1
|
Carossino M, Vissani MA, Barrandeguy ME, Balasuriya UBR, Parreño V. Equine Rotavirus A under the One Health Lens: Potential Impacts on Public Health. Viruses 2024; 16:130. [PMID: 38257830 PMCID: PMC10819593 DOI: 10.3390/v16010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses are a well-known cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and children, as well as in many mammalian species and birds, affecting them at a young age. This group of viruses has a double-stranded, segmented RNA genome with high genetic diversity linked to point mutations, recombination, and, importantly, reassortment. While initial molecular investigations undertaken in the 1900s suggested host range restriction among group A rotaviruses based on the fact that different gene segments were distributed among different animal species, recent molecular surveillance and genome constellation genotyping studies conducted by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG) have shown that animal rotaviruses serve as a source of diversification of human rotavirus A, highlighting their zoonotic potential. Rotaviruses occurring in various animal species have been linked with contributing genetic material to human rotaviruses, including horses, with the most recent identification of equine-like G3 rotavirus A infecting children. The goal of this article is to review relevant information related to rotavirus structure/genomic organization, epidemiology (with a focus on human and equine rotavirus A), evolution, inter-species transmission, and the potential zoonotic role of equine and other animal rotaviruses. Diagnostics, surveillance and the current status of human and livestock vaccines against RVA are also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Carossino
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Maria Aldana Vissani
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad del Salvador, Pilar, Buenos Aires B1630AHU, Argentina; (M.A.V.); (M.E.B.)
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Maria E. Barrandeguy
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad del Salvador, Pilar, Buenos Aires B1630AHU, Argentina; (M.A.V.); (M.E.B.)
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
| | - Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ates O, Yesilbag K. Characterization of bovine rotavirus isolates from diarrheic calves in Türkiye. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3063-3071. [PMID: 36689052 PMCID: PMC9870195 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal calf diarrhea, which is the most common cause in calf deaths, leads to significant economic losses in dairy farming around the world. Diarrhea develops due to infectious and non-infectious reasons. Group A Rotaviruses (RVA) are the leading and predisposing factor for acute neonatal gastroenteritis. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, 20 diarrheic fecal samples were collected from one farm in Balıkesir province of Turkey. During virus isolation, a total of 2 stool samples were detected to produce cytopathogenic effects in MA-104 cell line. The two samples (RV-36, RV-38) were tested positive with antigen ELISA kits detecting RVA antigens. In order to detect the presence of rotavirus viral nucleic acid in cell supernatants, VP6 gene region-specific RT-PCR test was performed and the samples RV-36 and RV-38 were positive for RVA viral nucleic acid. By RT-PCR using genotype specific primers, both the isolates RV-36 and RV-38 formed amplicons compatible with G10 and P[11] genotypes of RVA. RVA nucleic acids segments were also visualized by poliacrilamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) method. The phylogenetic tree constructed according to the VP6 gene region showed that these isolates were in the Rotavirus A group and in the I2 cluster same as other bovine and some human RVA isolates. CONCLUSION Succesful isolation of RVA G10P[11] was echieved in the cattle farm. As rotaviruses play the most important role in the etiology of diarrhea in newborn calves respected genotype G10P[11] should be considered in selection of the vaccines applied to the dams. Those isolates can be further evaluated as vaccine candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozer Ates
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey ,Department of Laboratory Animals Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03204 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Kadir Yesilbag
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Omatola CA, Olaniran AO. Genetic heterogeneity of group A rotaviruses: a review of the evolutionary dynamics and implication on vaccination. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:1587-1602. [PMID: 36285575 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2139239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human rotavirus remains a major etiology of acute gastroenteritis among under 5-year children worldwide despite the availability of oral vaccines. The genetic instability of rotavirus and the ability to form different combinations from the different G- and P-types reshapes the antigenic landscape of emerging strains which often display limited or no antigen identities with the vaccine strain. As evidence also suggests, the selection of the antigenically distinct novel or rare strains and their successful spread in the human population has raised concerns regarding undermining the effectiveness of vaccination programs. AREAS COVERED We review aspects related to current knowledge about genetic and antigenic heterogeneity of rotavirus, the mechanism of genetic diversity and evolution, and the implication of genetic change on vaccination. EXPERT OPINION Genetic changes in the segmented genome of rotavirus can alter the antigenic landscape on the virion capsid and further promote viral fitness in a fully vaccinated population. Against this background, the potential risk of the appearance of new rotavirus strains over the long term would be better predicted by a continued and increased close monitoring of the variants across the globe to identify any change associated with disease dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius A Omatola
