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de Castro JM, de Freitas JS, Stein DJ, de Macedo IC, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Promotes state-dependent Effects on Neuroinflammatory and Behavioral Parameters in rats Chronically Exposed to Stress and a Hyper-Palatable Diet. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3042-3054. [PMID: 37326900 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a common condition affecting health, often associated with unhealthy eating habits. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed to address these issues. Thus, this research investigated the effects of tDCS on biometric, behavioral, and neurochemical parameters in chronically stressed rats fed a hyper-palatable cafeteria diet (CAFD). The study lasted 8 weeks, with CAFD exposure and/or chronic restraint stress model (CRS - 1 h/day, 5 days/week, for 7 weeks) started concurrently. tDCS or sham sessions were applied between days 42 and 49 (0.5 mA, 20 min/day). CAFD increased body weight, caloric consumption, adiposity, and liver weight. It also altered central parameters, reducing anxiety and cortical levels of IL-10 and BDNF. In turn, the CRS resulted in increased adrenals in rats with standard diet (SD), and anxiety-like and anhedonic behaviors in rats with CAFD. tDCS provided neurochemical shifts in CAFD-fed stressed rats increasing central levels of TNF-α and IL-10, while in stressed rats SD-fed induced a decrease in the adrenals weight, relative visceral adiposity, and serum NPY levels. These data demonstrated the anxiolytic effect of CAFD and anxiogenic effect of stress in CAFD-fed animals. In addition, tDCS promoted state-dependent effects on neuroinflammatory and behavioral parameters in rats chronically exposed to stress and a hyper-palatable diet. These findings provide primary evidence for additional mechanistic and preclinical studies of the tDCS technique for stress-related eating disorders, envisioning clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josimar Macedo de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Preclinical Investigations - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Nucleus of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation - HCPA, RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Research and Postgraduate Group - HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Joice Soares de Freitas
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Preclinical Investigations - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Dirson João Stein
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Preclinical Investigations - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Nucleus of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation - HCPA, RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Research and Postgraduate Group - HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina de Macedo
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Preclinical Investigations - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Nucleus of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation - HCPA, RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Nucleus of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation - HCPA, RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Preclinical Investigations - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Nucleus of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation - HCPA, RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Research and Postgraduate Group - HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - HCPA, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, n. 2350. Bairro Santa Cecília 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Mota-Ramírez LD, Escobar C. Postweaning cafeteria diet induces a short-term metabolic disfunction and a differential vulnerability to develop anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors in male but not female rats. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22392. [PMID: 37073591 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Children and adolescents are high consumers of Western diets (rich in fat and sugars), which is a risk factor for overweight and obesity. Moreover, the presence of anxiety and depression among this population has increased significantly. This study explores in young postweaning rats the association between Western diet consumption and the development of metabolic and behavioral disturbances. At postnatal day (PN) 24, Wistar rats of both sexes were weaned and assigned to a control or cafeteria diet (CAF) group. After short-term exposure, a group of rats was euthanized at PN31 to obtain abdominal fat pads and blood samples. Another group of rats was tested in the open-field test, splash test, anhedonia test, and social play across 11 days (PN32-42). The CAF groups exhibited a significantly high level of body fat, serum glucose, triglycerides, leptin, and HOMA index when compared to the control groups. Only CAF males exhibited anxiety-like and depression-like behavior. Present results indicate that postweaning short-term exposure to a CAF diet has immediate detrimental effects on metabolism in both sexes. However, only CAF males showed mood disturbances. This study provides evidence that a CAF diet exerts immediate effects on behavior and metabolism in the postweaning period and that sexes present differential vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz D Mota-Ramírez
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
