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Machraoui S, Errafii K, Oujamaa I, Belghali MY, Hakmaoui A, Lamjadli S, Eddehbi FE, Brahim I, Haida Y, Admou B. Frequency of the Main Human Leukocyte Antigen A, B, DR, and DQ Loci Known to Be Associated with the Clearance or Persistence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in a Healthy Population from the Southern Region of Morocco: A Preliminary Study. Diseases 2024; 12:106. [PMID: 38785761 PMCID: PMC11120154 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12050106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection represents a significant global health challenge, with its natural course largely influenced by the host's immune response. Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) molecules, particularly HLA class I and II, play a crucial role in the adaptive immune response against HCV. The polymorphism of HLA molecules contributes to the variability in immune response, affecting the outcomes of HCV infection. This study aims to investigate the frequency of HLA A, B, DR, and DQ alleles known to be associated with HCV clearance or persistence in a healthy Moroccan population. Conducted at the University Hospital Center Mohammed VI, Marrakech, this study spanned from 2015 to 2022 and included 703 healthy Moroccan individuals. HLA class I and II typing was performed using complement-dependent cytotoxicity and polymerase chain reaction-based methodologies. The results revealed the distinct patterns of HLA-A, B, DRB1, and DQB1 alleles in the Moroccan population. Notably, alleles linked to favorable HCV outcomes, such as HLA-DQB1*0301, DQB1*0501, and DRB1*1101, were more prevalent. Conversely, alleles associated with increased HCV susceptibility and persistence, such as HLA-DQB1*02 and DRB1*03, were also prominent. Gender-specific variations in allele frequencies were observed, providing insights into genetic influences on HCV infection outcomes. The findings align with global trends in HLA allele associations with HCV infection outcomes. The study emphasizes the role of host genetics in HCV infection, highlighting the need for further research in the Moroccan community, including HCV-infected individuals. The prevalence of certain HLA alleles, both protective and susceptibility-linked, underscores the potential for a national HLA data bank in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Machraoui
- Laboratory of Immunology and HLA, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech 40080, Morocco; (I.O.); (A.H.); (S.L.); (F.E.E.); (I.B.); (Y.H.); (B.A.)
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40080, Morocco
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43151, Morocco;
| | - Khaoula Errafii
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43151, Morocco;
| | - Ider Oujamaa
- Laboratory of Immunology and HLA, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech 40080, Morocco; (I.O.); (A.H.); (S.L.); (F.E.E.); (I.B.); (Y.H.); (B.A.)
| | - Moulay Yassine Belghali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30003, Morocco;
| | - Abdelmalek Hakmaoui
- Laboratory of Immunology and HLA, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech 40080, Morocco; (I.O.); (A.H.); (S.L.); (F.E.E.); (I.B.); (Y.H.); (B.A.)
| | - Saad Lamjadli
- Laboratory of Immunology and HLA, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech 40080, Morocco; (I.O.); (A.H.); (S.L.); (F.E.E.); (I.B.); (Y.H.); (B.A.)
| | - Fatima Ezzohra Eddehbi
- Laboratory of Immunology and HLA, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech 40080, Morocco; (I.O.); (A.H.); (S.L.); (F.E.E.); (I.B.); (Y.H.); (B.A.)
| | - Ikram Brahim
- Laboratory of Immunology and HLA, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech 40080, Morocco; (I.O.); (A.H.); (S.L.); (F.E.E.); (I.B.); (Y.H.); (B.A.)
| | - Yasmine Haida
- Laboratory of Immunology and HLA, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech 40080, Morocco; (I.O.); (A.H.); (S.L.); (F.E.E.); (I.B.); (Y.H.); (B.A.)
| | - Brahim Admou
- Laboratory of Immunology and HLA, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech 40080, Morocco; (I.O.); (A.H.); (S.L.); (F.E.E.); (I.B.); (Y.H.); (B.A.)
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40080, Morocco
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Ertosun MG, Özkan Ö, Darbaş Ş, Özel D, Bilge U, Sayin Ekinci N, Yilmaz VT, Uçar F, Koçak H, Özkan Ö. The relationship between COVID-19 and HLA in kidney transplant recipients, an evaluation of predictive and prognostic factors. Clin Transplant 2021; 36:e14525. [PMID: 34726292 PMCID: PMC8646315 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive and prognostic factors for COVID-19 infection and its relationship with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in kidney transplant recipients. MATERIAL AND METHOD Three hundred fifty kidney transplant recipients were included in the study. Recipients were divided into two groups: COVID-19(+) (n = 100) and control (n = 250). The relationships between HLA frequencies, COVID-19 infection, and prognostic factors (age, donor type, immunosuppression protocol, etc.) were then evaluated. Logistic regression analysis, heatmap, and decision tree methods were used to determine predictive and prognostic factors. The study was performed retrospectively. RESULTS Advanced age and deceased transplantation emerged as predictive of SARS-CoV-2 infection, while the presence of HLA-A*11, the HLA match ratio, and high-dose tacrolimus were identified as prognostic factors in kidney transplant recipients. HLA-A10, HLA-B*13, HLA-B22, and HLA-B*55 were shown to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection at univariate analysis, and HLA-B*57, HLA-DRB1*11, and HLA-DRB1*13 at logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION HLA-A10, HLA-B*13, HLA-B*55, HLA-B*57, HLA-DRB1*11, and HLA-DRB1*13 were identified for the first time in the literature associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in kidney transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gökhan Ertosun
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.,Tissue Typing and Transplantation Laboratory, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Özlenen Özkan
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Şule Darbaş
- Tissue Typing and Transplantation Laboratory, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Deniz Özel
- Statistical Consulting, Application and Research Center, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Uğur Bilge
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nurten Sayin Ekinci
- Tissue Typing and Transplantation Laboratory, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Vural Taner Yilmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Nephrology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fahri Uçar
- Tissue Typing and Transplantation Laboratory, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Koçak
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Nephrology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ömer Özkan
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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Association of HLA Class II Alleles with Outcome of Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.109493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Context: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Approximately 30% of infected persons with HCV spontaneously clear the viral infection; but, some of the remaining patients develop chronic HCV. Studies show that HLA molecules play an important role in the outcome of HCV infection by influencing the efficiency of the antiviral immune response to HCV infection. It is now known that polymorphisms in HLA loci are associated with HCV susceptibility or clearance. The purpose of the present study was to systematically review the studies that reported the association of HLA class II alleles (HLA-DQ and HLA-DR) with the outcome of HCV infection. Evidence Acquisition: Studies were identified by searching electronic databases, including PubMed and Scopus. A total of 12,265 relevant studies were identified by the electronic search, of which a total of 19 eligible papers were identified that were meta-analyzed for the association between HLA class II alleles and the outcome of HCV infection. Results: Subjects carrying HLA-DQB1*0301, HLA-DQB1*0501, HLA-DRB1*1303, HLA-DRB1*1201, HLA-DRB1*0401, HLA-DRB1*0101, and HLA-DRB1*1101 alleles were significantly associated with higher spontaneous clearance of HCV infection. Conclusions: The data from the current study confirm that several polymorphisms in HLA-DQ and HLA-DR loci are correlated with the clearance of HCV infection. Identifying these polymorphisms may contribute to a better understanding of immune mechanisms of HCV clearance or persistence.
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McCowin SE, Moreau GB, Haque R, Noble JA, McDevitt SL, Donowitz JR, Alam MM, Kirkpatrick BD, Petri WA, Marie C. HLA class I and II associations with common enteric pathogens in the first year of life. EBioMedicine 2021; 67:103346. [PMID: 33910121 PMCID: PMC8093888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND genetic susceptibility to infection is mediated by numerous host factors, including the highly diverse, classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, which are critical genetic determinants of immunity. We systematically evaluated the effect of HLA alleles and haplotypes on susceptibility to 12 common enteric infections in children during the first year of life in an urban slum of Dhaka, Bangladesh. METHODS a birth cohort of 601 Bangladeshi infants was prospectively monitored for diarrhoeal disease. Each diarrhoeal stool sample was analyzed for enteric pathogens by multiplex TaqMan Array Card (TAC). High resolution genotyping of HLA class I (A and B) and II (DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1) genes was performed by next-generation sequencing. We compared the frequency of HLA alleles and haplotypes between infected and uninfected children. FINDINGS we identified six individual allele associations and one five-locus haplotype association. One allele was associated with protection: A*24:02 - EAEC. Five alleles were associated with increased risk: A*24:17 - typical EPEC, B*15:01 - astrovirus, B*38:02 - astrovirus, B*38:02 - Cryptosporidium and DQA1*01:01 - Cryptosporidium. A single five-locus haplotype was associated with protection: A*11:01~B*15:02~DRB1*12:02~DQA1*06:01~DQB1*03:01- adenovirus 40/41. INTERPRETATION our findings suggest a role for HLA in susceptibility to early enteric infection for five pathogens. Understanding the genetic contribution of HLA in susceptibility has important implications in vaccine design and understanding regional differences in incidence of enteric infection. FUNDING this research was supported by the National Institute of Health (NIH) and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayo E. McCowin
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - G. Brett Moreau
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rashidul Haque
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Janelle A. Noble
- Department of Paediatrics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shana L. McDevitt
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Donowitz
- Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Md Masud Alam
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Beth D. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - William A. Petri
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Chelsea Marie
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Corresponding author.
