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Ji T, Salotti I, Altieri V, Li M, Rossi V. Seasonal Periodicity of the Airborne Spores of Fungi Causing Grapevine Trunk Diseases: An Analysis of 247 Studies Published Worldwide. PLANT DISEASE 2024:PDIS04230709RE. [PMID: 37874281 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-23-0709-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are among the most devastating grapevine diseases globally. GTDs are caused by numerous fungi belonging to different taxa, which release spores into the vineyard and infect wood tissue, mainly through wounds caused by viticultural operations. The timing of operations to avoid infection is critical concerning the periodicity of GTD spores in vineyards, and many studies have been conducted in different grape-growing areas worldwide. However, these studies provide conflicting and fragmented information. To synthesize current knowledge, we conducted a systematic literature review, extracted quantitative data from published papers, and used these data to identify trends and knowledge gaps that need to be addressed in future studies. Our database included 26 papers covering 247 studies and 3,529 spore sampling records concerning a total of 29 fungal taxa responsible for Botryosphaeria dieback (BD), Esca complex (EC), and Eutypa dieback (ED). We found a clear seasonality in the presence and abundance of BD spores, with a peak from fall to spring, more in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere, but not for EC and ED. Spores of these fungi were present throughout the growing season in both hemispheres, possibly because of higher variability in spore types, sporulation conditions, and spore release mechanisms in EC and ED fungi than in BD. Our analysis has limitations because of knowledge gaps and data availability for some fungi (e.g., basidiomycetes, which cause EC). These limitations are discussed to facilitate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ji
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College of Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, China
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29122, Italy
| | - Irene Salotti
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29122, Italy
| | - Valeria Altieri
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29122, Italy
| | - Ming Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture (NERCITA)/Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Vittorio Rossi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29122, Italy
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Ji T, Altieri V, Salotti I, Li M, Rossi V. Role of Rain in the Spore Dispersal of Fungal Pathogens Associated with Grapevine Trunk Diseases. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1041-1052. [PMID: 37822098 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-23-0403-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases are caused by a complex of fungi that belong to different taxa, which produce different spore types and have different spore dispersal mechanisms. It is commonly accepted that rainfall plays a key role in spore dispersal, but there is conflicting information in the literature on the relationship between rain and spore trapping in aerobiology studies. We conducted a systematic literature review, extracted quantitative data from published papers, and used the pooled data for Bayesian analysis of the effect of rain on spore trapping. We selected 17 papers covering 95 studies and 8,778 trapping periods, concerning a total of 26 fungal taxa causing Botryosphaeria dieback (BD), Esca complex (EC), and Eutypa dieback (ED). Results confirmed the role of rain in the spore dispersal of these fungi but revealed differences among the different fungi. Rain was a good predictor of spore trapping for ED (AUROC = 0.820) and BD (0.766) but not for the ascomycetes involved in EC (0.569) and not for the only basidiomycetes, Fomitiporella viticola, studied as for spore discharge (AUROC not significant). Prediction of spore trapping was more accurate for negative prognosis than for positive prognosis; a rain cutoff of ≥0.2 mm provided an overall accuracy of ≥0.61 for correct prognoses. Spores trapped in rainless periods accounted for only <10% of the total spores. Our analysis had some drawbacks, which were mainly caused by knowledge gaps and limited data availability; these drawbacks are discussed to facilitate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ji
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College of Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Valeria Altieri
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Irene Salotti
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Ming Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture (NERCITA)/Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Vittorio Rossi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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Afshari N, Karimi O, Gomes de Farias AR, Suwannarach N, Bhunjun CS, Zeng XY, Lumyong S. Additions to Diatrypaceae ( Xylariales): Novel Taxa and New Host Associations. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1151. [PMID: 38132752 PMCID: PMC10744582 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatrypaceae members have a broad distribution and are commonly found on decaying wood. Despite taxonomic and morphological challenges within this group, there has been a growing interest in Diatrypaceae in recent years. The dead branches of several plant hosts with fungal fruiting bodies were collected from Doi Tung National Park, Chiang Rai, and the Narathiwat Provinces in Thailand. Their morphological characteristics, coupled with a molecular phylogeny of combined ITS and tub2 sequence data, were used to introduce two novel Allodiatrype species (A. dalbergiae and A. eleiodoxae) and one new Melanostictus species (M. chiangraiensis). Moreover, four new host records, Diatrypella heveae, D. major, Melanostictus thailandicus, and Paraeutypella citricola on Microcos paniculata, Nayariophyton zizyphifolium, Dalbergia cultrata, and M. paniculata, respectively, as well as a new geographical record of D. major are reported. This research provides detailed descriptions of macro- and microcharacteristics, coupled with a phylogenetic tree for the newly introduced species and host records. The morphological features of Allodiatrype and Melanostictus are listed in the synoptic table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Afshari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (O.K.); (C.S.B.)
