1
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Sahu D, Gupta C, Yennamalli RM, Sharma S, Roy S, Hasan S, Gupta P, Sharma VK, Kashyap S, Kumar S, Dwivedi VP, Zhao X, Panda AK, Das HR, Liu CJ. Novel peptide inhibitor of human tumor necrosis factor-α has antiarthritic activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12935. [PMID: 38839973 PMCID: PMC11153517 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α trimer formation renders it inactive for binding to its receptors, thus mitigating the vicious cycle of inflammation. We designed a peptide (PIYLGGVFQ) that simulates a sequence strand of human TNFα monomer using a series of in silico methods, such as active site finding (Acsite), protein-protein interaction (PPI), docking studies (GOLD and Flex-X) followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. The MD studies confirmed the intermolecular interaction of the peptide with the TNFα. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting and fluorescence microscopy revealed that the peptide effectively inhibited the binding of TNF to the cell surface receptors. The cell culture assays showed that the peptide significantly inhibited the TNFα-mediated cell death. In addition, the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) was significantly suppressed in the peptide-treated A549 cells, as observed in immunofluorescence and gel mobility-shift assays. Furthermore, the peptide protected against joint damage in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model, as revealed in the micro focal-CT scans. In conclusion, this TNFα antagonist would be helpful for the prevention and repair of inflammatory bone destruction and subsequent loss in the mouse model of CIA as well as human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. This calls upon further clinical investigation to utilize its potential effect as an antiarthritic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Sahu
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Science Habitat, Ubioquitos Inc, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Charu Gupta
- Clinical Research Division, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Ragothaman M Yennamalli
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Science Habitat, Ubioquitos Inc, London, ON, Canada
| | - Saugata Roy
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Sadaf Hasan
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishnu Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sujit Kashyap
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Xiangli Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amulya Kumar Panda
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Hasi Rani Das
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Chuan-Ju Liu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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2
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Bortolotti M, Biscotti F, Zanello A, Polito L, Bolognesi A. Heterophyllin: A New Adenia Toxic Lectin with Peculiar Biological Properties. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 16:1. [PMID: 38276525 PMCID: PMC10820617 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are plant toxins that were identified for their ability to irreversibly damage ribosomes, thereby causing arrest of protein synthesis and induction of cell death. The RIPs purified from Adenia plants are the most potent ones. Here, we describe a novel toxic lectin from Adenia heterophylla caudex, which has been named heterophyllin. Heterophyllin shows the enzymatic and lectin properties of type 2 RIPs. Interestingly, in immunoreactivity experiments, heterophyllin poorly cross-reacts with sera against all other tested RIPs. The cytotoxic effects and death pathways triggered by heterophyllin were investigated in three human-derived cell lines: NB100, T24, and MCF7, and compared to ricin, the most known and studied type 2 RIP. Heterophyllin was able to completely abolish cell viability at nM concentration. A strong induction of apoptosis, but not necrosis, and the involvement of oxidative stress and necroptosis were observed in all the tested cell lines. Therefore, the enzymatic, immunological, and biological activities of heterophyllin make it an interesting molecule, worthy of further in-depth analysis to verify its possible pharmacological application.
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3
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Carpio-Paucar GN, Palo-Cardenas AI, Rondón-Ortiz AN, Pino-Figueroa A, Gonzales-Condori EG, Villanueva-Salas JA. Cytotoxic Activity of Saponins and Sapogenins Isolated from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. in Cancer Cell Lines. SCIENTIFICA 2023; 2023:8846387. [PMID: 38146491 PMCID: PMC10749722 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8846387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic properties of two extracts from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and three synthetic sapogenins were evaluated in different cancer cell lines (A549, SH-SY5Y, HepG2, and HeLa) to investigate their cytotoxic effects and determine if these cell lines activate the caspase pathway for apoptosis in response to saponin and sapogenin treatment. The saponin extracts were isolated from the agro-industrial waste of Chenopodium quinoa Willd., while the sapogenins were identified and quantitatively determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Among these compounds, ursolic acid was the most active compound, with high IC50 values measured in all cell lines. In addition, hederagenin demonstrated higher caspase-3 activity than staurosporine in HeLa cells, suggesting an anti-cytotoxic activity via a caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. HPLC analysis showed that the concentration of hederagenin was higher than that of oleanolic acid in ethanolic extracts of white and red quinoa. The ethanolic extracts of white and red quinoa did not show cytotoxic activity. On the other hand, the synthetic sapogenins such as ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, and hederagenin significantly decreased the viability of the four cell lines studied. Finally, by Caspase-3 assay, it was found that HeLa undergoes apoptosis during cell death because hederagenin produces a significant increase in PARP-1 hydrolysis in HeLa cells.