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Xu Y, Mo N, Jiang Z, Lu S, Fu S, Wei X, Zhao D, Xie Z, Jia W, Liu J, Wang X, Shi D, Jiao Y, Liu C, Yang X. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 allele polymorphisms and systemic sclerosis. Mod Rheumatol 2019; 29:984-991. [PMID: 30175673 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1519148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Human leukocyteantigen (HLA) is the most important gene for immune system regulation. Although studies have evaluated the association between HLA-DRB1 allele polymorphisms and systemic sclerosis (SSc), their results are still controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the association of HLA-DRB1 alleles with risk of SSc.Methods: Electronic database were systematically searched for articles, a total of 11 case-control studies including 3268 cases and 5548 controls were analyzed. Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the association of HLA-DRB1 alleles with SSc. The relationship between SSc-related autoantibodies and DRB1 alleles was also analyzed.Results: In the overall analysis, four alleles (DRB1*04:03, DRB1*08, DRB1*11, and DRB1*11:04) increased the risk of SSc; however, five alleles (DRB1*07, DRB1*11:01, DRB1*13, DRB1*13:01, and DRB1*14) had the opposite effect. Analysis of subgroups by ethnicity indicate that DRB1*11:01 and DRB1*13:01 confer a protective effect in Caucasians, while DRB1*11:04 was associated with a higher risk of SSc. For Asian, DRB1*13:02 was found to be a protective factor. In addition, the frequency of DRB1*11:04 alleles was significantly increased in ATA+ SSc patients compared with ATA- SSc patients.Conclusion: DRB1*04:03, DRB1*08, DRB1*11, and DRB1*11:04 were associated with the risk of SSc. Additionally, DRB1*11 and DRB1*11:04 were association with ATAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Nanfang Mo
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiwen Jiang
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shaoming Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shien Fu
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinyan Wei
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhibin Xie
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenxian Jia
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongchen Shi
- School of environmental science and engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chengwu Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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El-Bendary M, Neamatallah M, Elalfy H, Besheer T, Kamel E, Mousa H, Eladl AH, El-Setouhy M, El-Gilany AH, El-Waseef A, Esmat G. HLA Class II-DRB1 Alleles with Hepatitis C Virus Infection Outcome in Egypt: A Multicentre Family-based Study. Ann Hepatol 2019; 18:68-77. [PMID: 31113612 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global medical problem. HLA -DRB1 alleles have an important role in immune response against HCV. The aim of this study is to clarify the contribution of HLA -DRB1 alleles in HCV susceptibility in a multicentre family-based study. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 162 Egyptian families were recruited in this study with a total of 951 individuals (255 with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), 588 persons in the control group(-ve household contact to HCV) and 108 persons who spontaneously cleared the virus (SVC). All subjects were genotyped for HLA -DRB1 alleles by SSP-PCR and sequence based typing (SBT) methods. RESULTS The carriage of alleles 3:01:01 and 13:01:01 were highly significant in CHC when compared to that of control and SVC groups [OR of 3 family = 5.1289, PC (Bonferroni correction ) = 0.0002 and 5.9847, PC = 0.0001 and OR of 13 family = 4.6860, PC = 0.0002 and OR = 6.5987, PC = 0.0001 respectively]. While DRB1*040501, DRB1*040101, DRB1*7:01:01 and DRB1*110101 alleles were more frequent in SVC group than CHC patients (OR = 0.4052, PC = 0.03, OR: OR = 0.0916,PC = 0.0006, OR = 0.1833,PC = 0.0006 and OR = 0.4061, PC = 0.0001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that among the Egyptian families, HLA-DRB1*030101, and DRB1*130101 alleles associated with the risk of progression to CHC infection, while DRB1*040101, DRB1*040501, DRB1*7:01:01and DRB1*110101 act as protective alleles against HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud El-Bendary
- Tropical Medicine & Hepatology, Mansoura Faculty Of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura,Dakahlyia, Egypt.
| | - Mustafa Neamatallah
- Medical Biochemistry, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlyia, Egypt
| | - Hatem Elalfy
- Tropical Medicine & Hepatology, Mansoura Faculty Of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura,Dakahlyia, Egypt
| | - Tarek Besheer
- Tropical Medicine & Hepatology, Mansoura Faculty Of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura,Dakahlyia, Egypt
| | - Emily Kamel
- Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlyia, Egypt
| | - Hend Mousa
- Biochemistry, Mansoura Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlyia, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hamid Eladl
- Internal Medicine Department, Alazhar Faculty of Medicine-Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Maged El-Setouhy
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, Ain Shams Faculty of Medicine. Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hady El-Gilany
- Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlyia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Waseef
- Biochemistry, Mansoura Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlyia, Egypt
| | - Gamal Esmat
- Tropical Medicine & Hepatology, Cairo Faculty of Medicine
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Strizhakov LA, Karpov SY, Fomin VV, Lopatkina TN, Tanashchuk EL, Taranova MV. [Myocardial injury associated with chronic hepatitis C: Clinical types and pathogenetic components]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2018. [PMID: 28635920 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh2016884105-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart injury is one of the extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The paper gives Russian and foreign authors' data on a relationship between CHC and myocardial injury. It discusses different pathogenetic components (the direct effect of the virus, immunological components), through which hepatitis C virus can induce myocarditis and cardiomyopathies in patients with CHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Strizhakov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Yu Karpov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Fomin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - T N Lopatkina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - E L Tanashchuk
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Taranova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Frias M, Rivero-Juárez A, López-López P, Rivero A. Pharmacogenetics and the treatment of HIV-/HCV-coinfected patients. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:979-995. [PMID: 29992850 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review will summarize the role of pharmacogenetics in the natural history of hepatitis C, particularly in patients with HIV/HCV and will take the perspective of pharmacogenetics and its influence on the response to antiviral therapy and the susceptibility to develop adverse effects. This review will also devote a section to host genetics in other clinical situations, such as disease progression and acute HCV infection, which may determine whether treatment of HIV-/HCV-coinfected patients is implemented or deferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Frias
- Department of Clinical Virology & Zooneses, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba. Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juárez
- Department of Clinical Virology & Zooneses, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba. Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Pedro López-López
- Department of Clinical Virology & Zooneses, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba. Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero
- Department of Clinical Virology & Zooneses, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba. Córdoba, 14004, Spain
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Yao Y, Liu M, Zang F, Yue M, Xia X, Feng Y, Fan H, Zhang Y, Huang P, Yu R. Association between human leucocyte antigen-DO polymorphisms and interferon/ribavirin treatment response in hepatitis C virus type 1 infection in Chinese population: a prospective study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019406. [PMID: PMID: 29654010 PMCID: PMC5898346 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The human leucocyte antigen-DO (HLA-DO) gene located in the HLA non-classical class-II region may play a role in treatment response to hepatitis C virus (HCV). This study was conducted to explore the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HLA-DO in responding to HCV therapy. SETTING All patients were recruited between January 2011 and September 2016 from the Jurong People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province, China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 346 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients who finished the 48-week pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin (PEG IFN-α/RBV) treatment were enrolled in this study. All patients were former remunerated blood donors. The inclusion criteria for patients were as follows: (1) treatment-naive and treated with PEG IFN-α/RBV, (2) HCV RNA was present in serum for over 6 months before treatment, (3) negative for hepatitis B (HBV) or HIV infection and (4) lacked any other hepatic diseases.All participants in this study were Chinese Han population and infected with HCV genotype 1b and treated with subcutaneous PEG IFN-α at a dose of 180 µg once a week with the addition of 800-1000 mg/d RBV according to weight orally for 48 weeks. RESULTS The SNPs HLA-DOA rs1044429 and HLA-DOB rs2284191 and rs2856997 of 18 SNPs were correlated with HCV treatment response in the Chinese Han population. The dominant model indicated that patients carrying favourable genotypes at rs1044429 AA and rs2284191 AA were more likely to achieve sustained virological response (SVR) (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.19; OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.58 to 4.63, respectively), while patients carrying unfavourable genotypes at rs2856997 GG were less likely to achieve SVR (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.78). CONCLUSION Genetic variations at rs1044429, rs2284191 and rs2856997 were independent predictors of HCV treatment response in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Haozhi Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongbin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Ishibashi M, Yamaguchi H, Hirotani Y, Sakurada A, Endo T, Sugitani M, Takayama T, Makishima M, Esumi M. Contradictory intrahepatic immune responses activated in high-load hepatitis C virus livers compared with low-load livers. Arch Virol 2017; 163:855-865. [PMID: 29248968 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We found a HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gene, DQ alpha 1 chain (HLA-DQA1), that was expressed more than 9-fold higher in high-load hepatitis C virus (HCV) livers than low-load HCV livers using transcriptomics of chronic HCV-infected livers. To further investigate this finding, we examined which cells were positive for HLA-DQA1 and what liver immune responses were different between HCV-high and -low livers. HLA-DQA1-positive cells were significantly increased in the HCV-high group, and most positive cells were identified as non-parenchymal sinusoid cells and lymphocytic infiltrates in the portal area. Parenchymal hepatocytes were negative for HLA-DQA1. HLA-DQA1-positive cells in the liver sinusoid were positive for CD68 (macrophages or Kupffer cells); those in the lymphocytic infiltrates were positive for CD20 (B cells) or CD3 (T cells). mRNA levels of antigen-presenting cell (APC) markers such as CD68 and CD11c were significantly upregulated in the HCV-high group and were correlated with HLA-DQA mRNA levels. CD8B mRNA (CD8+ T cells) was upregulated in both HCV-positive livers compared with HCV-negative livers, whereas CD154 mRNA (CD4+ T helper cell) was upregulated in the HCV-high group compared with the HCV-low group. The immune regulatory molecules FOXP3 mRNA (regulatory T cell, T reg) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) mRNA were significantly increased in the HCV-high group. HCV-high livers had two molecular immune responses: increased APC numbers and adaptive immunity and the induction of immune tolerance. The local hepatic imbalance of contradictory immune responses might be responsible for high HCV loads.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- CD11c Antigen/genetics
- CD11c Antigen/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- CD40 Ligand/genetics
- CD40 Ligand/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/virology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- HLA-DQ alpha-Chains/genetics
- HLA-DQ alpha-Chains/immunology
- Hepacivirus/growth & development
- Hepacivirus/immunology
- Hepacivirus/pathogenicity
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology
- Hepatocytes/immunology
- Hepatocytes/virology
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance
- Kupffer Cells/immunology
- Kupffer Cells/virology
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/virology
- Liver Neoplasms/etiology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/virology
- Signal Transduction
- Transcriptome/immunology
- Viral Load/genetics
- Viral Load/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Ishibashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamaguchi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yukari Hirotani
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihisa Sakurada
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Toshihide Endo
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sugitani
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadatoshi Takayama
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Mariko Esumi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
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11
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Muñoz de Rueda P, Jiménez-Ruiz SM, Quiles R, Pavón-Castillero EJ, Muñoz-Gámez JA, Casado J, Gila A, Ruiz-Extremera A, Salmerón J. The antigenic variability of HCV in viral HLA-Ag binding is related to the activation of the host immune response. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15513. [PMID: 29138492 PMCID: PMC5686107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous data show that hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 patients expressing the HLA-DQB1 * 0301 allele have a combined response probability of 69%, while the remaining 31% do not respond, probably because the HCV immunodominant epitope (IE) against the DQB1 * 0301 allele is mutated. HCV IE (region sequenced in NS3 is a region encoding aa 1253–1272) from 37 patients (21 Sustained Virological Response, SVR; 16 non-SVR) HLA-DQB1 * 0301+, were analysed by pyrosequencing. In vitro cultures were also determined by CD4+ proliferation, using non-mutated IE (wild-type synthetic peptide) and synthetic mutated peptide. The pyrosequencing study revealed 34 different haplotypes. The SVR patients had fewer haplotypes (P = 0.07), mutations/haplotypes (P = 0.01) and polymorphic sites (P = 0.02) than non-SVR. Three polymorphic sites were associated with the non-SVR patients: haplotype 7 (L5P); haplotype 11 (L7P); and haplotype 15, (L15S) (P = 0.02). The in vitro study (n = 7) showed that in 4/7 patients (Group 1) the CD4+ proliferation obtained with wild-type synthetic peptide was higher than that obtained with the negative control and with the synthetic mutated peptide (P = 0.039). However, in the remaining 3/7 patients (Group 2) this pattern was not observed (P = 0.7). Our findings suggest that HLA-DQB1 * 0301+ patients with high antigenic variability in HCV IE (NS31253-1272) have a lower SVR rate, due to reduced CD4+ proliferation as a result of incorrect viral HLA-Ag binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Muñoz de Rueda
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, 18012, Spain.,CIBER for Liver and Digestive Disease (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
| | | | - R Quiles
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, 18012, Spain. .,CIBER for Liver and Digestive Disease (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain. .,Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain.
