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Guan D, Dave S, Ebrahim M, Laroche JA. Factors associated with childhood non-vaccination against COVID-19 in Canada: A national survey analysis. Vaccine X 2024; 18:100478. [PMID: 38572339 PMCID: PMC10988031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 vaccination efforts are critical in mitigating the impact of the virus, but despite proven safety and efficacy, vaccination rates among children in Canada are lower than in adults, prompting a need to explore determinants of childhood COVID-19 non-vaccination to improve uptake. Method This study analyzed data from the Canadian COVID-19 Immunization Coverage Survey 2022. Using multivariable logistic regression, it examined the association between COVID-19 non-vaccination among children aged 5-17 and factors such as parental sociodemographic characteristics, vaccine knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (KAB), and vaccination history. Results The analysis revealed that negative KAB towards vaccines, reflected in higher KAB composite scores, significantly increased the likelihood of non-vaccination. Additionally, factors such as lower household incomes, rural residence, employment in sectors not at risk for vaccine-preventable diseases, and younger parental age were associated with higher non-vaccination. The study also highlighted ethnic disparities in vaccination odds and found that children with incomplete routine vaccinations or inconsistent flu vaccination histories were more likely to be unvaccinated against COVID-19. Surprisingly, children of parents who consistently received flu vaccinations were more likely to be unvaccinated against COVID-19. Furthermore, parental education levels showed a complex relationship with children's COVID-19 vaccination status, indicating nuanced influences on vaccination decisions. Conclusion The findings offer vital insights into the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination uptake among children in Canada, suggesting avenues for targeted strategies to improve vaccine coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Guan
- Centre for Immunization Surveillance, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sailly Dave
- Centre for Immunization Surveillance, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marwa Ebrahim
- Centre for Immunization Surveillance, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie A. Laroche
- Centre for Immunization Surveillance, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Liao Y, Su J, Zhao J, Qin Z, Zhang Z, Gao W, Wan J, Liao Y, Zou X, He X. The effectiveness of booster vaccination of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines against susceptibility, infectiousness, and transmission of omicron BA.2 variant: a retrospective cohort study in Shenzhen, China. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359380. [PMID: 38881892 PMCID: PMC11176464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Little studies evaluated the effectiveness of booster vaccination of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines against being infected (susceptibility), infecting others (infectiousness), and spreading the disease from one to another (transmission). Therefore, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the effectiveness of booster vaccination of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines against susceptibility, infectiousness, and transmission in Shenzhen during an Omicron BA.2 outbreak period from 1 February to 21 April 2022. The eligible individuals were classified as four sub-cohorts according to the inactivated COVID-19 vaccination status of both the close contacts and their index cases: group 2-2, fully vaccinated close contacts seeded by fully vaccinated index cases (reference group); group 2-3, booster-vaccinated close contacts seeded by fully vaccinated index cases; group 3-2, fully vaccinated close contacts seeded by booster-vaccinated index cases; and group 3-3, booster-vaccinated close contacts seeded by booster-vaccinated index cases. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to estimate the effectiveness of booster vaccination. The sample sizes of groups 2-2, 2-3, 3-2, and 3-3 were 846, 1,115, 1,210, and 2,417, respectively. We found that booster vaccination had an effectiveness against infectiousness of 44.9% (95% CI: 19.7%, 62.2%) for the adults ≥ 18 years, 62.2% (95% CI: 32.0%, 78.9%) for the female close contacts, and 60.8% (95% CI: 38.5%, 75.1%) for the non-household close contacts. Moreover, booster vaccination had an effectiveness against transmission of 29.0% (95% CI: 3.2%, 47.9%) for the adults ≥ 18 years, 38.9% (95% CI: 3.3%, 61.3%) for the female close contacts, and 45.8% (95% CI: 22.1%, 62.3%) for the non-household close contacts. However, booster vaccination against susceptibility did not provide any protective effect. In summary, this study confirm that booster vaccination of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccines provides low level of protection and moderate level of protection against Omicron BA.2 transmission and infectiousness, respectively. However, booster vaccination does not provide any protection against Omicron BA.2 susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxue Liao
- Office of Emergency, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Su
- Department of Biochemistry, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Jieru Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Class of 2002 of the Department of Preventive Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Zhuo'Ao Zhang
- Class of 2002 of the Department of Preventive Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Office of Emergency, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Wan
- Office of Emergency, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Office of Emergency, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Office of Emergency, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofeng He
- Institute of Evidence-Based Medicine, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
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Horváth JK, Túri G, Krisztalovics K, Kristóf K, Oroszi B. Vaccine Effectiveness against GP-Attended Symptomatic COVID-19 and Hybrid Immunity among Adults in Hungary during the 2022-2023 Respiratory Season Dominated by Different SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:496. [PMID: 38793747 PMCID: PMC11125656 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hungary provides the opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in a setting where naturally acquired immunity and hybrid immunity are likely to play a greater role due to suboptimal vaccination coverage. METHODS A test-negative study was conducted during the 2022-2023 respiratory season at the primary care level to determine the effectiveness of at least one COVID-19 booster dose in preventing medically attended symptomatic RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults. Unvaccinated patients were used as a reference group. RESULTS A total of 247 cases and 1073 controls were included in the analysis. CVE was 56.8% (95% CI: 11.9-78.8%) in the population aged 60 years and older and 2.3% (95% CI: -50.0-36.3%) in the younger adults against COVID-19 caused by Omicron subvariants, mainly BA.5, BQ.1, and XBB.1. Self-reported COVID-19 in the 60-365 days prior to the current illness did not confer protection against reinfection without vaccination, but together with booster vaccination, it reduced the risk of COVID-19 by 63.0% (95% CI: -28.0-89.3%) and 87.6% (95% CI: 26.4-97.9%) among the 18-59 and 60+ age groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CVE against COVID-19 was moderately high in the 60+ age groups. Because of the benefit of hybrid immunity, persons with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection should still be considered for vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Krisztina Horváth
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (J.K.H.); (G.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Gergő Túri
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (J.K.H.); (G.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Katalin Krisztalovics
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (J.K.H.); (G.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Katalin Kristóf
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Beatrix Oroszi
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (J.K.H.); (G.T.); (K.K.)
