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Wood J, Palms D, Dabare R, Vasilev K, Bright R. Exploring the Challenges of Characterising Surface Topography of Polymer-Nanoparticle Composites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1275. [PMID: 39120379 PMCID: PMC11313880 DOI: 10.3390/nano14151275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Nanomechanical testing plays a crucial role in evaluating surfaces containing nanoparticles. Testing verifies surface performance concerning their intended function and detects any potential shortcomings in operational standards. Recognising that nanostructured surfaces are not always straightforward or uniform is essential. The chemical composition and morphology of these surfaces determine the end-point functionality. This can entail a layered surface using materials in contrast to each other that may require further modification after nanomechanical testing to pass performance and quality standards. Nanomechanical analysis of a structured surface consisting of a poly-methyl oxazoline film base functionalised with colloidal gold nanoparticles was demonstrated using an atomic force microscope (AFM). AFM nanomechanical testing investigated the overall substrate architecture's topographical, friction, adhesion, and wear parameters. Limitations towards its potential operation as a biomaterial were also addressed. This was demonstrated by using the AFM cantilever to apply various forces and break the bonds between the polymer film and gold nanoparticles. The AFM instrument offers an insight to the behaviour of low-modulus surface against a higher-modulus nanoparticle. This paper details the bonding and reaction limitations between these materials on the application of an externally applied force. The application of this interaction is highly scrutinised to highlight the potential limitations of a functionalised surface. These findings highlight the importance of conducting comprehensive nanomechanical testing to address concerns related to fabricating intricate biomaterial surfaces featuring nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wood
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (J.W.); (R.D.)
| | - Dennis Palms
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Ruvini Dabare
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (J.W.); (R.D.)
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Richard Bright
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
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2
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Vlassov S, Oras S, Trausa A, Tiirats T, Butanovs E, Polyakov B, Zadin V, Kyritsakis A. Reshaping Covalent Nanowires by Exploiting an Unexpected Plasticity Mediated by Deformation Twinning. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304614. [PMID: 37670206 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanowires (NWs) are among the most studied nanostructures as they have numerous promising applications thanks to their various unique properties. Furthermore, the properties of NWs can be tailored during synthesis by introducing structural defects such as nano-twins, periodic polytypes, and kinks, i.e., abrupt changes in their axial direction. Here, this work reports for the first time the postsynthesis formation of such defects, achieved by exploiting a peculiar plasticity that may occur in nanosized covalent materials. Specifically, in this work the authors found that single-crystal CuO NWs can form double kinks when subjected to external mechanical loading. Both the microscopy and atomistic modeling suggest that deformation-induced twinning along the( 1 ¯ 10 ) $( {\bar{1}10} )$ plane is the mechanism behind this effect. In a single case the authors are able to unkink a NW back to its initial straight profile, indicating the possibility of reversible plasticity in CuO NWs, which is supported by the atomistic simulations. The phenomenon reported here provides novel insights into the mechanisms of plastic deformation in covalent NWs and offers potential avenues for developing techniques to customize the shape of NWs postsynthesis and introduce new functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Vlassov
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Sven Oras
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Annamarija Trausa
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Riga, LV-1063, Latvia
| | - Tauno Tiirats
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Edgars Butanovs
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Riga, LV-1063, Latvia
| | - Boris Polyakov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Riga, LV-1063, Latvia
| | - Veronika Zadin
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Andreas Kyritsakis
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
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3