| | - E J Pavón-Castillero
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, 18012, Spain.,Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
| | - J A Muñoz-Gámez
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, 18012, Spain.,Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
| | - J Casado
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, 18012, Spain.,Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
| | - A Gila
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, 18012, Spain.,CIBER for Liver and Digestive Disease (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
| | - A Ruiz-Extremera
- CIBER for Liver and Digestive Disease (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain.,Paediatric Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital and Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, 18012, Spain.,Paediatric Department, Granada University, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - J Salmerón
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, 18012, Spain.,CIBER for Liver and Digestive Disease (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain.,Medicine Departament, Granada University, Granada, 18016, Spain
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12
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Yan Z, Wang Y. Viral and host factors associated with outcomes of hepatitis C virus infection (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2909-2924. [PMID: 28339063 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health issue globally. Owing to the progress made in host genetics and HCV molecular virology, emerging data have suggested that the natural course and treatment response in patients with HCV infection are largely determined by complex host‑viral interactions. HCV genotype is the most important viral factor predicting the response to pegylated interferon‑α plus ribavirin therapy. The subtype of HCV genotype 1 is the key viral factor that predicts the efficacy of direct‑acting antiviral therapy. HCV genome heterogeneity and baseline viral load are additionally associated with the treatment response. Multiple host genetic variants localized in genes associated with the immune response have been identified as predictors of spontaneous disease course and therapy outcome in chronic HCV. However, most findings from candidate gene association studies have not been proven universal for all investigated populations and independent studies. Previous findings in independent large genome wide association studies confirmed that interferon‑λ3 gene polymorphisms are associated with spontaneous clearance and treatment responsiveness. A polymorphism of the inosine triphosphatase gene has been identified as a protective factor against ribavirin‑induced anemia and dose reductions. Another genetic variant in the patatin‑like phospholipase domain containing 3 genes is associated with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with HCV. The present review focused on the identified viral and host factors associated with outcomes of patients with HCV, and assessed the involvement of viral and host genetics in the natural history and treatment outcomes of HCV infection. This will provide novel ideas concerning personalized prevention and individualized clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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13
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El-Bendary M, Neamatallah M, Esmat G, Kamel E, Elalfy H, Besheer T, Eldeib D, Eladl AH, El-Setouhy M, El-Gilany AH, El-Waseef A. Associations of human leucocyte antigen class II-DQB1 alleles with hepatitis C virus infection in Egyptian population: a multicentre family-based study. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:961-970. [PMID: 27599887 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C infection is a global pandemic. HLA-DQB1 alleles are believed to have an effective role in immune response against HCV including susceptibility to or protection from this infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of HLA-DQB1 alleles in the outcome of HCV genotype-4 infection through a family-based association study. Egyptian families with HCV (324) were recruited for this study (324 index positive for RNA-HCV, 225 positive relatives representing chronic hepatitis C cases and 582 family members negative for HCV-RNA [control], 63 of whom spontaneously cleared the virus. All subjects were genotyped for HLA-DQB1 alleles by sequence-specific primers (SSP-PCR) and sequence-based typing (SBT) methods. The frequency of DQB1*02:01:01 carriage was significantly higher in infected patients when compared to controls and those who spontaneously cleared virus (OR=5.47, P<.0001 and OR= 6.5234, P<.0001, respectively), and the carriage of the DQB1*03:01:01:01 allele was significantly higher in those who cleared and controls when compared to the infected patients (OR=0.2889, P<.0001 and OR=0.3016, P<.0001, respectively). On the other hand, the frequency of DQB1*06:01:01 and QB1*05:01:01:01 alleles was not associated with infection (comparison of infected and cleared patients showed OR of 2.1598 [P<.01]), but it becomes nonsignificant after adjustments with the Bonferroni formula (PC >0.05) and OR= 1.3523, P>.05, respectively. This study shows that clearance of HCV is associated with DQB1*03:01:01:01 allele and chronicity of HCV infection associated with the risk allele: DQB1*02:01:01.
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Affiliation(s)
- M El-Bendary
- Tropical Medicine & Hepatology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - M Neamatallah
- Medical Biochemistry, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - G Esmat
- Tropical Medicine & Hepatology, Cairo Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - E Kamel
- Public Health & Preventive Medicine Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - H Elalfy
- Tropical Medicine & Hepatology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - T Besheer
- Tropical Medicine & Hepatology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - D Eldeib
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - A-H Eladl
- Internal Medicine Department, Alazhar Faculty of Medicine- Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - M El-Setouhy
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Ain Shams Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A-H El-Gilany
- Public Health & Preventive Medicine Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - A El-Waseef
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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14
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Rehman SU, Rauf M, Abbas Z, Hamed MH, Qadri I. Role of Some Predominant Host Immunomodulators' Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Severity of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2016; 29:536-545. [PMID: 27676210 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B and C infections can be either acute or chronic. The chronic infection can culminate in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Influence of the host genetic makeup on conversion of acute to chronic infection, development of cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma is an interesting area of research. Variability in different immune system genes may account for such differences in the outcome of infection. This article discusses single nucleotide polymorphisms in different host immunomodulator genes that have been frequently reported to influence the outcome of infection and severity of disease. The genetic variability could be utilized for the prediction of disease outcome and treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiq Ur Rehman
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahd Rauf
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zaigham Abbas
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammed Haroon Hamed
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University , Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishtiaq Qadri
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University , Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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15
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Influence of IFNL3 and HLA-DPB1 genotype on postpartum control of hepatitis C virus replication and T-cell recovery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:10684-9. [PMID: 27601657 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602337113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is characterized by exhaustion of virus-specific T-cells and stable viremia. Pregnancy is an exception. Viremia gradually climbs during gestation but sometimes declines sharply in the months following delivery. Here, we demonstrated that postpartum HCV control was associated with enhanced virus-specific T-cell immunity. Women with viral load declines of at least 1 log10 between the third trimester and 3-mo postpartum exhibited HCV-specific T-cell responses of greater breadth (P = 0.0052) and magnitude (P = 0.026) at 3-mo postpartum than women who failed to control viremia. Moreover, viral dynamics were consistent in women after consecutive pregnancies, suggesting genetic underpinnings. We therefore searched for genetic associations with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and IFN-λ3 gene (IFNL3) polymorphisms that influence HCV infection outcome. Postpartum viral control was associated with the IFNL3 rs12979860 genotype CC (P = 0.045 at 6 mo) that predicts a positive response to IFN-based therapy. Suppression of virus replication after pregnancy was also strongly influenced by the HLA class II DPB1 locus. HLA-DPB1 alleles are classified by high and low patterns of expression. Carriage of at least one high-expression HLA-DPB1 allele predicted resurgent virus-specific T-cell immunity and viral control at 3-mo postpartum (P = 0.0002). When considered together in multivariable analysis, IFNL3 and HLA-DPB1 independently affected viral control at 3- and 6-mo postpartum. Together, these findings support a model where spontaneous control of HCV such as sometimes follows pregnancy is governed by genetic polymorphisms that affect type III IFN signaling and virus-specific cellular immune responses.