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de Rioja VL, Basile L, Perramon-Malavez A, Martínez-Solanas É, López D, Medina Maestro S, Coma E, Fina F, Prats C, Mendioroz Peña J, Alvarez-Lacalle E. Severity of Omicron Subvariants and Vaccine Impact in Catalonia, Spain. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:466. [PMID: 38793717 PMCID: PMC11125683 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the current COVID-19 landscape dominated by Omicron subvariants, understanding the timing and efficacy of vaccination against emergent lineages is crucial for planning future vaccination campaigns, yet detailed studies stratified by subvariant, vaccination timing, and age groups are scarce. This retrospective study analyzed COVID-19 cases from December 2021 to January 2023 in Catalonia, Spain, focusing on vulnerable populations affected by variants BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, and BQ.1 and including two national booster campaigns. Our database includes detailed information such as dates of diagnosis, hospitalization and death, last vaccination, and cause of death, among others. We evaluated the impact of vaccination on disease severity by age, variant, and vaccination status, finding that recent vaccination significantly mitigated severity across all Omicron subvariants, although efficacy waned six months post-vaccination, except for BQ.1, which showed more stable levels. Unvaccinated individuals had higher hospitalization and mortality rates. Our results highlight the importance of periodic vaccination to reduce severe outcomes, which are influenced by variant and vaccination timing. Although the seasonality of COVID-19 is uncertain, our analysis suggests the potential benefit of annual vaccination in populations >60 years old, probably in early fall, if COVID-19 eventually exhibits a major peak similar to other respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor López de Rioja
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain; (A.P.-M.); (C.P.); (E.A.-L.)
| | - Luca Basile
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Department of Health, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (S.M.M.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Aida Perramon-Malavez
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain; (A.P.-M.); (C.P.); (E.A.-L.)
| | | | - Daniel López
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain; (A.P.-M.); (C.P.); (E.A.-L.)
| | - Sergio Medina Maestro
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Department of Health, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (S.M.M.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Ermengol Coma
- Primary Care Services Information System (SISAP), Institut Català de la Salut, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (E.C.)
| | - Francesc Fina
- Primary Care Services Information System (SISAP), Institut Català de la Salut, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (E.C.)
| | - Clara Prats
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain; (A.P.-M.); (C.P.); (E.A.-L.)
| | - Jacobo Mendioroz Peña
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Department of Health, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (S.M.M.); (J.M.P.)
- University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Enric Alvarez-Lacalle
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain; (A.P.-M.); (C.P.); (E.A.-L.)
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Durier C, Ninove L, van der Werf S, Lefebvre M, Desaint C, Bauer R, Attia M, Lecompte AS, Lachatre M, Maakaroun-Vermesse Z, Nicolas JF, Verdon R, Kiladjian JJ, Loubet P, Schmidt-Mutter C, Corbin V, Ansart S, Melica G, Resch M, Netzer E, Kherabi Y, Tardieu R, Lelièvre JD, Tartour E, Meyer L, de Lamballerie X, Launay O. Incidence of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine symptomatic breakthrough infections during Omicron circulation in adults with or without infection prior to vaccination. Infect Dis Now 2024; 54:104886. [PMID: 38494117 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections were frequently reported during circulation of the Omicron variant. The ANRS|MIE CoviCompareP study investigated these infections in adults vaccinated and boosted with BNT162b2 [Pfizer-BioNTech] and with/without SARS-CoV-2 infection before vaccination. METHODS In the first half of 2021, healthy adults (aged 18-45, 65-74 and 75 or older) received either one dose of BNT162b2 (n = 120) if they had a documented history of SARS-CoV-2 infection at least five months previously, or two doses (n = 147) if they had no history confirmed by negative serological tests. A first booster dose was administered at least 6 months after the primary vaccination, and a second booster dose, if any, was reported in the database. Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the European (D614G) strain and the Omicron BA.1 variant were assessed up to 28 days after the first booster dose. A case-control analysis was performed for the 252 participants who were followed up in 2022, during the Omicron waves. RESULTS From January to October 2022, 78/252 (31%) had a documented symptomatic breakthrough infection after full vaccination: 21/117 (18%) in those who had been infected before vaccination vs. 57/135 (42%) in those who had not. In a multivariate logistic regression model, factors associated with a lower risk of breakthrough infection were older age, a higher number of booster doses, and higher levels of Omicron BA.1 NAb titers in adults with infection before vaccination, but not in those without prior infection. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the need to consider immune markers of protection in association with infection and vaccination history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laetitia Ninove
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR 3569 CNRS, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Centre National de Référence Virus des Infections Respiratoires, Paris, France
| | - Maeva Lefebvre
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre de prévention des maladies infectieuses et transmissibles CHU de Nantes - CIC1413 Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Corinne Desaint
- INSERM US19, Villejuif, France; INSERM CIC 1417 Cochin Pasteur, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Mikael Attia
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR 3569 CNRS, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Centre National de Référence Virus des Infections Respiratoires, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Lecompte
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre de prévention des maladies infectieuses et transmissibles CHU de Nantes - CIC1413 Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Lachatre
- INSERM CIC 1417 Cochin Pasteur, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Zoha Maakaroun-Vermesse
- Centre de Vaccination CHU de Tours, Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC 1415, INSERM, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jean-François Nicolas
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France; CHU Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Renaud Verdon
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Caen, Dynamicure INSERM, UMR 1311, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Kiladjian
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques, INSERM, CIC1427, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Paul Loubet
- VBMI, INSERM U1047, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Université de Montpellier, CHU Nîmes, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Violaine Corbin