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4
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Roy CJ, Ehrbar D, Van Slyke G, Doering J, Didier PJ, Doyle-Meyers L, Donini O, Vitetta ES, Mantis NJ. Serum antibody profiling identifies vaccine-induced correlates of protection against aerosolized ricin toxin in rhesus macaques. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:164. [PMID: 36526642 PMCID: PMC9755799 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of the biothreat agent, ricin toxin (RT), provokes a localized inflammatory response associated with pulmonary congestion, edema, neutrophil infiltration, and severe acute respiratory distress. The extreme toxicity of RT is the result of the toxin's B chain (RTB) promoting rapid uptake into alveolar macrophages and lung epithelial cells, coupled with the A chain's (RTA) potent ribosome-inactivating properties. We previously reported that intramuscular vaccination of rhesus macaques with a lyophilized, alum-adsorbed recombinant RTA subunit vaccine (RiVax®) was sufficient to confer protection against a lethal dose of aerosolized RT. That study implicated RT-specific serum IgG, toxin-neutralizing activity (TNA), and epitope-specific responses as being associated with immunity. However, it was not possible to define actual correlates of protection (COP) because all vaccinated animals survived the RT challenge. We addressed the issue of COP in the current study, by vaccinating groups of rhesus macaques with RiVax® following the previously determined protective regimen (100 µg on study days 0, 30 and 60) or one of two anticipated suboptimal regimens (100 µg on study days 30 and 60; 35 µg on study days 0, 30, and 60). Two unvaccinated animals served as controls. The animals were challenged with ~5 × LD50s of aerosolized RT on study day 110. We report that all vaccinated animals seroconverted prior to RT challenge, with the majority also having measurable TNA, although neither antibody levels nor TNA reached statistical significance with regard to a correlation with protection. By contrast, survival correlated with pre-challenge, epitope-specific serum IgG levels, derived from a competitive sandwich ELISA using a panel of toxin-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed against distinct epitopes on RiVax®. The identification of a species-neutral, competitive ELISA that correlates with vaccine-induced protection against RT in nonhuman represents an important advance in the development of medical countermeasures (MCM) against a persistent biothreat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad J Roy
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.
| | - Dylan Ehrbar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Greta Van Slyke
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Jennifer Doering
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Peter J Didier
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | | | | | - Ellen S Vitetta
- Departments of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Nicholas J Mantis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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5
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Ricin toxin and its neutralizing antibodies: A review. Toxicon 2022; 214:47-53. [PMID: 35595086 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ricin toxin (RT) belongs to the ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) family of toxins and is considered to be a moderate threat by the US Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). RT poses a great potential threat to the public, but there has been a lack of effective treatment options so far. Over the past few decades, researches on the prevention and treatment of RT poisoning have been investigated, among which neutralizing antibodies targeting RT specifically have always been a research hotspot. In this review, we have summarized the mechanism of action of RT, the research results and the design strategies of RT neutralizing antibodies, and discussed the key issues in the development of RT neutralizing antibody researches.
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6
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Peterson‐Reynolds C, Mantis NJ. Differential ER stress as a driver of cell fate following ricin toxin exposure. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:60-75. [PMID: 35024573 PMCID: PMC8728110 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of trace amounts of ricin toxin, a plant-derived ribosome-inactivating protein, results in ablation of alveolar macrophages, widespread epithelial damage, and the onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). While ricin's receptors are ubiquitous, certain cell types are more sensitive to ricin-induced cell death than others for reasons that remain unclear. For example, we demonstrate in side-by-side studies that macrophage-like differentiated THP-1 (dTHP-1) cells are hyper-sensitive to ricin, while lung epithelium-derived A549 cells are relatively insensitive, even though both cell types experience similar degrees of translational inhibition and p38 MAPK activation in response to ricin. Using a variety of small molecule inhibitors, we provide evidence that ER stress contributes to ricin-mediated cytotoxicity of dTHP-1 cells, but not A549 cells. On the other hand, the insensitivity of A549 cells to ricin was overcome by the addition of (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL; CD253), a known stimulator of extrinsic programmed cell death. These results have implications for understanding the complex pathophysiology of ricin-induced ARDS in that they demonstrate that intrinsic (e.g., ER stress) and extrinsic (e.g., TRAIL) factors may ultimately determine the fate of specific cell types following ricin intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Peterson‐Reynolds
- Division of Infectious DiseasesWadsworth CenterNew York State Department of HealthAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - Nicholas J. Mantis
- Division of Infectious DiseasesWadsworth CenterNew York State Department of HealthAlbanyNew YorkUSA
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7
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Bortolotti M, Maiello S, Ferreras JM, Iglesias R, Polito L, Bolognesi A. Kirkiin: A New Toxic Type 2 Ribosome-Inactivating Protein from the Caudex of Adenia kirkii. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020081. [PMID: 33499082 PMCID: PMC7912562 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are plant toxins that irreversibly damage ribosomes and other substrates, thus causing cell death. RIPs are classified in type 1 RIPs, single-chain enzymatic proteins, and type 2 RIPs, consisting of active A chains, similar to type 1 RIPs, linked to lectin B chains, which enable the rapid internalization of the toxin into the cell. For this reason, many type 2 RIPs are very cytotoxic, ricin, volkensin and stenodactylin being the most toxic ones. From the caudex of Adenia kirkii (Mast.) Engl., a new type 2 RIP, named kirkiin, was purified by affinity chromatography on acid-treated Sepharose CL-6B and gel filtration. The lectin, with molecular weight of about 58 kDa, agglutinated erythrocytes and inhibited protein synthesis in a cell-free system at very low concentrations. Moreover, kirkiin was able to depurinate mammalian and yeast ribosomes, but it showed little or no activity on other nucleotide substrates. In neuroblastoma cells, kirkiin inhibited protein synthesis and induced apoptosis at doses in the pM range. The biological characteristics of kirkiin make this protein a potential candidate for several experimental pharmacological applications both alone for local treatments and as component of immunoconjugates for systemic targeting in neurodegenerative studies and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bortolotti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, General Pathology Section, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (S.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Stefania Maiello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, General Pathology Section, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (S.M.); (A.B.)