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, Republic of South Africa
| | - Ademola O Olaniran
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, Republic of South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sadiq A, Bostan N, Aziz A. Effect of rotavirus genetic diversity on vaccine impact. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2259. [PMID: 34997676 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are the leading cause of gastroenteritis, causing 0.2 million deaths and several million hospitalisations globally each year. Four rotavirus vaccines (RotarixTM , RotaTeqTM , Rotavac® and ROTASIIL® ) have been pre-qualified by the World Health Organization (WHO), but the two newly pre-qualified vaccines (Rotavac® and ROTASIIL® ) are currently only in use in Palestine and India, respectively. In 2009, WHO strongly proposed that rotavirus vaccines be included in the routine vaccination schedule of all countries around the world. By the end of 2019, a total of 108 countries had administered rotavirus vaccines, and 10 countries have currently been approved by Gavi for the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in the near future. With 39% of global coverage, rotavirus vaccines have had a substantial effect on diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in different geographical areas, although efficacy appears to be higher in high income settings. Due to the segmented RNA genome, the pattern of RVA genotypes in the human population is evolving through interspecies transmission and/or reassortment events for which the vaccine might be less effective in the future. However, despite the relative increase in some particular genotypes after rotavirus vaccine use, the overall efficacy of rotavirus mass vaccination worldwide has not been affected. Some of the challenges to improve the effect of current rotavirus vaccines can be solved in the future by new rotavirus vaccines and by vaccines currently in progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Sadiq
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Virology Laboratory, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Bostan
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Virology Laboratory, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Aziz
- Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Sarhad University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sadiq A, Bostan N, Bokhari H, Matthijnssens J, Yinda KC, Raza S, Nawaz T. Molecular characterization of human group A rotavirus genotypes circulating in Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Pakistan during 2015-2016. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220387. [PMID: 31361761 PMCID: PMC6667158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are one of the major causes of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in young children worldwide. Owing to lack of proper surveillance programs and health facilities, developing countries of Asia and Africa carry a disproportionately heavy share of the RVA disease burden. The aim of this hospital-based study was to investigate the circulation of RVA genotypes in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan in 2015 and 2016, prior to the implementation of RVA vaccine. 639 faecal samples collected from children under 10 years of age hospitalized with AGE were tested for RVA antigen by ELISA. Among 171 ELISA positive samples, 143 were successfully screened for RT-PCR and sequencing. The prevalence of RVA was found to be 26.8% with the highest frequency (34.9%) found among children of age group 6-11 months. The most predominant circulating genotypes were G3P[8] (22.4%) followed by G12P[6] (20.3%), G2P[4] (12.6%), G1P[8] (11.9%), G9P[6] (11.9%), G3P[4] (9.1%), G1P[6] (4.2%), G9P[8] (4.2%), and G3P[6] (0.7%). A single mixed genotype G1G3P[8] was also detected. The findings of this study provide baseline data, that will help to assess if future vaccination campaigns using currently available RVA vaccine will reduce RVA disease burden and instigate evolutionary changes in the overall RVA biology. The high prevalence of RVA infections in Pakistan require to improve and strengthen the surveillance and monitoring system for RVA. This will provide useful information for health authorities in planning public health care strategies to mitigate the disease burden caused by RVA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Sadiq