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de Ceglia M, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Romano A, Friuli M, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Gavito AL, Botticelli L, Gaetani S, de Fonseca FR, Cifani C. Anxiety associated with palatable food withdrawal is reversed by the selective FAAH inhibitor PF-3845: A regional analysis of the contribution of endocannabinoid signaling machinery. Int J Eat Disord 2023. [PMID: 36840536 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consumption of energy-dense palatable "comfort" food can alleviate stress and negative emotions, while abrupt withdrawal from a palatable diet can worsen these symptoms, causing difficulties with adherence to weight-loss diets. Currently, no pharmacological treatment is effective for obesity-related anxiety, so we investigated the endocannabinoid system (ECS), and specifically the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), as an interesting emerging target in this context because of its key role in the regulation of both energy homeostasis and emotional behavior. METHODS Rats were subjected to exposure and subsequent abstinence from a palatable cafeteria diet. During abstinence period, rats were treated with the selective FAAH inhibitor PF-3845 (10 mg/kg; intraperitoneal administration every other day). RESULTS Abstinent rats displayed an anxiogenic-like behavior and changes in the proteins of ECS signaling machinery in brain areas involved both in anxiety and food intake regulation. In particular, withdrawal caused a reduction of the expression of cannabinoid receptors in the nucleus accumbens and of enzymes diacylglycerol lipase alpha and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) in the amygdala. Pharmacological inhibition of FAAH exerted an anxiolytic-like effect in abstinent animals and increased both MAGL expression in amygdala and CB2 expression in prefrontal cortex. DISCUSSION Overall, our results suggest that emotional disturbances associated with dieting are coupled with region-specific alterations in the cerebral expression of the ECS and that the enhancement of the endocannabinoid signaling by FAAH inhibition might represent a novel pharmacological strategy for the treatment of anxiety related to abstinence from palatable food. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE The present study focused on evaluating the role of the endocannabinoid system in modulating withdrawal from naturally rewarding activities that have an impact on mood, such as feeding. The variations observed in the emotional behavior of abstinent rats was linked to neuroadaptations of the ECS in specific brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa de Ceglia
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Friuli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ana L Gavito
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luca Botticelli
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Janoschek R, Handwerk M, Hucklenbruch-Rother E, Schmitz L, Bae-Gartz I, Kasper P, Lackmann JW, Kretschmer T, Vohlen C, Mesaros A, Purrio M, Quaas A, Dötsch J, Appel S. Heterogeneous effects of individual high-fat diet compositions on phenotype, metabolic outcome, and hepatic proteome signature in BL/6 male mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:8. [PMID: 36755289 PMCID: PMC9909936 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The multitude of obesogenic diets used in rodent studies can hardly be overviewed. Since standardization is missing and assuming that individual compositions provoke individual effects, the choice of quality, quantity and combination of diet ingredients seems to be crucial for the outcome and interpretation of obesity studies. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the individual effects of three commonly used obesogenic diets, mainly differing in sugar and fat content. Besides basic phenotypic and metabolic characterization, one main aspect was a comparative liver proteome analysis. As expected, the obtained results picture differentiated consequences mainly depending on fat source and/or fat- and sugar quantity. By confirming the general presumption that the choice of nutritional composition is a pivotal factor, the present findings demonstrate that a conscious selection is indispensable for obtaining reliable and sound results in obesity research. In conclusion, we strongly recommend a careful selection of the appropriate diet in advance of a new experiment, taking into account the specific research question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Janoschek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Marion Handwerk
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Hucklenbruch-Rother
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Schmitz
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Inga Bae-Gartz
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Kasper
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan-Wilm Lackmann
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Kretschmer
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Vohlen
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Mesaros
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Phenotyping Core Facility, Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Purrio
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Phenotyping Core Facility, Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Appel
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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Duodenojejunal Omega Switch Surgery Reduces Oxidative Stress Induced by Cafeteria Diet in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194097. [PMID: 36235749 PMCID: PMC9573765 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-nutrition with cafeteria diet leads to glycemic control failure and subsequent obesity. Bariatric surgery remains the ultimate treatment option, and when complemented with specific dietary protocol, it may mitigate the effects of oxidative stress induced by a cafeteria diet. The study measured antioxidant marker activity: superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and ceruloplasmin (CER), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and lipid peroxidation marker concentrations: lipofuscin (LS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), in the plasma of 56 Sprague-Dawley rats fed with a cafeteria (HFS) or a control (CD) diet and subjected to duodenojejunal omega switch (DJOS) or control (SHAM) surgery. The diet change after the surgery (CD/HFS or HFS/CD) strongly influenced SOD activity in DJOS- and SHAM-operated rats, but SOD activity was always higher in SHAM-operated rats. Every dietary protocol used in the study increased CER activity, except for the CD/CD combination. Cafeteria diet consumed before or after either of surgeries led to decrease in TAC levels. DJOS and no change in diet reduced MDA levels. DJOS reduced LS levels, but its beneficial effect was deteriorated by selected dietary protocols. The cafeteria diet negatively affected the positive impact of DJOS surgery, but SOD, CER, MDA, and LS were significantly lower in rats that underwent DJOS, suggesting that eight weeks of dietary treatment before and after the surgery did not totally dilapidate the effects of the bariatric treatment.
