations are generally characterized by low viscosity, poor adhesion and very short retention time at the administration site. Therefore, the idea behind this work is the preparation and characterization of a crosslinked film based on xanthan gum that contains TPGS micelles and is capable of controlling their release. The system was loaded with melatonin and cyclosporin A, neuroprotective compounds to be delivered to the posterior eye segment. Citric acid and heating at different times and temperatures were exploited as crosslinking approach, giving the possibility to tune swelling, micelles release and drug release. The biocompatibility of the platform was confirmed by HET-CAM assay. Ex vivo studies on isolated porcine ocular tissues, conducted using Franz cells and two-photon microscopy, demonstrated the potential of the xanthan gum-based platform and enlightened micelles penetration mechanism. Finally, the sterilization step was approached, and a process to simultaneously crosslink and sterilize the platform was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Signorini
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Delledonne
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Silvia Pescina
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Cristina Sissa
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Maria Vivero-Lopez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Insititute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Insititute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Patrizia Santi
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Cristina Padula
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Sara Nicoli
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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Paganini V, Chetoni P, Di Gangi M, Monti D, Tampucci S, Burgalassi S. Nanomicellar eye drops: a review of recent advances. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:381-397. [PMID: 38396342 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2323208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research on nanotechnology in medicine has also involved the ocular field and nanomicelles are among the applications developed. This approach is used to increase both the water solubility of hydrophobic drugs and their penetration/permeation within/through the ocular tissues since nanomicelles are able to encapsulate insoluble drug into their core and their small size allows them to penetrate and/or diffuse through the aqueous pores of ocular tissues. AREAS COVERED The present review reports the most significant and recent literature on the use of nanomicelles, made up of both surfactants and amphiphilic polymers, to overcome limitations imposed by the physiology of the eye in achieving a high bioavailability of drugs intended for the therapeutic areas of greatest commercial interest: dry eye, inflammation, and glaucoma. EXPERT OPINION The results of the numerous studies in this field are encouraging and demonstrate that nanomicelles may be the answer to some of the challenges of ocular therapy. In the future, new molecules self-assembling into micelles will be able to meet the regulatory requirements for marketing authorization for their use in ophthalmic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrizia Chetoni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (CentroR), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (CentroR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Tampucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (CentroR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Susi Burgalassi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (CentroR), Pisa, Italy
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Mostafa M, Al Fatease A, Alany RG, Abdelkader H. Recent Advances of Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Prominence of Ocular Implants for Chronic Eye Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1746. [PMID: 37376194 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic ocular diseases can seriously impact the eyes and could potentially result in blindness or serious vision loss. According to the most recent data from the WHO, there are more than 2 billion visually impaired people in the world. Therefore, it is pivotal to develop more sophisticated, long-acting drug delivery systems/devices to treat chronic eye conditions. This review covers several drug delivery nanocarriers that can control chronic eye disorders non-invasively. However, most of the developed nanocarriers are still in preclinical or clinical stages. Long-acting drug delivery systems, such as inserts and implants, constitute the majority of the clinically used methods for the treatment of chronic eye diseases due to their steady state release, persistent therapeutic activity, and ability to bypass most ocular barriers. However, implants are considered invasive drug delivery technologies, especially those that are nonbiodegradable. Furthermore, in vitro characterization approaches, although useful, are limited in mimicking or truly representing the in vivo environment. This review focuses on long-acting drug delivery systems (LADDS), particularly implantable drug delivery systems (IDDS), their formulation, methods of characterization, and clinical application for the treatment of eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minya 61519, Egypt
| | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raid G Alany
- School of Pharmacy, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Tames KT1 2EE, UK
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Hamdy Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
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Onugwu AL, Nwagwu CS, Onugwu OS, Echezona AC, Agbo CP, Ihim SA, Emeh P, Nnamani PO, Attama AA, Khutoryanskiy VV. Nanotechnology based drug delivery systems for the treatment of anterior segment eye diseases. J Control Release 2023; 354:465-488. [PMID: 36642250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Diseases affecting the anterior segment of the eye are the primary causes of vision impairment and blindness globally. Drug administration through the topical ocular route is widely accepted because of its user/patient friendliness - ease of administration and convenience. However, it remains a significant challenge to efficiently deliver drugs to the eye through this route because of various structural and physiological constraints that restrict the distribution of therapeutic molecules into the ocular tissues. The bioavailability of topically applied ocular medications such as eye drops is typically less than 5%. Developing novel delivery systems to increase the retention time on the ocular surfaces and permeation through the cornea is one of the approaches adopted to boost the bioavailability of topically administered medications. Drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology such as micelles, nanosuspensions, nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, liposomes, dendrimers, niosomes, cubosomes and nanowafers have been investigated as effective alternatives to conventional ocular delivery systems in treating diseases of the anterior segment of the eye. This review discussed different nanotechnology-based delivery systems that are currently investigated for treating and managing diseases affecting the anterior ocular tissues. We also looked at the challenges in translating these systems into clinical use and the prospects of nanocarriers as a vehicle for the delivery of phytoactive compounds to the anterior segment of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaeze Linda Onugwu
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chinekwu Sherridan Nwagwu
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Obinna Sabastine Onugwu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Adaeze Chidiebere Echezona
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chinazom Precious Agbo
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Stella Amarachi Ihim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Pharmacology and Physiology Unit, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Prosper Emeh
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Petra Obioma Nnamani
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Amaechi Attama
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Vitaliy V Khutoryanskiy
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom.