| | - José M. Ferreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain; (J.M.F.); (R.I.)
| | - Rosario Iglesias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain; (J.M.F.); (R.I.)
| | - Letizia Polito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, General Pathology Section, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (S.M.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Bolognesi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, General Pathology Section, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (S.M.); (A.B.)
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8
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Reynolds-Peterson C, Ehrbar DJ, McHale SM, LaRocca TJ, Mantis NJ. Sensitization of Airway Epithelial Cells to Toxin-Induced Death by TNF Superfamily Cytokines. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2248:19-42. [PMID: 33185865 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1130-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The TNF superfamily of proinflammatory and proapoptotic cytokines influence tissue-wide responses to molecular insults such as small molecules, toxins, and viral infections that perturb cellular homeostasis at the level of DNA replication, transcription, and translation. In the context of acute lung injury, for example, TNF superfamily members like TNF-α and TRAIL can severely exacerbate disease pathophysiology. This chapter describes a systematic approach to optimization of mammalian cell viability assays and transcriptional profiling through nCounter® Technology to permit a detailed examination of how TNF-α and TRAIL modulate programmed cell death pathways in concert with ricin toxin, a ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) and a potent inducer of acute respiratory distress. We compare two widely used luciferase- and colorimetric-based cell viability assays and provide optimization protocols for adherent and non-adherent cell lines. We provide a computational workflow to facilitate downstream analysis of datasets generated from nCounter® gene expression panels. While combined treatment with ricin toxin and TRAIL serves as the exemplar, the methodologies are applicable to any TNF superfamily member in combination with any biological agent of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Reynolds-Peterson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Dylan J Ehrbar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Susanne M McHale
- Advanced Genomic Technologies Cluster, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Timothy J LaRocca
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas J Mantis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA.
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9
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Armentrout EI, Kundracik EC, Rietsch A. Cell-type-specific hypertranslocation of effectors by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system. Mol Microbiol 2020; 115:305-319. [PMID: 33012037 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many Gram-negative pathogens use a type III secretion system (T3SS) to promote disease by injecting effector proteins into host cells. Common to many T3SSs is that injection of effector proteins is feedback inhibited. The mechanism of feedback inhibition and its role in pathogenesis are unclear. In the case of P. aeruginosa, the effector protein ExoS is central to limiting effector injection. ExoS is bifunctional, with an amino-terminal RhoGAP and a carboxy-terminal ADP-ribosyltransferase domain. We demonstrate that both domains are required to fully feedback inhibit effector injection. The RhoGAP-, but not the ADP-ribosyltransferase domain of the related effector protein ExoT also participates. Feedback inhibition does not involve translocator insertion nor pore-formation. Instead, feedback inhibition is due, in part, to a loss of the activating trigger for effector injection, and likely also decreased translocon stability. Surprisingly, feedback inhibition is abrogated in phagocytic cells. The lack of feedback inhibition in these cells requires phagocytic uptake of the bacteria, but cannot be explained through acidification of the phagosome or calcium limitation. Given that phagocytes are crucial for controlling P. aeruginosa infections, our data suggest that feedback inhibition allows P. aeruginosa to direct its effector arsenal against the cell types most damaging to its survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin I Armentrout
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Emma C Kundracik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arne Rietsch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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10
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Rong Y, Pauly M, Guthals A, Pham H, Ehrbar D, Zeitlin L, Mantis NJ. A Humanized Monoclonal Antibody Cocktail to Prevent Pulmonary Ricin Intoxication. Toxins (Basel) 2020. [PMID: 32235318 DOI: 10.3390/toxins1204215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PB10 IgG1, a monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against an immunodominant epitope on the enzymatic subunit (RTA) of ricin toxin (RT), has been shown to passively protect mice and non-human primates from an aerosolized lethal-dose RT challenge. However, it was recently demonstrated that the therapeutic efficacy of PB10 IgG1 is significantly improved when co-administered with a second MAb, SylH3, targeting RT's binding subunit (RTB). Here we report that the PB10/SylH3 cocktail is also superior to PB10 alone when used as a pre-exposure prophylactic (PrEP) in a mouse model of intranasal RT challenge. The benefit of the PB10/SylH3 cocktail prompted us to engineer a humanized IgG1 version of SylH3 (huSylH3). The huPB10/huSylH3 cocktail proved highly efficacious in the mouse model, thereby opening the door to future testing in non-human primates.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Inhalation
