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Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Huang X, Song L, Polsky K, Wu Y, Kheradmand F, Guo Y, Green LK, Corry DB, Knight JM. Novel acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis model induced by airway mycosis and high dose lipopolysaccharide. Respir Res 2021; 22:263. [PMID: 34629055 PMCID: PMC8503997 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhalation of fungal spores is a strong risk factor for severe asthma and experimentally leads to development of airway mycosis and asthma-like disease in mice. However, in addition to fungal spores, humans are simultaneously exposed to other inflammatory agents such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with uncertain relevance to disease expression. To determine how high dose inhalation of LPS influences the expression of allergic airway disease induced by the allergenic mold Aspergillus niger (A. niger). METHODS C57BL/6J mice were intranasally challenged with the viable spores of A. niger with and without 1 μg of LPS over two weeks. Changes in airway hyperreactivity, airway and lung inflammatory cell recruitment, antigen-specific immunoglobulins, and histopathology were determined. RESULTS In comparison to mice challenged only with A. niger, addition of LPS (1 μg) to A. niger abrogated airway hyperresponsiveness and strongly attenuated airway eosinophilia, PAS+ goblet cells and TH2 responses while enhancing TH1 and TH17 cell recruitment to lung. Addition of LPS resulted in more severe, diffuse lung inflammation with scattered, loosely-formed parenchymal granulomas, but failed to alter fungus-induced IgE and IgG antibodies. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the strongly allergic lung phenotype induced by fungal spores alone, addition of a relatively high dose of LPS abrogates asthma-like features, replacing them with a phenotype more consistent with acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). These findings extend the already established link between airway mycosis and asthma to HP and describe a robust model for further dissecting the pathophysiology of HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zeng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xinyan Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lizhen Song
- Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Katherine Polsky
- Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yubiao Guo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Linda K Green
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Center, 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David B Corry
- Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - John M Knight
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Mesenchymal stromal cells-derived exosomes alleviate ischemia/reperfusion injury in mouse lung by transporting anti-apoptotic miR-21-5p. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 852:68-76. [PMID: 30682335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MiR-21-5p is an anti-apoptotic miRNA known to mediate the protective effect of mesenchymal stromal cell-secreted exosomes (MSC-Exo) against oxidative stress-induced cell death. In the present research we employed murine lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model and in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model using primary murine pulmonary endothelial cells to investigate whether MSC-Exo could alleviate lung IRI by transporting miR-21-5p. Our data suggested that intratracheal administration of MSC-Exo or miR-21-5p agomir significantly reduced lung edema and dysfunction, M1 polarization of alveolar macrophages as well as secretion of HMGB1, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α. Pre-challenge of MSCs by H/R significant increased miR-21-5p expression level in exosomes they secreted and the anti-IRI effect of these MSC-Exo, while pre-treatment of MSCs with miR-21-5p antagomir showed opposite effect. We further demonstrated that MSC-Exo ameliorated IRI in vivo or H/R induced apoptosis in vitro by inhibiting both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathway via miR-21-5p targeting PTEN and PDCD4, while artificial overexpressing PTEN or PDCD4 significantly attenuated the anti-apoptotic effect of MSC-Exo in vitro. Treatment with miR-21-5p agomir mimicked the IRI-reducing and anti-apoptotic effect of MSC-Exo. Our data suggested that MSC-Exo alleviate IRI in lung in an exosomal miR-21-5p-dependent manner. Treatment with MSC-Exo or miR-21-5p agomir might ameliorate IRI in lung.
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Ascaris Larval Infection and Lung Invasion Directly Induce Severe Allergic Airway Disease in Mice. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00533-18. [PMID: 30249744 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00533-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm) is the most common helminth infection globally and a cause of lifelong morbidity that may include allergic airway disease, an asthma phenotype. We hypothesize that Ascaris larval migration through the lungs leads to persistent airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and type 2 inflammatory lung pathology despite resolution of infection that resembles allergic airway disease. Mice were infected with Ascaris by oral gavage. Lung AHR was measured by plethysmography and histopathology with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stains, and cytokine concentrations were measured by using Luminex Magpix. Ascaris-infected mice were compared to controls or mice with allergic airway disease induced by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge (OVA/OVA). Ascaris-infected mice developed profound AHR starting at day 8 postinfection (p.i.), peaking at day 12 p.i. and persisting through day 21 p.i., despite resolution of infection, which was significantly increased compared to controls and OVA/OVA mice. Ascaris-infected mice had a robust type 2 cytokine response in both the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue, similar to that of the OVA/OVA mice, including interleukin-4 (IL-4) (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively), IL-5 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), and IL-13 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01), compared to controls. By histopathology, Ascaris-infected mice demonstrated early airway remodeling similar to, but more profound than, that in OVA/OVA mice. We found that Ascaris larval migration causes significant pulmonary damage, including AHR and type 2 inflammatory lung pathology that resembles an extreme form of allergic airway disease. Our findings indicate that ascariasis may be an important cause of allergic airway disease in regions of endemicity.