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Hasebe K, Kendig MD, Kaakoush NO, Tajaddini A, Westbrook RF, Morris MJ. The influence of maternal unhealthy diet on maturation of offspring gut microbiota in rat. Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:31. [PMID: 35551670 PMCID: PMC9102338 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite well-known effects of diet on gut microbiota diversity, relatively little is known about how maternal diet quality shapes the longitudinal maturation of gut microbiota in offspring. To investigate, we fed female rats standard chow (Chow) or a western-style, high-choice cafeteria diet (Caf) prior to and during mating, gestation and lactation. At weaning (3 weeks), male and female offspring were either maintained on their mother’s diet (ChowChow, CafCaf groups) or switched to the other diet (ChowCaf, CafChow). Fecal microbial composition was assessed in dams and longitudinally in offspring at 3, 7 and 14 weeks of age. Results The effect of maternal diet on maturation of offspring gut microbiota was assessed by α- and β-diversities, Deseq2/LEfSe, and SourceTracker analyses. Weanling gut microbiota composition was characterised by reduced α- and β-diversity profiles that clustered away from dams and older siblings. After weaning, offspring gut microbiota came to resemble an adult-like gut microbiota, with increased α-diversity and reduced dissimilarity of β-diversity. Similarly, Deseq2/LEfSe analyses found fewer numbers of altered operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between groups from weaning to adulthood. SourceTracker analyses indicated a greater overall contribution of Caf mothers’ microbial community (up to 20%) to that of their offspring than the contribution of Chow mothers (up to 8%). Groups maintained on the maternal diet (ChowChow, CafCaf), versus those switched to the other diet (ChowCaf, CafChow) post-weaning significantly differed from each other at 14 weeks (Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance), indicating interactive effects of maternal and post-weaning diet on offspring gut microbiota maturation. Nevertheless, this developmental trajectory was unaffected by sex and appeared consistent between ChowChow, CafCaf, ChowCaf and CafChow groups. Conclusions Introducing solid food at weaning triggered the maturation of offspring gut microbiota to an adult-like profile in rats, in line with previous human studies. Postweaning Caf diet exposure had the largest impact on offspring gut microbiota, but this was modulated by maternal diet history. An unhealthy maternal Caf diet did not alter the developmental trajectory of offspring gut microbiota towards an adult-like profile, insofar as it did not prevent the age-associated increase in α-diversity and reduction in β-diversity dissimilarity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42523-022-00185-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Hasebe
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michael D Kendig
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Aynaz Tajaddini
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Margaret J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Kendig MD, Hasebe K, McCague R, Lee F, Leigh SJ, Arnold R, Morris MJ. Adolescent exposure to a solid high-fat, high-sugar ‘cafeteria’ diet leads to more pronounced changes in metabolic measures and gut microbiome composition than liquid sugar in female rats. Appetite 2022; 172:105973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.105973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Tajaddini A, Kendig MD, Prates KV, Westbrook RF, Morris MJ. Male Rat Offspring Are More Impacted by Maternal Obesity Induced by Cafeteria Diet than Females-Additive Effect of Postweaning Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031442. [PMID: 35163366 PMCID: PMC8835941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity increases the risk of health complications in offspring, but whether these effects are exacerbated by offspring exposure to unhealthy diets warrants further investigation. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either standard chow (n = 15) or ‘cafeteria’ (Caf, n = 21) diets across pre-pregnancy, gestation, and lactation. Male and female offspring were weaned onto chow or Caf diet (2–3/sex/litter), forming four groups; behavioural and metabolic parameters were assessed. At weaning, offspring from Caf dams were smaller and lighter, but had more retroperitoneal (RP) fat, with a larger effect in males. Maternal Caf diet significantly increased relative expression of ACACA and Fasn in male and female weanling liver, but not CPT-1, SREBP and PGC1; PPARα was increased in males from Caf dams. Maternal obesity enhanced the impact of postweaning Caf exposure on adult body weight, RP fat, liver mass, and plasma leptin in males but not females. Offspring from Caf dams appeared to exhibit reduced anxiety-like behaviour on the elevated plus maze. Hepatic CPT-1 expression was reduced only in adult males from Caf fed dams. Post weaning Caf diet consumption did not alter liver gene expression in the adult offspring. Maternal obesity exacerbated the obesogenic phenotype produced by postweaning Caf diet in male, but not female offspring. Thus, the impact of maternal obesity on adiposity and liver gene expression appeared more marked in males. Our data underline the sex-specific detrimental effects of maternal obesity on offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynaz Tajaddini