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University (CUI), Tarlai Kalan, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Bostan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University (CUI), Tarlai Kalan, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University (CUI), Tarlai Kalan, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kwe Claude Yinda
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Saqlain Raza
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University (CUI), Tarlai Kalan, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Nawaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University (CUI), Tarlai Kalan, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oem JK, Lee SY, Kim YS, Na EJ, Choi KS. Genetic characteristics and analysis of a novel rotavirus G3P[22] identified in diarrheic feces of Korean rabbit. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 73:368-377. [PMID: 31173932 PMCID: PMC7106088 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are important gastroenteric pathogens that infect humans and animals. This study aimed to analyze the complete genome sequence, i.e., 11 genome segments of the lapine rotavirus (LRV) identified in the intestine of a dead rabbit in the Republic of Korea (ROK) and to describe the genetic relationships between this lapine isolate [RVA/Rabbit-wt/KOR/Rab1404/2014/G3P[22] (Rab1404)] and other lapine isolates/strains. Rab1404 possessed the following genotype constellation: G3-P[22]-I2-R3-C3-M3-A9-N2-T3-E3-H3. The P[22] genotype was found to originate from rabbits and was for the first time identified in the ROK. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Rab1404 possessed VP1-3 and VP7 genes, which were closely related to those of the bat strain LZHP2; NSP1-4 genes, which were closely related to those of the simian strain RRV; and VP4, VP6, and NSP5 genes, which were closely related to the genes obtained from other rabbits. Interestingly, a close relationship between Rab1404 and simian RVA strain RVA/Simian-tc/USA/RRV/1975/G3P[3] for 8 gene segments was observed. RRV is believed to be a reassortant between bovine-like RVA strain and canine/feline RVA strains. Rab1404 and canine/feline RVAs shared the genes encoding VP1, VP3, VP7, NSP3, and NSP4. Additionally, the genome segments VP6 (I2), NSP1 (N2), and NSP5 (H3) of Rab1404 were closely related to those of bovine RVAs. This is the first report describing the complete genome sequence of an LRV detected in the ROK. These results indicate that Rab1404 could be a result of interspecies transmission, possibly through multiple reassortment events in the strains of various animal species and the subsequent transmission of the virus to a rabbit. Additional studies are required to determine the evolutionary source and to identify possible reservoirs of RVAs in nature. This is the first report to describe the complete genome sequence of a rabbit rotavirus (Rab1404) detected in the ROK. The 11 genome segments of Rab1404 were determined; G3-P[22]-I2-R3-C3-M3-A9-N2-T3-E3-H3. G3P[22] identified in this study is found to originate from rabbit and may have more species specificity. Rab1404 could be a result of multiple reassortment events from strains originating from various animal species and transmitted to the rabbit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ku Oem
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Young Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sik Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jee Na
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kozyra I, Kozyra J, Dors A, Rzeżutka A. Molecular chracterisation of porcine group A rotaviruses: Studies on the age-related occurrence and spatial distribution of circulating virus genotypes in Poland. Vet Microbiol 2019; 232:105-113. [PMID: 31030833 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Rotaviruses of group A (RVAs) commonly occur in farm animals. In pigs, they cause acute gastrointestinal disease which is considered as significant factor of economic losses in pig farming. The aim of the study was an assessment of the prevalence of rotavirus (RV) infections in farmed pigs in Poland, genotype identification of the virus strains in conjunction with their age-related occurrence and regional (province) distribution pattern in pig herds. In total, 920 pig faecal samples were collected from pigs between the ages of one week and two years old from 131 farms. RVAs were detected using ELISA and molecular methods followed by a sequence-based identification of G (VP7) and P (VP4) virus genotypes. RV antigen was found in 377 (41%) of pig faecal samples. The correlation between pig age and frequency of RV infections was shown. In the Polish pig population, 145 RVA strains representing 33 GP genotypes were identified. Subsequent molecular analysis revealed an age-dependent and regional diversity in distribution of genotypes and virus strains. Besides typical pig RVA strains, novel strains such as G5P [34], G9P[34], and human G1P[8] were identified in this animal host. Findings from this study showed a change over time in the genotype occurrence of circulating pig RVAs in Poland. The high genetic variability of RV strains and acquisition of new virus genotypes have led to the emergence of novel, genetically distinct RVAs. The changes in the genotype occurrence of RVA strains in pigs indicate the need for their continuous epidemiological surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kozyra
- Department of Food and Environmental Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kozyra