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16
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Huang J, Huang K, Xu R, Wang M, Liao Q, Xiong H, Li C, Tang X, Shan Z, Zhang M, Rong X, Nelson K, Fu Y. The Associations of HLA-A*02:01 and DRB1*11:01 with Hepatitis C Virus Spontaneous Clearance Are Independent of IL28B in the Chinese Population. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31485. [PMID: 27511600 PMCID: PMC4980596 DOI: 10.1038/srep31485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) occurs in 10-40% of the infections. Specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles have been identified in associating with HCV clearance. However, data on the association of HLA with the spontaneous clearance of HCV are scarce in the Chinese population. In the current study we studied the HLA class I and class II genes in 231 Chinese voluntary blood donors who had cleared HCV infection spontaneously compared to 429 subjects with chronic HCV infections. We also studied their IL28B SNP (rs8099917) genotype, since a number of investigators have found a strong association of IL28B with spontaneous or treatment induced HCV clearance. We found that HLA-A*02:01 and DQB1*05:02 distributed differently between the two groups after Bonferroni correction (odds ratio [OR] = 1.839, Pc = 0.024 and OR = 0.547, Pc = 0.016, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that A*02:01 and DRB1*11:01 (OR = 1.798, P = 0.008 and OR = 1.921, P = 0.005, respectively) were associated with HCV spontaneous clearance, independent of age, gender and IL28B polymorphism. We concluded that in the Chinese population, HLA-A*02:01 and DRB1*11:01 might be associated with the host capacity to clear HCV independent of IL28B, which suggesting that the innate and adaptive immune responses both play an important role in the control of HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Huang
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Key Medical Disciplines and Specialties Program of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Key Medical Disciplines and Specialties Program of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ru Xu
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Key Medical Disciplines and Specialties Program of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Wang
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Key Medical Disciplines and Specialties Program of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao Liao
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Key Medical Disciplines and Specialties Program of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaping Xiong
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Key Medical Disciplines and Specialties Program of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengyao Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Tang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengang Shan
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Key Medical Disciplines and Specialties Program of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Xia Rong
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Key Medical Disciplines and Specialties Program of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kenrad Nelson
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yongshui Fu
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Key Medical Disciplines and Specialties Program of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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17
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Huang J, Xiong L, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhu Q, Lei J, Zhou Z. Association between the HLA-DQB1 polymorphisms and the susceptibility of chronic hepatitis B: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:557-566. [PMID: 27123247 PMCID: PMC4840628 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQB1 gene are associated with chronic inflammatory and immunological diseases. Host genetic factors have a key role in the development of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the HLA-DQB1 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to CHB. PubMed, Embase, CNKI and Wanfang databases were searched for the studies that reported the association of the HLA-DQB1 polymorphisms with CHB between January 1, 1966 and July 30, 2015. HLA-DQB1 polymorphism-specific odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were pooled and calculated in the fixed effects model using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Q-test and I2 test were performed to examine the heterogeneity. Begg's funnel test and Egger's test were conducted to assess publication bias. All the statistical tests were two-tailed. Subsequent to searching the databases and screening according to the inclusion criteria, 7 case-control studies were available in the present meta-analysis, including 815 CHB patients and 731 control subjects for the HLA-DQB1 polymorphisms. In conclusion, the statistically significant pooled OR of the HLA-DQB1 polymorphisms were obtained for the HLA-DQB1 loci (*0201, case vs. CONTROL I2=36.5%; P-value of heterogeneity=0.15; OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.02-1.64; P=0.0301; *0301, case vs. CONTROL I2=0%; P-value of heterogeneity=0.899; OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.12-1.69; P=0.002; *0502, case vs. CONTROL I2=24.9%; P-value of heterogeneity=0.239; OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.02-2.20; P=0.04), which were associated with an increased risk of CHB. Similar significant results were observed and acquired in the following HLA-DQB1 loci (*0303, case vs. CONTROL I2=0%; P-value of heterogeneity=0.986; OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62-0.95; P=0.017; *0604, case vs. CONTROL I2=0%; P-value of heterogeneity=0.594; OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.20-0.74; P=0.003), which were associated with a decreased risk of CHB. No significant association was observed for the other HLA-DQB1 family loci. The present meta-analysis demonstrated that the HLA-DQB1 loci (*0201, *0301 and *0502) polymorphisms were significantly associated with an increased risk of CHB. However, HLA-DQB1 loci polymorphisms (*0303 and *0604) were associated with a decreased risk of CHB. These results support the hypothesis that polymorphisms of the HLA-DQB1 allele families may affect the susceptibility or resistance to CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Liangshi Xiong
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Yongfang Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Qirong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lei
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghui Zhou
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
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18
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Matsuura K, Tanaka Y. Host genetic variants influencing the clinical course of hepatitis C virus infection. J Med Virol 2015. [PMID: 26211651 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The clinical course of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection greatly differs in individuals. Various viral, host, and environmental factors influence the natural history of HCV infection. Recent genome-wide association studies identified several host genetic factors influencing treatment efficacy or clinical course in HCV infection. A landmark discovery was that IFNL3-IFNL4 variants are strongly associated with responses to interferon-based treatment. Genetic variants in IFNL3-IFNL4 as well as those in HLA class II loci influence the spontaneous clearance of acute HCV infection. Interestingly, these genetic variants also affect the activity of hepatitis, or disease progression in chronic hepatitis C. In addition, polymorphisms in apoptosis-related genes such as RNF7, TULP1, and MERTK are associated with fibrosis progression, and DEPDC5 and MICA variants are associated with HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Understanding the genetic factors associated with the clinical course of HCV infection is essential for personalized treatment and surveillance of disease progression and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Matsuura
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical CenterInfectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Alleles Are Associated with Hepatitis C Virus Natural Susceptibility in the Chinese Population. Int J Mol Sci 2015. [PMID: 26213920 PMCID: PMC4581170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160816792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecule influences host antigen presentation and anti-viral immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within HLA class II gene were associated with different clinical outcomes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Three HLA class II SNPs (rs3077, rs2395309 and rs2856718) were genotyped by TaqMan assay among Chinese population, including 350 persistent HCV infection patients, 194 spontaneous viral clearance subjects and 973 HCV-uninfected control subjects. After logistic regression analysis, the results indicated that the rs2856718 TC genotype was significantly associated with the protective effect of the HCV natural susceptibility (adjusted OR: 0.712, 95% CI: 0.554–0.914) when compared with reference TT genotype, and this remained significant after false discovery rate (FDR) correction (p = 0.024). Moreover, the protective effect of rs2856718 was observed in dominant genetic models (adjusted OR: 0.726, 95% CI: 0.574–0.920), and this remained significant after FDR correction (p = 0.024). In stratified analysis, a significant decreased risk was found in rs2856718C allele in the male subgroup (adjusted OR: 0.778, 95% CI: 0.627–0.966) and hemodialysis subgroup (adjusted OR: 0.713, 95% CI: 0.552–0.921). Our results indicated that the genetic variations of rs2856718 within the HLA-DQ gene are associated with the natural susceptibility to HCV infection among the Chinese population.
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Gheorghe L, Rugină S, Dumitru IM, Franciuc I, Martinescu A, Balaş I. HLA class II alleles in Romanian patients with chronic hepatitis C. Germs 2015; 5:44-9. [PMID: 26097834 DOI: 10.11599/germs.2015.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of the study was to determine the association of host human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genotype DRB1 alleles with the response to interferon therapy, viral loads and extent of liver fibrosis in a group of Romanian patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C, with different clinical outcomes. Class II HLA genes, particularly the HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 genes, have been shown to have an important role in self-limiting or persistent viral infection, in different genetic populations. In chronic hepatitis C both susceptible and protective alleles have been described, influencing the development of autoimmunity and progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS The study included 54 patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C, registered and monitored from January 2014 to January 2015 at the Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Constanţa, Romania. The selected patients were positive for anti-HCV antibodies and HCV-RNA, with screening laboratory results indicating HCV genotype 1b. The method used for the assignment of alleles at HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 loci was molecular genotyping, by the sequence specific oligonucleotide (SSO) hybridization method, and when required, by the sequence specific primers method (SSP). The presence of different alleles in patients has been analyzed for statistical significance. RESULTS The presence of HLA-DRB1*0301 had a high frequency (14.8%) in null-responders (NR) while alleles DRB1*0701 (11.1%), DRB1*11# (22.2%) and DRB1*0101 (16.7%) were prevalent in sustained virologic responders (SVR). No significant correlation was found between the presence of HLA-DRB1* alleles and viral loads or liver fibrosis with p values not statistically significant after the Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSION The presented data suggest that in this group of Romanian patients, certain HLA alleles influence the therapeutic response in HCV infection and genetic predisposition may play a role in hepatitis C virus infection in those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Gheorghe
- MD, Ovidius University of Constanţa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics
| | - Sorin Rugină
- MD, PhD, Ovidius University of Constanţa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases
| | - Irina Magdalena Dumitru
- MD, PhD, Ovidius University of Constanţa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases
| | - Irina Franciuc
- MD, PhD, Ovidius University of Constanţa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics
| | - Alina Martinescu
- MD, PhD, Ovidius University of Constanţa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics
| | - Iulia Balaş
- MD, Ovidius University of Constanţa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics
