1
|
Walt HK, King JG, Sheele JM, Meyer F, Pietri JE, Hoffmann FG. Do bed bugs transmit human viruses, or do humans spread bed bugs and their viruses? A worldwide survey of the bed bug RNA virosphere. Virus Res 2024; 343:199349. [PMID: 38431055 PMCID: PMC10982078 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BED BUGS: (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are a globally distributed hematophagous pest that routinely feed on humans. Unlike many blood-sucking arthropods, they have never been linked to pathogen transmission in a natural setting, and despite increasing interest in their role as disease vectors, little is known about the viruses that bed bugs naturally harbor. Here, we present a global-scale survey of the bed bug RNA virosphere. We sequenced the metatranscriptomes of 22 individual bed bugs (Cimex lectularius and Cimex hemipterus) from 8 locations around the world. We detected sequences from two known bed bug viruses (Shuangao bedbug virus 1 and Shuangao bedbug virus 2) which extends their geographical range. We identified three novel bed bug virus sequences from a tenui-like virus (Bunyavirales), a toti-like virus (Ghabrivirales), and a luteo-like virus (Tolivirales). Interestingly, some of the bed bug viruses branch near to insect-transmitted plant-infecting viruses, opening questions regarding the evolution of plant virus infection. When we analyzed the viral sequences by their host's collection location, we found unexpected patterns of geographical diversity that may reflect humans' role in bed bug dispersal. Additionally, we investigated the effect that Wolbachia, the primary bed bug endosymbiont, may have on viral abundance and found that Wolbachia infection neither promotes nor inhibits viral infection. Finally, our results provide no evidence that bed bugs transmit any known human pathogenic viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter K Walt
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Jonas G King
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Johnathan M Sheele
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center & Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Florencia Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Jose E Pietri
- Sanford School of Medicine, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA.
| | - Federico G Hoffmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA; Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stelfox AJ, Oguntuyo KY, Rissanen I, Harlos K, Rambo R, Lee B, Bowden TA. Crystal structure and solution state of the C-terminal head region of the narmovirus receptor binding protein. mBio 2023; 14:e0139123. [PMID: 37737607 PMCID: PMC10653815 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01391-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Genetically diverse paramyxoviruses are united in their presentation of a receptor-binding protein (RBP), which works in concert with the fusion protein to facilitate host-cell entry. The C-terminal head region of the paramyxoviral RBP, a primary determinant of host-cell tropism and inter-species transmission potential, forms structurally distinct classes dependent upon protein and glycan receptor specificity. Here, we reveal the architecture of the C-terminal head region of the RBPs from Nariva virus (NarV) and Mossman virus (MosV), two archetypal rodent-borne paramyxoviruses within the recently established genus Narmovirus, family Paramyxoviridae. Our analysis reveals that while narmoviruses retain the general architectural features associated with paramyxoviral RBPs, namely, a six-bladed β-propeller fold, they lack the structural motifs associated with known receptor-mediated host-cell entry pathways. This investigation indicates that the RBPs of narmoviruses exhibit pathobiological features that are distinct from those of other paramyxoviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice J. Stelfox
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Ilona Rissanen
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karl Harlos
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Rambo
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benhur Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas A. Bowden
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arnaout Y, Picard-Meyer E, Robardet E, Cappelle J, Cliquet F, Touzalin F, Jimenez G, Djelouadji Z. Assessment of virus and Leptospira carriage in bats in France. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292840. [PMID: 37862301 PMCID: PMC10588846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
With over 1,400 species worldwide, bats represent the second largest order of mammals after rodents, and are known to host major zoonotic pathogens. Here, we estimate the presence of pathogens in autochthonous bat populations. First, we set out to check our samples for PCR amplification efficiency by assessing the occurrence of inhibited PCR reactions from different types of bat samples with amplifying the housekeeping gene β-actin. Second, we investigated the presence of five targeted pathogens in a French bat population using PCR. We targeted viral RNA of Canine distemper virus, Alphacoronavirus, Lyssavirus, Rotavirus and bacterial Leptospira DNA. To do so, we screened for these viruses in bat faecal samples as well as in oropharyngeal swab samples. The presence of Leptospira was assessed in urine, kidney, lung and faecal samples. Results showed a frequency of inhibited reactions ranging from 5 to 60% of samples, varying according to the sample itself and also suspected to vary according to sampling method and the storage buffer solution used, demonstrating the importance of the sampling and storage on the probability of obtaining negative PCR results. For pathogen assessment, rotavirus and alphacoronavirus RNA were detected in Myotis myotis, Myotis daubentonii, Myotis emarginatus and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum bats. Rotaviruses were also detected in Barbastella barbastellus. The presence of alphacoronavirus also varied seasonally, with higher frequencies in late summer and October, suggesting that juveniles potentially play an important role in the dynamics of these viruses. Leptospira DNA was detected in M. myotis and M. daubentonii colonies. The 16S rRNA sequences obtained from Leptospira positive samples showed 100% genetic identity with L. borgpetersenii. Neither canine distemper virus nor lyssavirus RNA were detected in any of the tested samples. This study is the first to show the presence of Leptospira in autochthonous French bats in addition to coronavirus and rotavirus RNA previously reported in European autochthonous bats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Arnaout
- Lyssavirus Unit, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, ANSES, Malzéville, France
- USC 1233-INRAE Rongeurs Sauvages, Risque Sanitaire et Gestion des Populations, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Evelyne Picard-Meyer
- Lyssavirus Unit, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, ANSES, Malzéville, France
| | - Emmanuelle Robardet
- Lyssavirus Unit, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, ANSES, Malzéville, France
| | - Julien Cappelle
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- UMR EPIA, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Theix, France
| | - Florence Cliquet
- Lyssavirus Unit, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, ANSES, Malzéville, France
| | - Frédéric Touzalin
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre West, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Zouheira Djelouadji
