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Fu HW, Lai YC. The Role of Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil-Activating Protein in the Pathogenesis of H. pylori and Beyond: From a Virulence Factor to Therapeutic Targets and Therapeutic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010091. [PMID: 36613542 PMCID: PMC9820732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP), a major virulence factor of H. pylori, plays a role in bacterial protection and host inflammation. HP-NAP activates a variety of innate immune cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, and mast cells, to induce their pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory activities. This protein also induces T-helper type 1 (Th1) immune response and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, supporting that HP-NAP is able to promote gastric inflammation by activation of adaptive immune responses. Thus, HP-NAP is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation. The inflammatory responses triggered by HP-NAP are mediated by a PTX-sensitive G protein-coupled receptor and Toll-like receptor 2. Drugs designed to block the interactions between HP-NAP and its receptors could alleviate the inflammation in gastric mucosa caused by H. pylori infection. In addition, HP-NAP acts as a promising therapeutic agent for vaccine development, allergy treatment, and cancer immunotherapy. The high antigenicity of HP-NAP makes this protein a component of vaccines against H. pylori infection. Due to its immunomodulatory activity to stimulate the Th1-inducing ability of dendritic cells, enhance Th1 immune response and CTL activity, and suppress Th2-mediated allergic responses, HP-NAP could also act as an adjuvant in vaccines, a drug candidate against allergic diseases, and an immunotherapeutic agent for cancer. This review highlights the role of HP-NAP in the pathogenesis of H. pylori and the potential for this protein to be a therapeutic target in the treatment of H. pylori infection and therapeutic agents against H. pylori-associated diseases, allergies, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wen Fu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-574-2485
| | - Yu-Chang Lai
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Park HE, Park S, Nizamutdinov D, Seo JH, Park JS, Jun JS, Shin JI, Boonyanugomol W, Park JS, Shin MK, Baik SC, Youn HS, Cho MJ, Kang HL, Lee WK, Jung M. Antigenic Determinant of Helicobacter pylori FlaA for Developing Serological Diagnostic Methods in Children. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121544. [PMID: 36558878 PMCID: PMC9782684 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The early diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection is important for gastric cancer prevention and treatment. Although endoscopic biopsy is widely used for H. pylori diagnosis, an accurate biopsy cannot be performed until a lesion becomes clear, especially in pediatric patients. Therefore, it is necessary to develop convenient and accurate methods for early diagnosis. FlaA, an essential factor for H. pylori survival, shows high antigenicity and can be used as a diagnostic marker. We attempted to identify effective antigens containing epitopes of high diagnostic value in FlaA. Full-sized FlaA was divided into several fragments and cloned, and its antigenicity was investigated using Western blotting. The FlaA fragment of 1345-1395 bp had strong immunogenicity. ELISA was performed with serum samples from children by using the 1345-1395 bp recombinant antigen fragment. IgG reactivity showed 90.0% sensitivity and 90.5% specificity, and IgM reactivity showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. The FlaA fragment of 1345-1395 bp discovered in the present study has antigenicity and is of high value as a candidate antigen for serological diagnosis. The FlaA 1345-1395 bp epitope can be used as a diagnostic marker for H. pylori infection, thereby controlling various gastric diseases such as gastric cancer and peptic ulcers caused by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Eui Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seorin Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Center for Human Resource Development in the Bio-Health Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Damir Nizamutdinov
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeun Seo
- Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Shook Park
- Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Su Jun
- Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ih Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Center for Human Resource Development in the Bio-Health Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Wongwarut Boonyanugomol
- Department of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Amnatcharoen Campus, Mahidol University, Amnatcharoen 37000, Thailand
| | - Jin-Sik Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Center for Human Resource Development in the Bio-Health Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Baik
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Shang Youn
- Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Je Cho
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Lyun Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Kon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (W.-K.L.); (M.J.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8082 (M.J.); Fax: +82-55-772-8089 (M.J.)
| | - Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Center for Human Resource Development in the Bio-Health Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (W.-K.L.); (M.J.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8082 (M.J.); Fax: +82-55-772-8089 (M.J.)
