1
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Cheung SW, Bhavnani E, Simmons DG, Bellingham MC, Noakes PG. Perineuronal nets are phagocytosed by MMP-9 expressing microglia and astrocytes in the SOD1 G93A ALS mouse model. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2024; 50:e12982. [PMID: 38742276 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are an extracellular matrix structure that encases excitable neurons. PNNs play a role in neuroprotection against oxidative stress. Oxidative stress within motor neurons can trigger neuronal death, which has been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We investigated the spatio-temporal timeline of PNN breakdown and the contributing cellular factors in the SOD1G93A strain, a fast-onset ALS mouse model. METHODS This was conducted at the presymptomatic (P30), onset (P70), mid-stage (P130), and end-stage disease (P150) using immunofluorescent microscopy, as this characterisation has not been conducted in the SOD1G93A strain. RESULTS We observed a significant breakdown of PNNs around α-motor neurons in the ventral horn of onset and mid-stage disease SOD1G93A mice compared with wild-type controls. This was observed with increased numbers of microglia expressing matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), an endopeptidase that degrades PNNs. Microglia also engulfed PNN components in the SOD1G93A mouse. Further increases in microglia and astrocyte number, MMP-9 expression, and engulfment of PNN components by glia were observed in mid-stage SOD1G93A mice. This was observed with increased expression of fractalkine, a signal for microglia engulfment, within α-motor neurons of SOD1G93A mice. Following PNN breakdown, α-motor neurons of onset and mid-stage SOD1G93A mice showed increased expression of 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker for protein oxidation, which could render them vulnerable to death. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that increased numbers of MMP-9 expressing glia and their subsequent engulfment of PNNs around α-motor neurons render these neurons sensitive to oxidative damage and eventual death in the SOD1G93A ALS model mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Ekta Bhavnani
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - David G Simmons
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Mark C Bellingham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Peter G Noakes
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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2
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Subedi A, Tiwari A, Etemad AF, Huang Y, Chatterjee B, McLeod SL, Lu Y, Gonzalez D, Ghosh K, Singh SK, Ruiz Echartea ME, Grimm SL, Coarfa C, Pan HL, Majumder S. Nerve injury inhibits Oprd1 and Cnr1 transcription through REST in primary sensory neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.17.579842. [PMID: 38585789 PMCID: PMC10996832 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.17.579842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The transcription repressor REST in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is upregulated by peripheral nerve injury and promotes the development of chronic pain. However, the genes targeted by REST in neuropathic pain development remain unclear. The expression levels of 4 opioid receptor (Oprm1, Oprd1, Oprl1, Oprk1) and the cannabinoid CB1 receptor (Cnr1) genes in the DRG regulate nociception. In this study, we determined the role of REST in the control of their expression in the DRG induced by spared nerve injury (SNI) in both male and female mice. Transcriptomic analyses of male mouse DRGs followed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses of both male and female mouse DRGs showed that SNI upregulated expression of Rest and downregulated mRNA levels of all 4 opioid receptor and Cnr1 genes, but Oprm1 was upregulated in female mice. Analysis of publicly available bioinformatic data suggested that REST binds to the promoter regions of Oprm1 and Cnr1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses indicated differing levels of REST at these promoters in male and female mice. Full-length Rest conditional knockout in primary sensory neurons reduced SNI-induced pain hypersensitivity and rescued the SNI-induced reduction in the expression of Oprd1 and Cnr1 in the DRG in both male and female mice. Our results suggest that nerve injury represses the transcription of Oprd1 and Cnr1 via REST in primary sensory neurons and that REST is a potential therapeutic target for neuropathic pain.
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3
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Wolf-Johnston A, Ikeda Y, Zabbarova I, Kanai AJ, Bastacky S, Moldwin R, Stern JN, Jackson EK, Birder LA. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibition is an effective approach for the treatment of chemical hemorrhagic cystitis. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e176103. [PMID: 38271096 PMCID: PMC10972598 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.176103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic cystitis may be induced by infection, radiation therapy, or medications or may be idiopathic. Along with hemorrhagic features, symptoms include urinary urgency and frequency, dysuria (painful urination), and visceral pain. Cystitis-induced visceral pain is one of the most challenging types of pain to treat, and an effective treatment would address a major unmet medical need. We assessed the efficacy of a purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor, 8-aminoguanine (8-AG), for the treatment of hemorrhagic/ulcerative cystitis. Lower urinary tract (LUT) function and structure were assessed in adult Sprague-Dawley rats, treated chronically with cyclophosphamide (CYP; sacrificed day 8) and randomized to daily oral treatment with 8-AG (begun 14 days prior to CYP induction) or its vehicle. CYP-treated rats exhibited multiple abnormalities, including increased urinary frequency and neural mechanosensitivity, reduced bladder levels of inosine, urothelial inflammation/damage, and activation of spinal cord microglia, which is associated with pain hypersensitivity. 8-AG treatment of CYP-treated rats normalized all observed histological, structural, biochemical, and physiological abnormalities. In cystitis 8-AG improved function and reduced both pain and inflammation likely by increasing inosine, a tissue-protective purine metabolite. These findings demonstrate that 8-AG has translational potential for reducing pain and preventing bladder damage in cystitis-associated LUT dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Youko Ikeda
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Anthony J Kanai
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology; and
| | - Sheldon Bastacky
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Moldwin
- Arthur Smith Institute for Urology, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lake Success, New York, USA
| | - Joel Nh Stern
- Arthur Smith Institute for Urology, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lake Success, New York, USA
| | | | - Lori A Birder
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology; and
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4
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Tejwani L, Jung Y, Kokubu H, Sowmithra S, Ni L, Lee C, Sanders B, Lee PJ, Xiang Y, Luttik K, Soriano A, Yoon J, Park J, Ro HH, Ju H, Liao C, Tieze SM, Rigo F, Jafar-Nejad P, Lim J. Reduction of nemo-like kinase increases lysosome biogenesis and ameliorates TDP-43-related neurodegeneration. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e138207. [PMID: 37384409 PMCID: PMC10425213 DOI: 10.1172/jci138207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although mutations in TARDBP, encoding transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43), account for less than 1% of all ALS cases, TDP-43-positive aggregates are present in nearly all ALS patients, including patients with sporadic ALS (sALS) or carrying other familial ALS-causing (fALS-causing) mutations. Interestingly, TDP-43 inclusions are also present in subsets of patients with frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease; therefore, methods of activating intracellular protein quality control machinery capable of clearing toxic cytoplasmic TDP-43 species may alleviate disease-related phenotypes. Here, we identify a function of nemo-like kinase (Nlk) as a negative regulator of lysosome biogenesis. Genetic or pharmacological reduction of Nlk increased lysosome formation and improved clearance of aggregated TDP-43. Furthermore, Nlk reduction ameliorated pathological, behavioral, and life span deficits in 2 distinct mouse models of TDP-43 proteinopathy. Because many toxic proteins can be cleared through the autophagy/lysosome pathway, targeted reduction of Nlk represents a potential approach to therapy development for multiple neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Tejwani
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program
- Department of Neuroscience, and
| | - Youngseob Jung
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kokubu
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sowmithra Sowmithra
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Luhan Ni
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Changwoo Lee
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program
- Department of Neuroscience, and
| | - Benjamin Sanders
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program
- Department of Neuroscience, and
| | - Paul J. Lee
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program
- Department of Neuroscience, and
| | - Yangfei Xiang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kimberly Luttik
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program
- Department of Neuroscience, and
| | | | | | - Junhyun Park
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program
- Department of Neuroscience, and
| | | | - Hyoungseok Ju
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | | | - Janghoo Lim
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program
- Department of Neuroscience, and
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, and
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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5
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Cao L, Bean EN, Malon JT. Preparation of Primary Mixed Glial Cell Cultures from Adult Mouse Spinal Cord Tissue. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e743. [PMID: 37042635 PMCID: PMC10478014 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system glial cells are known to mediate many neurocognitive/neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Similar glial responses have been recognized as critical factors contributing to the development of diseases in the peripheral nervous system, including various types of peripheral neuropathies, such as peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain, diabetic neuropathy, and HIV-associated sensory neuropathy. Investigation of the central mechanisms of these peripherally-manifested diseases often requires the examination of spinal cord glial cells at cellular/molecular levels in vitro. When using rodent models to study these diseases, many investigators have chosen to use neonatal cerebral cortices to prepare glial cultures or immortalized cell lines in order to obtain sufficient numbers of cells for assessment. However, differences in responses between cell lines versus primary cultures, neonatal vs. adult cells, and brain vs. spinal cord cells may result in misleading data. Here, we describe a protocol for preparing mixed glial cells from adult mouse spinal cord that can be used for direct in vitro evaluations or further preparation of microglia-enriched and microglia-depleted cells. In this protocol, spinal cord tissue is enzymatically dissociated and adult mixed glial cells are ready to be used between 12 and 14 days after the establishment of the culture. This protocol may be further refined to prepare spinal cord glial cells from spinal cord tissues of adult rats and potentially other species. Mixed glial cultures can be prepared from animals of different strains or post-in vivo manipulations and therefore are suitable for studying a variety of diseases/disorders that involve spinal cord pathological changes, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis, as well as toxin-induced changes. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Preparation of primary mixed glial cell cultures from adult mouse spinal cord tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine