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Omid Karimi
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (O.K.); (C.S.B.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Antonio R. Gomes de Farias
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (O.K.); (C.S.B.)
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Chitrabhanu S. Bhunjun
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (O.K.); (C.S.B.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Xiang-Yu Zeng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
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Li S, Travadon R, Trouillas FP. Effects of Temperature on Spore Germination and Mycelial Growth of Calosphaeria pulchella, Cytospora sorbicola, and Eutypa lata Isolates Associated with Sweet Cherry Canker Diseases. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3448-3456. [PMID: 37081630 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-22-2956-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although fungal canker diseases constitute a limiting factor to orchard productivity and longevity, little is known about the effects of temperature on spore germination and mycelial growth of the fungal causal agents. Accordingly, the germination of spores and colony growth of Calosphaeria pulchella, Cytospora sorbicola, and Eutypa lata were evaluated after incubation on 2% water agar and 4% potato dextrose agar, respectively, at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C. Temperature optima for spore germination and mycelial growth were derived from nonlinear models fitted to germination rates and colony diameter data. The optimal temperatures for spore germination of Cal. pulchella were 28.5°C for ascospores and 29.2°C for conidia. The optimal temperatures for Cyt. sorbicola conidia and E. lata ascospore germination were 25.8 and 23.1°C, respectively. The germination of ascospores and conidia of Cal. pulchella at temperatures below 15°C required an incubation time of at least 72 h. Ascospores of E. lata and conidia of Cyt. sorbicola germinated at 10°C after 36 h. The optimal temperature for colony growth of Cal. pulchella was 24.6°C, whereas it was 21.7°C for both Cyt. sorbicola and E. lata. Our study indicates that temperature requirements for basic biological functions are higher for Cal. pulchella than for Cyt. sorbicola and E. lata. The overall higher temperatures of California relative to other cherry-producing regions in the United States or worldwide could explain the prevalence of Calosphaeria canker in the state. Conversely, Cyt. sorbicola and E. lata appear better adapted to cooler temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampson Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Renaud Travadon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Florent P Trouillas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648
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Li S, Travadon R, Trouillas FP. Seasonal Susceptibility of Sweet Cherry Pruning Wounds to Calosphaeria pulchella, Cytospora sorbicola, and Eutypa lata. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3517-3522. [PMID: 37163313 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-23-0668-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fungal canker pathogens commonly infect trees at pruning wounds leading to branch dieback and loss of productivity in sweet cherry orchards. However, the seasonal susceptibility of sweet cherry pruning wounds to Calosphaeria pulchella, Cytospora sorbicola, and Eutypa lata is not well understood. This study compared the susceptibility of sweet cherry pruning wounds made during the dormant season (January) and the postharvest season (late May to June) to infection by main canker pathogens in California. Field trials were conducted in three cherry orchards and trees were pruned at the different periods over 2 years. Fresh pruning wounds were inoculated with spores of each pathogen, and pathogen recovery was assessed through microbiological isolations at 3 to 4 months after inoculations. Pruning wounds made in late May and June resulted in significantly higher infection by Cal. pulchella compared to pruning wounds made in January. Pruning wounds made during both seasons were generally equally susceptible to Cyt. sorbicola and E. lata infections. However, there was one orchard where dormant pruning wounds were more susceptible to infection by E. lata and there was one particularly cold winter where Cyt. sorbicola did not infect pruning wounds. Overall, our findings suggest that Cal. pulchella infections of cherry pruning wounds are more likely to occur during periods of warm temperatures such as late spring and early summer. However, infections by Cyt. sorbicola and E. lata can occur year-round if inoculum is present and if winter temperatures are not abnormally low for California. Finally, our results suggest that the emergence of Cal. pulchella as a major canker pathogen of sweet cherry in California may be the result of a shift from dormant to after-harvest pruning of sweet cherry trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampson Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Renaud Travadon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Florent P Trouillas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648