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM CIC1405, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Giovanna Melica
- Service d'Immunologie Clinique et Maladies Infectieuses, APHP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, INSERM CIC 1430, Créteil, France
| | | | | | - Yousra Kherabi
- INSERM CIC 1417 Cochin Pasteur, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Eric Tartour
- APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, INSERM U970, PARCC, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Meyer
- INSERM US19, Villejuif, France; INSERM, CESP U1018, Université Paris Saclay, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Odile Launay
- INSERM CIC 1417 Cochin Pasteur, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Lanièce Delaunay C, Martínez-Baz I, Sève N, Domegan L, Mazagatos C, Buda S, Meijer A, Kislaya I, Pascu C, Carnahan A, Oroszi B, Ilić M, Maurel M, Melo A, Sandonis Martín V, Trobajo-Sanmartín C, Enouf V, McKenna A, Pérez-Gimeno G, Goerlitz L, de Lange M, Rodrigues AP, Lazar M, Latorre-Margalef N, Túri G, Castilla J, Falchi A, Bennett C, Gallardo V, Dürrwald R, Eggink D, Guiomar R, Popescu R, Riess M, Horváth JK, Casado I, García MDC, Hooiveld M, Machado A, Bacci S, Kaczmarek M, Kissling E. COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 BA.1/BA.2 lineages among adults and adolescents in a multicentre primary care study, Europe, December 2021 to June 2022. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2300403. [PMID: 38551095 PMCID: PMC10979526 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.13.2300403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BackgroundScarce European data in early 2021 suggested lower vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages than previous variants.AimWe aimed to estimate primary series (PS) and first booster VE against symptomatic BA.1/BA.2 infection and investigate potential biases.MethodsThis European test-negative multicentre study tested primary care patients with acute respiratory symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 in the BA.1/BA.2-dominant period. We estimated PS and booster VE among adults and adolescents (PS only) for all products combined and for Comirnaty alone, by time since vaccination, age and chronic condition. We investigated potential bias due to correlation between COVID-19 and influenza vaccination and explored effect modification and confounding by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.ResultsAmong adults, PS VE was 37% (95% CI: 24-47%) overall and 60% (95% CI: 44-72%), 43% (95% CI: 26-55%) and 29% (95% CI: 13-43%) < 90, 90-179 and ≥ 180 days post vaccination, respectively. Booster VE was 42% (95% CI: 32-51%) overall and 56% (95% CI: 47-64%), 22% (95% CI: 2-38%) and 3% (95% CI: -78% to 48%), respectively. Primary series VE was similar among adolescents. Restricting analyses to Comirnaty had little impact. Vaccine effectiveness was higher among older adults. There was no signal of bias due to correlation between COVID-19 and influenza vaccination. Confounding by previous infection was low, but sample size precluded definite assessment of effect modification.ConclusionPrimary series and booster VE against symptomatic infection with BA.1/BA.2 ranged from 37% to 42%, with similar waning post vaccination. Comprehensive data on previous SARS-CoV-2 infection would help disentangle vaccine- and infection-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Martínez-Baz
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noémie Sève
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris, France
| | - Lisa Domegan
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clara Mazagatos
- National Centre of Epidemiology, CIBERESP, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silke Buda
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Respiratory Infections Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adam Meijer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Irina Kislaya
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catalina Pascu
- Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Beatrix Oroszi
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maja Ilić
- Croatian Institute of Public Health (CIPH), Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Aryse Melo
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincent Enouf
- Institut Pasteur, Pasteur International Bioresources network (PIBnet), Plateforme de Microbiologie Mutualisée (P2M), Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de Référence Virus des Infections Respiratoires (CNR VIR), Paris, France
| | - Adele McKenna
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gloria Pérez-Gimeno
- National Centre of Epidemiology, CIBERESP, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luise Goerlitz
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Respiratory Infections Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marit de Lange
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mihaela Lazar
- Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Gergő Túri
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Charlene Bennett
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Virtudes Gallardo
- Dirección General de Salud Pública y Ordenación Farmacéutica, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ralf Dürrwald
- National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Eggink
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Raquel Guiomar
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Judit Krisztina Horváth
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Itziar Casado
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Del Carmen García
- Subdirección de Epidemiología, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Servicio Extremeño de Salud, Mérida, Spain
| | | | - Ausenda Machado
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sabrina Bacci
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marlena Kaczmarek
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Cheng MQ, Weng ZY, Li R, Song G. Efficacy of adjuvant-associated COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in randomized controlled trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e35201. [PMID: 38363919 PMCID: PMC10869057 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvants may enhance the efficacy of vaccines. however, the efficacy of adjuvant-associated COVID-19 vaccines (ACVs) remains unclear since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to address this gap by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of ACVs against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 CoV (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOC). METHODS A systematic search was conducted of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the vaccine efficacy (VE) of ACVs against VOC (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, or Omicron), up to May 27, 2023. The DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model was used to assess VE with 95% confidence intervals (CI) through meta-analysis. Cochrane Risk of Bias tools were used to assess the risk of bias in RCTs. RESULTS Eight RCTs with 113,202 participants were included in the analysis, which incorporated 4 ACVs [Matrix-M (NVX-CoV2373), Alum (BBV152), CpG-1018/Alum (SCB-2019), and AS03 (CoVLP]). The pooled efficacy of full vaccination with ACVs against VOC was 88.0% (95% CI: 83.0-91.5). Full vaccination was effective against Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Gamma variants, with VE values of 93.66% (95% CI: 86.5-100.74), 64.70% (95% CI: 41.87-87.54), 75.95% (95% CI: 67.9-83.99), and 91.26% (95% CI: 84.35-98.17), respectively. Currently, there is a lack of RCT evidence regarding the efficacy of ACVs against the Omicron variant. CONCLUSION In this meta-analysis, it should be that full vaccination with ACVs has high efficacy against Alpha or Gamma variants and moderate efficacy against Beta and Delta variants. Notably, with the exception of the aluminum-adjuvanted vaccine, the other ACVs had moderate to high efficacy against the SARS-CoV-2 variant. This raises concerns about the effectiveness of ACVs booster vaccinations against Omicron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-qun Cheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Pu’er People’s Hospital, Pu’er, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Weng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Pu’er People’s Hospital, Pu’er, China