| | - Elizabeth N. Bean
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine
| | - Jennifer T. Malon
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine
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6
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Lee S, Jung S, Kim HJ, Kim S, Moon JH, Chung H, Kang SJ, Park CG. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles subvert Th17 cells by destabilizing RORγt through posttranslational modification. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:665-679. [PMID: 36964252 PMCID: PMC10073130 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) are known to exert immunosuppressive functions. This study showed that MSC-sEVs specifically convert T helper 17 (Th17) cells into IL-17 low-producer (ex-Th17) cells by degrading RAR-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) at the protein level. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-induced mice, treatment with MSC-sEVs was found to not only ameliorate clinical symptoms but also to reduce the number of Th17 cells in draining lymph nodes and the central nervous system. MSC-sEVs were found to destabilize RORγt by K63 deubiquitination and deacetylation, which was attributed to the EP300-interacting inhibitor of differentiation 3 (Eid3) contained in the MSC-sEVs. Small extracellular vesicles isolated from the Eid3 knockdown MSCs by Eid3-shRNA failed to downregulate RORγt. Moreover, forced expression of Eid3 by gene transfection was found to significantly decrease the protein level of RORγt in Th17 cells. Altogether, this study reveals the novel immunosuppressive mechanisms of MSC-sEVs, which suggests the feasibility of MSC-sEVs as an attractive therapeutic tool for curing Th17-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunho Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Jung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hyun Je Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sueon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Moon
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Chung-Gyu Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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7
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Sex Differences in the Expression of Neuroimmune Molecules in the Spinal Cord of a Mouse Model of Antiretroviral-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030875. [PMID: 36979854 PMCID: PMC10045154 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), drugs used to treat HIV infection, can cause neuropathic pain (NP) and neuroinflammation. An NRTI, 2′-3′-dideoxycytidine (ddC), was reported to induce mechanical allodynia and increase proinflammatory cytokines in the brains of female mice. In some models of NP, microglia activation is important for NP pathophysiology in male mice, while T cells are important in female mice. Age-matched female and male mice (BALB/c strain) treated intraperitoneally once daily with ddC for 5 days developed mechanical allodynia. Treatment with ddC increased Cd11b, H2-Aa, Cd3e, Mapk1, Il1b, Tnf, and Il10 mRNA levels in the spinal cords of female, but not male, mice, whereas there was no alteration found in Gfap and Mapk14 transcripts in both sexes on day 7 after ddC administration. The protein expression of CD11b and phospho-p38 MAPK was significantly increased in the spinal cords of ddC-treated female, but not male, mice, whereas Iba1 protein was elevated in ddC-treated male mice. There was no change in GFAP, CD3e, and phospho-p44/42 MAPK protein levels in both sexes. Thus, changes in neuroimmune cells and molecules in the spinal cords during ddC-induced neuroinflammation were sex-dependent, with female mice being more prone to neuroimmune changes than male mice.
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8
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Anwar MM, Özkan E, Shomalizadeh N, Sapancı S, Özler C, Kesibi J, Gürsoy-Özdemir Y. Assessing the role of primary healthy microglia and gap junction blocker in hindering Alzheimer's disease neuroinflammatory type: Early approaches for therapeutic intervention. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1041461. [PMID: 36704003 PMCID: PMC9871931 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1041461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a predominantly heterogeneous disease with a highly complex pathobiology. The presence of amyloid-beta (Aβ) depositions and the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein remain the characteristic hallmarks of AD. These hallmarks can be detected throughout the brain and other regions, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the spinal cord. Microglia cells, the brain-resident macrophage type of the brain, are implicated in maintaining healthy brain homeostasis. The localized administration of primary healthy microglia (PHM) is suggested to play a role in mitigating AD hallmark depositions and associated cognitive dysfunction. Carbenoxolone (CBX) is the most common gap junction blocker. It cannot effectively cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) under systemic administration. Therefore, localized administration of CBX may be a recommended intervention against AD by acting as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. This study aims to determine whether the localized intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of PHM and CBX may act as an effective therapeutic intervention for AD neuroinflammatory type. In addition, this study also aims to reveal whether detecting AD hallmarks in the spinal cord and CSF can be considered functional and effective during AD early diagnosis. Male albino rats were divided into four groups: control (group 1), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AD neuroinflammatory type (group 2), ICV injection of LPS + isolated PHM (group 3), and ICV injection of LPS + CBX (group 4). Morris water maze (MWM) was conducted to evaluate spatial working memory. The brain and spinal cord were isolated from each rat with the collection of CSF. Our findings demonstrate that the localized administration of PHM and CBX can act as promising therapeutic approaches against AD. Additionally, Aβ and tau toxic aggregates were detected in the spinal cord and the CSF of the induced AD model concomitant with the brain tissues. Overall, it is suggested that the ICV administration of PHM and CBX can restore normal brain functions and alleviate AD hallmark depositions. Detecting these depositions in the spinal cord and CSF may be considered in AD early diagnosis. As such, conducting clinical research is recommended to reveal the benefits of related therapeutic approaches compared with preclinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M. Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research/Egyptian Drug Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esra Özkan
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, KUTTAM, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Narges Shomalizadeh
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, KUTTAM, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selin Sapancı
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, KUTTAM, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceyda Özler
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, KUTTAM, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Judy Kesibi
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, KUTTAM, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Gürsoy-Özdemir
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, KUTTAM, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Marote A, Santos D, Mendes-Pinheiro B, Serre-Miranda C, Anjo SI, Vieira J, Ferreira-Antunes F, Correia JS, Borges-Pereira C, Pinho AG, Campos J, Manadas B, Teixeira MR, Correia-Neves M, Pinto L, Costa PM, Roybon L, Salgado AJ. Cellular Aging Secretes: a Comparison of Bone-Marrow-Derived and Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Secretome Over Long-Term Culture. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:248-263. [PMID: 36152233 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promising therapeutic potential in several clinical applications, mainly due to their paracrine activity. The implementation of future secretome-based therapeutic strategies requires the use of easily accessible MSCs sources that provide high numbers of cells with homogenous characteristics. MSCs obtained from induced pluripotent stem cells (iMSCs) have been put forward as an advantageous alternative to the gold-standard tissue sources, such as bone marrow (BM-MSCs). In this study, we aimed at comparing the secretome of BM-MSCs and iMSCs over long-term culture. For that, we performed a broad characterization of both sources regarding their identity, proteomic secretome analysis, as well as replicative senescence and associated phenotypes, including its effects on MSCs secretome composition and immunomodulatory action. Our results evidence a rejuvenated phenotype of iMSCs, which is translated into a superior proliferative capacity before the induction of replicative senescence. Despite this significant difference between iMSCs and BM-MSCs proliferation, both untargeted and targeted proteomic analysis revealed a similar secretome composition for both sources in pre-senescent and senescent states. These results suggest that shifting from the use of BM-MSCs to a more advantageous source, like iMSCs, may yield similar therapeutic effects as identified over the past years for this gold-standard MSC source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marote
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Diogo Santos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Mendes-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Serre-Miranda
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sandra I Anjo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Multidisciplinary Institute of Ageing (MIA), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Vieira
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Genetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (HealthResearch Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / PortoComprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Ferreira-Antunes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Sofia Correia
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Caroline Borges-Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Andreia G Pinho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jonas Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Genetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (HealthResearch Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / PortoComprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal.,School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Behavioral and Molecular Lab (Bn'ML), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Costa
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Laurent Roybon
- Stem Cell Laboratory for CNS Disease Modeling, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC A10, Lund, Sweden.,Strategic Research Area MultiPark, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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10
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Johnson E, Clark M, Oncul M, Pantiru A, MacLean C, Deuchars J, Deuchars SA, Johnston J. Graded spikes differentially signal neurotransmitter input in cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons of the mouse spinal cord. iScience 2022; 26:105914. [PMID: 36691620 PMCID: PMC9860393 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The action potential and its all-or-none nature is fundamental to neural communication. Canonically, the action potential is initiated once voltage-activated Na+ channels are activated, and their rapid kinetics of activation and inactivation give rise to the action potential's all-or-none nature. Here we demonstrate that cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons (CSFcNs) surrounding the central canal of the mouse spinal cord employ a different strategy. Rather than using voltage-activated Na+ channels to generate binary spikes, CSFcNs use two different types of voltage-activated Ca2+ channel, enabling spikes of different amplitude. T-type Ca2+ channels generate small amplitude spikes, whereas larger amplitude spikes require high voltage-activated Cd2+-sensitive Ca2+ channels. We demonstrate that these different amplitude spikes can signal input from different transmitter systems; purinergic inputs evoke smaller T-type dependent spikes whereas cholinergic inputs evoke larger spikes that do not rely on T-type channels. Different synaptic inputs to CSFcNs can therefore be signaled by the spike amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Johnson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Marilyn Clark
