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Algul FE, Koc E, Kaya HT. Serum salusin-α and -β levels in patients with parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:585-590. [PMID: 37668828 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not well known and there is increasing evidence that oxidative stress also plays an important role in its pathogenesis. Salusins alpha (salusin-α) and beta (salusin-β) affect the central nervous system, vasculature, and kidneys to increase the inflammatory response in endothelial cells, stimulate oxidative stress, and increase monocyte-endothelial adhesion. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play roles in the etiopathogenesis of PD. PURPOSE To investigate whether salusin-α and -β are related to PD and whether they are correlated with the development of atherosclerosis, body mass index, disease duration, and the Parkinson's Hoehn and Yahr stage. RESULTS The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol, and salusin-β levels were significantly lower and age was significantly higher in Parkinson patients compared to healthy controls (ρ < 0.005). We found a negative linear correlation between salusin-β and the Hoehn and Yahr stage (ρ < 0.001, r = -0.515) in the patients. CONCLUSIONS There was a relationship between salusin-β and PD and a correlation between the salusin-β levels and Parkinson's stage. A possible underlying disease mechanism is an increase in oxidative stress and decrease in neuroprotective effects due to low salusin-β levels. Therefore, the effects of salusin-β in treating Parkinson disease should be evaluated. Further studies are needed to understand the effects of salusin-β treatment on preventing or slowing the course of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ebru Algul
- Department of Neurology, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Emine Koc
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Inonu University Institute of Health Sciences, Malatya, Turkey
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Chen MX, Deng BY, Liu ST, Wang ZB, Wang SZ. Salusins: advance in cardiovascular disease research. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:363-369. [PMID: 36508340 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Salusins are discovered in 2003 and divided into salusin-α and salusin-β, which are bioactive peptides with hemodynamic and mitotic activity and mainly distributed in plasma, urine, endocrine glands and kidneys. A large number of studies have shown that salusins can regulate lipid metabolism, inflammatory response and vascular proliferation. Despite the profound and diverse physiological properties of salusins, the exact mechanism of their cardiovascular effects remains to be determined. The potential mechanisms of action of salusins in cardiovascular-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction and myocarditis, and their use as biomarkers of cardiovascular disease are discussed. This review aims to provide a new strategy for the diagnosis and prevention of clinical cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xin Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Bo-Yan Deng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shu-Ting Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zong-Bao Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shu-Zhi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Watanabe T, Sato K. Roles of the kisspeptin/GPR54 system in pathomechanisms of atherosclerosis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:889-895. [PMID: 32409274 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Kisspeptin-10 (KP-10), a potent vasoconstrictor and inhibitor of angiogenesis, and its receptor, GPR54, have currently received much attention with respect to atherosclerosis, since both KP-10 and GPR54 are expressed at high levels in atheromatous plaques and restenotic lesions after wire-injury. The present review introduces the emerging roles of the KP-10/GPR54 system in atherosclerosis. DATA SYNTHESIS KP-10 suppresses migration and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and induces senescence in HUVECs. KP-10 increases adhesion of human monocytes to HUVECs. KP-10 also stimulates expression of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin genes in HUVECs. KP-10 enhances oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation associated with upregulation of CD36 and acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 in human monocyte-derived macrophages. In human aortic smooth muscle cells, KP-10 suppresses angiotensin II-induced migration and proliferation, however, it enhances apoptosis and activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 by upregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38, Bax, and caspase-3. Four-week-infusion of KP-10 into Apoe-/- mice accelerates development of aortic atherosclerotic lesions with increased monocyte/macrophage infiltration and vascular inflammation, also, it decreases intraplaque vascular smooth muscle cell content. Proatherosclerotic effects of endogenous and exogenous KP-10 were completely attenuated upon infusion of P234, a GPR54 antagonist, in Apoe-/- mice. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that KP-10 may contribute to acceleration of progression and to the instability of atheromatous plaques, leading to rupture of plaques. This GPR54 antagonist may be useful for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Thus, the KP-10/GPR54 system may serve as a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Ushioda General Hospital/Clinic, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Kengo Sato
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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Abstract
Elabela is a bioactive peptide and a part of Apelinergic system. Elabela has an important role in the early embryonic stages. Elabela's beneficial effects in cardiovascular system were shown in some animal models or in vitro studies. Lately, some investigational studies in humans are started to be seen in literature. Our aims were to investigate serum Elabela levels in the first day of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), to compare with healthy controls, and to see if there is a correlation between other cardiac biomarkers in humans.The study was planned as cross-sectional. The patients group had 124 STEMI subjects. They were grouped as inferior (n = 59) and anterior myocardial infarction (n = 65) groups, and compared with the healthy control population (n = 77). Routine blood tests and serum Elabela levels were measured. Transthoracic echocardiography performed to all subjects.Frequency of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, and hyperlipidemia in both STEMI groups were significantly higher than control subjects. Glucose, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, high sensitive C reactive protein (Hs-CRP), troponin I, N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP), and Elabela levels were significantly higher in both STEMI groups. Other laboratory parameters were similar. Group 2 and 3 had significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) than group 1. Group 3 had also significantly lower LVEF than group 2. There was a positive but moderate correlation between Elabela, troponin I, and NT-ProBNP. Elabela was negatively correlated with LVEF. This correlation was also moderate.We showed increased Elabela levels in STEMI patients in this study. Also, we observed a moderate positive correlation between troponin I, NT-ProBNP, and Elabela.
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Salusin-α attenuates hepatic steatosis and atherosclerosis in high fat diet-fed low density lipoprotein receptor deficient mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 830:76-86. [PMID: 29704496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Salusin-α is an endogenous bioactive peptide and likely to prevent atherosclerosis. But its protective effect against atherosclerosis in vivo remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to determine the potential effects of salusin-α on atherosclerosis and its associated metabolic disorders in high fat diet (HFD)-fed low density lipoprotein receptor deficient (LDLr-/-) mice, and also explore the possible underlying mechanisms involved. Our data showed that after 12 weeks treatment, salusin-α ameliorated HFD-induced weight gain, hyperlipidemia, and serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Salusin-α suppressed HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and regulated gene expression of fatty acid synthase, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase-α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, camitine palmitoyltransferase-1α and CYP7A1 in liver. Salusin-α reduced atherosclerotic plaque area and macrophage foam cell formation. Salusin-α prevented hepatic and aortic inflammation as evidenced by the reduced macrophage recruitment and mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in both liver and aorta. Salusin-α also reduced hepatic and aortic oxidative stress by normalizing activities of antioxidant enzymes in liver and suppressing reactive oxygen species generation and protein expressions of NADPH-oxidase (NOX) 2 and NOX4 in both liver and aorta. Our present data suggest that salusin-α could reduce hepatic steatosis and atherosclerosis via its pleiotropic effects, including amelioration of lipid profiles, regulation of some key molecules involved in lipid metabolism in liver, anti-oxidative effect and anti-inflammatory action.