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Talebkhan Y, Doozbakhshan M, Saberi S, Esmaeili M, Karami N, Mohajerani N, Abdirad A, Eshagh Hosseini M, Nahvijou A, Mohagheghi MA, Mohammadi M. Serum Antibodies against Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil Activating Protein in Carriers of IL-4 C-590T Genetic Polymorphism Amplify the Risk of Gastritis and Gastric Cancer. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 21:321-9. [PMID: 27677314 PMCID: PMC5548964 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.ibj.21.5.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer arises, mainly, on an inflammatory background. Helicobacter pylori neutrophil activating (HP-NAP) protein functions as a potent pro-inflammatory mediator. Similarly, IL-4 plays a critical role in the inflammation pathway, the levels of which are altered by C to T transition at position -590 in its promoter region. Here, we have aimed to assess the risk of gastritis and gastric cancer in the co-presence of these two inflammation modulating mediators. METHODS Gastritis (n=58) and gastric cancer (n=31) patients were evaluated and compared with H. pylori-positive asymptomatic controls (n=46), for serum antibodies against recombinant HP-NAP and IL-4 C-590T single nucleotide polymorphism using immunoblotting and PCR-RFLP, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender and ethnicity, was used for data analysis. RESULTS In terms of susceptibility to gastritis, seropositivity to HP-NAP projected a risk impact of 4.62 fold (OR=4.62, 95% CI=1.50-14.22), which when present in IL-4 -590 T carriers augmented the risk up to 9.7 fold (OR=9.70, 95% CI=2.06-45.69). A similar pattern, but of a stronger magnitude, occurred for the risk of gastric cancer, which was estimated at 9.07 fold (OR=9.07, 95% CI=1.99-42.0) for HP-NAP-seropositive subjects and was drastically amplified (OR=33.64, 95% CI=2.06-548.68), when double-positive (HP-NAP seropositive/IL-4 -590 T carrier) subjects were examined against double negatives (HP-NAP seronegative/IL-4 -590 CC). CONCLUSION Our preliminary data indicate that serum antibodies against HP-NAP represent a state of risk, which is further exacerbated in IL-4 -590 T carriers. These biomarkers, if validated in larger prospective studies, can be used to screen for gastric cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Talebkhan
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Doozbakhshan
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Saberi
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Karami
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mohajerani
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Abdirad
- Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Eshagh Hosseini
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Nahvijou
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Marjan Mohammadi
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Kuo TY, Hong ZW, Tsai CC, Yang YC, Fu HW. One-step Negative Chromatographic Purification of Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil-activating Protein Overexpressed in Escherichia coli in Batch Mode. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27404433 DOI: 10.3791/54043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) is a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). It plays a critical role in H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation by activating several innate leukocytes including neutrophils, monocytes, and mast cells. The immunogenic and immunomodulatory properties of HP-NAP make it a potential diagnostic and vaccine candidate for H. pylori and a new drug candidate for cancer therapy. In order to obtain substantial quantities of purified HP-NAP used for its clinical applications, an efficient method to purify this protein with high yield and purity needs to be established. In this protocol, we have described a method for one-step negative chromatographic purification of recombinant HP-NAP overexpressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) by using diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) ion-exchange resins (e.g., Sephadex) in batch mode. Recombinant HP-NAP constitutes nearly 70% of the total protein in E. coli and is almost fully recovered in the soluble fraction upon cell lysis at pH 9.0. Under the optimal condition at pH 8.0, the majority of HP-NAP is recovered in the unbound fraction while the endogenous proteins from E. coli are efficiently removed by the resin. This purification method using negative mode batch chromatography with DEAE ion-exchange resins yields functional HP-NAP from E. coli in its native form with high yield and purity. The purified HP-NAP could be further utilized for the prevention, treatment, and prognosis of H. pylori-associated diseases as well as cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Kuo
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University
| | - Zhi-Wei Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University
| | - Chung-Che Tsai
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University
| | - Yu-Chi Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University
| | - Hua-Wen Fu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University; Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University;