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Fitzmaurice K, Hurst J, Dring M, Rauch A, McLaren PJ, Günthard HF, Gardiner C, Klenerman P. Additive effects of HLA alleles and innate immune genes determine viral outcome in HCV infection. Gut 2015; 64:813-9. [PMID: 24996883 PMCID: PMC4392199 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic HCV infection is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity globally. The innate and adaptive immune responses are thought to be important in determining viral outcomes. Polymorphisms associated with the IFNL3 (IL28B) gene are strongly associated with spontaneous clearance and treatment outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the importance of HLA genes in the context of genetic variation associated with the innate immune genes IFNL3 and KIR2DS3. DESIGN We assess the collective influence of HLA and innate immune genes on viral outcomes in an Irish cohort of women (n=319) who had been infected from a single source as well as a more heterogeneous cohort (Swiss Cohort, n=461). In the Irish cohort, a number of HLA alleles are associated with different outcomes, and the impact of IFNL3-linked polymorphisms is profound. RESULTS Logistic regression was performed on data from the Irish cohort, and indicates that the HLA-A*03 (OR 0.36 (0.15 to 0.89), p=0.027) -B*27 (OR 0.12 (0.03 to 0.45), p=<0.001), -DRB1*01:01 (OR 0.2 (0.07 to 0.61), p=0.005), -DRB1*04:01 (OR 0.31 (0.12 to 0.85, p=0.02) and the CC IFNL3 rs12979860 genotypes (OR 0.1 (0.04 to 0.23), p<0.001) are significantly associated with viral clearance. Furthermore, DQB1*02:01 (OR 4.2 (2.04 to 8.66), p=0.008), KIR2DS3 (OR 4.36 (1.62 to 11.74), p=0.004) and the rs12979860 IFNL3 'T' allele are associated with chronic infection. This study finds no interactive effect between IFNL3 and these Class I and II alleles in relation to viral clearance. There is a clear additive effect, however. Data from the Swiss cohort also confirms independent and additive effects of HLA Class I, II and IFNL3 genes in their prediction of viral outcome. CONCLUSIONS This data supports a critical role for the adaptive immune response in the control of HCV in concert with the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob Hurst
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Emerging Infection, The Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Megan Dring
- Natural Killer Cell Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andri Rauch
- University Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paul J McLaren
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Huldrych F Günthard
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clair Gardiner
- Natural Killer Cell Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Buchanan R, Hydes T, Khakoo SI. Innate and adaptive genetic pathways in HCV infection. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2015; 85:231-40. [PMID: 25708172 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) leads to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. This heterogeneity is underpinned by the host immune response and the genetic factors that govern it. Polymorphisms affecting both the innate and adaptive immunity determine the outcome of exposure. However the innate immune system appears to play a greater role in determining treatment-associated responses. Overall the effects of IFNL3/4 appear dominant over other polymorphic genes. Understanding how host genetics determines the disease phenotype has not been as intensively studied. This review summarizes our current understanding of innate and adaptive immunogenetic factors in the outcome of HCV infection. It focuses on how they relate to resolution and the progression of HCV-related liver disease, in the context of current and future treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Buchanan
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Bertol BC, Moreira S, Garcia RFL, Ferreira LE, Debortoli G, Pinho MDSL, Amendola-Pires M, Maciel AMDA, Brandço-Mello CE, de França PHC. IL28B gene polymorphisms in mono- and HIV-coinfected chronic hepatitis C patients. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:153. [PMID: 25788894 PMCID: PMC4349181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance were identified near the IL28B gene. Coinfection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) influences the course of HCV contributing to liver damage. Nevertheless, little is known about the relationship between these SNPs and HCV/HIV coinfection. Our aim was to estimate the frequencies of the allelic and genotypic variants of the IL28B polymorphisms rs12979860 (C/T) and rs8099917 (T/G) and their possible association with the establishment of HCV infection. Methodology: A total of 199 non-infected controls and 230 patients with chronic hepatitis C, including 53 coinfected with HIV, participated in the study. Genotyping consisted of polymerase chain reaction and subsequent analysis of the restriction patterns resulting from exposure to endonucleases. Results: Among the controls with established results, 47.4% (90/190) exhibited the rs12979860 CC genotype, 43.7 CT, and 8.9% TT, whereas 29.1% (66/227), 51.5%, and 19.4% of the patients exhibited the CC, CT, and TT genotypes, respectively. With respect to rs8099917, 66.8% (133/199) of the controls exhibited the TT genotype, 31.2% TG, and 2.0% GG, whereas 56.1% (129/230), 40.9%, and 3.0% of the patients exhibited the TT, TG, and GG genotypes, respectively. Conclusion: The frequencies of the rs12979860 C allele and CC genotype and of the rs8099917 T allele and TT genotype were significantly higher among controls compared with patients, thus confirming the suggested protective effect against HCV infection. No significant difference was observed in the genotype and allelic distributions between the mono- and coinfected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna C Bertol
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, Universidade da Região de Joinville Joinville, Brazil
| | - Simone Moreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, Universidade da Região de Joinville Joinville, Brazil
| | - Raquel F L Garcia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, Universidade da Região de Joinville Joinville, Brazil ; Hospital Municipal São José, Joinville Brazil
| | - Leslie E Ferreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, Universidade da Região de Joinville Joinville, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Debortoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, Universidade da Região de Joinville Joinville, Brazil
| | - Mauro de Souza Leite Pinho
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, Universidade da Região de Joinville Joinville, Brazil ; Hospital Municipal São José, Joinville Brazil
| | - Marcia Amendola-Pires
- Hospital Universitário Gaffrée Guinle - Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Carlos E Brandço-Mello
- Hospital Universitário Gaffrée Guinle - Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Paulo H C de França
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, Universidade da Região de Joinville Joinville, Brazil
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Gededzha MP, Mphahlele MJ, Selabe SG. Prediction of T-cell epitopes of hepatitis C virus genotype 5a. Virol J 2014; 11:187. [PMID: 25380768 PMCID: PMC4289306 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a public health problem with almost 185 million people estimated to be infected worldwide and is one of the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, there is no vaccine for HCV infection and the current treatment does not clear the infection in all patients. Because of the high diversity of HCV, protective vaccines will have to overcome significant viral antigenic diversities. The objective of this study was to predict T-cell epitopes from HCV genotype 5a sequences. Methods HCV near full-length protein sequences were analyzed to predict T-cell epitopes that bind human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and HLA class II in HCV genotype 5a using Propred I and Propred, respectively. The Antigenicity score of all the predicted epitopes were analysed using VaxiJen v2.0. All antigenic predicted epitopes were analysed for conservation using the IEDB database in comparison with 406, 221, 98, 33, 45, 45 randomly selected sequences from each of the HCV genotypes 1a, 1b, 2, 3, 4 and 6 respectively, downloaded from the GenBank. For epitope prediction binding to common HLA alleles found in South Africa, the IEDB epitope analysis tool was used. Results A total of 24 and 77 antigenic epitopes that bind HLA class I and HLA class II respectively were predicted. The highest number of HLA class I binding epitopes were predicted within the NS3 (63%), followed by NS5B (21%). For the HLA class II, the highest number of epitopes were predicted in the NS3 (30%) followed by the NS4B (23%) proteins. For conservation analysis, 8 and 31 predicted epitopes were conserved in different genotypes for HLA class I and HLA class II alleles respectively. Several epitopes bind with high affinity for both HLA class I alleles and HLA class II common in South Africa. Conclusion The predicted conserved T-cell epitopes analysed in this study will contribute towards the future design of HCV vaccine candidates which will avoid variation in genotypes, which in turn will be capable of inducing broad HCV specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Selokela G Selabe
- HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus/National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Ocal S, Selcuk H, Korkmaz M, Altun R, Yildirim AE, Akbas E. Effect of HLA on hepatitis C virus clearance and persistence in anti-HCV-positive end-stage renal disease patients. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:175-81. [PMID: 24976281 PMCID: PMC4067914 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.133007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The efficacy of immune response against hepatitis C virus (HCV) is determined by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules of the host which present HCV antigens to CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible relationship between the frequencies of certain HLA class I-II alleles and the natural history of HCV in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). SETTINGS AND DESIGN This is a retrospective cohort study conducted in a university hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS The present study comprised 189 ESRD patients (candidates for renal transplantation) who had positive anti-HCV antibody test. The results concerning HCV and HLA status were gathered from patients' files. The viral persistence was compared between the groups that were determined by HLA sub-typing. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Statistical evaluation was performed using Mann-Whitney U-test, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. Level of error was set at 0.05 for all statistical evaluations, and P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS We found possible association between the course of HCV infection and specific HLA alleles. HLA class I CwFNx016 and HLA class II DRBFNx0110 alleles were observed more frequently in the viral clearance group (P < 0.05). The HLA class I BFNx0138 allele group was more prone to develop chronic hepatitis C (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that HLA class I CwFNx016 and HLA class II DRBFNx0110 alleles may be associated with immunological elimination of HCV in Turkish patients on hemodialysis. HLA sub-typing could help predict the prognosis of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Ocal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey,Address for correspondence: Dr. Serkan Ocal, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, 06500, Bahcelievler, Ankara, Turkey. E-mail:
| | - Haldun Selcuk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Korkmaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Reskan Altun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdullah E. Yildirim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Enver Akbas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Human leukocyte antigen class II alleles (DQB1 and DRB1) as predictors for response to interferon therapy in HCV genotype 4. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:392746. [PMID: 23576852 PMCID: PMC3612450 DOI: 10.1155/2013/392746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigens class II play an important role in immune response against HCV. We investigated whether HLA class II alleles influence susceptibility to HCV infection and response to interferon therapy. HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 loci were genotyped using PCR-SSO Luminex technology. According to our regimen, 41 (66%) of patients achieved sustained virological response to combined treatment of IFN and ribavirin. Frequencies of DQB1∗0313 allele and DRB1∗04-DRB1∗11, DQB1∗0204-DQB1∗0313, DQB1∗0309-DQB1∗0313, and DQB1∗0313-DQB1∗0319 haplotypes were significantly more frequent in nonresponders than in responders. In contrast, DQB1∗02, DQB1∗06, DRB1∗13, and DRB1∗15 alleles were significantly more frequent in responders than in nonresponders. Similarly, DRB1∗1301, DRB1∗1361, and DRB1∗1369 alleles and DRB1∗1301-DRB1∗1328, DRB1∗1301-DRB1∗1361, DRB1∗1301-DRB1∗1369, DRB1∗1328-DRB1∗1361, and DRB1∗1328-DRB1∗1369 haplotypes were significantly found only in responders. Some alleles and linkages showed significantly different distributions between patient and healthy groups. These alleles may be used as predictors for response to treatment or to susceptibility to HCV infection in the Egyptian population.