- Department of Bioeconomy and Systems Analysis, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Dors
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Artur Rzeżutka
- Department of Food and Environmental Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marinho ANR, Rocha DCC, Kanai YK, Alves CM, Costa DC, Sousa AH, Barros BCV, Bonfim MCMS, Mascarenhas JDP. Rotavirus analyses by SYBR Green real-time PCR and microbiological contamination in bivalves cultivated in coastal water of Amazonian Brazil. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2018; 16:970-979. [PMID: 30540271 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2018.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of mussels and oysters by viruses and bacteria is often associated with water contamination and gastroenteritis in humans. The present study evaluated viral and bacterial contamination in 380 samples, from nine mollusk-producing regions in coastal water north of the Brazilian Amazon. Rotavirus contamination was studied for groups A to H, using a two-step SYBR Green RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction), and bacterial families Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrionaceae, and Aeromonadaceae by classical and molecular methods. From the 19 pools analyzed, 26.3% (5/19) were positive for group A Rotavirus, I2 genotype for VP6 region, without amplifications for groups B-H. Bacteriological analysis identified Escherichia coli isolates in 89.5% (17/19) with identification of atypical enteropathogenic E. coli aEPEC in 10.5% (2/19), Salmonella (Groups C1 and G) (10.5%, 2/19), Vibrio alginolyticus (57.9%, 11/19) V. parahaemolyticus (63.2%, 12/19), V. fluvialis (42.1%, 8/19), V. vulnificus (10.5%, 2/19), V. cholerae non-O1, non O139(10.5%, 2/19) and Aeromonas salmonicida (52.6%, 10/19). All the samples investigated presented some level of contamination by enterobacteria, rotavirus, or both, and these results may reflect the level of contamination in the Northern Amazon Region, due to the natural maintenance of some of these agents or by the proximity with human populations and their sewer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A N R Marinho
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, IEC, BR-316 km 7, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil E-mail: ; Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR 316-KM 07, S/N, Levilandia, 67.030-000, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil
| | - D C C Rocha
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, IEC, BR-316 km 7, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Y K Kanai
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, IEC, BR-316 km 7, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil E-mail:
| | - C M Alves
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, IEC, BR-316 km 7, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil E-mail:
| | - D C Costa
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, IEC, BR-316 km 7, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil E-mail:
| | - A H Sousa
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, IEC, BR-316 km 7, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil E-mail:
| | - B C V Barros
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, IEC, BR-316 km 7, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil E-mail:
| | - M C M S Bonfim
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, IEC, BR-316 km 7, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil E-mail:
| | - J D P Mascarenhas
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, IEC, BR-316 km 7, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sadiq A, Bostan N, Yinda KC, Naseem S, Sattar S. Rotavirus: Genetics, pathogenesis and vaccine advances. Rev Med Virol 2018; 28:e2003. [PMID: 30156344 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery 40 years ago, rotavirus (RV) is considered to be a major cause of infant and childhood morbidity and mortality particularly in developing countries. Nearly every child in the world under 5 years of age is at the risk of RV infection. It is estimated that 90% of RV-associated mortalities occur in developing countries of Africa and Asia. Two live oral vaccines, RotaTeq (RV5, Merck) and Rotarix (RV1, GlaxoSmithKline) have been successfully deployed to scale down the disease burden in Europe and America, but they are less effective in Africa and Asia. In April 2009, the World Health Organization recommended the inclusion of RV vaccination in national immunization programs of all countries with great emphasis in developing countries. To date, 86 countries have included RV vaccines into their national immunization programs including 41 Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization eligible countries. The predominant RV genotypes circulating all over the world are G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], and G9P[8], while G12[P6] and G12[P8] are emerging genotypes. On account of the segmented genome, RV shows an enormous genetic diversity that leads to the evolution of new genotypes that can influence the efficacy of current vaccines. The current need is for a global RV surveillance program to monitor the prevalence and antigenic variability of new genotypes to formulate future vaccine development planning. In this review, we will summarize the previous and recent insights into RV structure, classification, and epidemiology and current status of RV vaccination around the globe and will also cover the status of RV research and vaccine policy in Pakistan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Sadiq