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Travadon R, Lawrence DP, Li S, Trouillas FP. Evaluation of Biological Control Agents for the Protection of Almond Pruning Wounds Against Infection by Fungal Canker Pathogens. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1417-1427. [PMID: 37021932 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-23-0075-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fungal canker pathogens of almond initiate infection in trees primarily through pruning wounds. Biological control agents (BCAs) have the potential to provide long-term protection of pruning wounds by colonizing the wound surfaces and underlying tissues. Laboratory and field tests were performed to assess the efficacy of various commercial and experimental BCAs as wound protectants against almond canker pathogens. Four Trichoderma-based BCAs were evaluated using detached almond stems in the laboratory against the canker pathogens Cytospora plurivora, Eutypa lata, Neofusicoccum parvum, and Neoscytalidium dimidiatum. Results indicated that Trichoderma atroviride SC1 and T. paratroviride RTFT014 significantly reduced infections by all four pathogens. The abilities of these four BCAs to protect almond pruning wounds against E. lata and N. parvum were further evaluated in field trials using two almond cultivars and during two consecutive years. Both T. atroviride SC1 and T. paratroviride RTFT014 protected almond pruning wounds against E. lata and N. parvum as efficiently as thiophanate-methyl, the recommended fungicide for treatment of almond pruning wounds. Comparisons of different application timings of BCA in relation to pathogen inoculation revealed a significant improvement in wound protection when inoculations were conducted 7 days versus 24 h post-BCA application for N. parvum, but not for E. lata. T. atroviride SC1 and T. paratroviride RTFT014 are promising candidates for the preventive protection of almond pruning wounds and for inclusion in integrated pest management programs and organic almond production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Travadon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Daniel P Lawrence
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Sampson Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Florent P Trouillas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648
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Yan C, Hao H, Wang Z, Sha S, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Kang Z, Huang L, Wang L, Feng H. Prediction of Suitable Habitat Distribution of Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis in the World and China under Climate Change. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:739. [PMID: 37504728 PMCID: PMC10381404 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Years of outbreaks of woody canker (Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis) in the United States, Iran, and China have resulted in massive economic losses to biological forests and fruit trees. However, only limited information is available on their distribution, and their habitat requirements have not been well evaluated due to a lack of research. In recent years, scientists have utilized the MaxEnt model to estimate the effect of global temperature and specific environmental conditions on species distribution. Using occurrence and high resolution ecological data, we predicted the spatiotemporal distribution of C. pullmanensis under twelve climate change scenarios by applying the MaxEnt model. We identified climatic factors, geography, soil, and land cover that shape their distribution range and determined shifts in their habitat range. Then, we measured the suitable habitat area, the ratio of change in the area of suitable habitat, the expansion and shrinkage of maps under climate change, the direction and distance of range changes from the present to the end of the twenty-first century, and the effect of environmental variables. C. pullmanensis is mostly widespread in high-suitability regions in northwestern China, the majority of Iran, Afghanistan, and Turkey, northern Chile, southwestern Argentina, and the west coast of California in the United States. Under future climatic conditions, climate changes of varied intensities favored the expansion of suitable habitats for C. pullmanensis in China. However, appropriate land areas are diminishing globally. The trend in migration is toward latitudes and elevations that are higher. The estimated area of possible suitability shifted eastward in China. The results of the present study are valuable not only for countries such as Morocco, Spain, Chile, Turkey, Kazakhstan, etc., where the infection has not yet fully spread or been established, but also for nations where the species has been discovered. Authorities should take steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to restrict the spread of C. pullmanensis. Countries with highly appropriate locations should increase their surveillance, risk assessment, and response capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcai Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, Alar 843300, China
| | - Haiting Hao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, Alar 843300, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, Alar 843300, China
| | - Shuaishuai Sha
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, Alar 843300, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, Alar 843300, China
| | - Qingpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Yangling Seed Industry Innovation Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Yangling Seed Industry Innovation Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, Alar 843300, China
| | - Hongzu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, Alar 843300, China
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Ji T, Salotti I, Altieri V, Li M, Rossi V. Temperature-Dependent Growth and Spore Germination of Fungi Causing Grapevine Trunk Diseases: Quantitative Analysis of Literature Data. PLANT DISEASE 2023:PDIS09222249RE. [PMID: 36366834 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-22-2249-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are serious threats in all viticultural areas of the world, and their management is always complex and usually inadequate. Fragmented and inconsistent information on the epidemiology and environmental requirements of the causal fungi is among the reasons for poor disease control. Therefore, we conducted a quantitative analysis of literature data to determine the effects of temperature on mycelial growth and the effects of temperature and moisture duration on spore germination. Using the collected information, we then developed mathematical equations describing the response of mycelial growth to temperature, and the response of spore germination to temperature and moisture for the different species and disease syndromes. We considered 27 articles (selected from a total of 207 articles found through a systematic literature search) and 116 cases; these involved 43 fungal species belonging to three disease syndromes. The mycelial growth of the fungi causing Botryosphaeria dieback (BD) and the esca complex (EC) responded similarly to temperature, and preferred higher temperatures than those causing Eutypa dieback (ED) (with optimal temperature of 25.3, 26.5, and 23.3°C, respectively). At any temperature, the minimal duration of the moist period required for 50% spore germination was shorter for BD (3.0 h) than for EC (17.2 h) or ED (15.5 h). Mathematical equations were developed accounting for temperature-moisture relationships of GTD fungi, which showed concordance correlation coefficients ≥0.888; such equations should be useful for reducing the risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ji
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Irene Salotti
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Valeria Altieri
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Ming Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture (NERCITA) and Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Vittorio Rossi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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Li QR, Long SH, Lin Y, Wu YP, Wu QZ, Hu HM, Shen XC, Zhang X, Wijayawardene NN, Kang JC, Kumla J, Kang YQ. Diversity, morphology, and molecular phylogeny of Diatrypaceae from southern China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1140190. [PMID: 37089547 PMCID: PMC10117915 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1140190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During an investigation of Diatrypaceae from southern China, 10 xylariales-like taxa have been collected. Morphological and multi-gene analyses confirmed that these taxa reside in Diatrypaceae and represent eight novel taxa and two new records belonging to six genera (viz., Allocryptovalsa, Diatrype, Diatrypella, Paraeutypella, Peroneutypa, and Vasilyeva gen. nov.). Vasilyeva gen. nov. was proposed to accommodate Vasilyeva cinnamomi sp. nov. Among the other collections, seven new species were introduced (viz., Diatrype camelliae-japonicae sp. nov., Diatrype rubi sp. nov., Diatrypella guiyangensis sp. nov., Diatrypella fatsiae-japonicae sp. nov., Paraeutypella subguizhouensis sp. nov., Peroneutypa hainanensis sp. nov., and Peroneutypa qianensis sp. nov.), while two were reported as new records from China (Allocryptovalsa rabenhorstii and Diatrype enteroxantha). For Diatrypaceae, the traditional taxonomic approach based on morphology may not be applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Si-Han Long
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Lin
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - You-Peng Wu
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qian-Zhen Wu
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong-Min Hu
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiang-Chun Shen
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Nalin Nilusha Wijayawardene
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
- Section of Microbiology, Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka
| | - Ji-Chuan Kang
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ying-Qian Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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10