- USC 1233-INRAE Rongeurs Sauvages, Risque Sanitaire et Gestion des Populations, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lagan P, Mooney MH, Lemon K. Genome analyses of species A rotavirus isolated from various mammalian hosts in Northern Ireland during 2013-2016. Virus Evol 2023; 9:vead039. [PMID: 37547380 PMCID: PMC10403756 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vead039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus group A (RVA) is the most important cause of acute diarrhoea and severe dehydration in young mammals. Infection in livestock is associated with significant mortality and economic losses and, together with wildlife reservoirs, acts as a potential source of zoonotic transmission. Therefore, molecular surveillance of circulating RVA strains in animal species is necessary to assess the risks posed to humans and their livestock. An RVA molecular epidemiological surveillance study on clinically diseased livestock species revealed high prevalence in cattle and pigs (31 per cent and 18 per cent, respectively) with significant phylogenetic diversity including a novel and divergent ovine artiodactyl DS-1-like constellation G10-P[15]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3. An RVA gene reassortment occurred in an RVA asymptomatic pig and identified as a G5-P[13] strain, and a non-structural protein (NSP)2 gene had intergenomically reassorted with a human RVA strain (reverse zoonosis) and possessed a novel NSP4 enterotoxin E9 which may relate to the asymptomatic RVA infection. Analysis of a novel sheep G10-P[15] strain viral protein 4 gene imparts a putative homologous intergenic and interspecies recombination event, subsequently creating the new P[15] divergent lineage. While surveillance across a wider range of wildlife and exotic species identified generally negative or low prevalence, a novel RVA interspecies transmission in a non-indigenous pudu deer (zoo origin) with the constellation of G6-P[11]12-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3 was detected at a viral load of 11.1 log10 copies/gram. The detection of novel emerging strains, interspecies reassortment, interspecies infection, and recombination of RVA circulating in animal livestock and wildlife reservoirs is of paramount importance to the RVA epidemiology and evolution for the One Health approach and post-human vaccine introduction era where highly virulent animal RVA genotypes have the potential to be zoonotically transmitted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lagan
- Virology, Veterinary Science Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Mark H Mooney
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Ken Lemon
- Virology, Veterinary Science Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
He X, Wang X, Fan G, Li F, Wu W, Wang Z, Fu M, Wei X, Ma S, Ma X. Metagenomic analysis of viromes in tissues of wild Qinghai vole from the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17239. [PMID: 36241909 PMCID: PMC9562062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodents are natural reservoirs of diverse zoonotic viruses and widely distributed on the Tibetan Plateau. A comprehensive understanding of the virome in local rodent species could provide baseline of viral content and assist in efforts to reduce the risk for future emergence of rodent related zoonotic diseases. A total of 205 tissue and fecal samples from 41 wild Qinghai voles were collected. Metagenomic analyses were performed to outline the characteristics of the viromes, and phylogenetic analyses were used to identify the novel viral genomes. The virome distribution among five tissues (liver, lung, spleen, small intestine with content and feces) was also compared. We identified sequences related to 46 viral families. Novel viral genomes from distinct evolutionary lineages with known viruses were characterized for their genomic and evolutionary characteristics, including Hepatovirus, Hepacivirus, Rotavirus, and Picobirnavirus. Further analyses revealed that the core virome harbored by rodent internal tissues were quite different from the virome found in intestine and fecal samples. These findings provide an overview of the viromes in wild Qinghai voles, which are unique and the most common rodent species in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. A high diversity of viruses is likely present in rodent species in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou He
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention - Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- grid.508378.1National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guohao Fan
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention - Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiping Wu
- grid.508378.1National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghuan Wang
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meihua Fu
- grid.430328.eShanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Wei
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Ma
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Ma
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention - Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chappell JG, Tsoleridis T, Onianwa O, Drake G, Ashpole I, Dobbs P, Edema W, Kumi-Ansah F, Bennett M, Tarlinton RE, Ball JK, McClure CP. Retrieval of the Complete Coding Sequence of the UK-Endemic Tatenale Orthohantavirus Reveals Extensive Strain Variation and Supports Its Classification as a Novel Species. Viruses 2020; 12:E454. [PMID: 32316655 PMCID: PMC7232349 DOI: 10.3390/v12040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses are globally distributed viruses, associated with rodents and other small mammals. However, data on the circulation of orthohantaviruses within the UK, particularly the UK-endemic Tatenale virus, is sparse. In this study, 531 animals from five rodent species were collected from two locations in northern and central England and screened using a degenerate, pan- orthohantavirus RT-PCR assay. Tatenale virus was detected in a single field vole (Microtus agrestis) from central England and twelve field voles from northern England. Unbiased high-throughput sequencing of the central English strain resulted in the recovery of the complete coding sequence of a novel strain of Tatenale virus, whilst PCR-primer walking of the northern English strain recovered almost complete coding sequence of a previously identified strain. These findings represented the detection of a third lineage of Tatenale virus in the United Kingdom and extended the known geographic distribution of these viruses from northern to central England. Furthermore, the recovery of the complete coding sequence revealed that Tatenale virus was sufficiently related to the recently identified Traemersee virus, to meet the accepted criteria for classification as a single species of orthohantavirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G. Chappell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - Theocharis Tsoleridis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - Okechukwu Onianwa
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | | | | | | | - William Edema
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - Frederick Kumi-Ansah
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonnington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Rachael E. Tarlinton
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonnington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jonathan K. Ball
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - C. Patrick McClure
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
| |
Collapse
|