| | - Gao Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The Pu’er People’s Hospital, Pu’er, China
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Montero DA, Vidal RM, Velasco J, Carreño LJ, Torres JP, Benachi O. MA, Tovar-Rosero YY, Oñate AA, O'Ryan M. Two centuries of vaccination: historical and conceptual approach and future perspectives. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1326154. [PMID: 38264254 PMCID: PMC10803505 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1326154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past two centuries, vaccines have been critical for the prevention of infectious diseases and are considered milestones in the medical and public health history. The World Health Organization estimates that vaccination currently prevents approximately 3.5-5 million deaths annually, attributed to diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, influenza, and measles. Vaccination has been instrumental in eradicating important pathogens, including the smallpox virus and wild poliovirus types 2 and 3. This narrative review offers a detailed journey through the history and advancements in vaccinology, tailored for healthcare workers. It traces pivotal milestones, beginning with the variolation practices in the early 17th century, the development of the first smallpox vaccine, and the continuous evolution and innovation in vaccine development up to the present day. We also briefly review immunological principles underlying vaccination, as well as the main vaccine types, with a special mention of the recently introduced mRNA vaccine technology. Additionally, we discuss the broad benefits of vaccines, including their role in reducing morbidity and mortality, and in fostering socioeconomic development in communities. Finally, we address the issue of vaccine hesitancy and discuss effective strategies to promote vaccine acceptance. Research, collaboration, and the widespread acceptance and use of vaccines are imperative for the continued success of vaccination programs in controlling and ultimately eradicating infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Montero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto M. Vidal
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juliana Velasco
- Unidad de Paciente Crítico, Clínica Hospital del Profesor, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Formación de Especialista en Medicina de Urgencia, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leandro J. Carreño
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan P. Torres
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Pediátrica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel A. Benachi O.
- Área de Biotecnología, Tecnoacademia Neiva, Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje, Regional Huila, Neiva, Colombia
| | - Yenifer-Yadira Tovar-Rosero
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Angel A. Oñate
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Miguel O'Ryan
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Kassianos G, MacDonald P, Aloysius I, Pather S. Responses to Common Misconceptions Relating to COVID-19 Variant-Adapted mRNA Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:57. [PMID: 38250870 PMCID: PMC10819631 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the waning of immunity over time has necessitated the use of booster doses of original coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. This has also led to the development and implementation of variant-adapted messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines that include an Omicron sub-lineage component in addition to the antigen based on the wild-type virus spike protein. Subsequent emergence of the recombinant XBB sub-lineages triggered the development of monovalent XBB-based variant-adapted mRNA vaccines, which are available for vaccination campaigns in late 2023. Misconceptions about new variant-adapted vaccines may exacerbate vaccine fatigue and drive the lack of vaccine acceptance. This article aims to address common concerns about the development and use of COVID-19 variant-adapted mRNA vaccines that have emerged as SARS-CoV-2 has continued to evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kassianos
- Royal College of General Practitioners, London NW1 2FB, UK;
- British Global and Travel Health Association, London NW1 2FB, UK
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10
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Rahman MO, Kamigaki T, Thandar MM, Haruyama R, Yan F, Shibamura-Fujiogi M, Khin Maung Soe J, Islam MR, Yoneoka D, Miyahara R, Ota E, Suzuki M. Protection of the third-dose and fourth-dose mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076892. [PMID: 38128943 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has raised concerns regarding waning vaccine-induced immunity and durability. We evaluated protection of the third-dose and fourth-dose mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant and its sublineages. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases and other resources (PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, CINAHL PLUS, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, MedRxiv and bioRxiv) were searched until December 2022. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included studies that assessed the effectiveness of mRNA vaccine booster doses against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes caused by the subvariant. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Estimates of vaccine effectiveness (VE) at different time points after the third-dose and fourth-dose vaccination were extracted. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to compare VE of the third dose versus the primary series, no vaccination and the fourth dose at different time points. The certainty of the evidence was assessed by Grading of Recommendations, Assessments, Development and Evaluation approach. RESULTS This review included 50 studies. The third-dose VE, compared with the primary series, against SARS-CoV-2 infection was 48.86% (95% CI 44.90% to 52.82%, low certainty) at ≥14 days, and gradually decreased to 38.01% (95% CI 13.90% to 62.13%, very low certainty) at ≥90 days after the third-dose vaccination. The fourth-dose VE peaked at 14-30 days (56.70% (95% CI 50.36% to 63.04%), moderate certainty), then quickly declined at 61-90 days (22% (95% CI 6.40% to 37.60%), low certainty). Compared with no vaccination, the third-dose VE was 75.84% (95% CI 40.56% to 111.12%, low certainty) against BA.1 infection, and 70.41% (95% CI 49.94% to 90.88%, low certainty) against BA.2 infection at ≥7 days after the third-dose vaccination. The third-dose VE against hospitalisation remained stable over time and maintained 79.30% (95% CI 58.65% to 99.94%, moderate certainty) at 91-120 days. The fourth-dose VE up to 60 days was 67.54% (95% CI 59.76% to 75.33%, moderate certainty) for hospitalisation and 77.88% (95% CI 72.55% to 83.21%, moderate certainty) for death. CONCLUSION The boosters provided substantial protection against severe COVID-19 outcomes for at least 6 months, although the duration of protection remains uncertain, suggesting the need for a booster dose within 6 months of the third-dose or fourth-dose vaccination. However, the certainty of evidence in our VE estimates varied from very low to moderate, indicating significant heterogeneity among studies that should be considered when interpreting the findings for public health policies. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023376698.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Obaidur Rahman