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Inhibitory effects of rHP-NAP IgY against Helicobacter pylori attachment to AGS cell line. Microb Pathog 2016; 97:231-5. [PMID: 27265677 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a major human pathogen related to gastric adenocarcinoma and gastroduodenal diseases. Treatment of H. pylori infections is complicated by the rise of antibiotic resistance, necessitating investigation of alternative therapies. One such alternative is passive immunization by oral administration of antibacterial immunoglobulin. In the present study, chicken immunoglobulin (IgY) was used for passive immunotherapy against a major virulence factor of H. pylori, namely recombinant HP-Nap protein. Recombinant HP-Nap was prepared and used to immunize hens. IgY was purified from the eggs by polyethylene glycol precipitation method with a total IgY-HP-NAP yield of 30 mg per egg. The inhibitory effect of specific IgY on H. pylori attachment was investigated in AGS cell line infected by the bacteria. The results demonstrate the potent effect of IgY- HP-NAP in inhibition of H. pylori attachment to the AGS cells.
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Kao CY, Sheu BS, Wu JJ. Helicobacter pylori infection: An overview of bacterial virulence factors and pathogenesis. Biomed J 2016; 39:14-23. [PMID: 27105595 PMCID: PMC6138426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis and disease outcomes are mediated by a complex interplay between bacterial virulence factors, host, and environmental factors. After H. pylori enters the host stomach, four steps are critical for bacteria to establish successful colonization, persistent infection, and disease pathogenesis: (1) Survival in the acidic stomach; (2) movement toward epithelium cells by flagella-mediated motility; (3) attachment to host cells by adhesins/receptors interaction; (4) causing tissue damage by toxin release. Over the past 20 years, the understanding of H. pylori pathogenesis has been improved by studies focusing on the host and bacterial factors through epidemiology researches and molecular mechanism investigations. These include studies identifying the roles of novel virulence factors and their association with different disease outcomes, especially the bacterial adhesins, cag pathogenicity island, and vacuolating cytotoxin. Recently, the development of large-scale screening methods, including proteomic, and transcriptomic tools, has been used to determine the complex gene regulatory networks in H. pylori. In addition, a more available complete genomic database of H. pylori strains isolated from patients with different gastrointestinal diseases worldwide is helpful to characterize this bacterium. This review highlights the key findings of H. pylori virulence factors reported over the past 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yen Kao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Shyang Sheu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Jong Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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7
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Shao Y, Sun K, Xu W, Li XL, Shen H, Sun WH. Helicobacter pylori infection, gastrin and cyclooxygenase-2 in gastric carcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12860-12873. [PMID: 25278683 PMCID: PMC4177468 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent neoplasms and a main cause of death worldwide, especially in China and Japan. Numerous epidemiological, animal and experimental studies support a positive association between chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and the development of gastric cancer. However, the exact mechanism whereby H. pylori causes gastric carcinogenesis remains unclear. It has been demonstrated that expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is elevated in gastric carcinomas and in their precursor lesions. In this review, we present the latest clinical and experimental evidence showing the role of gastrin and COX-2 in H. pylori-infected patients and their possible association with gastric cancer risk.
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Serum Helicobacter pylori NapA antibody as a potential biomarker for gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4143. [PMID: 24553293 PMCID: PMC3929916 DOI: 10.1038/srep04143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is strongly associated with gastric cancer. However, only a minority of infected individuals ever develop gastric cancer. This risk stratification may be in part due to differences among strains. The relationship between neutrophil-activating protein (NapA) and gastric cancer is unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the significance of NapA as a biomarker in gastric cancer. We used enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the status of H. pylori infection. Indirect ELISA method was used for detection of NapA antibody titer in the serum of H. pylori infected individuals. Unconditional logistic regressions were adopted to analyze the variables and determine the association of NapA and gastric cancer. The results of study indicated serum H. pylori NapA antibody level were associated with a reduced risk for development of gastric cancer. It may be used in conjugation with other indicators for gastric cancer detection.