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Bostan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kwe Claude Yinda
- Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Saadia Naseem
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Sattar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mishra R, Yu X, Kishor C, Holloway G, Lau K, von Itzstein M, Coulson BS, Blanchard H. Specificity and affinity of neuraminic acid exhibited by canine rotavirus strain K9 carbohydrate-binding domain (VP8*). J Mol Recognit 2018; 31:e2718. [PMID: 29687510 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The outer capsid spike protein VP4 of rotaviruses is a major determinant of infectivity and serotype specificity. Proteolytic cleavage of VP4 into 2 domains, VP8* and VP5*, enhances rotaviral infectivity. Interactions between the VP4 carbohydrate-binding domain (VP8*) and cell surface glycoconjugates facilitate initial virus-cell attachment and subsequent cell entry. Our saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance (STD NMR) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies demonstrated that VP8*64-224 of canine rotavirus strain K9 interacts with N-acetylneuraminic and N-glycolylneuraminic acid derivatives, exhibiting comparable binding epitopes to VP8* from other neuraminidase-sensitive animal rotaviruses from pigs (CRW-8), cattle (bovine Nebraska calf diarrhoea virus, NCDV), and Rhesus monkeys (Simian rhesus rotavirus, RRV). Importantly, evidence was obtained for a preference by K9 rotavirus for the N-glycolyl- over the N-acetylneuraminic acid derivative. This indicates that a VP4 serotype 5A rotavirus (such as K9) can exhibit a neuraminic acid receptor preference that differs from that of a serotype 5B rotavirus (such as RRV) and the receptor preference of rotaviruses can vary within a particular VP4 genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mishra
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xing Yu
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chandan Kishor
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gavan Holloway
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kam Lau
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark von Itzstein
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Barbara S Coulson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Blanchard
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu M, Zhu Y, Cong F, Rao D, Yuan W, Wang J, Huang B, Lian Y, Zhang Y, Huang R, Guo P. Rapid detection of three rabbit pathogens by use of the Luminex x-TAG assay. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:127. [PMID: 29625588 PMCID: PMC5889542 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Domestic rabbits especially New Zealand white rabbits play an important role in biological research. The disease surveillance and quality control are essential to guarantee the results of animal experiments performed on rabbits. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, rabbit rotavirus and Sendai virus are the important pathogens that needed to be eliminated. Rapid and sensitive method focus on these three viruses should be established for routine monitoring. The Luminex x-TAG assay based on multiplex PCR and fluorescent microsphere is a fast developing technology applied in high throughput detection. Specific primers modified with oligonucleotide sequence/biotin were used to amplify target fragments. The conjugation between oligonucleotide sequence of the PCR products and the MagPlex-TAG microspheres was specific without any cross-reaction, and the hybridization products could be analyzed using the Luminex 200 analyzer instrument. Recombinant plasmids were constructed to estimate the detection limit of the viruses. Furthermore, 40 clinical samples were used to evaluate the efficiency of this multiplex PCR based Luminex x-TAG assay. Results According to the results, this new method showed high specificity and good stability. Assessed by the recombinant plasmids, the detection limit of three viruses was 100copies/μl. Among 40 clinical specimens, 18 specimens were found positive, which was completely concordant with the conventional PCR method. Conclusions The new developed Luminex x-TAG assay is an accurate, high throughput method for rapid detection of three important viruses of rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaoli Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China.,Guangdong Laboratory Animal Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujun Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory Animal Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Cong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China
| | - Dan Rao
- Guangdong Laboratory Animal Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China
| | - Bihong Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory Animal Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuexiao Lian
- Guangdong Laboratory Animal Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory Animal Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren Huang
- Guangdong laboratory animals monitoring institute, Guangzhou, 510633, China.