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Kamigaki
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moe Moe Thandar
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Haruyama
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fangyu Yan
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Shibamura-Fujiogi
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - July Khin Maung Soe
- Graduate School of Public Health, St Luke's International University, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Daisuke Yoneoka
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Miyahara
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erika Ota
- Graduate School of Nursing Science, Department of Global Health Nursing, St Luke's International University, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoi Suzuki
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Wang B, McDonough J, Chen G, Ong JJ, Marshall H. Sociodemographic factors and attitudes associated with Australian parental acceptance of paediatric COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccine 2023; 41:7608-7617. [PMID: 37996291 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 vaccine coverage among children in countries where COVID-19 vaccines are recommended has been suboptimal. Conflicting information in the media leads to parental anxiety and confusion around COVID-19 vaccination in children. The scepticism expressed by certain experts regarding the importance of COVID-19 vaccines in children has also had a negative impact on parental attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. This study aimed to understand parental concerns and preferences for paediatric COVID-19 vaccination, and identify potential vaccination promotion ("nudge") interventions to optimise paediatric COVID-19 vaccine uptake. METHODS Mixed methods including Focus Group Discussions and a Discrete Choice Experiment survey were used. The Discrete Choice Experiment survey design was based on a literature review and the findings of Focus Group Discussions. The study was conducted on a nationally representative sample of parents in Australia. RESULTS In total, 1039 parents participated in the study. Parents showed strong preferences for a COVID-19 vaccine with lower risk of serious side effects and longer protection duration, followed by higher vaccine effectiveness and delivery via oral tablets. Promotion strategies were similarly preferred by parents. Latent class logit analysis identified three groups, interpretable as COVID-19 vaccine "accepters (35.3%)", "deliberators (31.7%)", and "rejecters (33.1%)". The "deliberators" composed of more parents, residing in metropolitan areas, having concerns about vaccine effectiveness, and believing that disease risks outweigh vaccine benefits than the "accepters". The "rejecters" were more likely to not be vaccinated themselves, and generally have less trust in vaccines than the "accepters". The "deliberators" and "rejecters" were less likely to be parents aged ≥25 years and complete final year of high school than the "accepters". CONCLUSIONS Parents' sociodemographic factors and vaccine perceptions were associated with different levels of acceptance toward paediatric COVID-19 vaccination, which may help to better understand how to "nudge" vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Joshua McDonough
- Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gang Chen
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason J Ong
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Marshall
- Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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12
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Plans-Rubió P. Effectiveness of Adapted COVID-19 Vaccines and Ability to Establish Herd Immunity against Omicron BA.1 and BA4-5 Variants of SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1836. [PMID: 38140240 PMCID: PMC10747774 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants has raised concerns about the ability of COVID-19 vaccination programs to establish adequate herd immunity levels in the population. This study assessed the effectiveness of adapted vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and the ability of the adapted vaccines to establish herd immunity against emerging Omicron variants. A systematic literature review was conducted to estimate the absolute vaccine effectiveness (aVE) in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection using adapted vaccines targeting Omicron variants. The ability of the adapted vaccines to establish herd immunity was assessed by taking into account the following factors: aVE, Ro values of SARS-CoV-2 and the use of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs). This study found meta-analysis-based aVEs in preventing severe disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection of 56-60% and 36-39%, respectively. Adapted vaccines could not establish herd immunity against the Omicron BA.1 and BA.4-5 variants without using non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs). The adapted vaccines could establish herd immunity only by achieving >80% vaccination coverage, using NPIs with greater effectiveness and when 20-30% of individuals were already protected against SARS-CoV-2 in the population. New adapted COVID-19 vaccines with greater effectiveness in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection must be developed to increase herd immunity levels against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Plans-Rubió
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Department of Health of Catalonia, 08005 Barcelona, Spain;