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Shih KS, Lin CC, Hung HF, Yang YC, Wang CA, Jeng KC, Fu HW. One-step chromatographic purification of Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein expressed in Bacillus subtilis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60786. [PMID: 23577158 PMCID: PMC3620106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP), a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), is capable of activating human neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and secrete inammatory mediators. HP-NAP is a vaccine candidate, a possible drug target, and a potential in vitro diagnostic marker for H. pylori infection. HP-NAP has also been shown to be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of allergic asthma and bladder cancer. Hence, an efficient way to obtain pure HP-NAP needs to be developed. In this study, one-step anion-exchange chromatography in negative mode was applied to purify the recombinant HP-NAP expressed in Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). This purification technique was based on the binding of host cell proteins and/or impurities other than HP-NAP to DEAE Sephadex resins. At pH 8.0, almost no other proteins except HP-NAP passed through the DEAE Sephadex column. More than 60% of the total HP-NAP with purity higher than 91% was recovered in the flow-through fraction from this single-step DEAE Sephadex chromatography. The purified recombinant HP-NAP was further demonstrated to be a multimeric protein with a secondary structure of α-helix and capable of activating human neutrophils to stimulate ROS production. Thus, this one-step negative chromatography using DEAE Sephadex resin can efficiently yield functional HP-NAP from B. subtilis in its native form with high purity. HP-NAP purified by this method could be further utilized for the development of new drugs, vaccines, and diagnostics for H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Shun Shih
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Chang Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsiao-Fang Hung
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chi Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-An Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kee-Ching Jeng
- Departments of Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hua-Wen Fu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Haghighi MA, Mobarez AM, Salmanian AH, Moazeni M, Zali MR, Sadeghi M, Amani J. In silico experiment with an-antigen-toll like receptor-5 agonist fusion construct for immunogenic application to Helicobacter pylori. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2013; 19:43-53. [PMID: 23901192 PMCID: PMC3722629 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.112885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Helicobacter pylori colonize the gastric mucosa of half of the world's population. Although it is classified as a definitive type I carcinogen by World Health Organization, there is no effective vaccine against this bacterium. H. pylori evade the host immune response by avoiding toll-like detection, such as detection via toll-like receptor-5 (TLR-5). Thus, a chimeric construct consisting of selected epitopes from virulence factors that is incorporated into a TLR-5 ligand (Pseudomonas flagellin) could result in more potent innate and adaptive immune responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on the histocompatibility antigens of BALB/c mice, in silico techniques were used to select several fragments from H. pylori virulence factors with a high density of B- and T-cell epitopes. RESULTS These segments consist of cytotoxin-associated geneA (residue 162-283), neutrophil activating protein (residue 30-135) and outer inflammatory protein A (residue 155-268). The secondary and tertiary structure of the chimeric constructs and other bioinformatics analyses such as stability, solubility, and antigenicity were performed. The chimeric construct containing antigenic segments of H. pylori proteins was fused with the D3 domain of Pseudomonas flagellin. This recombinant chimeric gene was optimized for expression in Escherichia coli. The in silico results showed that the conserved C- and N-terminal domains of flagellin and the antigenicity of selected fragments were retained. DISCUSSION In silico analysis showed that Pseudomonas flagellin is a suitable platform for incorporation of an antigenic construct from H. pylori. This strategy may be an effective tool for the control of H. pylori and other persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Ali Haghighi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Mohabati Mobarez
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hatef Salmanian
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Moazeni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sadeghi
- Department of Biochemistry National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Baqiyatallah Medical Science University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah Medical Science University, Tehran, Iran