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Ma HX, Yang ZE, Song ZK, Qu Z, Li Y, Zhu AH. Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to Diatrypaceae from southeastern Tibet in China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1073548. [PMID: 37032847 PMCID: PMC10073484 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1073548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the diversity of diatrypaceous fungi from southeastern Tibet in China. The phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on ITS and β-tubulin sequences of 75 taxa of Diatrypaceae from around the world. Based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence, a new genus—Alloeutypa, with three new species—A. milinensis, Diatrype linzhiensis, and Eutypella motuoensis, and a new combination—A. flavovirens, were revealed by the materials in China. Alloeutypa is characterized by stromatal interior olivaceous buff, stromata producing well-developed discrete, and ascospores allantoid, subhyaline. These characteristics separate the new genus from the similar genus Eutypa. Comprehensive morphological descriptions, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of new taxa are provided. All novelties described herein are morphologically illustrated and phylogeny investigated to better integrate taxa into the higher taxonomic framework and infer their phylogenetic relationships as well as establish new genera and species. Our results indicate that the diatrypaceous fungi harbor higher species diversity in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xia Ma
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Xia Ma,
| | - Zhan-En Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Zi-Kun Song
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi Qu
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - An-Hong Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- An-Hong Zhu,
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11
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Reveglia P, Billones-Baaijens R, Savocchia S. Phytotoxic Metabolites Produced by Fungi Involved in Grapevine Trunk Diseases: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3382. [PMID: 36501420 PMCID: PMC9736528 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), caused by fungal pathogens, are a serious threat to vineyards worldwide, causing significant yield and economic loss. To date, curative methods are not available for GTDs, and the relationship between the pathogen and symptom expression is poorly understood. Several plant pathologists, molecular biologists, and chemists have been investigating different aspects of the pathogenicity, biochemistry, and chemical ecology of the fungal species involved in GTDs. Many studies have been conducted to investigate virulence factors, including the chemical characterization of phytotoxic metabolites (PMs) that assist fungi in invading and colonizing crops such as grapevines. Moreover, multidisciplinary studies on their role in pathogenicity, symptom development, and plant-pathogen interactions have also been carried out. The aim of the present review is to provide an illustrative overview of the biological and chemical characterization of PMs produced by fungi involved in Eutypa dieback, Esca complex, and Botryosphaeria dieback. Moreover, multidisciplinary investigations on host-pathogen interactions, including those using cutting-edge Omics techniques, will also be reviewed and discussed. Finally, challenges and opportunities in the role of PMs for reliable field diagnosis and control of GTDs in vineyards will also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Savocchia
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
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12
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Travadon R, Lawrence DP, Moyer MM, Fujiyoshi PT, Baumgartner K. Fungal species associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Washington wine grapes and California table grapes, with novelties in the genera Cadophora, Cytospora, and Sporocadus. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:1018140. [PMID: 37746176 PMCID: PMC10512239 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.1018140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases cause serious economic losses to grape growers worldwide. The identification of the causal fungi is critical to implementing appropriate management strategies. Through a culture-based approach, we identified the fungal species composition associated with symptomatic grapevines from wine grapes in southeastern Washington and table grapes in the southern San Joaquin Valley of California, two regions with contrasting winter climates. Species were confirmed through molecular identification, sequencing two to six gene regions per isolate. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses were used to identify novel species. We identified 36 species from 112 isolates, with a combination of species that are new to science, are known causal fungi of grapevine trunk diseases, or are known causal fungi of diseases of other woody plants. The novel species Cadophora columbiana, Cytospora macropycnidia, Cytospora yakimana, and Sporocadus incarnatus are formally described and introduced, six species are newly reported from North America, and grape is reported as a new host for three species. Six species were shared between the two regions: Cytospora viticola, Diatrype stigma, Diplodia seriata, Kalmusia variispora, Phaeoacremonium minimum, and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. Dominating the fungal community in Washington wine grape vineyards were species in the fungal families Diatrypaceae, Cytosporaceae and Sporocadaceae, whereas in California table grape vineyards, the dominant species were in the families Diatrypaceae, Togniniaceae, Phaeomoniellaceae and Hymenochaetaceae. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that 10 isolates caused wood discoloration similar to symptomatic wood from which they were originally isolated. Growth rates at temperatures from 5 to 35°C of 10 isolates per region, suggest that adaptation to local climate might explain their distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Travadon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Daniel P. Lawrence