- Ciber of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28028 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Młoźniak I, Zwierczyk U, Rzepecka E, Kobryn M, Wilk M, Duplaga M. Manifestation of Health Denialism in Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccination: A Qualitative Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1822. [PMID: 38140226 PMCID: PMC10747861 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Science denialism is characterized by the refusal to accept existing consensus and available evidence. Typical strategies denialists employ include spreading conspiracies, selective use of information, relying on fake experts, or general fallacies in logic. A flood of misinformation, fake news, and conspiracy theories accompanied the COVID-19 pandemic. Simultaneously, it was a subject of many denialistic opinions, from denying the existence of the epidemic challenge to claims that questioned the safety and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines. This study's main aim was to assess the manifestations of denialism in attitudes toward the preventive measures recommended during the pandemic, with a special focus on vaccination. In-depth interviews were conducted with fifty representatives of the general population, demonstrating diversified opinions about COVID-19 vaccines and other preventive behaviors. The interviews were performed face to face in participants' houses or at other places they identified as convenient. Some of the interviewees preferred to do the interview via teleconference. The interviews were carried out from November 2022 to March 2023. The interviewees were recruited initially by convenience, and in further stages, the snowball technique was used. The interviewees were residents of four main administrative districts in Poland. Out of 50 participants, 26 were males, 29 were between 18-40, 16 were inhabitants of rural areas, and 28 had a university level of education. The interviews were based on a semi-structured guide that addressed, in addition to views about the origin of the new coronavirus, respondents' attitudes toward vaccination and sanitary recommendation, the health status of interviewees, their use of healthcare services, and their health behaviors. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed with MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2022 software (Release 22.7.0). Thematic analysis (TA) was applied to the content generated from the interviews. Based on the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine, the participants were divided into three groups: unvaccinated, hesitant, and vaccinated (18, 4, and 28 interviewees, respectively). The main themes were established based on the TA of the interviews: attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination, perception of sources of information, and the origin of the new coronavirus. The first theme decidedly drew the greatest attention of the interviewees. There was also a clear relationship between vaccination status and the presence of denialist thinking among interviewees. Interestingly, the role of experts as a key source of information about the pandemic was underlined by study participants. However, the criteria for being an expert differed. The subject of the origin of a new coronavirus was not interesting to interviewees. The analysis of the adherence to preventive measures revealed an interplay of diversified attitudes and motivations. Individuals presenting denialist views most frequently abstained from COVID-19 vaccination. However, such views were also present among those who hesitated or even among those who had been vaccinated. Furthermore, denialism was only one of the determinants of adherence to preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Młoźniak
- Department of Health Promotion and e-Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; (I.M.); (U.Z.); (M.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Urszula Zwierczyk
- Department of Health Promotion and e-Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; (I.M.); (U.Z.); (M.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Elżbieta Rzepecka
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Kobryn
- Department of Health Promotion and e-Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; (I.M.); (U.Z.); (M.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Marta Wilk
- Department of Health Promotion and e-Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; (I.M.); (U.Z.); (M.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Mariusz Duplaga
- Department of Health Promotion and e-Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; (I.M.); (U.Z.); (M.K.); (M.W.)
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14
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Kotronia E, Rosinska M, Stepien M, Czerwinski M, Sadkowska-Todys M. Willingness to vaccinate among adults, and factors associated with vaccine acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines in a nationwide study in Poland between March 2021 and April 2022. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1235585. [PMID: 38111477 PMCID: PMC10726053 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1235585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the availability, safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, Poland remains one of the six countries of the European Union with the lowest cumulative uptake of the vaccine's primary course in the general population. This study examined willingness to vaccinate and the associated factors in samples of unvaccinated and vaccinated adults between March 2021 and April 2022. Methods Data were collected using OBSER-CO, a nationwide, repeated cross-sectional study, conducted at four different time points (rounds). Data on willingness to vaccinate among the unvaccinated (at all rounds) and willingness to receive another dose in the vaccinated (at 2 rounds-after booster introduction), reasons for reluctance, sociodemographic, health, and behavioral factors were collected using a uniform questionnaire via computer-assisted telephone interviewing. In each round, more than 20,000 respondents were interviewed. To assess associations between factors and willingness to vaccinate, separate multivariable logistic regression models were fitted for each factor at each round and adjusted for confounders. Results Between rounds 1 and 4 (March 2021-April 2022), in the unvaccinated, willingness to vaccinate declined from 73 to 12%, whereas in the vaccinated, willingness to receive another dose declined from 90 to 53%. The highest magnitude of decline between subsequent rounds occurred during the Omicron wave. Overall, concerns about side effects, effectiveness, and vaccine adverse effects were common but decreased over time. Age, gender, employment, place of residence, COVID-19 diagnosis or exposure, hospitalization, and participation in social activities were among the factors associated with willingness. However, associations changed over rounds highlighting the influence of different pandemic waves and variants. Conclusion We observed a declining and multifactorial willingness to vaccinate in Poland, with vaccine attitudes dynamically changing across subsequent rounds. To address vaccine concerns, sustained health communication about COVID-19 vaccines is essential, especially after the emergence of new variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftychia Kotronia
- Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- ECDC Fellowship Programme, Field Epidemiology Path (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Rosinska
- Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Stepien
- Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Czerwinski
- Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Sadkowska-Todys
- Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Shaw RH. Nasally delivered SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: future promise and challenges. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2023; 11:1038-1039. [PMID: 37979589 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(23)00383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Shaw
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
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16