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Merve Oncul
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andreea Pantiru
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Claudia MacLean
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jim Deuchars
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Susan A. Deuchars
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jamie Johnston
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK,Corresponding author
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11
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Burbano LE, Li M, Jancovski N, Jafar-Nejad P, Richards K, Sedo A, Soriano A, Rollo B, Jia L, Gazina EV, Piltz S, Adikusuma F, Thomas PQ, Kopsidas H, Rigo F, Reid CA, Maljevic S, Petrou S. Antisense oligonucleotide therapy for KCNT1 encephalopathy. JCI Insight 2022; 7:146090. [PMID: 36173683 PMCID: PMC9746904 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are characterized by pharmaco-resistant seizures with concomitant intellectual disability. Epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS) is one of the most severe of these syndromes. De novo variants in ion channels, including gain-of-function variants in KCNT1, which encodes for sodium activated potassium channel protein KNa1.1, have been found to play a major role in the etiology of EIMFS. Here, we test a potential precision therapeutic approach in KCNT1-associated DEE using a gene-silencing antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) approach. We generated a mouse model carrying the KCNT1 p.P924L pathogenic variant; only the homozygous animals presented with the frequent, debilitating seizures and developmental compromise that are seen in patients. After a single intracerebroventricular bolus injection of a Kcnt1 gapmer ASO in symptomatic mice at postnatal day 40, seizure frequency was significantly reduced, behavioral abnormalities improved, and overall survival was extended compared with mice treated with a control ASO (nonhybridizing sequence). ASO administration at neonatal age was also well tolerated and effective in controlling seizures and extending the life span of treated animals. The data presented here provide proof of concept for ASO-based gene silencing as a promising therapeutic approach in KCNT1-associated epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisseth Estefania Burbano
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melody Li
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nikola Jancovski
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Kay Richards
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alicia Sedo
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ben Rollo
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linghan Jia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena V. Gazina
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Piltz
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Fatwa Adikusuma
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Q. Thomas
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Helen Kopsidas
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Christopher A. Reid
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Snezana Maljevic
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Petrou
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Praxis Precision Medicines, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Huang J, Lin F, Hu Y, Bloe CB, Wang D, Zhang W. From Initiation to Maintenance: HIV-1 Gp120-induced Neuropathic Pain Exhibits Different Molecular Mechanisms in the Mouse Spinal Cord Via Bioinformatics Analysis Based on RNA Sequencing. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:553-575. [PMID: 35059976 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), remains one of the most diverse crucial health and development challenges around the world. People infected with HIV constitute a large patient population, and a significant number of them experience neuropathic pain. To study the key mechanisms that mediate HIV-induced neuropathic pain (HNP), we established an HNP mouse model via intrathecal injection of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. The L3~L5 spinal cord was isolated on postoperative days 1/12 (POD1/12), 1 (POD1), and 14 (POD14) for RNA sequencing to investigate the gene expression profiles of the initiation, transition, and maintenance stages of HNP. A total of 1682, 430, and 413 differentially expressed genes were obtained in POD1/12, POD1, and POD14, respectively, and their similarity was low. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed that POD1/12, POD1, and POD14 exhibited different biological processes and signaling pathways. Inflammation, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and inflammation-related signaling pathways were enriched on POD1/12. Inflammation, chemokine activity, and downstream signaling regulated by proinflammatory cytokines, such as the MTOR signaling pathway, were enriched on POD1, while downregulation of ion channel activity, mitochondrial damage, endocytosis, MAPK and neurotrophic signaling pathways developed on POD14. Additionally, we screened key genes and candidate genes, which were verified at the transcriptional and translational levels. Our results suggest that the initiation and maintenance of HNP are regulated by different molecular mechanisms. Therefore, our research may yield a fresh and deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying HNP, providing accurate molecular targets for HNP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanling Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chris Bloe Bloe
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Foroumadi R, Baeeri M, Asgarian S, Emamgholipour Z, Goli F, Firoozpour L, Keykhaei M, Gholami M, Dehpour AR, Abdollahi M, Foroumadi A. Antidiabetic and neuroprotective effects of a novel repaglinide analog. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23125. [PMID: 35702883 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Repaglinide (RPG) is an oral insulin secretagogue used in the treatment of diabetes. In this study, a new RPG analog was synthesized. Its antidiabetic and neuroprotective effects on dorsal root ganglions (DRG) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were examined compared to RPG. To assess the effects of 2-methoxy-4-(2-((3-methyl-1-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl)butyl)amino)-2-oxoethoxy)benzoic acid (OXR), the impact of OXR on oxidative stress biomarkers, motor function, and the expression of the glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1), SLC2A2/glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), and glucokinase (GCK) genes in STZ-induced diabetic rats were assessed. DRGs were examined histologically using hemotoxylin and eosin staining. Molecular docking was used to investigate the interactions between OXR and the binding site of RPG, the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel. Following 5 weeks of treatment, OXR significantly increased the level of total antioxidant power, decreased reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation in the DRGs of diabetic rats. OXR restored STZ-induced pathophysiological damages in DRG tissues. Administration of OXR improved motor function of rats with diabetic neuropathy. Administration of 0.5 mg/kg OXR reduced blood glucose while promoting insulin, mainly through upregulation of messenger RNA expression of GLUD1, GLUT2, and GCK in the pancreas. Molecular docking revealed a favorable binding mode of OXR to the KATP channel. In conclusion, OXR has neuroprotective effects in diabetic rats by lowering oxidative stress, lowering blood glucose, and stimulating insulin secretion. We report that 0.5 mg/kg OXR administration was the most effective concentration of the compound in this study. OXR may be a promising target for further research on neuroprotective antidiabetic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roham Foroumadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Asgarian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Emamgholipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Goli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Loghman Firoozpour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Keykhaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholami
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad R Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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14
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Jager SE, Pallesen LT, Lin L, Izzi F, Pinheiro AM, Villa-Hernandez S, Cesare P, Vaegter CB, Denk F. Comparative transcriptional analysis of satellite glial cell injury response. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 7:156. [PMID: 35950162 PMCID: PMC9329822 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17885.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Satellite glial cells (SGCs) tightly surround and support primary sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system and are increasingly recognized for their involvement in the development of neuropathic pain following nerve injury. SGCs are difficult to investigate due to their flattened shape and tight physical connection to neurons in vivo and their rapid changes in phenotype and protein expression when cultured in vitro. Consequently, several aspects of SGC function under normal conditions as well as after a nerve injury remain to be explored. The recent advance in single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) technologies has enabled a new approach to investigate SGCs. Methods: In this study we used scRNAseq to investigate SGCs from mice subjected to sciatic nerve injury. We used a meta-analysis approach to compare the injury response with that found in other published datasets. Furthermore, we also used scRNAseq to investigate how cells from the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) change after 3 days in culture. Results: From our meta-analysis of the injured conditions, we find that SGCs share a common signature of 18 regulated genes following sciatic nerve crush or sciatic nerve ligation, involving transcriptional regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis. We also observed a considerable transcriptional change when culturing SGCs, suggesting that some differentiate into a specialised in vitro state while others start resembling Schwann cell-like precursors. Conclusion: By using integrated analyses of new and previously published scRNAseq datasets, this study provides a consensus view of which genes are most robustly changed in SGCs after injury. Our results are available via the Broad Institute Single Cell Portal, so that readers can explore and search for genes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Elgaard Jager
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Lone Tjener Pallesen
- Department of Biomedicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark & Steno and Diabetes Center, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Francesca Izzi
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alana Miranda Pinheiro
- Department of Biomedicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sara Villa-Hernandez
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Paolo Cesare
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Bjerggaard Vaegter
- Department of Biomedicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Franziska Denk
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
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15