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Das R, Rathod SB, Alagarasu K, Arankalle VA, Tripathy AS. Altered expressions of peripheral CD11c, CD80, CD83 markers and associations of HLA class II allele and haplotypes in self-limiting Hepatitis E infection. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:277-85. [PMID: 23246582 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV), the major cause of self limiting viral hepatitis, is associated with a robust humoral, moderate CD4 T cell and CTL response. However, key questions like the probable involvement of HLA class II alleles and peripheral DCs/monocytes in regulating the innate and adaptive immune responses in Hepatitis E remain unanswered. One eighty four self- limiting Hepatitis E patients and 283 anti-HEV negative controls from Western India were studied for the distribution of HLA class II alleles and the frequencies of peripheral CD80, CD83, CD86, HLA-DR and CD11c by PCR SSP method and flow cytometry respectively. Frequency of DRB1(∗)11 allele group was significantly low while haplotypes DRB1(∗)15/DQB1(∗)06 and DRB1(∗)10/DQB1(∗)05 were significantly high in the patient population. CD11c, CD80 and CD83 expressions were high in the patient groups. CD11c expression was positively associated with viral load. CD86 expression was significantly low in the patients having DQB1(∗)06 allele. Association of HLA-DRB1(∗)11 and the emergence of DRB1(∗)15/DQB1(∗)06 and DRB1(∗)10/DQB1(∗)05 as susceptible haplotypes towards HEV infection is being reported for the first time. Positive correlation of CD11c with HEV viral load suggested that increased frequencies of the same might be associated with HEV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumki Das
- Hepatitis Group, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
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Marangon AV, Silva GF, de Moraes CFV, Grotto RMT, Pardini MIMC, de Pauli DS, Visentainer JEL, Sell AM, Moliterno RA. Protective effect of HLA-DRB1 11 and predisposition of HLA-C 04 in the development of severe liver damage in Brazilian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Scand J Immunol 2012; 76:440-7. [PMID: 22803655 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes in patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and to analyse the possible role of these genes in the progression of chronic hepatitis C. One hundred and forty-five (145) Brazilian patients infected only with HCV genotype 1 were evaluated. HLA class I (A, B, C) and class II (DRB1, DQA1, DQB1) typing were carried out by PCR-SSO, through Luminex technology. Associations were found with protection against development of liver damage by both DRB1 11 (5.0% versus 18.2%, P=0.0016, OR=0.23, CI 95% = 0.09-0.58; Pc=0.0208) and DRB1 11-DQA1 05-DQB1 03 haplotype (4.2% versus 15.3%, P=0.0032; OR = 0.24, CI 95% = 0.08-0.64). Liver damage was associated with HLA-C 04 in patients with <20 years of infection (38.4% versus 9.1%, P = 0.002, OR = 6.25, CI 95%=1.97-19.7; Pc=0.0238). It is concluded that HLA alleles can influence the development of liver damage in HCV type-1 chronically infected Brazilian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Marangon
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Maringá State University, UEM, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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Lương KVQ, Nguyễn LTH. Theoretical basis of a beneficial role for vitamin D in viral hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:5338-50. [PMID: 23082050 PMCID: PMC3471102 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i38.5338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal bone metabolism and dysfunction of the calcium-parathyroid hormone-vitamin D axis have been reported in patients with viral hepatitis. Some studies suggested a relationship between vitamin D and viral hepatitis. Genetic studies have provided an opportunity to identify the proteins that link vitamin D to the pathology of viral hepatitis (i.e., the major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, the vitamin D receptor, cytochrome P450, the renin-angiotensin system, apolipoprotein E, liver X receptor, toll-like receptor, and the proteins regulated by the Sp1 promoter gene). Vitamin D also exerts its effects on viral hepatitis via non-genomic factors, i.e., matrix metalloproteinase, endothelial vascular growth factor, prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase-2, and oxidative stress. In conclusion, vitamin D could have a beneficial role in viral hepatitis. Calcitriol is best used for viral hepatitis because it is the active form of the vitamin D3 metabolite.
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Amini M, Poustchi H. Hepatitis C virus spontaneous clearance: immunology and genetic variance. Viral Immunol 2012; 25:241-8. [PMID: 22823386 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2011.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the most common chronic viral infections in the world. Approximately 80-90% of acutely infected individuals develop persistent infection, which is a major risk for liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. However, a small portion of patients (10-20%) clear the virus. Clinical outcomes of HCV infection are determined by the interplay between the host immune response, and viral and environmental factors. In regulating immune responses, cytokines play an indispensable role that controls the underlying pathogenesis and the resulting outcome of HCV infection. Cytokines themselves are manipulated by polymorphisms in their genes. In fact, the majority of genetic variants that apparently confer a significant risk for chronic HCV infection have been localized in genes involved in cytokine synthesis and the ultimate immune response. So far, treatment strategies for HCV infection have remained controversial. Genotyping of different polymorphisms will aid clinical decision making for both current standard and personalized care. Genotyping can potentially be useful for future integration of other agents, which provides an opportunity for clinicians to personalize treatment regimens for HCV patients. This review summarizes findings of different studies on host immune responses after HCV infection and the association between cytokine gene polymorphisms and the likelihood of HCV clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzyeh Amini
- Digestive Disease Research Centre, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical science, Tehran, Iran
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Guo Z, Zhang H, Rao H, Jiang D, Cong X, Feng B, Wang J, Wei L, Chen H. DCs pulsed with novel HLA-A2-restricted CTL epitopes against hepatitis C virus induced a broadly reactive anti-HCV-specific T lymphocyte response. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38390. [PMID: 22701633 PMCID: PMC3373515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with single or multiple-peptide mixtures of novel hepatitis C virus (HCV) epitopes to stimulate HCV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector functions. Methods A bioinformatics approach was used to predict HLA-A2-restricted HCV-specific CTL epitopes, and the predicted peptides identified from this screen were synthesized. Subsequent IFN-γ ELISPOT analysis detected the stimulating function of these peptides in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from both chronic and self-limited HCV infected subjects (subjects exhibiting spontaneous HCV clearance). Mature DCs, derived in vitro from CD14+ monocytes harvested from the study subjects by incubation with appropriate cytokine cocktails, were loaded with novel peptide or epitope peptide mixtures and co-cultured with autologous T lymphocytes. Granzyme B (GrB) and IFN-γ ELISPOT analysis was used to test for epitope-specific CTL responses. T-cell-derived cytokines contained in the co-cultured supernatant were detected by flow cytometry. Results We identified 7 novel HLA-A2-restricted HCV-specific CTL epitopes that increased the frequency of IFN-γ-producing T cells compared to other epitopes, as assayed by measuring spot forming cells (SFCs). Two epitopes had the strongest stimulating capability in the self-limited subjects, one found in the E2 and one in the NS2 region of HCV; five epitopes had a strong stimulating capacity in both chronic and self-limited HCV infection, but were stronger in the self-limited subjects. They were distributed in E2, NS2, NS3, NS4, and NS5 regions of HCV, respectively. We also found that mDCs loaded with novel peptide mixtures could significantly increase GrB and IFN-γ SFCs as compared to single peptides, especially in chronic HCV infection subjects. Additionally, we found that DCs pulsed with multiple epitope peptide mixtures induced a Th1-biased immune response. Conclusions Seven novel and strongly stimulating HLA-A2-restricted HCV-specific CTL epitopes were identified. Furthermore, DCs loaded with multiple-epitope peptide mixtures induced epitope-specific CTLs responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsheng Guo
- Hepatology Institute, Peking University, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Henghui Zhang
- Hepatology Institute, Peking University, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Rao
- Hepatology Institute, Peking University, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Hepatology Institute, Peking University, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cong
- Hepatology Institute, Peking University, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Hepatology Institute, Peking University, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- Hepatology Institute, Peking University, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Hepatology Institute, Peking University, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hongsong Chen
- Hepatology Institute, Peking University, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
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Thimme R, Binder M, Bartenschlager R. Failure of innate and adaptive immune responses in controlling hepatitis C virus infection. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2012; 36:663-83. [PMID: 22142141 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Marangon AV, Moliterno RA, Sell AM, de Moraes CFV, Grotto RMT, Pardini MC, De Pauli DS, Visentainer JEL, Silva GF. Influence of HLA alleles in response to treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Int J Immunogenet 2012; 39:296-302. [PMID: 22284614 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2012.01088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyse the possible role of HLA polymorphism of chronically infected hepatitis C virus patients in the response outcome to treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha plus ribavirin. To that end, 144 Brazilian patients infected only with genotype 1 of the virus were treated with pegylated interferon-alpha at 1.5 μg kg(-1) in conjunction with ribavirin (1000 mg if patient weight was <75 kg and 1250 mg if >75 kg) for 48 weeks. The patients did not have concomitant HBV or HIV infections or liver disease, did not undergo previous antiviral treatment, and were followed up for 24 weeks after the end of treatment to assure they presented a sustained virological response. Patients were classified according to response to treatment in responsive (SVR), nonresponsive (NRS) and relapsers (REL). HLA class I and class II typing were carried out through PCR-SSO using Luminex technology. A statistically higher frequency of DRB1*11 patients was observed in the SVR group (39.6% vs. 14.3%P = 0.0012; Pc = 0.0156; OR = 3.94; 95% CI = 1.8-8.8). HLA-DQB1*03 patients were also more frequent in the SVR group, but the P value lost significance after Bonferroni correction (62.3% vs. 41.7%P = 0.024; Pc = 0.14, OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.14-4.60). HLA class II antigens can positively influence the response to treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Marangon
- Department of Basic Sciences, Immunogenetics Laboratory, Maringá State University, UEM, Maringá-PR, Brazil.