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Kim J. Characterization of Biocompatibility of Functional Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040457. [PMID: 37106644 PMCID: PMC10135811 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting with suitable bioinks has become a critical tool for fabricating 3D biomimetic complex structures mimicking physiological functions. While enormous efforts have been devoted to developing functional bioinks for 3D bioprinting, widely accepted bioinks have not yet been developed because they have to fulfill stringent requirements such as biocompatibility and printability simultaneously. To further advance our knowledge of the biocompatibility of bioinks, this review presents the evolving concept of the biocompatibility of bioinks and standardization efforts for biocompatibility characterization. This work also briefly reviews recent methodological advances in image analyses to characterize the biocompatibility of bioinks with regard to cell viability and cell-material interactions within 3D constructs. Finally, this review highlights a number of updated contemporary characterization technologies and future perspectives to further advance our understanding of the biocompatibility of functional bioinks for successful 3D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinku Kim
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
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4
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Qiaorun Z, Honghong S, Yao L, Bing J, Xiao X, Julian McClements D, Chongjiang C, Biao Y. Investigation of the interactions between food plant carbohydrates and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Food Res Int 2022; 159:111574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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5
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Eremin DB, Galushko AS, Boiko DA, Pentsak EO, Chistyakov IV, Ananikov VP. Toward Totally Defined Nanocatalysis: Deep Learning Reveals the Extraordinary Activity of Single Pd/C Particles. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6071-6079. [PMID: 35319871 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous catalysis is typically considered "well-defined" from the standpoint of catalyst structure unambiguity. In contrast, heterogeneous nanocatalysis often falls into the realm of "poorly defined" systems. Supported catalysts are difficult to characterize due to their heterogeneity, variety of morphologies, and large size at the nanoscale. Furthermore, an assortment of active metal nanoparticles examined on the support are negligible compared to those in the bulk catalyst used. To solve these challenges, we studied individual particles of the supported catalyst. We made a significant step forward to fully characterize individual catalyst particles. Combining a nanomanipulation technique inside a field-emission scanning electron microscope with neural network analysis of selected individual particles unexpectedly revealed important aspects of activity for widespread and commercially important Pd/C catalysts. The proposed approach unleashed an unprecedented turnover number of 109 attributed to individual palladium on a nanoglobular carbon particle. Offered in the present study is the Totally Defined Catalysis concept that has tremendous potential for the mechanistic research and development of high-performance catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry B Eremin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Bridge Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, California 90089-3502, United States
| | - Alexey S Galushko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Daniil A Boiko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeniy O Pentsak
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Igor V Chistyakov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
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6
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Quality control methods in musculoskeletal tissue engineering: from imaging to biosensors. Bone Res 2021; 9:46. [PMID: 34707086 PMCID: PMC8551153 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is rapidly progressing toward clinical application. In the musculoskeletal field, there has been an increasing necessity for bone and cartilage replacement. Despite the promising translational potential of tissue engineering approaches, careful attention should be given to the quality of developed constructs to increase the real applicability to patients. After a general introduction to musculoskeletal tissue engineering, this narrative review aims to offer an overview of methods, starting from classical techniques, such as gene expression analysis and histology, to less common methods, such as Raman spectroscopy, microcomputed tomography, and biosensors, that can be employed to assess the quality of constructs in terms of viability, morphology, or matrix deposition. A particular emphasis is given to standards and good practices (GXP), which can be applicable in different sectors. Moreover, a classification of the methods into destructive, noninvasive, or conservative based on the possible further development of a preimplant quality monitoring system is proposed. Biosensors in musculoskeletal tissue engineering have not yet been used but have been proposed as a novel technology that can be exploited with numerous advantages, including minimal invasiveness, making them suitable for the development of preimplant quality control systems.