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Dua K, Shukla SD, Hansbro PM. Aspiration techniques for bronchoalveolar lavage in translational respiratory research: Paving the way to develop novel therapeutic moieties. J Biol Methods 2017; 4:e73. [PMID: 31453230 PMCID: PMC6706109 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2017.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a simple, yet informative tool in understanding the immunopathology of various lung diseases via quantifying various inflammatory cells, cytokines and growth factors. At present, this traditional method is often blended with several robust and sophisticated molecular and biological techniques sustaining the significance and longevity of this technique. Crucially, the existence of slightly distinct approaches and variables employed at different laboratories around the globe in performing BAL aspiration indeed demands an utmost need to optimize and develop an effective, cost-effective and a reproducible technique. This mini review will be of importance to the biological translational scientist, particularly respiratory researchers in understanding the fundamentals and approaches to apply and consider with BAL aspiration techniques. This will ensure generating a meaningful and clinically relevant data which in turn accelerate the development of new and effective therapeutic moieties for major respiratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Shakti D Shukla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Knight JM, Mak G, Shaw J, Porter P, McDermott C, Roberts L, You R, Yuan X, Millien VO, Qian Y, Song LZ, Frazier V, Kim C, Kim JJ, Bond RA, Milner JD, Zhang Y, Mandal PK, Luong A, Kheradmand F, McMurray JS, Corry DB. Long-Acting Beta Agonists Enhance Allergic Airway Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142212. [PMID: 26605551 PMCID: PMC4659681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common of medical illnesses and is treated in part by drugs that activate the beta-2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR) to dilate obstructed airways. Such drugs include long acting beta agonists (LABAs) that are paradoxically linked to excess asthma-related mortality. Here we show that LABAs such as salmeterol and structurally related β2-AR drugs such as formoterol and carvedilol, but not short-acting agonists (SABAs) such as albuterol, promote exaggerated asthma-like allergic airway disease and enhanced airway constriction in mice. We demonstrate that salmeterol aberrantly promotes activation of the allergic disease-related transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) in multiple mouse and human cells. A novel inhibitor of STAT6, PM-242H, inhibited initiation of allergic disease induced by airway fungal challenge, reversed established allergic airway disease in mice, and blocked salmeterol-dependent enhanced allergic airway disease. Thus, structurally related β2-AR ligands aberrantly activate STAT6 and promote allergic airway disease. This untoward pharmacological property likely explains adverse outcomes observed with LABAs, which may be overcome by agents that antagonize STAT6.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists/adverse effects
- Albuterol/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Anti-Asthmatic Agents/adverse effects
- Arrestins/deficiency
- Arrestins/genetics
- Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary/drug therapy
- Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary/genetics
- Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary/metabolism
- Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary/pathology
- Aspergillus niger/physiology
- Asthma/chemically induced
- Asthma/drug therapy
- Asthma/genetics
- Asthma/metabolism
- Bronchoconstriction/drug effects
- Carbazoles/adverse effects
- Carvedilol
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Formoterol Fumarate/adverse effects
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Peptidomimetics/pharmacology
- Propanolamines/adverse effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/deficiency
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- STAT6 Transcription Factor/agonists
- STAT6 Transcription Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- STAT6 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT6 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Salmeterol Xinafoate/adverse effects
- beta-Arrestins
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Knight
- Departments of Pathology & Immunology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Garbo Mak
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joanne Shaw
- Department of Otorhinolaryngolgy - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Paul Porter
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Catherine McDermott
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Luz Roberts
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ran You
- Departments of Pathology & Immunology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Departments of Pathology & Immunology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Valentine O Millien
- Department of Medicine and the Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yuping Qian
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Li-Zhen Song
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vincent Frazier
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Choel Kim
- Departments of Pharmacology, and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeong Joo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard A Bond
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joshua D Milner
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergic and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergic and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pijus K Mandal
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amber Luong
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and the Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology & Immunology, Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, and the Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine and the Michael E. DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John S McMurray