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Cangussu LOF, Teixeira R, Campos EF, Rampim GF, Mingoti SA, Martins-Filho OA, Gerbase-DeLima M. HLA class II alleles and chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Scand J Immunol 2011; 74:282-287. [PMID: 21535077 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate association of human leucocyte antigens (HLA)-DRB1 and DQB1 polymorphisms with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and with the occurrence of severe liver fibrosis/cirrhosis in chronically infected patients. Ninety-nine white patients, from southeast Brazil, with confirmed HCV chronic infection were included in the study. Severe fibrosis/cirrhosis (METAVIR scores F3-F4) was present in 49 patients. HLA-DRB1 specificities and DRB1*11 and DQB1* alleles were determined by PCR-SSP, and their frequencies were compared between patients and a control group of 103 healthy white Brazilian individuals. The results confirmed previous reports of the association of DRB1*11 and DQB1*03 with protection from chronic HCV infection, but did not confirm their association with protection from severe fibrosis/cirrhosis. Furthermore, the results suggested that the polymorphic sites on HLA molecules responsible for protection from chronic HCV infection are encoded not only by the DRB1*1101 and DQB1*0301, as suggested in the literature, but also by other DRB1*11 and DQB1*03 alleles. Thus, we hypothesized that the common polymorphic residues shared by different DRB1*11 and/or DQB1*03 alleles might be responsible for selection of viral epitopes for presentation to CD4(+) T cells, leading to an efficient immune response against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L O F Cangussu
- Viral Hepatitis Division, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilInternal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilImmunogenetics Division, Pediatrics Departament, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilInstituto de Ciencias Exatas, ICEX, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R Teixeira
- Viral Hepatitis Division, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilInternal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilImmunogenetics Division, Pediatrics Departament, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilInstituto de Ciencias Exatas, ICEX, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - E F Campos
- Viral Hepatitis Division, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilInternal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilImmunogenetics Division, Pediatrics Departament, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilInstituto de Ciencias Exatas, ICEX, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G F Rampim
- Viral Hepatitis Division, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilInternal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilImmunogenetics Division, Pediatrics Departament, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilInstituto de Ciencias Exatas, ICEX, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - S A Mingoti
- Viral Hepatitis Division, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilInternal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilImmunogenetics Division, Pediatrics Departament, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilInstituto de Ciencias Exatas, ICEX, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - O A Martins-Filho
- Viral Hepatitis Division, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilInternal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilImmunogenetics Division, Pediatrics Departament, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilInstituto de Ciencias Exatas, ICEX, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M Gerbase-DeLima
- Viral Hepatitis Division, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilInternal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilImmunogenetics Division, Pediatrics Departament, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilInstituto de Ciencias Exatas, ICEX, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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de Almeida BS, Silva GMF, da Silva PM, Perez RDM, Figueiredo FAF, Porto LC. Ethnicity and route of HCV infection can influence the associations of HLA with viral clearance in an ethnically heterogeneous population. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18:692-9. [PMID: 21914086 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2010.01429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected individuals clear the virus. Host factors that influence the course of HCV infection are still under investigation, and the data on the association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and HCV clearance are scarce and controversial. The aims of this study were to investigate whether HLA alleles are associated with clearance of HCV infection in a highly admixed Brazilian population and whether these associations could be influenced by ethnicity and route of infection. HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1 genotyping were performed in 135 HCV-infected Brazilian patients among which 45 cleared HCV infection (cases) and 90 had persistent viral infection (controls). Controls were matched by sex, ethnicity (withes and non-whites) and route of infection (high infectious dose or low infectious dose). No significant association was identified between HLA alleles and the outcome of HCV infection when analyzing the sample as a single group. However, a new protective association of HLA-DQB1*04 (P = 0.006; P(c) = 0.030) and a rarely described association of HLA-DRB1*08 (P = 0.004; P(c) = 0.048) were found only among white patients. The DRB1*11 allele, previously reported in homogeneous population, was associated with HCV clearance (P = 0.020) only among patients with expected high-dose exposure. These findings confirm the influence of ethnicity on the associations of HLA with spontaneous viral clearance of HCV infection and emphasize the possible influence of route of infection in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S de Almeida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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36
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de Rueda PM, López-Nevot MÁ, Sáenz-López P, Casado J, Martín-Casares A, Palomares P, Quiles R, Gila A, Romero-Gómez M, Pavón EJ, Muñoz JA, Carazo A, Sanz-Cameno P, Moreno-Otero R, Diago M, León J, Ruiz-Extremera A, Salmerón J. Importance of host genetic factors HLA and IL28B as predictors of response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Am J Gastroenterol 2011; 106:1246-54. [PMID: 21670772 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2011.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Viral factors are considered the best predictors of response to treatment for chronic hepatitis C (CHC), but genetic factors are known to have an important role in this respect. This paper investigates the relationships among the host genetic factors HLA and IL28B, viral factors, and the outcome of combination therapy. METHODS A multicenter retrospective cohort of 428 previously untreated CHC patients was treated with pegylated interferon/ribavirin (pegIFN/RBV) for 48 weeks. In all, 378 (88%) of these patients were genotype 1 or 4, and 50 (12%) were genotype 2 or 3. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression showed the rs12979860 CC genotype (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=4.3, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.6-7), the HLA-DQB1*0301 allele (aOR=2.08, 95% CI: 1.2-3.5) and age, viral genotype, and viral load levels to be significantly associated with sustained virological response (SVR). When the variable rs12979860 was eliminated, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) decreased significantly (0.76 vs. 0.69; P=0.03). AUC values derived from viral factors were lower than those corresponding to host genetic factors (0.67 vs. 0.72, respectively; P=0.04). The HLA-DQB1*0301 and A*0201 alleles were associated with rs12979860 CC genotype and SVR (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The HLA-DQB1*0301 allele and IL28B genotype are factors that are associated independently with SVR. There is a synergism between the HLA-DQB1*0301 and HLA-A*0201 alleles with polymorphism rs12979860 CC, which increases the SVR rate. IL28B genotype is the best predictor of SVR.
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37
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Pár A. [Genetic polymorphisms as predictors of response to antiviral treatment in chronic hepatitis C virus infection]. Orv Hetil 2011; 152:876-81. [PMID: 21565755 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2011.29113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The review discusses the genetic polymorphisms involved in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, that may determine the outcome of disease. In this field earlier both certain major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles and some cytokine gene variants have also been studied. Recently, the genome-wide association study (GWAS) and targeted single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis have revealed that a variant in the promoter region of interleukin-28B (IL-28B) gene is strongly linked to viral clearance and it may be the strongest pretreatment predictor of treatment response in chronic hepatitis C. Last year it was shown that two genetic variants leading to inosine triphosphatase deficiency protect against haemolytic anemia in patients receiving ribavirin during antiviral treatment for chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alajos Pár
- Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Klinikai Központ I. Belgyógyászati Klinika Pécs Ifjúság u. 13. 7624.
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38
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Akbar HO. Can chronic hepatitis C resolve spontaneously? Case report and review. Arab J Gastroenterol 2011; 12:51-3. [PMID: 21429458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is variably prevalent around the world and is usually a blood-borne infection. Most patients will have subclinical infection at the onset, but patients who develop acute hepatitis can spontaneously clear the virus upon immune activation. Up to 80% of CHC patients will progress to chronic infection. CHC is unlikely to clear spontaneously. This article describes two female patients with transfusion-acquired CHC diagnosed by both positive hepatitis C virus (HCV)-Ab and hepatitis C virus-polymerase chain reaction (HCV-PCR) tests. Both patients cleared the infection spontaneously after more than 5 and 25years of CHC infection, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham O Akbar
- King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Mangia A, Santoro R, Sarli R, Mottola L, Piazzolla V, Petruzzellis D, Bacca D, Clemente R, Copetti M, di Mauro L, Lotti G, Sacco M, Stefano I. IL28B CC-genotype association with HLA-DQB1*0301 allele increases the prediction of spontaneous HCV RNA clearance in thalassaemic HCV-infected patients. Antivir Ther 2011; 16:1309-16. [PMID: 22155912 DOI: 10.3851/imp1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), upstream of the IL28B gene has been recently associated with natural clearance of HCV. In a well-characterized cohort of patients with thalassaemia major exposed to the risk of acquiring HCV infection by blood transfusions, we aimed to replicate this finding and to evaluate whether combining the IL28B genotype and HLA class II alleles allow viral clearance to be accurately predicted. METHODS Of 168 patients, 130 with complete clinical history were included in the analysis. According with their HCV antibodies status 13 were defined HCV resistant, and 117 infected. Infected patients were subdivided, giving 49 with self-limiting and 68 with ongoing infection. RESULTS IL28B CC-genotype was observed in 32 patients with self-limiting and in 23 with ongoing infection (64% versus 34%; P=0.004). HLA DQB1*0301 allele was associated with viral clearance in 36 cases (73%; P<0.0001). Both DQB1*0301 and IL28B CC-genotype were found to be independent predictors of HCV clearance (OR=5.64, 95% CI 1.52-20.9 and OR=5.76, 95% CI 2.16-15.33, respectively). With the addition of DQB1*0301, the accuracy of the prediction increased from 63% to 69%. CONCLUSIONS In addition to IL28B CC-genotype, HLA DQB1*0301 helps in predicting natural clearance of HCV after acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mangia
- Liver Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
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Grünhage F, Nattermann J. Viral hepatitis: human genes that limit infection. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2010; 24:709-23. [PMID: 20955972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Treatment response and susceptibility to chronic viral hepatitis C and B may be modified by host genetic factors. The majority of genetic variants that confer a significant risk have been localized in genes involved in immune response. However, many findings could not be replicated and almost none of the identified risk factors had a noticeable impact on clinical decisions. In contrast, recent findings in independent large genome wide association studies confirmed genetic variants in the interferon gamma gene locus as strong predictors of outcome with outstanding clinical relevance. This review gives an overview on significant genetic susceptibility factors for susceptibility and treatment outcome in chronic viral hepatitis C and B that have been identified by the classical candidate gene approach and genome wide studies and also highlights some recent findings on genetic factors for common adverse drug reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Grünhage