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Iankov ID, Penheiter AR, Carlson SK, Galanis E. Development of monoclonal antibody-based immunoassays for detection of Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein. J Immunol Methods 2012; 384:1-9. [PMID: 22750540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil-activating protein (NAP) is a major virulence factor expressed by Helicobacter pylori isolates associated with severe chronic gastroduodenal inflammation and peptic ulcers. NAP is one of the main protective antigens and a target for vaccine development against Helicobacter infection. In addition, NAP is a potent immune stimulator with potential application as a general vaccine adjuvant and in treatment of allergic diseases and cancer immunotherapy. NAP-specific immunoassays are needed for both H. pylori diagnostics and characterization of NAP-based vaccines and immunomodulatory preparations. We generated a panel of NAP-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) by immunization of BALB/c mice with synthetic NAP peptides. The antibody reactivity against recombinant or native NAP antigen was characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. A sensitive capture ELISA was developed using MAbs 23C8 and 16F4 (directed against different NAP epitopes) for detection of native or measles virus (MV) vector-expressed recombinant NAP in a concentration range of 4 ng/ml to 2000 ng/ml. MAb 23C8 antigen-binding depends on Tyr101 in a variable amino acid sequence of the NAP molecule, indicating the existence of antigenic variants among H. pylori strains. MAb 16F4 reacted with NAP from different H. pylori strains and was a sensitive tool for detection of small amounts of isolated NAP antigen or whole bacteria by immunoblotting or immunofluorescence. In conclusion, MAb-based immunoassays are highly specific and sensitive for detection of native NAP antigen and recombinant NAP immunostimulatory transgenes expressed by replication competent virus vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianko D Iankov
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Kountouras J, Zavos C, Gavalas E, Deretzi G, Tsona A, Katsinelos P, Grigoriadis S, Pilpilidis I, Tzilves D, Vardaka E, Mantzoukis K, Polyzos SA. A rebuttal to the potential anti-tumour benefit of Helicobacter pylori-induced neutrophil-activating protein. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:445-6; discussion 447-51. [PMID: 22065048 PMCID: PMC11028557 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 8 Fanariou St, Byzantio, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Christos Zavos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 8 Fanariou St, Byzantio, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Gavalas
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 8 Fanariou St, Byzantio, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 8 Fanariou St, Byzantio, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Afroditi Tsona
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 8 Fanariou St, Byzantio, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 8 Fanariou St, Byzantio, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Savas Grigoriadis
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 8 Fanariou St, Byzantio, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Ioannis Pilpilidis
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 8 Fanariou St, Byzantio, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tzilves
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 8 Fanariou St, Byzantio, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Vardaka
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 8 Fanariou St, Byzantio, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Mantzoukis
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 8 Fanariou St, Byzantio, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Stergios A. Polyzos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 8 Fanariou St, Byzantio, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
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Choli-Papadopoulou T, Kottakis F, Papadopoulos G, Pendas S. Helicobacter pylori neutrophil activating protein as target for new drugs against H. pylori inflammation. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:2585-91. [PMID: 21677824 PMCID: PMC3110918 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i21.2585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is among the most common human infections and the major risk factor for peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Within this work we present the implication of C-terminal region of H. pylori neutrophil activating protein in the stimulation of neutrophil activation as well as the evidence that the C-terminal region of H. pylori activating protein is indispensable for neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells, a step necessary to H. pylori inflammation. In addition we show that arabino galactan proteins derived from chios mastic gum, the natural resin of the plant Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia inhibit neutrophil activation in vitro.