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Michelle M. Moyer
- Department of Horticulture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, United States
| | - Phillip T. Fujiyoshi
- Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kendra Baumgartner
- Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, United States
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13
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Azevedo-Nogueira F, Rego C, Gonçalves HMR, Fortes AM, Gramaje D, Martins-Lopes P. The road to molecular identification and detection of fungal grapevine trunk diseases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:960289. [PMID: 36092443 PMCID: PMC9459133 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.960289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine is regarded as a highly profitable culture, being well spread worldwide and mostly directed to the wine-producing industry. Practices to maintain the vineyard in healthy conditions are tenuous and are exacerbated due to abiotic and biotic stresses, where fungal grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) play a major role. The abolishment of chemical treatments and the intensification of several management practices led to an uprise in GTD outbreaks. Symptomatology of GTDs is very similar among diseases, leading to underdevelopment of the vines and death in extreme scenarios. Disease progression is widely affected by biotic and abiotic factors, and the prevalence of the pathogens varies with country and region. In this review, the state-of-the-art regarding identification and detection of GTDs is vastly analyzed. Methods and protocols used for the identification of GTDs, which are currently rather limited, are highlighted. The main conclusion is the utter need for the development of new technologies to easily and precisely detect the presence of the pathogens related to GTDs, allowing to readily take phytosanitary measures and/or proceed to plant removal in order to establish better vineyard management practices. Moreover, new practices and methods of detection, identification, and quantification of infectious material would allow imposing greater control on nurseries and plant exportation, limiting the movement of infected vines and thus avoiding the propagation of fungal inoculum throughout wine regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Azevedo-Nogueira
- DNA & RNA Sensing Lab, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília Rego
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Margarida Fortes
- BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Gramaje
- Institute of Grapevine and Wine Sciences (ICVV), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of La Rioja and Government of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Paula Martins-Lopes
- DNA & RNA Sensing Lab, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Avenot HF, Jaime-Frias R, Travadon R, Holland LA, Lawrence DP, Trouillas FP. Development of PCR-Based Assays for Rapid and Reliable Detection and Identification of Canker-Causing Pathogens from Symptomatic Almond Trees. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1710-1722. [PMID: 35240867 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-21-0351-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trunk and scaffold canker diseases (TSCDs) of almond cause significant yield and tree losses and reduce the lifespan of orchards. In California, several pathogens cause TSCDs, including Botryosphaeriaceae, Ceratocystis destructans, Eutypa lata, Collophorina hispanica, Pallidophorina paarla, Cytospora, Diaporthe, and Phytophthora spp. Field diagnosis of TSCDs is challenging because symptom delineation among the diseases is not clear. Accurate diagnosis of the causal species requires detailed examination of symptoms and subsequent isolation on medium and identification using morphological criteria and subsequent confirmation using molecular tools. The process is time-consuming and difficult, particularly as morphological characteristics are variable and overlap among species. To facilitate diagnosis of TSCD, we developed PCR assays using 23 species-specific primers designed by exploiting sequence differences in the translation elongation factor, β-tubulin, or internal transcribed spacer gene. Using genomic DNA from pure cultures of each fungal and oomycete species, each primer pair successfully amplified a single DNA fragment from the target pathogen but not from selected nontarget pathogens or common endophytes. Although 10-fold serial dilution of fungal DNA extracted from either pure cultures or infected wood samples detected as little as 0.1 pg of DNA sample, consistent detection required 10 ng of pathogen DNA from mycelial samples or from wood chips or drill shavings from artificially or naturally infected almond wood samples with visible symptoms. The new PCR assay represents an improved tool for diagnostic laboratories and will be critical to implement effective disease surveillance and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herve F Avenot
- Kearney Agricultural Research & Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Rosa Jaime-Frias