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David B Corry
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology & Immunology, Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, and the Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine and the Michael E. DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Koshy S, Huq R, Tanner MR, Atik MA, Porter PC, Khan FS, Pennington MW, Hanania NA, Corry DB, Beeton C. Blocking KV1.3 channels inhibits Th2 lymphocyte function and treats a rat model of asthma. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:12623-32. [PMID: 24644290 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.517037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Of the different lower airway-infiltrating immune cells that participate in asthma, T lymphocytes that produce Th2 cytokines play important roles in pathogenesis. These T cells are mainly fully differentiated CCR7(-) effector memory T (TEM) cells. Targeting TEM cells without affecting CCR7(+) naïve and central memory (TCM) cells has the potential of treating TEM-mediated diseases, such as asthma, without inducing generalized immunosuppression. The voltage-gated KV1.3 potassium channel is a target for preferential inhibition of TEM cells. Here, we investigated the effects of ShK-186, a selective KV1.3 channel blocker, for the treatment of asthma. A significant proportion of T lymphocytes in the lower airways of subjects with asthma expressed high levels of KV1.3 channels. ShK-186 inhibited the allergen-induced activation of peripheral blood T cells from those subjects. Immunization of F344 rats against ovalbumin followed by intranasal challenges with ovalbumin induced airway hyper-reactivity, which was reduced by the administration of ShK-186. ShK-186 also reduced total immune infiltrates in the bronchoalveolar lavage and number of infiltrating lymphocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils assessed by differential counts. Rats with the ovalbumin-induced model of asthma had elevated levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 measured by ELISA in their bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. ShK-186 administration reduced levels of IL-4 and IL-5 and induced an increase in the production of IL-10. Finally, ShK-186 inhibited the proliferation of lung-infiltrating ovalbumin-specific T cells. Our results suggest that KV1.3 channels represent effective targets for the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyny Koshy
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
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Walker JKL, Kraft M, Fisher JT. Assessment of murine lung mechanics outcome measures: alignment with those made in asthmatics. Front Physiol 2013; 3:491. [PMID: 23408785 PMCID: PMC3569663 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although asthma is characterized as an inflammatory disease, recent reports highlight the importance of pulmonary physiology outcome measures to the clinical assessment of asthma control and risk of asthma exacerbation. Murine models of allergic inflammatory airway disease have been widely used to gain mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of asthma; however, several aspects of murine models could benefit from improvement. This review focuses on aligning lung mechanics measures made in mice with those made in humans, with an eye toward improving the translational utility of these measures. A brief description of techniques available to measure murine lung mechanics is provided along with a methodological consideration of their utilization. How murine lung mechanics outcome measures relate to pulmonary physiology measures conducted in humans is discussed and we recommend that, like human studies, outcome measures be standardized for murine models of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K L Walker
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
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Necessary and sufficient role for T helper cells to prevent fungal dissemination in allergic lung disease. Infect Immun 2011; 79:4459-71. [PMID: 21875960 DOI: 10.1128/iai.05209-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal immune responses to fungal infection range from T helper type 2 (Th2) cell-directed allergic inflammation to Th1-predominant neutrophilic inflammation, but the mechanisms directing these divergent mucosal immune outcomes and the role of T cells in host defense against mucosal fungal infections are not known. Here we examined the mouse mucosal immune responses to 12 filamentous environmental fungal species over a broad range of exposure doses and determined the requirement of T cells for host defense. For all tested fungi, low-grade conidium exposures induced Th2- and eosinophil-predominant allergic lung disease, whereas higher exposures led to rapid conversion to neutrophil- and Th1 cell-predominant inflammation, a phenomenon we term immune phenotype switching. All fungal exposure doses were further linked to the secretion of interleukin-17A (IL-17A). Fungal infections with Curvularia lunata and Aspergillus fumigatus were typically confined to the airway during allergic inflammation but became locally invasive and disseminated to the brain at higher conidium challenge doses, in association with predominant Th1 responses. Fungal dissemination occurred at relatively low challenge doses with the conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus administered to recombinase activating gene 1 (Rag-1)-deficient mice, which lack B and T cells, but B cell-deficient μMT mice and T helper cell-reconstituted Rag-1-deficient mice were comparable to wild-type mice in preventing fungal dissemination. Our findings demonstrate that Th2 cell-predominant allergic responses followed by immune phenotype switching and fungal dissemination are highly predictable outcomes with progressive fungal infectious burdens and that T helper cell responses are protective against lethal fungal dissemination.
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