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Esfahani M, Saidijam M, Goodarzi MT, Movahedian A, Najafi R. Salusin-α attenuates inflammatory responses in vascular endothelial cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:1314-1323. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917110098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kołakowska U, Kuroczycka–Saniutycz E, Wasilewska A, Olański W. Is the serum level of salusin-β associated with hypertension and atherosclerosis in the pediatric population? Pediatr Nephrol 2015; 30:523-31. [PMID: 25245503 PMCID: PMC4315408 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-014-2960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salusins are recently identified endogenous bioactive peptides that have hypotensive and bradycardiac effects. Salusin-β is involved in the pathogenesis of human atherosclerosis. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of a young patient population with hypertension (HTN). Based on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), the adolescents were categorized into two groups, namely, a hypertensive group consisting of patients with essential (primary) HTN (HTN group) and a group consisting of patients with white-coat HTN [reference (R) group]. Correlations between serum salusin-β level and clinical, laboratory and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) variables were assessed. RESULTS The median salusin-β concentration was significantly higher in patients with essential HTN than in those with white-coat HTN (R group). Salusin-β was positively correlated with the body mass index Z-score, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) from three independent measurements, mean systolic BP during the daytime, triglyceride (TG) level, and atherogenic index (TG/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio). CONCLUSIONS The results of this preliminary study suggest that salusin-β may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HTN in a young population. Further research should focus on the role of salusin-β in the mechanism of essential HTN and the assessment of possible correlations between salusin-β and other well-known markers of atherosclerosis in both teenagers and adults. This research should serve as a base for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Kołakowska
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Anna Wasilewska
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Witold Olański
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Mihai BM, Petriş AO, Ungureanu DA, Lăcătuşu CM. Insulin resistance and adipokine levels correlate with early atherosclerosis - a study in prediabetic patients. Open Med (Wars) 2014; 10:14-24. [PMID: 28352672 PMCID: PMC5152953 DOI: 10.1515/med-2015-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular risk of prediabetes is still subject to controversies. We analyzed the associations between insulin resistance, adipokines and incipient atherosclerosis estimated by intima-media thickness (IMT) in a cross-sectional study on 122 prediabetic subjects without clinical signs of atherosclerotic disease. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, calculated as fasting insulin × fasting plasma glucose / 22.5), adiponectin, leptin, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, carotid and femoral IMT were evaluated. We also assessed other parameters related to insulin resistance and adipokines (HbA1c, anthropometric and lipid parameters), as they may also influence atherosclerosis. Carotid IMT was correlated to adiponectin and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio (all p < 0.05), but not with HOMA-IR or leptin, while femoral IMT showed no relationship with these factors. After adjusting for leptin, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, cholesterol-to-HDL ratio, triglycerides-to-HDL ratio and HbA1c, IMT values became correlated with HOMA-IR. Adjustment for HOMA-IR induced the appearance of new correlations between adipokines and both IMT values. In conclusion, insulin resistance and adipokines seem related to IMT in prediabetic subjects without clinical signs of arterial obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Mircea Mihai
- Discipline of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, First Medical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", 16th Universităţii Street, 700115, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Antoniu Octavian Petriş
- Discipline of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, First Medical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", 16th Universităţii Street, 700115, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Didona Anca Ungureanu
- Discipline of Biochemistry, Morpho-Functional Sciences Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", 16th Universităţii Street, 700115, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Cristina Mihaela Lăcătuşu
- Discipline of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, First Medical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", 16th Universităţii Street, 700115, Iaşi, Romania
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Ogawa A, Fujimoto K, Hayashi A, Chida S, Sato K, Takai K, Masaki T, Suzuki A, Kamata Y, Takano K, Koyama T, Shichiri M. Physiological fluctuations of human plasma total salusin-β, an endogenous parasympathomimetic/proatherosclerotic peptide. Peptides 2014; 59:83-8. [PMID: 25063054 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Salusin-β is an endogenous bioactive peptide that systemically exerts acute parasympathomimetic hemodynamic actions and locally induces atherogenesis. Due to its unique physicochemical characteristics to immediately adhere to all types of plastic and glassware, its plasma concentrations have only been successfully determined very recently. Using a total of 50 healthy adults (median age 28 years, range 24-57 years), we evaluated whether circulating salusin-β levels are affected by the autonomic nervous functions. Plasma total salusin-β levels obtained during daytime ambulatory monitoring of heart rate variability showed strong negative correlations with variables reflecting parasympathetic nervous activity, high frequency