- Medical Department II, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrbergerstr. 1, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
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41
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Ali L, Mansoor A, Ahmad N, Siddiqi S, Mazhar K, Muazzam AG, Qamar R, Khan KM. Patient HLA-DRB1* and -DQB1* allele and haplotype association with hepatitis C virus persistence and clearance. J Gen Virol 2010; 91:1931-1938. [PMID: 20392899 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.018119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is prevalent throughout the world and interferon (IFN)-based treatments are currently the only therapeutic option. However, depending upon variations in their human leukocyte antigen (HLA), some patients do not respond well to IFN therapy. The current study evaluated the HLA allele and haplotype distribution of 204 HCV-seropositive individuals from Islamabad, Pakistan, who were receiving standard IFN therapy. In this cohort, 150 patients (74%) showed a sustained virological response to IFN therapy, whereas 54 (26%) did not. In addition to the HCV patients, 102 unrelated healthy volunteers were used as controls. DNA was isolated from the blood of the patients and controls for HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 allele typing, whilst plasma was used for HCV detection and genotyping. HLA-DRB1*04 was found to impart a significant protective advantage [Bonferroni-corrected P value (pc)=0.047] against HCV infection. In patients on IFN therapy, HLA-DRB1*11 and -DQB1*0301 (pc=0.044) were found to be associated with viral clearance. In contrast, HLA-DRB1*07 (pc=0.008) individually or in combination with HLA-DQB1*02 was found to be associated with viral persistence. These associations of HLA with HCV persistence or clearance will be beneficial in deciding the therapeutic regimen for Pakistani patients infected with HCV genotype 3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Ali
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), PO Box No. 2891, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Atika Mansoor
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), PO Box No. 2891, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Nafees Ahmad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, HelmHoltz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), PO Box No. 2891, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Siddiqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), PO Box No. 2891, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Kehkashan Mazhar
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), PO Box No. 2891, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen G Muazzam
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), PO Box No. 2891, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Shifa College of Medicine, Pitras Bokhari Road H-8/4, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.,COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Khalid M Khan
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
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Zhang X, Dou J, Germann MW. Characterization of the cellular immune response in hepatitis C virus infection. Med Res Rev 2010; 29:843-66. [PMID: 19378287 DOI: 10.1002/med.20157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV), a hepatotropic RNA virus, is a major causative agent of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinomas. The host immune responses, especially cellular immune responses, play an important role in viral clearance, liver injury, and persistent HCV infection. A thorough characterization of the HCV cellular immune responses is important for understanding the interplays between host immune system and viral components, as well as for developing effective therapeutic and prophylactic HCV vaccines. Recent advances that provide better understanding the cell immune responses in HCV infection are summarized in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
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43
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Influence of selected HLA tissue compatibility antigens on the course and efficacy of viral hepatitis C treatment--actual knowledge position. Adv Med Sci 2009; 54:14-9. [PMID: 19482730 DOI: 10.2478/v10039-009-0002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a common problem. Combined treatment with interferon and ribavirin improved treatment efficacy, but still high percentage of infected patients has not reached virus elimination. It was found that HCV infection course, but also treatment efficacy among other things can depend on patient's individual factors, including MHC genes structure for HLA tissue compatibility antigens. Many connections between HLA system and HCV infection course were noted. There are some reports concerning connections between MHC structure and results of chronic hepatitis C treatment with interferon. In future, results of investigations connected with this problem can allow to verify qualification criteria for treatment with alpha-interferon, because actual knowledge position has been too inconspicuous to have practical significance.
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Molecular and Contextual Markers of Hepatitis C Virus and Drug Abuse. Mol Diagn Ther 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03256323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
Following their discovery in the early 1970s, classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci have been the prototypical candidates for genetic susceptibility to infectious disease. Indeed, the original hypothesis for the extreme variability observed at HLA loci (H-2 in mice) was the major selective pressure from infectious diseases. Now that both the human genome and the molecular basis of innate and acquired immunity are understood in greater detail, do the classical HLA loci still stand out as major genes that determine susceptibility to infectious disease? This review looks afresh at the evidence supporting a role for classical HLA loci in susceptibility to infectious disease, examines the limitations of data reported to date, and discusses current advances in methodology and technology that will potentially lead to greater understanding of their role in infectious diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenefer M Blackwell
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, P.O. Box 855, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6872.
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Abstract
Following their discovery in the early 1970s, classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci have been the prototypical candidates for genetic susceptibility to infectious disease. Indeed, the original hypothesis for the extreme variability observed at HLA loci (H-2 in mice) was the major selective pressure from infectious diseases. Now that both the human genome and the molecular basis of innate and acquired immunity are understood in greater detail, do the classical HLA loci still stand out as major genes that determine susceptibility to infectious disease? This review looks afresh at the evidence supporting a role for classical HLA loci in susceptibility to infectious disease, examines the limitations of data reported to date, and discusses current advances in methodology and technology that will potentially lead to greater understanding of their role in infectious diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenefer M Blackwell
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, P.O. Box 855, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6872.
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Shapshak P, Somboonwit C, Drumright LN, Frost SDW, Commins D, Tellinghuisen TL, Scott WK, Duncan R, McCoy C, Page JB, Giunta B, Fernandez F, Singer E, Levine A, Minagar A, Oluwadara O, Kotila T, Chiappelli F, Sinnott JT. Molecular and contextual markers of hepatitis C virus and drug abuse. Mol Diagn Ther 2009; 13:153-79. [PMID: 19650670 PMCID: PMC4447498 DOI: 10.2165/01250444-200913030-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The spread of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection involves a complex interplay of social risks, and molecular factors of both virus and host. Injection drug abuse is the most powerful risk factor for HCV infection, followed by sexual transmission and additional non-injection drug abuse factors such as co-infection with other viruses and barriers to treatment. It is clearly important to understand the wider context in which the factors related to HCV infection occur. This understanding is required for a comprehensive approach leading to the successful prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HCV. An additional consideration is that current treatments and advanced molecular methods are generally unavailable to socially disadvantaged patients. Thus, the recognition of behavioral/social, viral, and host factors as components of an integrated approach to HCV is important to help this vulnerable group. Equally important, this approach is key to the development of personalized patient treatment - a significant goal in global healthcare. In this review, we discuss recent findings concerning the impact of drug abuse, epidemiology, social behavior, virology, immunopathology, and genetics on HCV infection and the course of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Shapshak
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampa General Hospital, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA.
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El-Chennawi FA, Auf FA, Metwally SS, Mosaad YM, El-Wahab MA, Tawhid ZE. HLA-class II alleles in Egyptian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunol Invest 2008; 37:661-74. [PMID: 18821214 DOI: 10.1080/08820130802111605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is linked to environmental, dietary, and life style factors. Its incidence and distribution vary widely among ethnic groups, sex, and geographic regions. HBV and HCV Infection, liver cirrhosis, male gender, and old age are important risk factors of HCC. Variability in outcome following exposure, and the clustering of HCC within families raise the possibility that genetic factors are also involved in susceptibility to HCC. The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) plays a key role in anti-virus and tumor defense. HLA polymorphism is implicated in conferring genetic susceptibility to a large number of immune-mediated diseases, including some cancers. The association between HLA class II antigen and HCC in different ethnic populations that has been reported is controversial. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the association between HLA class II-DRB1 and DQB1 polymorphism and HCC in Egyptian patients and to investigate their role as risk factors for the development of HCC. METHODS HLA-class II (DRB1 and DQB1) typing was done by SSP for 100 subjects; 50 patients suffering from HCC (45 males and 5 females) with age range 40-64 years (51.16 years (y) +/- 6.16); and 50 normal healthy control subjects. RESULTS 1. A significantly increased frequency of DRB1*04, and DQB1 *02 in HCC patients versus control group (p = 0.016, and 0.032, respectively) was found; 2. A significantly decreased frequency of DQB1*06 (p = 0.032) was found; 3. A significantly increased frequency of DRB1*07 (odds ratio (OR) = 4.929) was found; and 4. A significantly decreased frequency of DRB1*15 (OR = 0.316) was seen. In conclusion, while some alleles are significantly associated with HCC (DRB1*04, DQB1*02) and others are not associated (DQB1*06); therefore, it can be concluded that the DRB1*04 and DQB1*02 alleles might be risk factors for the occurrence of HCC (OR = 4.373 and 3.807, respectively), and DQB1*06 may be a protective allele (OR = 0.259).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farha A El-Chennawi
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Thimme R, Neumann-Haefelin C, Boettler T, Blum HE. Adaptive immune responses to hepatitis C virus: from viral immunobiology to a vaccine. Biol Chem 2008; 389:457-67. [PMID: 18953713 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2008.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes chronic infection in approximately two-thirds of cases, leading to chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, liver disease, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma in a substantial proportion of the 170 million HCV-infected individuals worldwide. It is generally accepted that the cellular immune response plays the most important role in determining the outcome of HCV infection. First, vigorous, multispecific and sustained CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses are associated with viral clearance. Second, depletion studies in chimpanzees, the only other host of HCV besides humans, have shown that both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells are required for virus elimination. Third, the host's human leukocyte antigen alleles, which restrict the repertoire of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, influence the outcome of infection. Of note, protective immunity has been demonstrated in population-based studies, as well as in experimentally infected chimpanzees. Thus, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the failure of the antiviral immune response should allow successful development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Bruno R, Sacchi P. Spontaneous Hepatitis C Virus Clearance in HIV‐Infected Patients: New Insights for Improving Management. J Infect Dis 2008; 198:1262-4. [DOI: 10.1086/592173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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