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Austin A, Beresford L, Price G, Cunningham T, Kalmar B, Yon M. Sectioning and Counting of Motor Neurons in the L3 to L6 Region of the Adult Mouse Spinal Cord. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e428. [PMID: 35617451 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Histology is the study of the microscopic structure of tissues. This protocol permits the generation of frozen transverse sections of lumbar spinal cord regions L3 to L6. It enables counting of murine ventral horn lumbar motor neurons in a reproducible manner. Methods include spinal column dissection, hydraulic extrusion, and histological processing. The preparation for cryo-sectioning includes embedding lumbar spinal cord in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) medium. The correct orientation of the tissue is critical as calculating the amount of tissue to discard saved time overall. Specific details regarding section thickness and mounting are described. These requirements not only allow optimum coverage of specific regions but also ensure that no individual motor neuron was counted twice. The Nissl bodies of the motor neurons were stained using gallocyanin. The sections obtained are all of a comparable area and quality assurance is consistent. The specificity of the staining enables the scientist to identify and reliably quantify lumbar motor neurons. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Euthanasia of mouse and isolation of spinal cord Basic Protocol 2: Hydraulic extrusion of the spinal cord Basic Protocol 3: Identification of the lumbar region Basic Protocol 4: Embedding cord in OCT Basic Protocol 5: Collection of frozen sections onto slides Basic Protocol 6: Gallocyanin staining Basic Protocol 7: Motor neuron counting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Austin
- Pathology Department, Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn Beresford
- Pathology Department, Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia Price
- Mouse Models of Neurodegeneration, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Cunningham
- Mouse Models of Neurodegeneration, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marianne Yon
- Pathology Department, Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell, United Kingdom
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16
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Cox LM, Calcagno N, Gauthier C, Madore C, Butovsky O, Weiner HL. The microbiota restrains neurodegenerative microglia in a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:47. [PMID: 35272713 PMCID: PMC8915543 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota can affect neurologic disease by shaping microglia, the primary immune cell in the central nervous system (CNS). While antibiotics improve models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and the C9orf72 model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), antibiotics worsen disease progression the in SOD1G93A model of ALS. In ALS, microglia transition from a homeostatic to a neurodegenerative (MGnD) phenotype and contribute to disease pathogenesis, but whether this switch can be affected by the microbiota has not been investigated. RESULTS In this short report, we found that a low-dose antibiotic treatment worsened motor function and decreased survival in the SOD1 mice, which is consistent with studies using high-dose antibiotics. We also found that co-housing SOD1 mice with wildtype mice had no effect on disease progression. We investigated changes in the microbiome and found that antibiotics reduced Akkermansia and butyrate-producing bacteria, which may be beneficial in ALS, and cohousing had little effect on the microbiome. To investigate changes in CNS resident immune cells, we sorted spinal cord microglia and found that antibiotics downregulated homeostatic genes and increased neurodegenerative disease genes in SOD1 mice. Furthermore, antibiotic-induced changes in microglia preceded changes in motor function, suggesting that this may be contributing to disease progression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the microbiota play a protective role in the SOD1 model of ALS by restraining MGnD microglia, which is opposite to other neurologic disease models, and sheds new light on the importance of disease-specific interactions between microbiota and microglia. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Cox
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Narghes Calcagno
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christian Gauthier
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charlotte Madore
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Bordeaux University, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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17
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Ikeda Y, Zabbarova I, Tyagi P, Hitchens TK, Wolf-Johnston A, Wipf P, Kanai A. Targeting neurotrophin and nitric oxide signaling to treat spinal cord injury and associated neurogenic bladder overactivity. CONTINENCE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 1:100014. [PMID: 37207253 PMCID: PMC10194419 DOI: 10.1016/j.cont.2022.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose or the research Nearly 300,000 people are affected by spinal cord injury (SCI) with approximately 18,000 new cases annually, according to the National SCI Statistics Center. SCI affects physical mobility and impairs the function of multiple internal organs to cause lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunctions manifesting as detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) and neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) with detrimental consequences to the quality of life and increased morbidity. Multiple lines of evidence now support time dependent evolution of the complex SCI pathology which requires a multipronged treatment approach of immediate, specialized care after spinal cord trauma bookended by physical rehabilitation to improve the clinical outcomes. Instead of one size fits all treatment approach, we propose adaptive drug treatment to counter the time dependent evolution of SCI pathology, with three small molecule drugs with distinctive sites of action for the recovery of multiple functions. Principal results Our findings demonstrate the improvement in the recovery of hindlimb mobility and bladder function of spinal cord contused mice following administration of small molecules targeting neurotrophin receptors, LM11A-31 and LM22B-10. While LM11A-31 reduced the cell death in the spinal cord, LM22B-10 promoted cell survival and axonal growth. Moreover, the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activator, cinaciguat, enhanced the revascularization of the SCI injury site to promote vessel formation, dilation, and increased perfusion. Major conclusions Our adaptive three drug cocktail targets different stages of SCI and LUTD pathology: neuroprotective effect of LM11A-31 retards the cell death that occurs in the early stages of SCI; and LM22B-10 and cinaciguat promote neural remodeling and reperfusion at later stages to repair spinal cord scarring, DSD and NDO. LM11A-31 and cinaciguat have passed phase I and IIa clinical trials and possess significant potential for accelerated clinical testing in SCI/LUTD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youko Ikeda
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, USA
| | - Irina Zabbarova
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, USA
| | - Pradeep Tyagi
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Urology, USA
| | - T. Kevin Hitchens
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Animal Imaging Center, USA
| | - Amanda Wolf-Johnston
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- University of Pittsburgh, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, USA
| | - Anthony Kanai
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, USA
- Correspondence to: University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, A1224 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. (A. Kanai)
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18
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The Antinociceptive Potential of Camellia japonica Leaf Extract, (−)-Epicatechin, and Rutin against Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020410. [PMID: 35204294 PMCID: PMC8869459 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. Currently, prescribed treatments are still unsatisfactory or have limited effectiveness. Camellia japonica leaves are known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.; however, their antinociceptive efficacy has not yet been explored. We examined the antinociceptive efficacy and underlying mechanism of C. japonica leaf extract (CJE) in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain models. To test the antinociceptive activity of CJE, three types of allodynia were evaluated: punctate allodynia using von Frey filaments, dynamic allodynia using a paintbrush and cotton swab, and cold allodynia using a cold plate test. CCI rats developed neuropathic pain representing increases in the three types of allodynia and spontaneous pain. In addition, CCI rats showed high phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), transcription factors, and nociceptive mediators in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). The ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 levels and neuroinflammation also increased following CCI surgery in the spinal cord. CJE and its active components have potential antinociceptive effects against CCI-induced neuropathic pain that might be mediated by MAPK activation in the DRG and microglial activation in the spinal cord. These findings suggest that CJE, (−)-epicatechin, and rutin could be novel candidates for neuropathic pain management.
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19
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Mikhailov N, Plotnikova L, Singh P, Giniatullin R, Hämäläinen RH. Functional Characterization of Mechanosensitive Piezo1 Channels in Trigeminal and Somatic Nerves in a Neuron-on-Chip Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031370. [PMID: 35163293 PMCID: PMC8835985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive ion channels, Piezo1 and 2, are activated by pressure and involved in diverse physiological functions, including senses of touch and pain, proprioception and many more. Understanding their function is important for elucidating the mechanosensitive mechanisms of a range of human diseases. Recently, Piezo channels were suggested to be contributors to migraine pain generation. Migraine is typically characterized by allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia associated with the activation and sensitization of trigeminal ganglion (TG) nerve fibers. Notably, migraine specific medicines are ineffective for other types of pain, suggesting a distinct underlying mechanism. To address, in a straightforward manner, the specificity of the mechanosensitivity of trigeminal vs. somatic nerves, we compared the activity of Piezo1 channels in mouse TG neurons vs. dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. We assessed the functional expression of Piezo1 receptors using a conventional live calcium imaging setup equipped with a multibarrel application system and utilizing a microfluidic chip-based setup. Surprisingly, the TG neurons, despite higher expression of the Piezo1 gene, were less responsive to Piezo1 agonist Yoda1 than the DRG neurons. This difference was more prominent in the chip-based setup, suggesting that certain limitations of the conventional approach, such as turbulence, can be overcome by utilizing microfluidic devices with laminar solution flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Mikhailov
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (N.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Lidiia Plotnikova
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (N.M.); (L.P.)
| | | | - Rashid Giniatullin
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (N.M.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (R.H.H.)
| | - Riikka H. Hämäläinen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (N.M.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (R.H.H.)