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (A.T.); (M.D.K.); (K.V.P.)
| | - Michael D. Kendig
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (A.T.); (M.D.K.); (K.V.P.)
| | - Kelly V. Prates
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (A.T.); (M.D.K.); (K.V.P.)
| | | | - Margaret J. Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (A.T.); (M.D.K.); (K.V.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Fam J, Clemens KJ, Westbrook RF, Morris MJ, Kendig MD. Chronic exposure to cafeteria-style diet in rats alters sweet taste preference and reduces motivation for, but not 'liking' of sucrose. Appetite 2022; 168:105742. [PMID: 34634373 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with changes to taste perception and brain reward circuitry. It is important to understand how these effects alter the preference for palatable foods and drinks, given that these are widely consumed, and leading risk factors for obesity. This study examined the effects of diet-induced obesity on sweet taste preference by analysing the microstructure of licking for sugar solutions and assessing pERK expression in the nucleus accumbens shell and insula. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed standard chow (Control; n = 16) or a varied, palatable cafeteria diet (Caf; n = 16) for 12 weeks. Two-choice preference tests between 2%, 8% and 32% sucrose solutions were conducted at baseline and in weeks 11-12 of the diet. Rats in the Caf group trebled energy intake and doubled weight gain relative to controls. In tests held under water restriction after 11 weeks of diet, the Control group reliably preferred higher sucrose concentrations (i.e., 32% > 8% > 2%). Relative to controls, the Caf group showed a stronger preference for 32% vs. 2% sucrose, lower preference for 32% vs. 8% sucrose, and were indifferent to 8% vs. 2% sucrose. Testing without water restriction increased preference for higher sucrose concentrations in both groups. Chronic Caf diet increased the latency to lick, decreased total licks and reduced alternations between spouts, but did not alter lick cluster size, a measure of hedonic appraisal, on any test. Following a final exposure to a novel sucrose concentration, neuronal activity (pERK) in the insula and nucleus accumbens shell was significantly reduced in the Caf group. Results indicate that differences in 'liking' do not underlie obesity-induced changes to sweet taste preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Fam
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Subias-Gusils A, Álvarez-Monell A, Boqué N, Caimari A, Del Bas JM, Mariné-Casadó R, Solanas M, Escorihuela RM. Behavioral and Metabolic Effects of a Calorie-Restricted Cafeteria Diet and Oleuropein Supplementation in Obese Male Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124474. [PMID: 34960026 PMCID: PMC8704884 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity models are widely used to investigate dietary interventions for treating obesity. This study was aimed to test whether a dietary intervention based on a calorie-restricted cafeteria diet (CAF-R) and a polyphenolic compound (Oleuropein, OLE) supplementation modified sucrose intake, preference, and taste reactivity in cafeteria diet (CAF)-induced obese rats. CAF diet consists of high-energy, highly palatable human foods. Male rats fed standard chow (STD) or CAF diet were compared with obese rats fed CAF-R diet, alone or supplemented with an olive tree leaves extract (25 mg/kg*day) containing a 20.1% of OLE (CAF-RO). Biometric, food consumption, and serum parameters were measured. CAF diet increased body weight, food and energy consumption and obesity-associated metabolic parameters. CAF-R and CAF-RO diets significantly attenuated body weight gain and BMI, diminished food and energy intake and improved biochemical parameters such as triacylglycerides and insulin resistance which did not differ between CAF-RO and STD groups. The three cafeteria groups diminished sucrose intake and preference compared to STD group. CAF-RO also diminished the hedonic responses for the high sucrose concentrations compared with the other groups. These results indicate that CAF-R diet may be an efficient strategy to restore obesity-associated alterations, whilst OLE supplementation seems to have an additional beneficial effect on sweet taste function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Subias-Gusils
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.S.-G.); (A.Á.-M.)
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Adam Álvarez-Monell