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Zhou JH, Zhang B, Kernstine KH, Zhong L. Autoantibodies against MMP-7 as a novel diagnostic biomarker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:1373-8. [PMID: 21455340 PMCID: PMC3068276 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i10.1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic values of serum autoantibodies against matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
METHODS: The MMP-7 cDNA was cloned from ESCC tissues, and MMP-7 was expressed and purified from a prokaryotic system. MMP-7 autoantibodies were then measured in sera from 50 patients with primary ESCC and 58 risk-matched controls, using a reverse capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in which autoantibodies to MMP-7 bound to the purified MMP-7 proteins. In addition, MMP-7 autoantibody levels in sera from 38 gastric cancer patients and from control serum samples were also tested.
RESULTS: The optimum conditions for recombinant MMP-7 protein expression were determined as 0.04 mmol/L Isopropyl-β-D-Thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction at 37°C for four hours. The levels of serum autoantibodies against MMP-7 were significantly higher in patients with ESCC than in the matched-control samples (OD450 = 1.69 ± 0.08 vs OD450 = 1.55 ± 0.10, P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.87. The sensitivity and specificity for detection of ESCC were 78.0% and 81.0%, respectively, when the OD450 value was greater than 1.65. Although the levels of autoantibodies against MMP-7 were also significantly higher in patients with gastric cancer compared to control samples (OD450 = 1.62 ± 0.06 vs OD450 = 1.55 ± 0.10, P < 0.001), the diagnostic accuracy was less significant than in ESCC patients. The area of ROC curve was 0.75, whereas the sensitivity and specificity were 60.5% and 71.7%, respectively, when the cut-off value of OD450 was set at 1.60.
CONCLUSION: Serum autoantibody levels of MMP-7 may be a good diagnostic biomarker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Cheng WL, Wang CS, Huang YH, Tsai MM, Liang Y, Lin KH. Overexpression of CXCL1 and its receptor CXCR2 promote tumor invasion in gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 2011; 22:2267-76. [PMID: 21343381 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) and its receptor CXCR2 are associated with metastasis potential. Our studies were designed to clarify the CXCL1 and CXCR2 expression patterns and to explore their potential role in gastric cancer. DESIGN The expression of CXCL1 was determined in primary gastric cancer specimens using quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. To investigate the functional significance of CXCL1 expression, a CXCL1 expression vector and short hairpin RNA targeting the CXCL1 or CXCR2 were transfected into gastric cancer cell lines to examine the biological outcomes of these cells. RESULTS The expression of CXCL1 and CXCR2 was higher in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. The upregulation of CXCL1 correlated significantly with tumor progression, advanced stage of gastric cancer patients, and was one of the independent prognostic factors for patient's survival. Furthermore, cancer cells expressing CXCL1 stably exhibited an increase in their migration and invasion ability, whereas CXCL1 or CXCR2 depletion significantly reduced the migration and invasion ability of each cell line. CONCLUSIONS These results provide strong evidence that CXCL1 plays an important role in gastric cancer progression and migration and suggest that CXCL1 is a promising marker for the detection and prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-L Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine,Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, China
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Bernarde C, Lehours P, Lasserre JP, Castroviejo M, Bonneu M, Mégraud F, Ménard A. Complexomics study of two Helicobacter pylori strains of two pathological origins: potential targets for vaccine development and new insight in bacteria metabolism. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:2796-826. [PMID: 20610778 PMCID: PMC3101863 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection plays a causal role in the development of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (LG-MALT) and duodenal ulcer (DU). Although many virulence factors have been associated with DU, many questions remain unanswered regarding the evolution of the infection toward this exceptional event, LG-MALT. The present study describes and compares the complexome of two H. pylori strains, strain J99 associated with DU and strain B38 associated with LG-MALT, using the two-dimensional blue native/SDS-PAGE method. It was possible to identify 90 different complexes (49 and 41 in the B38 and J99 strains, respectively); 12 of these complexes were common to both strains (seven and five in the membrane and cytoplasm, respectively), reflecting the variability of H. pylori strains. The 44 