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Xu H, Liu Y, Jin L, Chen X, Chen X, Wang Q, Tang Z. Preparation and Characterization of Ion-Sensitive Brimonidine Tartrate In Situ Gel for Ocular Delivery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010090. [PMID: 36678587 PMCID: PMC9866900 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Brimonidine tartrate (BRT) is a highly selective α2 adrenergic receptor agonist as treatment for patients with open angle glaucoma and high intraocular pressure. The objective of this study was to formulate an ophthalmic ion-sensitive in situ gel (ISG) of BRT to increase the retention time of the drug and its bioavailability. The optimum formulation of 2 mg/mL BRT-ISG was obtained with 0.45% gellan gum as the gel matrix. In vitro release results showed that the water-soluble drug bromonidine tartrate in ocular in situ gels exhibited a high burst effect and fast release in solution. The results of dialysis membrane permeation showed that there was a significant difference between the commercially available and BRT-ISG groups after 45 min. The results of the pre-corneal retention study indicated that gellan gum can effectively prolong ocular surface retention. Preliminary stability results showed that it should be stored in a cool and dark place, and the formulation under long-term preservation can be basically stable. The pharmacokinetic study of the BRT-ISG in the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye was studied by microdialysis technique, and microdialysis samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The pharmacokinetic study showed that the BRT-ISG reached Cmax (8.16 mg/L) at 93 min after administration, which was 2.7 times that of the BRT eye drops, and the AUC(0-t) (1397.08 mg·min/L) was 3.4 times that of the BRT eye drops. The optimal prescription can prolong the retention time of BRT in front of the cornea and significantly improve the bioavailability of BRT in the eye. Combined with the results of in vitro release, permeation and pre-corneal retention studies, the improvement of BRT-ISG bioavailability in rabbit eyes was found to be mainly due to the retention effect after the mixture of ISG and tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Lu Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Xinghao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (Z.T.)
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Krishnaswami V, Sugumaran A, Perumal V, Manavalan M, Kondeti DP, Basha SK, Ahmed MA, Kumar M, Vijayaraghavalu S. Nanoformulations - Insights Towards Characterization Techniques. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1330-1344. [PMID: 35996238 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220822094248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-loaded novel nanoformulations are gaining importance due to their versatile properties compared to conventional pharmaceutical formulations. Nanomaterials, apart from their multifactorial benefits, have a wider scope in the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of cancer. Understanding the chemistry of drug-loaded nano-formulations to elicit its behaviour both at molecular and systemic levels is critical in the present scenario. Drug-loaded nanoformulations are controlled by their size, shape, surface chemistry, and release behavior. The major pharmaceutical drug loaded nanocarriers reported for anticancer drug delivery for the treatment of various forms of cancers such as lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, etc include nanoparticles, nanospheres, nanodispersions, nanocapsules, nanomicelles, cubosomes, nanoemulsions, liposomes and niosomes. The major objectives in designing anticancer drug-loaded nanoformulations are to manage the particle size/morphology correlating with the drug release to fulfil the specific objectives. Hence, nano characterizations are very critical both at in vitro and in vivo levels. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this review paper is to summarise the major characterization techniques used for the characterization of drug-loaded nanoformulations. Even though information on characterization techniques of various nano-formulations is available in the literature, it is scattered. The proposed review will provide a comprehensive understanding of nanocharacterization techniques. CONCLUSION To conclude, the proposed review will provide insights towards the different nano characterization techniques along with their recent updates, such as particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, in vitro release studies (chromatographic HPLC, HPTLC, and LC-MS/MS analysis), EPR analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, thermal analysis, rheometric, morphological analysis etc. Additionally, the challenges encountered by the nano characterization techniques will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateshwaran Krishnaswami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abimanyu Sugumaran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatesan Perumal
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Murugan Manavalan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Noorul Islam Center for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Durga Prasad Kondeti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Narayana College of Pharmacy, Nellore 524003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shaik Kamil Basha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Narayana College of Pharmacy, Nellore 524003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammed Akmal Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Narayana College of Pharmacy, Nellore 524003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Munish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