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.S.-G.); (A.Á.-M.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Noemí Boqué
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain; (N.B.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.); (R.M.-C.)
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain; (N.B.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.); (R.M.-C.)
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area and Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Josep M. Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain; (N.B.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.); (R.M.-C.)
| | - Roger Mariné-Casadó
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain; (N.B.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.); (R.M.-C.)
| | - Montserrat Solanas
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.S.-G.); (A.Á.-M.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (R.M.E.); Tel.: +34-93-5811373 (M.S.); +34-93-5813296 (R.M.E.)
| | - Rosa M. Escorihuela
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.S.-G.); (A.Á.-M.)
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (R.M.E.); Tel.: +34-93-5811373 (M.S.); +34-93-5813296 (R.M.E.)
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11
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Nowacka-Chmielewska MM, Liśkiewicz D, Grabowska K, Liśkiewicz A, Marczak Ł, Wojakowska A, Pondel N, Grabowski M, Barski JJ, Małecki A. Effects of Simultaneous Exposure to a Western Diet and Wheel-Running Training on Brain Energy Metabolism in Female Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124242. [PMID: 34959794 PMCID: PMC8707360 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the pathogenesis of central nervous system disorders (e.g., neurodegenerative), an important role is attributed to an unhealthy lifestyle affecting brain energy metabolism. Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related diseases is getting increasing attention. METHODS We performed a series of assessments in adult female Long Evans rats subjected to 6 weeks of Western diet feeding and wheel-running training. A control group of lean rats was fed with a standard diet. In all experimental groups, we measured physiological parameters (animal weights, body composition, serum metabolic parameters). We assessed the impact of simultaneous exposure to a Western diet and wheel-running on the cerebrocortical protein expression (global proteomic profiling), and in the second part of the experiment, we measured the cortical levels of protein related to brain metabolism (Western blot). RESULTS Western diet led to an obese phenotype and induced changes in the serum metabolic parameters. Wheel-running did not reduce animal weights or fat mass but significantly decreased serum glucose level. The global proteome analysis revealed that the altered proteins were functionally annotated as they were involved mostly in metabolic pathways. Western blot analysis showed the downregulation of the mitochondrial protein-Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member 9, hexokinase 1 (HK1)-enzyme involved in principal glucose metabolism pathways and monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2). Wheel-running reversed this decline in the cortical levels of HK1 and MCT2. CONCLUSION The cerebrocortical proteome is affected by a combination of physical activity and Western diet in female rats. An analysis of the cortical proteins involved in brain energy metabolism provides a valuable basis for the deeper investigation of changes in the brain structure and function induced by simultaneous exposure to a Western diet and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maria Nowacka-Chmielewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (D.L.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-509-505-836
| | - Daniela Liśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (D.L.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Konstancja Grabowska
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.G.); (M.G.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Arkadiusz Liśkiewicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznań, Poland; (Ł.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Anna Wojakowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznań, Poland; (Ł.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Natalia Pondel
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (D.L.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Mateusz Grabowski
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.G.); (M.G.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Jarosław Jerzy Barski
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.G.); (M.G.); (J.J.B.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Małecki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (D.L.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
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12