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Habibnejad Korayem M, Farid AA, Hefzabad RN. Nonclassical dynamic modeling of nano/microparticles during nanomanipulation processes. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:147-166. [PMID: 32082958 PMCID: PMC7006494 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the manipulation of particles using atomic force microscopy is not observable in real-time, modeling the manipulation process is of notable importance, enabling us to investigate the dynamical behavior of nanoparticles. To model this process, previous studies employed classical continuum mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations which had certain limitations; the former does not consider size effects at the nanoscale while the latter is time consuming and faces computational restrictions. To optimize accuracy and computational costs, a new nonclassical modeling of the nanomanipulation process based on the modified couple stress theory is proposed that includes the size effects. To this end, after simulating the critical times and forces that are required for the onset of nanoparticle motion on the substrate, along with the dominant motion mode, the nonclassical theory of continuum mechanics and a developed von Mises yield criterion are employed to investigate the dynamical behavior of a cylindrical gold nanoparticle during manipulation. Timoshenko and Euler-Bernoulli beam theories based on the modified couple stress theory are used to model the dynamics of cylindrical gold nanoparticles while the finite element method is utilized to solve the governing equations of motion. The results show a difference of 90% between the classical and nonclassical models in predicting the maximum deflection before the beginning of the dominant mode and a difference of more than 25% in the dynamic modeling of a 200 nm manipulation of a gold nanoparticle with a length of 25 µm and aspect ratio of 30. This difference increases with each increment of the aspect ratio and reduction of manipulation distance. Furthermore, by applying an extended von Mises criterion on the modified couple stress theory, it is found that the failure aspect ratio of a cylindrical gold nanoparticle based on nonclassical models is 212% more than that of the classical model. In the end, the results are compared with those of the classical method on polystyrene nanorods. The results for cylindrical gold nanoparticles indicate that the material length scale has a major effect on the exact positioning of cylindrical nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moharam Habibnejad Korayem
- Robotic Research Laboratory, Center of Excellence in Experimental Solid Mechanics and Dynamics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Farid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouzbeh Nouhi Hefzabad
- Robotic Research Laboratory, Center of Excellence in Experimental Solid Mechanics and Dynamics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Nechifor G, Totu EE, Nechifor AC, Constantin L, Constantin AM, Cărăuşu ME, Isildak I. Added value recyclability of glass fiber waste as photo-oxidation catalyst for toxic cytostatic micropollutants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:136. [PMID: 31924816 PMCID: PMC6954219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increased interest in recycling valuable waste materials for usage in procedures with high added values. Silica microparticles are involved in the processes of catalysis, separation, immobilization of complexants, biologically active compounds, and different nanospecies, responding to restrictive requirements for selectivity of various chemical and biochemical processes. This paper presents the surface modification of accessible and dimensionally controlled recycled silica microfiber with titanium dioxide. Strong base species in organic solvents: methoxide, ethoxide, propoxide, and potassium butoxide in corresponding alcohol, activated the glass microfibres with 12-13 µm diameter. In the photo-oxidation process of a toxic micro-pollutant, cyclophosphamide, the new composite material successfully proved photocatalytic effectiveness. The present work fulfills simultaneously two specific objectives related to the efforts directed towards a sustainable environment and circular economy: recycling of optical glass microfibers resulted as waste from the industry, and their usage for the photo-oxidation of highly toxic emerging micro-pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe Nechifor
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugenia Eftimie Totu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, 060042, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Aurelia Cristina Nechifor
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian Constantin
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND Bucharest, 71-73 Drumul Podul Dambovitei Str., 060652, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Mirela Constantin
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND Bucharest, 71-73 Drumul Podul Dambovitei Str., 060652, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Elena Cărăuşu
- Department of Public Health and Management, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ibrahim Isildak
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34210, Esenler-Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Oras S, Vlassov S, Vigonski S, Polyakov B, Antsov M, Zadin V, Lõhmus R, Mougin K. The effect of heat treatment on the morphology and mobility of Au nanoparticles. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:61-67. [PMID: 31976197 PMCID: PMC6964656 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper, we investigate the effect of heat treatment on the geometry and mobility of Au nanoparticles (NPs) on a Si substrate. Chemically synthesized Au NPs of diameter ranging from 5 to 27 nm were annealed at 200, 400, 600 and 800 °C for 1 h. A change in the geometry from faceted to more rounded shapes were observed with increasing annealing temperature. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the NPs become rounded due to the minimization of the surface area and the transition to lower energy surface types {111} and {100}. The NPs were manipulated on a silica substrate with an atomic force microscope (AFM) in tapping mode. Initially, the NPs were immovable by AFM energy dissipation. However, annealed NPs became movable, and less energy was required to displace the NPs annealed at higher temperature. However, after annealing at 800 °C, the particles became immovable again. This effect was attributed to the diffusion of Au into the Si substrate and to the growth of the SiO2 layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Oras