- Kearney Agricultural Research & Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648
| | - Renaud Travadon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Leslie A Holland
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Daniel P Lawrence
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Florent P Trouillas
- Kearney Agricultural Research & Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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15
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Moghadam JN, Khaledi E, Abdollahzadeh J, Amini J. Seimatosporium marivanicum, Sporocadus kurdistanicus, and Xenoseimatosporium kurdistanicum: three new pestalotioid species associated with grapevine trunk diseases from the Kurdistan Province, Iran. Mycol Prog 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-021-01764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Minimal versus Intensive: How the Pruning Intensity Affects Occurrence of Grapevine Leaf Stripe Disease, Wood Integrity, and the Mycobiome in Grapevine Trunks. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030247. [PMID: 35330249 PMCID: PMC8948712 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous works on grapevine-trunk diseases indicate that minimal or non-pruning of the grapevine under certain circumstances can significantly reduce the risk of symptom expression. Nevertheless, knowledge of the mechanisms behind these observations are limited. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to investigate in more detail the effect of pruning intensity on the grapevine trunk by means of trunk integrity and the fungal community in the wood tissue. Two German vineyards partially trained in vertical-shoot position and semi-minimally pruned hedges were chosen for this survey due to the accessibility of multi-annual esca-monitoring data. The results revealed that only in one of the two vineyards was the incidence of external esca symptoms significantly reduced over a period of five years (2017–2021) by minimal pruning, which was up to 73.7% compared to intensive pruning. In both vineyards, the trunks of intensively pruned vines not only had more pruning wounds on the trunk (by 86.0% and 72.9%, respectively) than minimally pruned vines, but also exhibited a larger (by 19.3% and 14.7%, respectively) circumference of the trunk head. In addition, the percentage of white rot and necrosis in the trunks of esca-positive and esca-negative vines was analyzed and compared between the two pruning intensities; hereby, significant differences were only found for esca-negative ‘Dornfelder’ vines, in which the proportion of necrosis was higher for intensively pruned vines (23.0%) than for minimally pruned vines (11.5%). The fungal communities of the differently pruned vine trunks were mainly dominated by four genera, which are also associated with GTDs: Diplodia, Eutypa, Fomitiporia and Phaeomoniella. All in all, the fungal diversity and community composition did not differ between minimally and intensively pruned, esca-positive vines.
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17
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Senanayake IC, Pem D, Rathnayaka AR, Wijesinghe SN, Tibpromma S, Wanasinghe DN, Phookamsak R, Kularathnage ND, Gomdola D, Harishchandra D, Dissanayake LS, Xiang MM, Ekanayaka AH, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD, Zhang HX, Xie N. Predicting global numbers of teleomorphic ascomycetes. FUNGAL DIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-022-00498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSexual reproduction is the basic way to form high genetic diversity and it is beneficial in evolution and speciation of fungi. The global diversity of teleomorphic species in Ascomycota has not been estimated. This paper estimates the species number for sexual ascomycetes based on five different estimation approaches, viz. by numbers of described fungi, by fungus:substrate ratio, by ecological distribution, by meta-DNA barcoding or culture-independent studies and by previous estimates of species in Ascomycota. The assumptions were made with the currently most accepted, “2.2–3.8 million” species estimate and results of previous studies concluding that 90% of the described ascomycetes reproduce sexually. The Catalogue of Life, Species Fungorum and published research were used for data procurement. The average value of teleomorphic species in Ascomycota from all methods is 1.86 million, ranging from 1.37 to 2.56 million. However, only around 83,000 teleomorphic species have been described in Ascomycota and deposited in data repositories. The ratio between described teleomorphic ascomycetes to predicted teleomorphic ascomycetes is 1:22. Therefore, where are the undiscovered teleomorphic ascomycetes? The undescribed species are no doubt to be found in biodiversity hot spots, poorly-studied areas and species complexes. Other poorly studied niches include extremophiles, lichenicolous fungi, human pathogens, marine fungi, and fungicolous fungi. Undescribed species are present in unexamined collections in specimen repositories or incompletely described earlier species. Nomenclatural issues, such as the use of separate names for teleomorph and anamorphs, synonyms, conspecific names, illegitimate and invalid names also affect the number of described species. Interspecies introgression results in new species, while species numbers are reduced by extinctions.