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Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Coman MM, Tomassoni D, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Botticelli L, Gabrielli MG, Rossolini GM, Di Pilato V, Cecchini C, Amedei A, Silvi S, Verdenelli MC, Cifani C. Supplementation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMC 510 Modifies Microbiota Composition and Prevents Body Weight Gain Induced by Cafeteria Diet in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011171. [PMID: 34681831 PMCID: PMC8540549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in functionality and composition of gut microbiota (GM) have been associated and may contribute to the development and maintenance of obesity and related diseases. The aim of our study was to investigate for the first time the impact of Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum IMC 510 in a rat model of diet-induced obesity, specifically in the cafeteria (CAF) diet. This diet provides a strong motivation to voluntary overeat, due to the palatability and variety of selected energy-dense foods. The oral administration for 84 days of this probiotic strain, added to the CAF diet, decreased food intake and body weight gain. Accordingly, it ameliorated body mass index, liver and white adipose tissue weight, hepatic lipid accumulation, adipocyte size, serum parameters, including glycemia and low-density lipoprotein levels, in CAF fed rats, potentially through leptin control. In this scenario, L. plantarum IMC 510 showed also beneficial effects on GM, limiting the microbial imbalance established by long exposure to CAF diet and preserving the proportion of different bacterial taxa. Further research is necessary to better elucidate the relationship between GM and overweight and then the mechanism of action by which L. plantarum IMC 510 modifies weight. However, these promising results prompt a clear advantage of probiotic supplementation and identify a new potential probiotic as a novel and safe therapeutic approach in obesity prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Magdalena Coman
- Synbiotec S.r.l., Spin-off of UNICAM, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.C.); (C.C.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.T.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Emanuela Micioni Di Bonaventura
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.V.M.D.B.); (E.M.D.B.); (L.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Luca Botticelli
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.V.M.D.B.); (E.M.D.B.); (L.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Gabriella Gabrielli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.T.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (G.M.R.); (A.A.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Pilato
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Cecchini
- Synbiotec S.r.l., Spin-off of UNICAM, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.C.); (C.C.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (G.M.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Stefania Silvi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.T.); (M.G.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Cristina Verdenelli
- Synbiotec S.r.l., Spin-off of UNICAM, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.C.); (C.C.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Carlo Cifani
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.V.M.D.B.); (E.M.D.B.); (L.B.); (C.C.)
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13
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Santos MMR, Cavalcante ACFPS, Amaral LAD, Souza GHOD, Santos BSD, Portugal LC, Bittencourt Junior FF, Troquez T, Rafacho BPM, Hiane PA, Santos EFD. Combination of cafeteria diet with intraperitoneally streptozotocin in rats. A type-2 diabetes model. Acta Cir Bras 2021; 36:e360702. [PMID: 34431921 PMCID: PMC8405242 DOI: 10.1590/acb360702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a model of induction of type-2 diabetes (DM2) by combining low
doses of streptozotocin (STZ) and a cafeteria diet. Methods Forty male Wistar rats (200 g) were allocated into four groups: control
(non-diabetic, n = 10); STZ 30 mg/kg (diabetic, n = 10); STZ 35 mg/kg
(diabetic,n = 10); and STZ 40 mg/kg (diabetic, n = 10). DM2 was induced with
a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ after four weeks of cafeteria diet
in the three diabetic groups. All animals were evaluated as for
anthropometric, and biochemical analyses, as well as liver, kidney and
pancreas histological analyses. Results Lower weight gain, higher water intake, higher Lee index, hyperglycemia and
modified total protein, urea, alpha-amylase, as well as insulin resistance,
hepatic steatosis, pancreas, and kidney injury were observed in animals
treated with 35 and 40 mg/kg of STZ. Conclusions The results show that the experimental model using cafeteria diet associated
with 35 mg/kg of STZ is a low-cost model and efficient in order to develop
DM2, confirmed by the presence of polydipsia, hyperglycemia, altered
biochemical tests, insulin resistance and damages to the liver, pancreas and
kidney, which is similar to the disease found in humans.