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20
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Li Q, Feng Y, Xue Y, Zhan X, Fu Y, Gui G, Zhou W, Richard JP, Taga A, Li P, Mao X, Maragakis NJ, Ying M. Edaravone activates the GDNF/RET neurotrophic signaling pathway and protects mRNA-induced motor neurons from iPS cells. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:8. [PMID: 35012575 PMCID: PMC8751314 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord motor neurons (MNs) from human iPS cells (iPSCs) have wide applications in disease modeling and therapeutic development for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other MN-associated neurodegenerative diseases. We need highly efficient MN differentiation strategies for generating iPSC-derived disease models that closely recapitulate the genetic and phenotypic complexity of ALS. An important application of these models is to understand molecular mechanisms of action of FDA-approved ALS drugs that only show modest clinical efficacy. Novel mechanistic insights will help us design optimal therapeutic strategies together with predictive biomarkers to achieve better efficacy. METHODS We induce efficient MN differentiation from iPSCs in 4 days using synthetic mRNAs coding two transcription factors (Ngn2 and Olig2) with phosphosite modification. These MNs after extensive characterization were applied in electrophysiological and neurotoxicity assays as well as transcriptomic analysis, to study the neuroprotective effect and molecular mechanisms of edaravone, an FDA-approved drug for ALS, for improving its clinical efficacy. RESULTS We generate highly pure and functional mRNA-induced MNs (miMNs) from control and ALS iPSCs, as well as embryonic stem cells. Edaravone alleviates H2O2-induced neurotoxicity and electrophysiological dysfunction in miMNs, demonstrating its neuroprotective effect that was also found in the glutamate-induced miMN neurotoxicity model. Guided by the transcriptomic analysis, we show a previously unrecognized effect of edaravone to induce the GDNF receptor RET and the GDNF/RET neurotrophic signaling in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a clinically translatable strategy to activate this key neuroprotective signaling. Notably, edaravone can replace required neurotrophic factors (BDNF and GDNF) to support long-term miMN survival and maturation, further supporting the neurotrophic function of edaravone-activated signaling. Furthermore, we show that edaravone and GDNF combined treatment more effectively protects miMNs from H2O2-induced neurotoxicity than single treatment, suggesting a potential combination strategy for ALS treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study provides methodology to facilitate iPSC differentiation and disease modeling. Our discoveries will facilitate the development of optimal edaravone-based therapies for ALS and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, NHC, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 707 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Yi Feng
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 707 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Yingchao Xue
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 707 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Xiping Zhan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059 USA
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, NHC, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Gege Gui
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Richard
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Arens Taga
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Nicholas J. Maragakis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Mingyao Ying
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 707 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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21
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Stokes JV, Nicaise AJ, Frodella CM, Varela-Stokes AS, Thompson T, Kaplan BLF. Isolation of Transcriptomic-Quality Total RNA from Mouse Spinal Cords. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e338. [PMID: 35030295 PMCID: PMC8852305 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Assessing cells, proteins, and total RNA in the spinal cord is vital for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, immune cells infiltrate the spinal cord in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, commonly used to study multiple sclerosis. Thus, it is valuable to assess total RNA to determine the neuronal and inflammatory profiles in the spinal cord. Further, RNA profiles are useful for deciphering the effects of drugs or chemicals on neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases such as EAE. The purpose of this protocol and the online video illustrating it is to describe and demonstrate the expulsion of the spinal cord from the mouse spinal column and homogenization of the spinal cord using liquid nitrogen for optimal RNA isolation. Although we present this method with spinal cords from EAE mice, the technique is broadly applicable, including RNA isolation from the spinal cords of healthy mice. Proper performance of these steps is critical to achieving a sufficient yield of transcriptomic-quality spinal cord RNA when combined with final isolation using commercially available kits. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of the spinal cord from the spinal column Support Protocol: Preparation of blunt-end needle for spinal cord isolation Basic Protocol 2: Spinal cord homogenization using liquid nitrogen Basic Protocol 3: Assessment of RNA purity, quantification, and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V. Stokes
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS,College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Ashleigh J. Nicaise
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS,Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS,College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Christa M. Frodella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS,College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Andrea S. Varela-Stokes
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS,College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Tom Thompson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Barbara L. F. Kaplan
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS,Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS,College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS,Corresponding author:
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22
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Daeschler SC, Zhang J, Gordon T, Borschel GH. Optical tissue clearing enables rapid, precise and comprehensive assessment of three-dimensional morphology in experimental nerve regeneration research. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1348-1356. [PMID: 34782581 PMCID: PMC8643045 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.329473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological analyses are key outcome assessments for nerve regeneration studies but are historically limited to tissue sections. Novel optical tissue clearing techniques enabling three-dimensional imaging of entire organs at a subcellular resolution have revolutionized morphological studies of the brain. To extend their applicability to experimental nerve repair studies we adapted these techniques to nerves and their motor and sensory targets in rats. The solvent-based protocols rendered harvested peripheral nerves and their target organs transparent within 24 hours while preserving tissue architecture and fluorescence. The optical clearing was compatible with conventional laboratory techniques, including retrograde labeling studies, and computational image segmentation, providing fast and precise cell quantitation. Further, optically cleared organs enabled three-dimensional morphometry at an unprecedented scale including dermatome-wide innervation studies, tracing of intramuscular nerve branches or mapping of neurovascular networks. Given their wide-ranging applicability, rapid processing times, and low costs, tissue clearing techniques are likely to be a key technology for next-generation nerve repair studies. All procedures were approved by the Hospital for Sick Children’s Laboratory Animal Services Committee (49871/9) on November 9, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon C Daeschler
- SickKids Research Institute, Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Zhang
- SickKids Research Institute, Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tessa Gordon
- SickKids Research Institute, Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory H Borschel
- SickKids Research Institute, Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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23
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Wang H, Newton G, Wu L, Lin LL, Miracco AS, Natesan S, Luscinskas FW. CD47 antibody blockade suppresses microglia-dependent phagocytosis and monocyte transition to macrophages, impairing recovery in EAE. JCI Insight 2021; 6:148719. [PMID: 34591795 PMCID: PMC8663579 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well-characterized animal model of multiple sclerosis. During the early phase of EAE, infiltrating monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages contribute to T cell recruitment, especially CD4+ T cells, into the CNS, resulting in neuronal demyelination; however, in later stages, they promote remyelination and recovery by removal of myelin debris by phagocytosis. Signal regulatory protein α and CD47 are abundantly expressed in the CNS, and deletion of either molecule is protective in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–induced EAE because of failed effector T cell expansion and trafficking. Here we report that treatment with the function blocking CD47 Ab Miap410 substantially reduced the infiltration of pathogenic immune cells but impaired recovery from paresis. The underlying mechanism was by blocking the emergence of CD11chiMHCIIhi microglia at peak disease that expressed receptors for phagocytosis, scavenging, and lipid catabolism, which mediated clearance of myelin debris and the transition of monocytes to macrophages in the CNS. In the recovery phase of EAE, Miap410 Ab–treated mice had worsening paresis with sustained inflammation and limited remyelination as compared with control Ab–treated mice. In summary, Ab blockade of CD47 impaired resolution of CNS inflammation, thus worsening EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gail Newton
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liguo Wu
- Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi US, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lih-Ling Lin
- Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi US, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy S Miracco
- Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi US, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sridaran Natesan
- Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi US, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francis W Luscinskas
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Re DB, Hilpert M, Saglimbeni B, Strait M, Ilievski V, Coady M, Talayero M, Wilmsen K, Chesnais H, Balac O, Glabonjat RA, Slavkovich V, Yan B, Graziano J, Navas-Acien A, Kleiman NJ. Exposure to e-cigarette aerosol over two months induces accumulation of neurotoxic metals and alteration of essential metals in mouse brain. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111557. [PMID: 34245728 PMCID: PMC8578258 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite a recent increase in e-cigarette use, the adverse human health effects of exposure to e-cigarette aerosol, especially on the central nervous system (CNS), remain unclear. Multiple neurotoxic metals have been identified in e-cigarette aerosol. However, it is unknown whether those metals accumulate in the CNS at biologically meaningful levels. To answer this question, two groups of mice were whole-body exposed twice a day, 5 days a week, for two months, to either a dose of e-cigarette aerosol equivalent to human secondhand exposure, or a 5-fold higher dose. After the last exposure, the olfactory bulb, anterior and posterior frontal cortex, striatum, ventral midbrain, cerebellum, brainstem, remaining brain tissue and spinal cord were collected for metal quantification by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and compared to tissues from unexposed control mice. The two-month exposure caused significant accumulation of several neurotoxic metals in various brain areas - for some metals even at the low exposure dose. The most striking increases were measured in the striatum. For several metals, including Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Pb, similar accumulations are known to be neurotoxic in mice. Decreases in some essential metals were observed across the CNS. Our findings suggest that chronic exposure to e-cigarette aerosol could lead to CNS neurotoxic metal deposition and endogenous metal dyshomeostasis, including potential neurotoxicity. We conclude that e-cigarette-mediated metal neurotoxicity may pose long-term neurotoxic and neurodegenerative risks for e-cigarette users and bystanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane B Re
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; NIEHS Center for Environmental Health in Northern Manhattan, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Markus Hilpert
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; NIEHS Center for Environmental Health in Northern Manhattan, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Brianna Saglimbeni
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; NIEHS Center for Environmental Health in Northern Manhattan, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Madeleine Strait
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; NIEHS Center for Environmental Health in Northern Manhattan, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Vesna Ilievski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; NIEHS Center for Environmental Health in Northern Manhattan, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Maxine Coady
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Master in Public Health Program, Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Maria Talayero
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; NIEHS Center for Environmental Health in Northern Manhattan, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kai Wilmsen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Master in Public Health Program, Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Helene Chesnais
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Olgica Balac
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; NIEHS Center for Environmental Health in Northern Manhattan, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ronald A Glabonjat
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; NIEHS Center for Environmental Health in Northern Manhattan, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Vesna Slavkovich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; NIEHS Center for Environmental Health in Northern Manhattan, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Beizhan Yan
- NIEHS Center for Environmental Health in Northern Manhattan, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Geochemistry Department, 203 Comer, 61 Route 9W - PO Box 1000, Palisades, NY, 10964-8000, USA
| | - Joseph Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; NIEHS Center for Environmental Health in Northern Manhattan, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; NIEHS Center for Environmental Health in Northern Manhattan, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Norman J Kleiman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; NIEHS Center for Environmental Health in Northern Manhattan, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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25
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In Vitro Model to Investigate Communication between Dorsal Root Ganglion and Spinal Cord Glia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189725. [PMID: 34575886 PMCID: PMC8470479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic discogenic back pain is associated with increased inflammatory cytokine levels that can influence the proximal peripheral nervous system, namely the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). However, transition to chronic pain is widely thought to involve glial activation in the spinal cord. In this study, an in vitro model was used to evaluate the communication between DRG and spinal cord glia. Primary neonatal rat DRG cells were treated with/without inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). The conditioned media were collected at two time points (12 and 24 h) and applied to spinal cord mixed glial culture (MGC) for 24 h. Adult bovine DRG and spinal cord cell cultures were also tested, as an alternative large animal model, and results were compared with the neonatal rat findings. Compared with untreated DRG-conditioned medium, the second cytokine-treated DRG-conditioned medium (following medium change, thus containing solely DRG-derived molecules) elevated CD11b expression and calcium signal in neonatal rat microglia and enhanced Iba1 expression in adult bovine microglia. Cytokine treatment induced a DRG-mediated microgliosis. The described in vitro model allows the use of cells from large species and may represent an alternative to animal pain models (3R principles).