amplitude (HF; r=-0.27, p=0.0018) and the square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal-to-normal intervals (RMSSD; r=-0.19, p=0.0292), but did not with low frequency amplitude (LF) or LF/HF, variables influenced by sympathetic nervous activity. Because early morning nadir in the diurnal variation of plasma total salusin-β levels appeared to follow the nighttime parasympathetic nervous activity peak as quantified by HF and RMSSD, we determined whether parasympathetic stimulation reduces plasma salusin-β levels. Both Valsalva maneuver (p<0.05) and urination (p<0.05) significantly reduced plasma total salusin-β levels. Despite the fact that salusin-β is the sole endogenous parasympathomimetic peptide identified to date, the current results argue against the contention that physiological parasympathetic augmentation is the consequences of upregulated circulating salusin-β. Rather, circulating salusin-β levels are suppressed following physiological parasympathetic stimulation and appear to constitute a negative feedback relationship with the parasympathetic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Ogawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazumi Fujimoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hematology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Akinori Hayashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shoma Chida
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kengo Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hematology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kuninobu Takai
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsuguto Masaki
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamata
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Takano
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Koyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hematology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Shichiri
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Dai XY, Cai Y, Sun W, Ding Y, Wang W, Kong W, Tang C, Zhu Y, Xu MJ, Wang X. Intermedin inhibits macrophage foam-cell formation via tristetraprolin-mediated decay of CD36 mRNA. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 101:297-305. [PMID: 24253523 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS CD36-mediated uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) plays a pivotal role in macrophage foam-cell formation and atherogenesis. Previously we reported on intermedin (IMD), a novel member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide family, in atherosclerotic plaque reducing atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. Here, we studied the role of IMD in CD36-mediated macrophage foam-cell formation. METHODS AND RESULTS In apoE(-/-) mice, 6-week IMD infusion reduced oxLDL uptake, intracellular cholesterol content, and foam-cell formation in peritoneal macrophages and reduced protein and mRNA levels of CD36. These in vivo results agreed with in vitro observations in primary peritoneal macrophages. Reduced CD36 protein and mRNA levels were due to an IMD-accelerated decay of CD36 mRNA. Tristetraprolin (TTP), which binds to AU-rich elements in the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNA and promotes its degradation, mediated CD36 mRNA destabilization. TTP knockdown by short-hairpin RNA increased and TTP overexpression reduced CD36 expression, and TTP knockdown rescued IMD-reduced CD36 expression. Moreover, IMD repressed TTP phosphorylation, thereby activating TTP, for increased TTP binding to the 3'-UTR of CD36 mRNA. CONCLUSION Thus, IMD attenuates macrophage foam-cell formation via TTP-mediated degradation of CD36 mRNA. Our findings reveal a new mechanism of the anti-atherogenic role of IMD and a novel pattern for regulation of CD36 expression in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Dai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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Salusins: potential use as a biomarker for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Int J Hypertens 2013; 2013:965140. [PMID: 24251033 PMCID: PMC3819761 DOI: 10.1155/2013/965140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human salusin- α and salusin- β are related peptides produced from prosalusin. Bolus injection of salusin- β into rats induces more profound hypotension and bradycardia than salusin- α . Central administration of salusin- β increases blood pressure via release of norepinephrine and arginine-vasopressin. Circulating levels of salusin- α and salusin- β are lower in patients with essential hypertension. Salusin- β exerts more potent mitogenic effects on human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and fibroblasts than salusin- α . Salusin- β accelerates inflammatory responses in human endothelial cells and monocyte-endothelial adhesion. Human macrophage foam cell formation is stimulated by salusin- β but suppressed by salusin- α . Chronic salusin- β infusion into apolipoprotein E-deficient mice enhances atherosclerotic lesions; salusin- α infusion reduces lesions. Salusin- β is expressed in proliferative neointimal lesions of porcine coronary arteries after stenting. Salusin- α and salusin- β immunoreactivity have been detected in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques, with dominance of salusin- β in macrophage foam cells, VSMCs, and fibroblasts. Circulating salusin- β levels increase and salusin- α levels decrease in patients with coronary artery disease. These findings suggest that salusin- β and salusin- α may contribute to proatherogenesis and antiatherogenesis, respectively. Increased salusin- β and/or decreased salusin- α levels in circulating blood and vascular tissue are closely linked with atherosclerosis. Salusin- α and salusin- β could be candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Fujimoto K, Hayashi A, Kamata Y, Ogawa A, Watanabe T, Ichikawa R, Iso Y, Koba S, Kobayashi Y, Koyama T, Shichiri M. Circulating levels of human salusin-β, a potent hemodynamic and atherogenesis regulator. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76714. [PMID: 24098553 PMCID: PMC3789687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using bioinformatics analysis, we previously identified salusin-β, an endogenous bioactive peptide with diverse physiological activities. Salusin-β is abundantly expressed in the neuroendocrine system and in systemic endocrine cells/macrophages. Salusin-β acutely regulates hemodynamics and chronically induces atherosclerosis, but its unique physicochemical characteristics to tightly adhere to all types of plastic and glassware have prevented elucidation of its precise pathophysiological role. To quantitate plasma total salusin-β concentrations, we produced rabbit and chicken polyclonal antibodies against the C- and N-terminal end sequences, circumvented its sticky nature, and successfully established a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Salusin-β was abundantly present in the plasma of healthy volunteers, ranging from 1.9 to 6.6 nmol/L. Reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that a single immunoreactive salusin-β peak coincided with synthetic authentic salusin-β. Plasma salusin-β concentrations were unaffected by postural changes and by potent vasopressin release stimuli, such as hypertonic saline infusion or smoking. However, salusin-β concentrations showed significant circadian variation; concentrations were high during the daytime and reached the lowest concentrations in the early morning. Plasma salusin-β levels in subjects with diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease showed distinctly higher levels than healthy controls. Patients with panhypopituitarism combined with complete central diabetes insipidus also showed significantly higher plasma salusin-β levels. Therefore, the ELISA system developed in this study will be useful for evaluating circulating total salusin-β levels and for confirming the presence of authentic salusin-β in human plasma. The obtained results suggest a limited contribution of the neuroendocrine system to peripheral total salusin-β concentrations and a role for plasma total salusin-β concentrations as an indicator of systemic vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hematology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akinori Hayashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamata
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akifumi Ogawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Raishi Ichikawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Iso
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Koba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youichi Kobayashi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Koyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hematology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Shichiri
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Aydin S, Aydin S. Salusin-alpha and -beta expression in heart and aorta with and without metabolic syndrome. Biotech Histochem 2013; 89:98-103. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2013.821167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Takada T, Kodera Y, Matsubara M, Kawashima Y, Maeda T, Fujita Y, Shichiri M. Serum monomeric α2-macroglobulin as a clinical biomarker in diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2013; 228:270-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Du SL, Wang WJ, Wan J, Wang YG, Wang ZK, Zhang Z. Serum salusin-α levels are inversely correlated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2013; 73:339-43. [PMID: 23611255 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2013.783227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We sought to measure serum salusin-α levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and to assess their correlation with the severity of the disease. We enrolled 172 patients with CAD and 91 controls. We assessed the angiographic severity of CAD by coronary atherosclerosis index (CAI) and detected serum salusin-α levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We demonstrated that CAD patients had significantly lower serum salusin-α levels compared to controls. Moreover, serum salusin-α levels were independently and negatively correlated with the presence and severity of CAD. These findings indicated that salusin-α might serve as a potential biomarker for predicting the development and progression of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Lin Du
- a Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wu-Jun Wang
- a Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wan
- a Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Gang Wang
- b Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Kang Wang
- a Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- a Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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16
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17
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Galve E, Castro A, Cordero A, Dalmau R, Fácila L, García-Romero A, Mazón P, Sanmartín M, Alonso García A. Update in cardiology: Vascular risk and cardiac rehabilitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 66:124-30. [PMID: 24775386 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the major cause of premature death in developed and developing countries. Nevertheless, surveys show that most patients still do not achieve the lifestyles, risk factor levels, and therapeutic targets recommended in primary and secondary prevention. The present update reflects the most recent novelties in risk classification and estimation of risk and documents the latest changes in fields such as smoking, diet and nutrition, physical activity, lipids, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular rehabilitation, based on experimental trials and population-based observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Galve
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Alberto Cordero
- Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital de San Juan, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Regina Dalmau
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Fácila
- Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital General de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Mazón
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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