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi tn 1, 50412, Tartu, Estonia
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute Alsace, Institut de Science des Matériaux, IS2M-CNRS-UMR 7361, 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
- Tallinn University of Technology, Tartu College, Puiestee 78, Tartu, 51008, Estonia
| | - Sergei Vlassov
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi tn 1, 50412, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Simon Vigonski
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Boris Polyakov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga street 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
| | - Mikk Antsov
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi tn 1, 50412, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vahur Zadin
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rünno Lõhmus
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi tn 1, 50412, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karine Mougin
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute Alsace, Institut de Science des Matériaux, IS2M-CNRS-UMR 7361, 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
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10
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Vanossi A, Dietzel D, Schirmeisen A, Meyer E, Pawlak R, Glatzel T, Kisiel M, Kawai S, Manini N. Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:1995-2014. [PMID: 30116691 PMCID: PMC6071713 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Friction is the oldest branch of non-equilibrium condensed matter physics and, at the same time, the least established at the fundamental level. A full understanding and control of friction is increasingly recognized to involve all relevant size and time scales. We review here some recent advances on the research focusing of nano- and mesoscale tribology phenomena. These advances are currently pursued in a multifaceted approach starting from the fundamental atomic-scale friction and mechanical control of specific single-asperity combinations, e.g., nanoclusters on layered materials, then scaling up to the meso/microscale of extended, occasionally lubricated, interfaces and driven trapped optical systems, and eventually up to the macroscale. Currently, this "hot" research field is leading to new technological advances in the area of engineering and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vanossi
- CNR-IOM Democritos National Simulation Center, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Dirk Dietzel
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Giessen, 33492 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andre Schirmeisen
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Giessen, 33492 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Pawlak
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Glatzel
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Kisiel
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shigeki Kawai
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Nicola Manini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
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11
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Bi Z, Cai W, Wang Y, Shang G. Direct manipulation of metallic nanosheets by shear force microscopy. J Microsc 2018; 271:222-229. [PMID: 29762874 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Micro/nanomanipulation is a rapidly growing technology and holds promising applications in various fields, including photonic/electronic devices, chemical/biosensors etc. In this work, we present that shear force microscopy (ShFM) can be exploited to manipulate metallic nanosheets besides imaging. The manipulation is realized via controlling the shear force sensor probe position and shear force magnitude based on our homemade ShFM system under an optical microscopy for in situ observation. The main feature of the ShFM system is usage of a piezoelectric bimorph sensor, which has the ability of self-excitation and detection. Moreover, the shear force magnitude as a function of the spring constant of the sensor and setpoint is obtained, which indicates that operation modes can be switched between imaging and manipulation through designing the spring constant before experiment and changing the setpoint during manipulation process, respectively. We believe that this alternative manipulation technique could be used to assemble other nanostructures with different shapes, sizes and compositions for new properties and wider applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bi
- Department of Applied Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Measurement-Manipulation and Physics (Ministry of Education), Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - W Cai
- Department of Applied Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Measurement-Manipulation and Physics (Ministry of Education), Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Measurement-Manipulation and Physics (Ministry of Education), Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - G Shang
- Department of Applied Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Measurement-Manipulation and Physics (Ministry of Education), Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Vlassov S, Oras S, Antsov M, Butikova J, Lõhmus R, Polyakov B. Low-friction nanojoint prototype. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:195707. [PMID: 29469059 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aab163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High surface energy of individual nanostructures leads to high adhesion and static friction that can completely hinder the operation of nanoscale systems with movable parts. For instance, silver or gold nanowires cannot be moved on silicon substrate without plastic deformation. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate an operational prototype of a low-friction nanojoint. The movable part of the prototype is made either from a gold or silver nano-pin produced by laser-induced partial melting of silver and gold nanowires resulting in the formation of rounded bulbs on their ends. The nano-pin is then manipulated into the inverted pyramid (i-pyramids) specially etched in a Si wafer. Due to the small contact area, the nano-pin can be repeatedly tilted inside an i-pyramid as a rigid object without noticeable deformation. At the same time in the absence of external force the nanojoint is stable and preserves its position and tilt angle. Experiments are performed inside a scanning electron microscope and are supported by finite element method simulations.