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Kopel H, Nguyen VH, Boileau C, Bogdanov A, Winer I, Ducruet T, Zeng N, Bonafede M, Esposito DB, Martin D, Rosen A, Van de Velde N, Vermund SH, Gravenstein S, Mansi JA. Comparative Effectiveness of Bivalent (Original/Omicron BA.4/BA.5) COVID-19 Vaccines in Adults. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1711. [PMID: 38006043 PMCID: PMC10675676 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Omicron variants coincided with declining vaccine-induced protection against SARS-CoV-2. Two bivalent mRNA vaccines, mRNA-1273.222 (Moderna) and BNT162b2 Bivalent (Pfizer-BioNTech), were developed to provide greater protection against the predominate circulating variants by including mRNA that encodes both the ancestral (original) strain and BA.4/BA.5. We estimated their relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) in preventing COVID-19-related outcomes in the US using a nationwide dataset linking primary care electronic health records and pharmacy/medical claims data. The study population (aged ≥18 years) received either vaccine between 31 August 2022 and 28 February 2023. We used propensity score weighting to adjust for baseline differences between groups. We estimated the rVE against COVID-19-related hospitalizations (primary outcome) and outpatient visits (secondary) for 1,034,538 mRNA-1273.222 and 1,670,666 BNT162b2 Bivalent vaccine recipients, with an adjusted rVE of 9.8% (95% confidence interval: 2.6-16.4%) and 5.1% (95% CI: 3.2-6.9%), respectively, for mRNA-1273.222 versus BNT162b2 Bivalent. The incremental relative effectiveness was greater among adults ≥ 65; the rVE against COVID-19-related hospitalizations and outpatient visits in these patients was 13.5% (95% CI: 5.5-20.8%) and 10.7% (8.2-13.1%), respectively. Overall, we found greater effectiveness of mRNA-1273.222 compared with the BNT162b2 Bivalent vaccine in preventing COVID-19-related hospitalizations and outpatient visits, with increased benefits in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Kopel
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (D.B.E.); (A.R.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ni Zeng
- Veradigm, Chicago, IL 60654, USA
| | | | | | - David Martin
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (D.B.E.); (A.R.)
| | - Andrew Rosen
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (D.B.E.); (A.R.)
| | | | - Sten H. Vermund
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Stefan Gravenstein
- Alpert Medical School and School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - James A. Mansi
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (D.B.E.); (A.R.)
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17
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Drummond PD, de Salles DB, de Souza NSH, Oliveira DCR, Guidoni DL, de Souza FSH. Profile and Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients during the Prevalence of the Omicron Variant According to the Brazilian Regions: A Retrospective Cohort Study from 2022. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1568. [PMID: 37896971 PMCID: PMC10610688 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the clinical-epidemiological profile and outcomes of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in 2022, during the Omicron variant/subvariant prevalence, in different Brazilian regions to identify the most vulnerable subgroups requiring special attention. Data from COVID-19 patients were extracted from the national Information System for Epidemiological Surveillance of Influenza (SIVEP-Gripe database), and analyses stratified by region and age group were conducted. The constructed dataset encompassed clinical-epidemiological information, intensive care unit admission, invasive and non-invasive ventilation requirements, vaccination status, and evolution (cure or death). It was observed that there were significant differences in the vaccination rates between regions, in the occurrence of unfavorable outcomes, and in the pattern of comorbidities in young patients. The north region had higher rates of unvaccinated patients and a lower percentage of those vaccinated with three doses in all age groups compared to other regions. The northeast region had the highest rates of patients admitted to the ICU for all age groups, while the north and northeast were the most affected by IMV requirements and in-hospital death in all age groups. This study showed that extended vaccination coverage, especially booster doses, can protect different population segments from developing severe disease since lower vaccination coverage was observed in regions with higher fatality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Dutra Drummond
- Department of Computing, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro Campus, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bortot de Salles
- Department of Computing, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro Campus, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Natália Satchiko Hojo de Souza
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation—Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniela Carine Ramires Oliveira
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Praça Frei Orlando 170, São João del Rei 36307-352, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ludovico Guidoni
- Department of Computing, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro Campus, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sumika Hojo de Souza
- Department of Computing, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro Campus, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil
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18
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Nicolai E, Tomassetti F, Pelagalli M, Sarubbi S, Minieri M, Nisini A, Nuccetelli M, Ciotti M, Pieri M, Bernardini S. The Antibodies' Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: 1-Year Follow Up. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2661. [PMID: 37893035 PMCID: PMC10604657 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of vaccines has allowed the containment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at a global level. The present work aims to add data on vaccination by evaluating the level of neutralizing antibodies in individuals who have received a three-vaccination series. For this purpose, we ran a surveillance program directed at measuring the level of IgG Abs against the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and surrogate virus neutralizing Ab (sVNT) anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the serum of individuals undergoing vaccination. This study was performed on employees from the University of Rome Tor Vergata and healthcare workers from the University Hospital who received the Vaxzevria vaccine (n = 56) and Comirnaty vaccine (n = 113), respectively. After the second dose, an increase in both RBD and sVNT Ab values was registered. In individuals who received the Comirnaty vaccine, the antibody titer was about one order of magnitude higher after 6 months from the first dose. All participants in this study received the Comirnaty vaccine as the third dose, which boosted the antibody response. Five months after the third dose, nearly one year from the first injection, the antibody level was >1000 BAU/mL (binding antibody units/mL). According to the values reported in the literature conferring protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, our data indicate that individuals undergoing three vaccine doses present a low risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Flaminia Tomassetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Martina Pelagalli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Serena Sarubbi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Marilena Minieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alberto Nisini