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26
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Discrepancy in the Usage of GFAP as a Marker of Satellite Glial Cell Reactivity. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081022. [PMID: 34440226 PMCID: PMC8391720 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) surrounding the neuronal somas in peripheral sensory ganglia are sensitive to neuronal stressors, which induce their reactive state. It is believed that such induced gliosis affects the signaling properties of the primary sensory neurons and is an important component of the neuropathic phenotype leading to pain and other sensory disturbances. Efforts to understand and manipulate such gliosis relies on reliable markers to confirm induced SGC reactivity and ultimately the efficacy of targeted intervention. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is currently the only widely used marker for such analyses. However, we have previously described the lack of SGC upregulation of GFAP in a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury, suggesting that GFAP may not be a universally suitable marker of SGC gliosis across species and experimental models. To further explore this, we here investigate the regulation of GFAP in two different experimental models in both rats and mice. We found that whereas GFAP was upregulated in both rodent species in the applied inflammation model, only the rat demonstrated increased GFAP in SGCs following sciatic nerve injury; we did not observe any such GFAP upregulation in the mouse model at either protein or mRNA levels. Our results demonstrate an important discrepancy between species and experimental models that prevents the usage of GFAP as a universal marker for SGC reactivity.
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27
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Identification of tetracycline combinations as EphB1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors for treatment of neuropathic pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2016265118. [PMID: 33627480 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016265118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the synaptic EphB1 receptor tyrosine kinase is a major mediator of neuropathic pain, suggesting that targeting the activity of this receptor might be a viable therapeutic option. Therefore, we set out to determine if any FDA-approved drugs can act as inhibitors of the EphB1 intracellular catalytic domain. An in silico screen was first used to identify a number of tetracycline antibiotics which demonstrated potential docking to the ATP-binding catalytic domain of EphB1. Kinase assays showed that demeclocycline, chlortetracycline, and minocycline inhibit EphB1 kinase activity at low micromolar concentrations. In addition, we cocrystallized chlortetracycline and EphB1 receptor, which confirmed its binding to the ATP-binding domain. Finally, in vivo administration of the three-tetracycline combination inhibited the phosphorylation of EphB1 in the brain, spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and effectively blocked neuropathic pain in mice. These results indicate that demeclocycline, chlortetracycline, and minocycline can be repurposed for treatment of neuropathic pain and potentially for other indications that would benefit from inhibition of EphB1 receptor kinase activity.
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28
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Della Pietra A, Giniatullin R, Savinainen JR. Distinct Activity of Endocannabinoid-Hydrolyzing Enzymes MAGL and FAAH in Key Regions of Peripheral and Central Nervous System Implicated in Migraine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031204. [PMID: 33530477 PMCID: PMC7865507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In migraine pain, cannabis has a promising analgesic action, which, however, is associated with side psychotropic effects. To overcome these adverse effects of exogenous cannabinoids, we propose migraine pain relief via activation of the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) by inhibiting enzymes degrading endocannabinoids. To provide a functional platform for such purpose in the peripheral and central parts of the rat nociceptive system relevant to migraine, we measured by activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) the activity of the main endocannabinoid-hydrolases, monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). We found that in trigeminal ganglia, the MAGL activity was nine-fold higher than that of FAAH. MAGL activity exceeded FAAH activity also in DRG, spinal cord and brainstem. However, activities of MAGL and FAAH were comparably high in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex implicated in migraine aura. MAGL and FAAH activities were identified and blocked by the selective and potent inhibitors JJKK-048/KML29 and JZP327A, respectively. The high MAGL activity in trigeminal ganglia implicated in the generation of nociceptive signals suggests this part of ECS as a priority target for blocking peripheral mechanisms of migraine pain. In the CNS, both MAGL and FAAH represent potential targets for attenuation of migraine-related enhanced cortical excitability and pain transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Della Pietra
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Juha R. Savinainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (J.R.S.)
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Hirose S, Tormanen K, Kato M, Yu J, Ghiasi H. Protocol for a mouse CNS demyelination model induced by a combination of HSV-1 and IL-2. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100287. [PMID: 33521681 PMCID: PMC7820129 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2020.100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Although viruses have been suggested to be a contributing environmental factor, conventional experimental MS mouse models do not account for this aspect. Here, we describe a mouse model to induce and evaluate demyelinating disease with both a viral and an immune component via ocular infection with a recombinant herpes simplex virus expressing murine interleukin-2. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hirose et al. (2020). We developed a model to induce demyelinating disease using HSV-1 expressing IL-2 Recombinant HSV-1 incorporates environmental (HSV-1) and immune factors (IL-2) We describe the steps to induce and evaluate demyelinating disease using our protocol
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hirose
- Center for Neurobiology & Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Kati Tormanen
- Center for Neurobiology & Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mihoko Kato
- Department of Biology, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Jack Yu
- Center for Neurobiology & Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Homayon Ghiasi
- Center for Neurobiology & Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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The influence of rat strain on the development of neuropathic pain and comorbid anxio-depressive behaviour after nerve injury. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20981. [PMID: 33262364 PMCID: PMC7708988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Back-translating the clinical manifestations of human disease burden into animal models is increasingly recognized as an important facet of preclinical drug discovery. We hypothesized that inbred rat strains possessing stress hyper-reactive-, depressive- or anxiety-like phenotypes may possess more translational value than common outbred strains for modeling neuropathic pain. Rats (inbred: LEW, WKY, F344/ICO and F344/DU, outbred: Crl:SD) were exposed to Spared Nerve Injury (SNI) and evaluated routinely for 6 months on behaviours related to pain (von Frey stimulation and CatWalk-gait analysis), anxiety (elevated plus maze, EPM) and depression (sucrose preference test, SPT). Markers of stress reactivity together with spinal/brain opioid receptor expression were also measured. All strains variously developed mechanical allodynia after SNI with the exception of stress-hyporesponsive LEW rats, despite all strains displaying similar functional gait-deficits after injury. However, affective changes reflective of anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour were only observed for F344/DU in the EPM, and for Crl:SD in SPT. Although differences in stress reactivity and opioid receptor expression occurred, overall they were relatively unaffected by SNI. Thus, anxio-depressive behaviours did not develop in all strains after nerve injury, and correlated only modestly with degree of pain sensitivity or with genetic predisposition to stress and/or affective disturbances.