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Chetoni P, Burgalassi S, Zucchetti E, Granchi C, Minutolo F, Tampucci S, Monti D. MAGL inhibitor NanoMicellar formulation (MAGL-NanoMicellar) for the development of an antiglaucoma eye drop. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122078. [PMID: 35932931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ocular endocannabinoid system (ECS) including enzymes and CB1/CB2 receptors determines various substantial effects, such as anti-inflammatory activity and reduction of the intraocular pressure (IOP). The modulation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) levels obtained via MAGL inhibition is considered as a promising pharmacological strategy to activate the ECS. Within the scope of this study, the effect of a selective monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor (MAGL17b) was investigated by measuring the IOP reduction in normotensive rabbits after performing a solubilisation process of the molecule with non-ionic surfactants, to produce suitable eye drops containing the highest possible concentration of the drug. Furthermore, the study involved the evaluation of cytotoxicity and of in vitro/ex vivo corneal permeation of MAG17b of selected formulations based on polyoxyl(35)castor oil (C-EL) and polyethylene glycol (80) sorbitan monolaurate (TW80). The solubilisation of 0.5 mM MAGL17b with 3% w/w TW80 (TW80/3-17b), through the formation of NanoMicellar structures (diameter of 12.3 nm), determined a significant permeation of MAGL17b, both through excised rabbits corneas and reconstituted corneal epithelium, with a limited corneal epithelial cells death. The blockade of MAGL activity induced a IOP reduction up to 4 mmHg in albino and pigmented rabbits after topical instillation, thus confirming the potential efficacy of the MAGL inhibition approach in the treatment of ocular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Chetoni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Susi Burgalassi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Tampucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
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Chaudhari P, Birangal S, Mavlankar N, Pal A, Mallela LS, Roy S, Kodoth AK, Ghate V, Nampoorthiri M, Lewis SA. Oil-free eye drops containing Cyclosporine A/cyclodextrin/PVA supramolecular complex as a treatment modality for dry eye disease. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 297:120007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Recent progress in colloidal nanocarriers loaded in situ gel in ocular therapeutics. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cellulosic Polymers for Enhancing Drug Bioavailability in Ocular Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111201. [PMID: 34832983 PMCID: PMC8621906 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major impediments to drug development is low aqueous solubility and thus poor bioavailability, which leads to insufficient clinical utility. Around 70–80% of drugs in the discovery pipeline are suffering from poor aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability, which is a major challenge when one has to develop an ocular drug delivery system. The outer lipid layer, pre-corneal, dynamic, and static ocular barriers limit drug availability to the targeted ocular tissues. Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II drugs with adequate permeability and limited or no aqueous solubility have been extensively studied for various polymer-based solubility enhancement approaches. The hydrophilic nature of cellulosic polymers and their tunable properties make them the polymers of choice in various solubility-enhancement techniques. This review focuses on various cellulose derivatives, specifically, their role, current status and novel modified cellulosic polymers for enhancing the bioavailability of BCS class II drugs in ocular drug delivery systems.
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Fang G, Yang X, Wang Q, Zhang A, Tang B. Hydrogels-based ophthalmic drug delivery systems for treatment of ocular diseases. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 127:112212. [PMID: 34225864 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of people worldwide are affected by eye diseases, eventually leading to visual impairment or complete blindness. Conventional treatment involves the use of eye drops. However, these formulations often confer low ocular bioavailability and frequent dosing is required. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more effective drug delivery systems to tackle the current limitations. Hydrogels are multifunctional ophthalmic drug delivery systems capable of extending drug residence time and sustaining release of drugs. In this review, common ocular diseases and corresponding therapeutic drugs are briefly introduced. In addition, various types of hydrogels reported for ophthalmic drug delivery, including in-situ gelling hydrogels, contact lenses, low molecular weight supramolecular hydrogels, cyclodextrin/poly (ethylene glycol)-based supramolecular hydrogels and hydrogel-forming microneedles, are summarized. Besides, marketed hydrogel-based opthalmic formulations and clinical trials are also highlighted. Finally, critical considerations regarding clinical translation of biologics-loaded hydrogels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Xuewen Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Qiuxiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Aiwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Bo Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China.
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Rudko M, Urbaniak T, Musiał W. Recent Developments in Ion-Sensitive Systems for Pharmaceutical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1641. [PMID: 34070206 PMCID: PMC8158499 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive carriers of pharmaceutical agents have been extensively researched in recent decades due to the possibility of distinctively precise targeted drug delivery. One of the potentially beneficial strategies is based on the response of the medical device to changes in the ionic environment. Fluctuations in ionic strength and ionic composition associated with pathological processes may provide triggers sufficient to induce an advantageous carrier response. This review is focused on recent developments and novel strategies in the design of ion-responsive drug delivery systems. A variety of structures i.e., polymeric matrices, lipid carriers, nucleoside constructs, and metal-organic frameworks, were included in the scope of the summary. Recently proposed strategies aim to induce different pharmaceutically beneficial effects: localized drug release in the desired manner, mucoadhesive properties, increased residence time, or diagnostic signal emission. The current state of development of ion-sensitive drug delivery systems enabled the marketing of some responsive topical formulations. Concurrently, ongoing research is focused on more selective and complex systems for different administration routes. The potential benefits in therapeutic efficacy and safety associated with the employment of multi-responsive systems will prospectively result in further research and applicable solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Witold Musiał
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.R.); (T.U.)
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