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13
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Oras S, Vlassov S, Berholts M, Lõhmus R, Mougin K. Tuning adhesion forces between functionalized gold colloidal nanoparticles and silicon AFM tips: role of ligands and capillary forces. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29527440 PMCID: PMC5827705 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion forces between functionalized gold colloidal nanoparticles (Au NPs) and scanning probe microscope silicon tips were experimentally investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) equipped with PeakForce QNM (Quantitative Nanoscale Mechanics) module. Au NPs were synthesized by a seed-mediated process and then functionalized with thiols containing different functional groups: amino, hydroxy, methoxy, carboxy, methyl, and thiol. Adhesion measurements showed strong differences between NPs and silicon tip depending on the nature of the tail functional group. The dependence of the adhesion on ligand density for different thiols with identical functional tail-group was also demonstrated. The calculated contribution of the van der Waals (vdW) forces between particles was in good agreement with experimentally measured adhesive values. In addition, the adhesion forces were evaluated between flat Au films functionalized with the same molecular components and silicon tips to exclude the effect of particle shape on the adhesion values. Although adhesion values on flat substrates were higher than on their nanoparticle counterparts, the dependance on functional groups remained the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Oras
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi tn 1, 50412, Tartu, Estonia
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute Alsace, Institut de Science des Matériaux, IS2M-CNRS-UMR 7361, 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Sergei Vlassov
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi tn 1, 50412, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marta Berholts
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi tn 1, 50412, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Rünno Lõhmus
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi tn 1, 50412, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karine Mougin
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute Alsace, Institut de Science des Matériaux, IS2M-CNRS-UMR 7361, 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
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14
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Cao N, Xie S, Wu Z, Liu M, Li H, Pu H, Luo J, Gong Z. Interactive Micromanipulation of Picking and Placement of Nonconductive Microsphere in Scanning Electron Microscope. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:mi8080257. [PMID: 30400446 PMCID: PMC6190178 DOI: 10.3390/mi8080257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, classified theoretical models, consisting of contact with and placement of microsphere and picking operations, are simplified and established to depict the interactive behaviors of external and internal forces in pushing manipulations, respectively. Sliding and/or rolling cases, resulting in the acceleration of micromanipulations, are discussed in detail. Effective contact detection is achieved by combining alterations of light-shadow and relative movement displacement between the tip-sphere. Picking operations are investigated by typical interactive positions and different end tilt angles. Placements are realized by adjusting the proper end tilt angles. These were separately conducted to explore the interactive operations of nonconductive glass microspheres in a scanning electron microscope. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed contact detection method can efficiently protect the end-tip from damage, regardless of operator skills in initial positioning operations. E-beam irradiation onto different interactive positions with end tilt angles can be utilized to pick up microspheres without bending the end-tip. In addition, the results of releasing deviations away from the pre-setting point were utilized to verify the effectiveness of the placement tilt angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Shaorong Xie
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Zhizheng Wu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Mei Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Hengyu Li
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Huayan Pu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Zhenbang Gong
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Vlassov S, Polyakov B, Oras S, Vahtrus M, Antsov M, Šutka A, Smits K, Dorogin LM, Lõhmus R. Complex tribomechanical characterization of ZnO nanowires: nanomanipulations supported by FEM simulations. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:335701. [PMID: 27377119 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/33/335701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we demonstrate a novel approach to nanotribological measurements based on the bending manipulation of hexagonal ZnO nanowires (NWs) in an adjustable half-suspended configuration inside a scanning electron microscope. A pick-and-place manipulation technique was used to control the length of the adhered part of each suspended NW. Static and kinetic friction were found by a 'self-sensing' approach based on the strain profile of the elastically bent NW during manipulation and its Young's modulus, which was separately measured in a three-point bending test with an atomic force microscope. The calculation of static friction from the most bent state was completely reconsidered and a novel more realistic crack-based model was proposed. It was demonstrated that, in contrast to assumptions made in previously published models, interfacial stresses in statically bent NW are highly localized and interfacial strength is comparable to the bending strength of NW measured in respective bending tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Vlassov
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, 50412, Tartu, Estonia
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