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Sambri I, Massa F, Gullo F, Meneghini S, Cassina L, Carraro M, Dina G, Quattrini A, Patanella L, Carissimo A, Iuliano A, Santorelli F, Codazzi F, Grohovaz F, Bernardi P, Becchetti A, Casari G. Impaired flickering of the permeability transition pore causes SPG7 spastic paraplegia. EBioMedicine 2020; 61:103050. [PMID: 33045469 PMCID: PMC7553352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations of the mitochondrial protein paraplegin cause hereditary spastic paraplegia type 7 (SPG7), a so-far untreatable degenerative disease of the upper motoneuron with still undefined pathomechanism. The intermittent mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, called flickering, is an essential process that operates to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis by reducing intra-matrix Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, and is critical for efficient synaptic function. Methods We use a fluorescence-based approach to measure mPTP flickering in living cells and biochemical and molecular biology techniques to dissect the pathogenic mechanism of SPG7. In the SPG7 animal model we evaluate the potential improvement of the motor defect, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by means of an mPTP inducer, the benzodiazepine Bz-423. Findings We demonstrate that paraplegin is required for efficient transient opening of the mPTP, that is impaired in both SPG7 patients-derived fibroblasts and primary neurons from Spg7−/− mice. We show that dysregulation of mPTP opening at the pre-synaptic terminal impairs neurotransmitter release leading to ineffective synaptic transmission. Lack of paraplegin impairs mPTP flickering by a mechanism involving increased expression and activity of sirtuin3, which promotes deacetylation of cyclophilin D, thus hampering mPTP opening. Pharmacological treatment with Bz-423, which bypasses the activity of CypD, normalizes synaptic transmission and rescues the motor impairment of the SPG7 mouse model. Interpretation mPTP targeting opens a new avenue for the potential therapy of this form of spastic paraplegia. Funding Telethon Foundation grant (TGMGCSBX16TT); Dept. of Defense, US Army, grant W81XWH-18–1–0001
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sambri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli-Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Massa
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli-Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lorenzo Patanella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli-Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Carissimo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli-Naples, Italy; Institute for Applied Mathematics 'Mauro Picone', National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Iuliano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli-Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Giorgio Casari
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli-Naples, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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Nelvagal HR, Hurtado ML, Eaton SL, Kline RA, Lamont DJ, Sands MS, Wishart TM, Cooper JD. Comparative proteomic profiling reveals mechanisms for early spinal cord vulnerability in CLN1 disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15157. [PMID: 32938982 PMCID: PMC7495486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
CLN1 disease is a fatal inherited neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease of early childhood, caused by mutations in the CLN1 gene, which encodes the enzyme Palmitoyl protein thioesterase-1 (PPT-1). We recently found significant spinal pathology in Ppt1-deficient (Ppt1−/−) mice and human CLN1 disease that contributes to clinical outcome and precedes the onset of brain pathology. Here, we quantified this spinal pathology at 3 and 7 months of age revealing significant and progressive glial activation and vulnerability of spinal interneurons. Tandem mass tagged proteomic analysis of the spinal cord of Ppt1−/−and control mice at these timepoints revealed a significant neuroimmune response and changes in mitochondrial function, cell-signalling pathways and developmental processes. Comparing proteomic changes in the spinal cord and cortex at 3 months revealed many similarly affected processes, except the inflammatory response. These proteomic and pathological data from this largely unexplored region of the CNS may help explain the limited success of previous brain-directed therapies. These data also fundamentally change our understanding of the progressive, site-specific nature of CLN1 disease pathogenesis, and highlight the importance of the neuroimmune response. This should greatly impact our approach to the timing and targeting of future therapeutic trials for this and similar disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth R Nelvagal
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maica Llavero Hurtado
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
| | - Samantha L Eaton
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
| | - Rachel A Kline
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
| | - Douglas J Lamont
- FingerPrints Proteomics Facility, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Mark S Sands
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Thomas M Wishart
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
| | - Jonathan D Cooper
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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Christensen NR, De Luca M, Lever MB, Richner M, Hansen AB, Noes-Holt G, Jensen KL, Rathje M, Jensen DB, Erlendsson S, Bartling CR, Ammendrup-Johnsen I, Pedersen SE, Schönauer M, Nissen KB, Midtgaard SR, Teilum K, Arleth L, Sørensen AT, Bach A, Strømgaard K, Meehan CF, Vaegter CB, Gether U, Madsen KL. A high-affinity, bivalent PDZ domain inhibitor complexes PICK1 to alleviate neuropathic pain. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11248. [PMID: 32352640 PMCID: PMC7278562 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive plasticity involving increased expression of AMPA-type glutamate receptors is involved in several pathologies, including neuropathic pain, but direct inhibition of AMPARs is associated with side effects. As an alternative, we developed a cell-permeable, high-affinity (~2 nM) peptide inhibitor, Tat-P4 -(C5)2 , of the PDZ domain protein PICK1 to interfere with increased AMPAR expression. The affinity is obtained partly from the Tat peptide and partly from the bivalency of the PDZ motif, engaging PDZ domains from two separate PICK1 dimers to form a tetrameric complex. Bivalent Tat-P4 -(C5)2 disrupts PICK1 interaction with membrane proteins on supported cell membrane sheets and reduce the interaction of AMPARs with PICK1 and AMPA-receptor surface expression in vivo. Moreover, Tat-P4 -(C5)2 administration reduces spinal cord transmission and alleviates mechanical hyperalgesia in the spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain. Taken together, our data reveal Tat-P4 -(C5)2 as a novel promising lead for neuropathic pain treatment and expand the therapeutic potential of bivalent inhibitors to non-tandem protein-protein interaction domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj R Christensen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta De Luca
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael B Lever
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Richner
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Astrid B Hansen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gith Noes-Holt
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine L Jensen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Rathje
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis Bo Jensen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Erlendsson
- Structural biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Ro Bartling
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ina Ammendrup-Johnsen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie E Pedersen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michèle Schönauer
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus B Nissen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren R Midtgaard
- Structural Biophysics, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaare Teilum
- Structural biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Arleth
- Structural Biophysics, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas T Sørensen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Bach
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claire F Meehan
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian B Vaegter
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth L Madsen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mona B, Villarreal J, Savage TK, Kollipara RK, Boisvert BE, Johnson JE. Positive autofeedback regulation of Ptf1a transcription generates the levels of PTF1A required to generate itch circuit neurons. Genes Dev 2020; 34:621-636. [PMID: 32241803 PMCID: PMC7197352 DOI: 10.1101/gad.332577.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Mona et al. set out to investigate the role of Ptf1a in specifying a subset of dorsal spinal cord inhibitory neurons in mice in vivo. The authors used CRISPR to target multiple noncoding sequences with putative cis-regulatory activity controlling Ptf1a and demonstrate a requirement for positive transcriptional autoregulatory feedback to attain the levels of PTF1A necessary for generating correctly balanced neuronal circuits. Peripheral somatosensory input is modulated in the dorsal spinal cord by a network of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons. PTF1A is a transcription factor essential in dorsal neural tube progenitors for specification of these inhibitory neurons. Thus, mechanisms regulating Ptf1a expression are key for generating neuronal circuits underlying somatosensory behaviors. Mutations targeted to distinct cis-regulatory elements for Ptf1a in mice, tested the in vivo contribution of each element individually and in combination. Mutations in an autoregulatory enhancer resulted in reduced levels of PTF1A, and reduced numbers of specific dorsal spinal cord inhibitory neurons, particularly those expressing Pdyn and Gal. Although these mutants survive postnatally, at ∼3–5 wk they elicit a severe scratching phenotype. Behaviorally, the mutants have increased sensitivity to itch, but acute sensitivity to other sensory stimuli such as mechanical or thermal pain is unaffected. We demonstrate a requirement for positive transcriptional autoregulatory feedback to attain the level of the neuronal specification factor PTF1A necessary for generating correctly balanced neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishakha Mona
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Juan Villarreal
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Trisha K Savage
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Rahul K Kollipara
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Brooke E Boisvert
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jane E Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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35
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Fotio Y, Palese F, Guaman Tipan P, Ahmed F, Piomelli D. Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase in the CNS prevents and reverses morphine tolerance in male and female mice. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3024-3035. [PMID: 32077093 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an intracellular serine amidase that terminates the signalling of various lipid messengers involved in pain regulation, including anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide. Here, we investigated the effects of pharmacological or genetic FAAH removal on tolerance to the anti-nociceptive effects of morphine. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We induced tolerance in male and female mice by administering twice-daily morphine for 7 days while monitoring nociceptive thresholds by the tail immersion test. The globally active FAAH inhibitor URB597 (1 and 3 mg·kg-1 , i.p.) or the peripherally restricted FAAH inhibitor URB937 (3 mg·kg-1 , i.p.) were administered daily 30 min prior to morphine, alone or in combination with the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (3 mg·kg-1 , i.p.), the CB2 receptor antagonist AM630 (3 mg·kg-1 , i.p.), or the PPAR-α antagonist GW6471 (4 mg·kg-1 , i.p.). Spinal levels of FAAH-regulated lipids were quantified by LC/MS-MS. Gene transcription was assessed by RT-qPCR. KEY RESULTS URB597 prevented and reversed morphine tolerance in both male and female mice. This effect was mimicked by genetic FAAH deletion, but not by URB937. Treatment with AM630 suppressed, whereas treatment with AM251 or GW6471, attenuated the effects of URB597. Anandamide mobilization was enhanced in the spinal cord of morphine-tolerant mice. mRNA levels of the anandamide-producing enzyme N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine PLD (NAPE-PLD) and the palmitoylethanolamide receptor PPAR-α, but not those for CB2 , CB1 receptors or FAAH, were elevated in spinal cord CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: FAAH-regulated lipid signalling in the CNS modulated opiate tolerance, suggesting FAAH as a potential target for opiate-sparing medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Fotio
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Francesca Palese
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Pablo Guaman Tipan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Faizy Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Center for the Study of Cannabis, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.,Center for the Study of Cannabis, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
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36