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14
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Liśkiewicz AD, Marczak Ł, Bogus K, Liśkiewicz D, Przybyła M, Lewin-Kowalik J. Proteomic and Structural Manifestations of Cardiomyopathy in Rat Models of Obesity and Weight Loss. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:568197. [PMID: 33716957 PMCID: PMC7945951 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.568197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity cardiomyopathy increases the risk of heart failure and death. Obesity is curable, leading to the restoration of the heart phenotype, but it is not clear if there are any after-effects of obesity present after weight loss. We characterize the proteomic landscape of obesity cardiomyopathy with an evaluation of whether the cardiac phenotype is still shaped after weight loss. Cardiomyopathy was validated by cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, oversized myocytes, and mTOR upregulation in a rat model of cafeteria diet-induced developmental obesity. By global proteomic techniques (LC-MS/MS) a plethora of molecular changes was observed in the heart and circulation of obese animals, suggesting abnormal utilization of metabolic substrates. This was confirmed by increased levels of cardiac ACSL-1, a key enzyme for fatty acid degradation and decreased GLUT-1, a glucose transporter in obese rats. Calorie restriction and weight loss led to the normalization of the heart's size, but fibrosis was still excessive. The proteomic compositions of cardiac tissue and plasma were different after weight loss as compared to control. In addition to morphological consequences, obesity cardiomyopathy involves many proteomic changes. Weight loss provides for a partial repair of the heart's architecture, but the trace of fibrotic deposition and proteomic alterations may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz D. Liśkiewicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogus
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Daniela Liśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Przybyła
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Lewin-Kowalik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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15
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Hossain MJ, Kendig MD, Wild BM, Issar T, Krishnan AV, Morris MJ, Arnold R. Evidence of Altered Peripheral Nerve Function in a Rodent Model of Diet-Induced Prediabetes. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090313. [PMID: 32872256 PMCID: PMC7555926 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a debilitating complication of diabetes that affects >50% of patients. Recent evidence suggests that obesity and metabolic disease, which often precede diabetes diagnosis, may influence PN onset and severity. We examined this in a translationally relevant model of prediabetes induced by a cafeteria (CAF) diet in Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 15 CAF versus n = 15 control). Neuropathy phenotyping included nerve conduction, tactile sensitivity, intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) and nerve excitability testing, an in vivo measure of ion channel function and membrane potential. Metabolic phenotyping included body composition, blood glucose and lipids, plasma hormones and inflammatory cytokines. After 13 weeks diet, CAF-fed rats demonstrated prediabetes with significantly elevated fasting blood glucose, insulin and impaired glucose tolerance as well as obesity and dyslipidemia. Nerve conduction, tactile sensitivity and IENFD did not differ; however, superexcitability was significantly increased in CAF-fed rats. Mathematical modeling demonstrated this was consistent with a reduction in sodium–potassium pump current. Moreover, superexcitability correlated positively with insulin resistance and adiposity, and negatively with fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In conclusion, prediabetic rats over-consuming processed, palatable foods demonstrated altered nerve function that preceded overt PN. This work provides a relevant model for pathophysiological investigation of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jakir Hossain
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.H.); (M.D.K.); (B.M.W.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Michael D. Kendig
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.H.); (M.D.K.); (B.M.W.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Brandon M. Wild
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.H.); (M.D.K.); (B.M.W.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Tushar Issar
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (T.I.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Arun V. Krishnan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (T.I.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Margaret J. Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.H.); (M.D.K.); (B.M.W.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Ria Arnold
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.H.); (M.D.K.); (B.M.W.); (M.J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-293858709
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16