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marzia Nuccetelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Ciotti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Virology Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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Rzymski P, Pokorska-Śpiewak M, Jackowska T, Kuchar E, Nitsch-Osuch A, Pawłowska M, Babicki M, Jaroszewicz J, Szenborn L, Wysocki J, Flisiak R. Key Considerations during the Transition from the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1502. [PMID: 37766178 PMCID: PMC10537111 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been met with an unprecedented response from the scientific community, leading to the development, investigation, and authorization of vaccines and antivirals, ultimately reducing the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on global public health. However, SARS-CoV-2 is far from being eradicated, continues to evolve, and causes substantial health and economic burdens. In this narrative review, we posit essential points on SARS-CoV-2 and its responsible management during the transition from the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. As discussed, despite Omicron (sub)variant(s) causing clinically milder infections, SARS-CoV-2 is far from being a negligible pathogen. It requires continued genomic surveillance, particularly if one considers that its future (sub)lineages do not necessarily have to be milder. Antivirals and vaccines remain the essential elements in COVID-19 management. However, the former could benefit from further development and improvements in dosing, while the seasonal administration of the latter requires simplification to increase interest and tackle vaccine hesitancy. It is also essential to ensure the accessibility of COVID-19 pharmaceuticals and vaccines in low-income countries and improve the understanding of their use in the context of the long-term goals of SARS-CoV-2 management. Regardless of location, the primary role of COVID-19 awareness and education must be played by healthcare workers, who directly communicate with patients and serve as role models for healthy behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Pokorska-Śpiewak
- Department of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Teresa Jackowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ernest Kuchar
- Department of Pediatrics with Clinical Assessment Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Aneta Nitsch-Osuch
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Pawłowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Babicki
- Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-141 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Jaroszewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - Leszek Szenborn
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Jacek Wysocki
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Robert Flisiak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
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20
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Beccia F, Lontano A, Rossi MF, Marziali E, Pascucci D, Raponi M, Santoro PE, Moscato U, Laurenti P. Three-year COVID-19 and flu vaccinations among medical residents in a tertiary hospital in Italy: The threat of acceptance decline in seasonal campaigns. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2252708. [PMID: 37706326 PMCID: PMC10503443 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2252708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Italy started in December 2020, and, due to the Omicron variant's emergence, a second booster dose was recommended for high-risk individuals and healthcare workers from July 2022. The aim of the study was to evaluate the vaccination coverages for the COVID-19 second booster dose and to identify predictors of its acceptance within the population of medical residents (MRs) of the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (FPG) University Hospital. The study was conducted at FPG from October 4th to December 21st, 2022, and COVID-19 second booster dose and influenza vaccines were administered. The study analyzed collected data and conducted multivariate logistic regressions to explore potential predictors of vaccination adherence. The analyses performed were compared with the sample enrolled in FPG residency programs at the start of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. 1968 MRs were involved in the 2022-2023 vaccination campaign (mean age 28.97, SD 3.44), and the second booster dose of COVID-19 vaccination coverage was low (18.80%). Almost all participants opted for co-administration of COVID-19 and influenza vaccinations, leading to a similar rate of influenza vaccination coverage (16.26%). Being a frontline resident, meaning a direct involvement in managing COVID-19 patients and vaccination campaigns, was the main predictor of vaccination adherence (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.25-2.17). The dropping in influenza vaccination coverage in 2022-2023 and the low adherence to COVID-19 second booster dose among young physicians is concerning, calling for tailored vaccination campaigns and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Beccia
- Section of Hygiene - Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Lontano
- Section of Hygiene - Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Rossi
- Section of Occupational Health - Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Marziali
- Section of Hygiene - Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Pascucci
- Section of Hygiene - Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Health Management, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Raponi
- Department of Women, Child and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Emilio Santoro
- Section of Occupational Health - Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Women, Child and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Moscato
- Section of Occupational Health - Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Women, Child and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Laurenti
- Section of Hygiene - Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Women, Child and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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21
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Afrashtehfar KI, Jurado CA, Abu-Fanas SH, Jaber MA. Health and Well-Being through COVID-19 Vaccination: Physical, Oral, and Psychological Effects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3117. [PMID: 36833813 PMCID: PMC9963193 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its evolving variants have spurred a worldwide effort to control its transmission and reduce its impact [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin I. Afrashtehfar
- Clinical Sciences Department, Ajman College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman City P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlos A. Jurado
- Department of Prosthodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Salem H. Abu-Fanas
- Clinical Sciences Department, Ajman College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman City P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed A. Jaber
- Clinical Sciences Department, Ajman College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman City P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
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