membrane complexes included numerous outer membrane proteins, such as the major adhesins BabA and SabA retrieved from a complex in the B38 strain, and also proteins from the hor family rarely studied. BabA and BabB adhesins were found to interact independently with HopM/N in the B38 and J99 strains, respectively. The 46 cytosolic complexes essentially comprised proteins involved in H. pylori physiology. Some orphan proteins were retrieved from heterooligomeric complexes, and a function could be proposed for a number of them via the identification of their partners, such as JHP0119, which may be involved in the flagellar function. Overall, this study gave new insights into the membrane and cytoplasm structure, and those which could help in the design of molecules for vaccine and/or antimicrobial agent development are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Bernarde
- From ‡INSERM U853, 33076 Bordeaux, France and
- §Laboratoire de Bactériologie
| | - Philippe Lehours
- From ‡INSERM U853, 33076 Bordeaux, France and
- §Laboratoire de Bactériologie
| | - Jean-Paul Lasserre
- From ‡INSERM U853, 33076 Bordeaux, France and
- §Laboratoire de Bactériologie
| | - Michel Castroviejo
- ‖Laboratoire de Microbiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire et Pathogénicité, UMR CNRS 5234, and
| | - Marc Bonneu
- **Pôle Protéomique, Plateforme Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, F 33076 France
| | - Francis Mégraud
- From ‡INSERM U853, 33076 Bordeaux, France and
- §Laboratoire de Bactériologie
| | - Armelle Ménard
- From ‡INSERM U853, 33076 Bordeaux, France and
- §Laboratoire de Bactériologie
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17
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The immune modulating activity of the Helicobacter pylori HP-NAP: Friend or foe? Toxicon 2010; 56:1186-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Allison CC, Ferrero RL. Role of virulence factors and host cell signaling in the recognition of Helicobacter pylori and the generation of immune responses. Future Microbiol 2010; 5:1233-55. [PMID: 20722601 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.10.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonizes a large proportion of the world's population, with infection invariably leading to chronic, lifelong gastritis. While the infection often persists undiagnosed and without causing severe pathology, there are a number of host, bacterial and environmental factors that can influence whether infection provokes a mild inflammatory response or results in significant morbidity. Intriguingly, the most virulent H. pylori strains appear to deliberately induce the epithelial signaling cascades responsible for activating the innate immune system. While the reason for this remains unclear, the resulting adaptive immune responses are largely ineffective in clearing the bacterium once infection has become established and, as a result, inflammation likely causes more damage to the host itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody C Allison
- Centre for Innate Immunity & Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.
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Huang Q, Ye J, Huang Q, Chen W, Wang L, Lin W, Lin J, Lin X. Heat shock protein 27 is over-expressed in tumor tissues and increased in sera of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010; 48:263-9. [PMID: 19961396 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2010.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous study, we found that heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) was over-expressed in gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) tissue. In this study, our goal was to further verify the expression profile of HSP27 in patients with GA. METHODS Western blot and immunohistochemistry were employed to determine HSP27 expression in 50 paired tumor and adjacent normal tissue. ELISA was used to quantify serum HSP27 concentrations in the same 50 GA patients and 50 healthy individuals. RESULTS Compared to adjacent normal tissues, HSP27 was over-expressed in 25 (50%, p=0.000) and 24 (48%, p=0.000) cases of GA tissue by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. ELISA revealed significantly higher serum concentrations of HSP27 in patients with GA patients (mean=986 pg/mL) compared to healthy individuals (mean=573 pg/mL) (p=0.003). In addition, infection with Helicobacter pylori (HP) in healthy individuals was associated with increased expression of HSP27 in both gastric mucosa and serum. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that HSP27 is over-expressed in GA tissue and serum concentrations of HSP27 are increased in patients with GA. Over-expression of HSP27 may indicate a gastric malignant/infectious process. The detection of serum HSP27 concentrations by ELISA may be useful for screening for GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Oncology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
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