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Leigh SJ, Kaakoush NO, Escorihuela RM, Westbrook RF, Morris MJ. Treadmill exercise has minimal impact on obesogenic diet-related gut microbiome changes but alters adipose and hypothalamic gene expression in rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:71. [PMID: 32831895 PMCID: PMC7437044 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise has been extensively utilised as an effective therapy for overweight- and obesity-associated changes that are linked to health complications. Several preclinical rodent studies have shown that treadmill exercise alongside an unhealthy diet improves metabolic health and microbiome composition. Furthermore, chronic exercise has been shown to alter hypothalamic and adipose tissue gene expression in diet-induced obesity. However, limited work has investigated whether treadmill exercise commenced following exposure to an obesogenic diet is sufficient to alter microbiome composition and metabolic health. Methods To address this gap in the literature, we fed rats a high-fat/high-sugar western-style cafeteria diet and assessed the effects of 4 weeks of treadmill exercise on adiposity, diet-induced gut dysbiosis, as well as hypothalamic and retroperitoneal white adipose tissue gene expression. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to either regular chow or cafeteria diet and after 3 weeks half the rats on each diet were exposed to moderate treadmill exercise for 4 weeks while the remainder were exposed to a stationary treadmill. Results Microbial species diversity was uniquely reduced in exercising chow-fed rats, while microbiome composition was only changed by cafeteria diet. Despite limited effects of exercise on overall microbiome composition, exercise increased inferred microbial functions involved in metabolism, reduced fat mass, and altered adipose and hypothalamic gene expression. After controlling for diet and exercise, adipose Il6 expression and liver triglyceride concentrations were significantly associated with global microbiome composition. Conclusions Moderate treadmill exercise induced subtle microbiome composition changes in chow-fed rats but did not overcome the microbiome changes induced by prolonged exposure to cafeteria diet. Predicted metabolic function of the gut microbiome was increased by exercise. The effects of exercise on the microbiome may be modulated by obesity severity. Future work should investigate whether exercise in combination with microbiome-modifying interventions can synergistically reduce diet- and obesity-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane Leigh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nadeem O Kaakoush
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Rosa M Escorihuela
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Margaret J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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17
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Leigh SJ, Kaakoush NO, Bertoldo MJ, Westbrook RF, Morris MJ. Intermittent cafeteria diet identifies fecal microbiome changes as a predictor of spatial recognition memory impairment in female rats. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:36. [PMID: 32066702 PMCID: PMC7026185 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive consumption of diets high in saturated fat and sugar impairs short-term spatial recognition memory in both humans and rodents. Several studies have identified associations between the observed behavioral phenotype and diet-induced changes in adiposity, hippocampal gene expression of inflammatory and blood-brain barrier-related markers, and gut microbiome composition. However, the causal role of such variables in producing cognitive impairments remains unclear. As intermittent cafeteria diet access produces an intermediate phenotype, we contrasted continuous and intermittent diet access to identify specific changes in hippocampal gene expression and microbial species that underlie the cognitive impairment observed in rats fed continuous cafeteria diet. Female adult rats were fed either regular chow, continuous cafeteria diet, or intermittent cafeteria diet cycles (4 days regular chow and 3 days cafeteria) for 7 weeks (12 rats per group). Any cafeteria diet exposure affected metabolic health, hippocampal gene expression, and gut microbiota, but only continuous access impaired short-term spatial recognition memory. Multiple regression identified an operational taxonomic unit, from species Muribaculum intestinale, as a significant predictor of performance in the novel place recognition task. Thus, contrasting intermittent and continuous cafeteria diet exposure allowed us to identify specific changes in microbial species abundance and growth as potential underlying mechanisms relevant to diet-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane Leigh
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nadeem O. Kaakoush
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Michael J. Bertoldo
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | | | - Margaret J. Morris
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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