| | - Pengju Guo
- Guangdong key laboratory of laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xie X, Bil J, Shantz E, Hammermueller J, Nagy E, Turner PV. Prevalence of lapine rotavirus, astrovirus, and hepatitis E virus in Canadian domestic rabbit populations. Vet Microbiol 2017; 208:146-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
13
|
Bezerra DAM, Guerra SFS, Serra ACS, Fecury PCMS, Bandeira RS, Penha ET, Lobo PS, Sousa EC, Linhares AC, Soares LS, Mascarenhas JDP. Analysis of a genotype G3P[9] rotavirus a strain that shows evidence of multiple reassortment events between animal and human rotaviruses. J Med Virol 2016; 89:974-981. [PMID: 27862014 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The species A rotaviruses (RVA) are important gastroenteric pathogens that infect humans and animals. RVA genotype G3P[9] has been described in human-animal reassortment events, and the complexity of its hosts motivates the genetic investigation of this strain. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse a G3P[9] sample that was detected in a child with acute gastroenteritis. The 1A3739 sample featured the constellation G3P[9]-I18-R3-C3-Mx-A19-N3-T3-E3-H6. The sequence for VP3 gene was not obtained. The phylogeny showed a closer relationship among genes VP7, VP1, NSP3, NSP4, and NSP5 with genes of animal origin, such as chiropter, alpaca, equine, and simian. In addition, the genes VP6 and NSP1 belong to the new genotypes I18 and A19, respectively. The emergence of strains such as these can interfere with the effectiveness of the RVA vaccine, and continuous monitoring is therefore important. Additional studies are needed to determine the evolutionary source and to identify a possible reservoir of RVA in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delana A M Bezerra
- Postgraduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Sylvia F S Guerra
- Postgraduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ana C S Serra
- Postgraduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Renato S Bandeira
- Postgraduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo T Penha
- Postgraduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S Lobo
- Postgraduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo C Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Linhares
- Postgraduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luana S Soares
- Postgraduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Joana D P Mascarenhas
- Postgraduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Whole genome sequencing of a rare rotavirus from archived stool sample demonstrates independent zoonotic origin of human G8P[14] strains in Hungary. Virus Res 2016; 227:96-103. [PMID: 27671785 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Genotype P[14] rotaviruses in humans are thought to be zoonotic strains originating from bovine or ovine host species. Over the past 30 years only few genotype P[14] strains were identified in Hungary totaling<0.1% of all human rotaviruses whose genotype had been determined. In this study we report the genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of a human genotype G8P[14] strain, RVA/Human-wt/HUN/182-02/2001/G8P[14]. The whole genome constellation (G8-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3) of this strain was shared with another Hungarian zoonotic G8P[14] strain, RVA/Human-wt/HUN/BP1062/2004/G8P[14], although phylogenetic analyses revealed the two rotaviruses likely had different progenitors. Overall, our findings indicate that human G8P[14] rotavirus detected in Hungary in the past originated from independent zoonotic events. Further studies are needed to assess the public health risk associated with infections by various animal rotavirus strains.
Collapse
|
15
|
Li K, Lin XD, Huang KY, Zhang B, Shi M, Guo WP, Wang MR, Wang W, Xing JG, Li MH, Hong WS, Holmes EC, Zhang YZ. Identification of novel and diverse rotaviruses in rodents and insectivores, and evidence of cross-species transmission into humans. Virology 2016; 494:168-77. [PMID: 27115729 PMCID: PMC7173014 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Rotaviruses are an important cause of severe diarrheal illness in children globally. We characterized rotaviruses sampled in humans, insectivores (shrews) and rodents from urban and rural regions of Zhejiang province, China. Phylogenetic analyses revealed seven genotypic constellations of human rotaviruses with six different combinations of G and P genotypes – G3P[8] (50.06%), G9P[8] (36.16%), G1P[8] (8.92%), G2P[4] (4.63%), G3P[3] (0.12%), and G3P[9] (0.12%). In rodents and shrews sampled from the same locality we identified a novel genotype constellation (G32-P[46]-I24-R18-C17-M17-A28-N17-T19-E24-H19), a novel P genotype (P[45]), and two different AU-1-like rotaviruses associated with a G3P[3] genotype combination. Of particular note was a novel rotavirus from a human patient that was closely related to viruses sampled from rodents in the same region, indicative of a local species jump. In sum, these data are suggestive of the cross-species transmission of rodent rotaviruses into humans and for reassortment among human and animal rotaviruses. Rotaviruses are an important cause of severe diarrheal illness. Although rotaviruses are associated with a diverse range of animals, relatively little attention has been directed toward rotaviruses in rodents. However, as rodents often live in close proximity to humans and domestic animals, rodents may play an important role in the cross-species transmission of rotaviruses among animals and perhaps directly or indirectly to humans. Our data suggest the direct spill-over of rodent rotaviruses in human populations, as well as the reassortment between human and zoonotic rotaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xian-Dan Lin
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kai-Yu Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Mang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wen-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Miao-Ruo Wang
- Longquan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Longquan, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian-Guang Xing
- Wencheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wencheng, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wang-Sheng Hong
- Ruian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ruian, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Edward C Holmes
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|