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Antidotes/administration & dosage
- Antidotes/pharmacology
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Lung Diseases/chemically induced
- Lung Diseases/prevention & control
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
- Ricin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Ricin/immunology
- Vero Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Rong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Michael Pauly
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc. 6160 Lusk Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Adrian Guthals
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc. 6160 Lusk Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Henry Pham
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc. 6160 Lusk Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Dylan Ehrbar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc. 6160 Lusk Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nicholas J Mantis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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11
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A Humanized Monoclonal Antibody Cocktail to Prevent Pulmonary Ricin Intoxication. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040215. [PMID: 32235318 PMCID: PMC7232472 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PB10 IgG1, a monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against an immunodominant epitope on the enzymatic subunit (RTA) of ricin toxin (RT), has been shown to passively protect mice and non-human primates from an aerosolized lethal-dose RT challenge. However, it was recently demonstrated that the therapeutic efficacy of PB10 IgG1 is significantly improved when co-administered with a second MAb, SylH3, targeting RT’s binding subunit (RTB). Here we report that the PB10/SylH3 cocktail is also superior to PB10 alone when used as a pre-exposure prophylactic (PrEP) in a mouse model of intranasal RT challenge. The benefit of the PB10/SylH3 cocktail prompted us to engineer a humanized IgG1 version of SylH3 (huSylH3). The huPB10/huSylH3 cocktail proved highly efficacious in the mouse model, thereby opening the door to future testing in non-human primates.
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12
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Tumer NE. Introduction to the Toxins Special Issue "Ricin Toxins". Toxins (Basel) 2019; 12:E13. [PMID: 31892170 PMCID: PMC7020407 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ricin toxin isolated from the castor bean (Ricinus communis) is one of the most potent and lethal molecules known [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgun E Tumer
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA
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13
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Rong Y, Torres-Velez FJ, Ehrbar D, Doering J, Song R, Mantis NJ. An intranasally administered monoclonal antibody cocktail abrogates ricin toxin-induced pulmonary tissue damage and inflammation. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:793-807. [PMID: 31589555 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1664243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ricin toxin, a plant-derived, mannosylated glycoprotein, elicits an incapacitating and potentially lethal inflammatory response in the airways following inhalation. Uptake of ricin by alveolar macrophages (AM) and other pulmonary cell types occurs via two parallel pathways: one mediated by ricin's B subunit (RTB), a galactose-specific lectin, and one mediated by the mannose receptor (MR;CD206). Ricin's A subunit (RTA) is a ribosome-inactivating protein that triggers apoptosis in mammalian cells. It was recently reported that a single monoclonal antibody (MAb), PB10, directed against an immunodominant epitope on RTA and administered intravenously, was able to rescue Rhesus macaques from lethal aerosol dose of ricin. In this study, we now demonstrate in mice that the effectiveness PB10 is significantly improved when combined with a second MAb, SylH3, against RTB. Mice treated with PB10 alone survived lethal-dose intranasal ricin challenge, but experienced significant weight loss, moderate pulmonary inflammation (e.g., elevated IL-1 and IL-6 levels, PMN influx), and apoptosis of lung macrophages. In contrast, mice treated with the PB10/SylH3 cocktail were essentially impervious to pulmonary ricin toxin exposure, as evidenced by no weight loss, no change in local IL-1 and IL-6 levels, retention of lung macrophages, and a significant dampening of PMN recruitment into the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids. The PB10/SylH3 cocktail only marginally reduced ricin binding to target cells in the BAL, suggesting that the antibody mixture neutralizes ricin by interfering with one or more steps in the RTB- and MR-dependent uptake pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Rong
- New York State Department of Health, Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Fernando J Torres-Velez
- New York State Department of Health, Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Dylan Ehrbar
- New York State Department of Health, Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Doering
- New York State Department of Health, Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Renjie Song
- New York State Department of Health, Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas J Mantis
- New York State Department of Health, Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
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