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Caudal D, François V, Lafoux A, Ledevin M, Anegon I, Le Guiner C, Larcher T, Huchet C. Characterization of brain dystrophins absence and impact in dystrophin-deficient Dmdmdx rat model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230083. [PMID: 32160266 PMCID: PMC7065776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a severe muscle-wasting disease caused by mutations in the DMD gene encoding dystrophin, expressed mainly in muscles but also in other tissues like retina and brain. Non-progressing cognitive dysfunction occurs in 20 to 50% of DMD patients. Furthermore, loss of expression of the Dp427 dystrophin isoform in the brain of mdx mice, the most used animal model of DMD, leads to behavioral deficits thought to be linked to insufficiencies in synaptogenesis and channel clustering at synapses. Mdx mice where the locomotor phenotype is mild also display a high and maladaptive response to stress. Recently, we generated Dmdmdx rats carrying an out-of frame mutation in exon 23 of the DMD gene and exhibiting a skeletal and cardiac muscle phenotype similar to DMD patients. In order to evaluate the impact of dystrophin loss on behavior, we explored locomotion parameters as well as anhedonia, anxiety and response to stress, in Dmdmdx rats aged from 1.5 to 7 months, in comparison to wild-type (WT) littermates. Pattern of dystrophin expression in the brain of WT and Dmdmdx rats was characterized by western-blot analyses and immunohistochemistry. We showed that dystrophin-deficient Dmdmdx rats displayed motor deficits in the beam test, without association with depressive or anxiety-like phenotype. However, Dmdmdx rats exhibited a strong response to restraint-induced stress, with a large increase in freezings frequency and duration, suggesting an alteration in a functional circuit including the amygdala. In brain, large dystrophin isoform Dp427 was not expressed in mutant animals. Dmdmdx rat is therefore a good animal model for preclinical evaluations of new treatments for DMD but care must be taken with their responses to mild stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Caudal
- Therassay Platform, CAPACITES, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Virginie François
- Nantes Gene Therapy Laboratory, Université de Nantes, INSERM UMR 1089, Nantes, France
| | - Aude Lafoux
- Therassay Platform, CAPACITES, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Caroline Le Guiner
- Nantes Gene Therapy Laboratory, Université de Nantes, INSERM UMR 1089, Nantes, France
| | | | - Corinne Huchet
- Therassay Platform, CAPACITES, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Nantes Gene Therapy Laboratory, Université de Nantes, INSERM UMR 1089, Nantes, France
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Jan A, Richner M, Vægter CB, Nyengaard JR, Jensen PH. Gene Transfer in Rodent Nervous Tissue Following Hindlimb Intramuscular Delivery of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Serotypes AAV2/6, AAV2/8, and AAV2/9. Neurosci Insights 2019; 14:1179069519889022. [PMID: 32363345 PMCID: PMC7176396 DOI: 10.1177/1179069519889022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors have emerged as the safe vehicles of choice for long-term gene transfer in mammalian nervous system. Recombinant adeno-associated virus–mediated localized gene transfer in adult nervous system following direct inoculation, that is, intracerebral or intrathecal, is well documented. However, recombinant adeno-associated virus delivery in defined neuronal populations in adult animals using less-invasive methods as well as avoiding ectopic gene expression following systemic inoculation remain challenging. Harnessing the capability of some recombinant adeno-associated virus serotypes for retrograde transduction may potentially address such limitations (Note: The term retrograde transduction in this manuscript refers to the uptake of injected recombinant adeno-associated virus particles at nerve terminals, retrograde transport, and subsequent transduction of nerve cell soma). In some studies, recombinant adeno-associated virus serotypes 2/6, 2/8, and 2/9 have been shown to exhibit transduction of connected neuroanatomical tracts in adult animals following lower limb intramuscular recombinant adeno-associated virus delivery in a pattern suggestive of retrograde transduction. However, an extensive side-by-side comparison of these serotypes following intramuscular delivery regarding tissue viral load, and the effect of promoter on transgene expression, has not been performed. Hence, we delivered recombinant adeno-associated virus serotypes 2/6, 2/8, or 2/9 encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), under the control of either cytomegalovirus (CMV) or human synapsin (hSyn) promoter, via a single unilateral hindlimb intramuscular injection in the bicep femoris of adult C57BL/6J mice. Four weeks post injection, we quantified viral load and transgene (enhanced green fluorescent protein) expression in muscle and related nervous tissues. Our data show that the select recombinant adeno-associated virus serotypes transduce sciatic nerve and groups of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia on the injected side, indicating that the intramuscular recombinant adeno-associated virus delivery is useful for achieving gene transfer in local neuroanatomical tracts. We also observed sparse recombinant adeno-associated virus viral delivery or eGFP transduction in lumbar spinal cord and a noticeable lack thereof in brain. Therefore, further improvements in recombinant adeno-associated virus design are warranted to achieve efficient widespread retrograde transduction following intramuscular and possibly other peripheral routes of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Jan
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Richner
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian B Vægter
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, and Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Poul H Jensen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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The Cofilin/Limk1 Pathway Controls the Growth Rate of Both Developing and Regenerating Motor Axons. J Neurosci 2019; 39:9316-9327. [PMID: 31578231 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0648-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerating axons often have to grow considerable distances to reestablish circuits, making functional recovery a lengthy process. One solution to this problem would be to co-opt the "temporal" guidance mechanisms that control the rate of axon growth during development to accelerate the rate at which nerves regenerate in adults. We have previously found that the loss of Limk1, a negative regulator of cofilin, accelerates the rate of spinal commissural axon growth. Here, we use mouse models to show that spinal motor axon outgrowth is similarly promoted by the loss of Limk1, suggesting that temporal guidance mechanisms are widely used during development. Furthermore, we find that the regulation of cofilin activity is an acute response to nerve injury in the peripheral nervous system. Within hours of a sciatic nerve injury, the level of phosphorylated cofilin dramatically increases at the lesion site, in a Limk1-dependent manner. This response may be a major constraint on the rate of peripheral nerve regeneration. Proof-of-principle experiments show that elevating cofilin activity, through the loss of Limk1, results in faster sciatic nerve growth, and improved recovery of some sensory and motor function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The studies shed light on an endogenous, shared mechanism that controls the rate at which developing and regenerating axons grow. An understanding of these mechanisms is key for developing therapies to reduce painful recovery times for nerve-injury patients, by accelerating the rate at which damaged nerves reconnect with their synaptic targets.
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Toma W, Kyte SL, Bagdas D, Jackson A, Meade JA, Rahman F, Chen ZJ, Del Fabbro E, Cantwell L, Kulkarni A, Thakur GA, Papke RL, Bigbee JW, Gewirtz DA, Damaj MI. The α7 nicotinic receptor silent agonist R-47 prevents and reverses paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice without tolerance or altering nicotine reward and withdrawal. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:113010. [PMID: 31299179 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Various antitumor drugs, including paclitaxel, frequently cause chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) that can be sustained even after therapy has been completed. The current work was designed to evaluate R-47, an α7 nAChR silent agonist, in our mouse model of CIPN. R-47 was administered to male C57BL/6J mice prior to and during paclitaxel treatment. Additionally, we tested if R-47 would alter nicotine's reward and withdrawal effects. The H460 and A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines were exposed to R-47 for 24-72 h, and tumor-bearing NSG mice received R-47 prior to and during paclitaxel treatment. R-47 prevents and reverses paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in mice in an α7 nAChR-dependent manner. No tolerance develops following repeated administration of R-47, and the drug lacks intrinsic rewarding effects. Additionally, R-47 neither changes the rewarding effect of nicotine in the Conditioned Place Preference test nor enhances mecamylamine-precipitated withdrawal. Furthermore, R-47 prevents paclitaxel-mediated loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers and morphological alterations of microglia in the spinal cord. Moreover, R-47 does not increase NSCLC cell viability, colony formation, or proliferation, and does not interfere with paclitaxel-induced growth arrest, DNA fragmentation, or apoptosis. Most importantly, R-47 does not increase the growth of A549 tumors or interfere with the antitumor activity of paclitaxel in tumor-bearing mice. These studies suggest that R-47 could be a viable and efficacious approach for the prevention and treatment of CIPN that would not interfere with the antitumor activity of paclitaxel or promote lung tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisam Toma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America.
| | - S Lauren Kyte
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Deniz Bagdas
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Asti Jackson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Julie A Meade
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Faria Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Zhi-Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Egidio Del Fabbro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America; Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Lucas Cantwell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Abhijit Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ganesh A Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Roger L Papke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - John W Bigbee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - M Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America; Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
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40
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Peng C, Zhang C, Su Z, Lin D. DGCR5 attenuates neuropathic pain through sponging miR‐330‐3p and regulating PDCD4 in CCI rat models. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7292-7300. [PMID: 30317600 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology Tongji Hospital affiliated Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Chuanqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Zhe Su
- Department of Anesthesiology Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Dongyang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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41
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Bozic I, Tesovic K, Laketa D, Adzic M, Jakovljevic M, Bjelobaba I, Savic D, Nedeljkovic N, Pekovic S, Lavrnja I. Voltage Gated Potassium Channel Kv1.3 Is Upregulated on Activated Astrocytes in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1020-1034. [PMID: 29574670 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kv1.3 is a voltage gated potassium channel that has been implicated in pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study we investigated temporal and cellular expression pattern of this channel in the lumbar part of spinal cords of animals with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), animal model of MS. EAE was actively induced in female Dark Agouti rats. Expression of Kv1.3 was analyzed at different time points of disease progression, at the onset, peak and end of EAE. We here show that Kv1.3 increased by several folds at the peak of EAE at both gene and protein level. Double immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated localization of Kv1.3 on activated microglia, macrophages, and reactive astrocytes around inflammatory lesions. In vitro experiments showed that pharmacological block of Kv1.3 in activated astrocytes suppresses the expression of proinflammatory mediators, suggesting a role of this channel in inflammation. Our results support the hypothesis that Kv1.3 may be a therapeutic target of interest for MS and add astrocytes to the list of cells whose activation would be suppressed by inhibiting Kv1.3 in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Bozic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Katarina Tesovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Laketa
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Adzic
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Jakovljevic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Bjelobaba
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Savic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadezda Nedeljkovic
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Pekovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Lavrnja
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
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