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18
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Du TY, Karunarathna SC, Zhang X, Dai DQ, Gao Y, Mapook A, Tibpromma S. Morphology and multigene phylogeny revealed <i>Peroneutypa aquilariae</i> sp. nov. (Diatrypaceae, Xylariales) from <i>Aquilaria sinensis</i> in Yunnan Province, China. STUDIES IN FUNGI 2022. [DOI: 10.48130/sif-2022-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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19
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Holland LA, Travadon R, Lawrence DP, Nouri MT, Trouillas F. Evaluation of Pruning Wound Protection Products for the Management of Almond Canker Diseases in California. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3368-3375. [PMID: 33560878 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-20-2371-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Almond trunk and branch canker diseases constitute a major cause of tree mortality in California. Numerous fungal pathogens have been associated with these canker diseases and pruning wounds act as major infection courts. Before this study, there were no products registered in California for the management of these diseases. In this study, fungicidal products including synthetic chemistries, biocontrols, paint, and a sealant were evaluated for preventing fungal pathogen infection via pruning wounds. In four field trials conducted over two dormant seasons, 16 pruning wound treatments were tested using handheld spray applications against five almond canker pathogens, namely Botryosphaeria dothidea, Neofusicoccum parvum, Cytospora sorbicola, Ceratocystis destructans, and Eutypa lata. The fungicide thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M; United Phosphorus, Bandra West, Mumbai, India) provided 82% overall disease prevention against four fungal pathogens. The biological control agent, Trichoderma atroviride SC1 (Vintec; Bi-PA, Londerzeel, Belgium), tested at three application rates, resulted in 90 to 93% protection of pruning wounds in field trials, and for individual pathogens ranged from 81 to 100% protection for the three rates. At the time of this publication, Vintec is being considered for registration as a biological control product for the prevention of almond canker diseases, while Topsin M is recommended to growers for the prevention of almond canker diseases. This research indicates that effective protection of pruning wounds from infection by almond canker pathogens can be achieved with a one-time spray application of thiophanate-methyl or the biocontrol T. atroviride SC1 (recommended 2 g/liter) after pruning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Holland
- Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648
| | | | | | - Mohamed T Nouri
- University of California Cooperative Extension San Joaquin County, Stockton, CA 95206
| | - Florent Trouillas
- Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648
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20
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Long S, Liu L, Pi Y, Wu Y, Lin Y, Zhang X, Long Q, Kang Y, Kang J, Wijayawardene NN, Wang F, Shen X, Li Q. New contributions to Diatrypaceae from karst areas in China. MycoKeys 2021; 83:1-37. [PMID: 34522156 PMCID: PMC8397698 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.83.68926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, fungal specimens of the family Diatrypaceae were collected from karst areas in Guizhou, Hainan and Yunnan Provinces, China. Morpho-molecular analyses confirmed that these new collections comprise a new genus Pseudodiatrype, three new species (Diatrypelancangensis, Diatrypellapseudooregonensis and Eutypacerasi), a new combination (Diatrypellaoregonensis), two new records (Allodiatrypethailandica and Diatrypellavulgaris) from China and two other known species (Neoeutypellabaoshanensis and Paraeutypellacitricola). The new taxa are introduced, based on multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (ITS, β-tubulin), as well as morphological analyses. The new genus Pseudodiatrype is characterised by its wart-like stromata with 5-20 ascomata immersed in one stroma and the endostroma composed of thin black outer and inner layers of large white cells with thin, powdery, yellowish cells. These characteristics separate this genus from two similar genera Allodiatrype and Diatrype. Based on morphological as well as phylogenetic analyses, Diatrypelancangensis is introduced as a new species of Diatrype. The stromata of Diatrypelancangensis are similar to those of D.subundulata and D.undulate, but the ascospores are larger. Based on phylogenetic analyses, Diatrypeoregonensis is transferred to the genus Diatrypella as Diatrypellaoregonensis while Diatrypellapseudooregonensis is introduced as a new species of Diatrypella with 8 spores in an ascus. In addition, multi-gene phylogenetic analyses show that Eutypacerasi is closely related to E.lata, but the ascomata and asci of Eutypacerasi are smaller. The polyphyletic nature of some genera of Diatrypaceae has led to confusion in the classification of the family, thus we discuss whether the number of ascospores per asci can still be used as a basis for classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/ Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yinhui Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Youpeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Qingde Long
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yingqian Kang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of Guizhou and Guizhou Talent Base for Microbiology and Human Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jichuan Kang
- Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Nalin N Wijayawardene
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Academician Workstation of Microbiology and Health, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550000, China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Qirui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou 550025, China
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21
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Trunk Surgery as a Tool to Reduce Foliar Symptoms in Diseases of the Esca Complex and Its Influence on Vine Wood Microbiota. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7070521. [PMID: 34210025 PMCID: PMC8303226 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, trunk surgery has gained increasing attention as a method to reduce foliar symptoms typical of some of the Esca complex diseases. The technique relies on the mechanical removal of decayed wood by a chainsaw. A study on a 14-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard was carried out to validate the efficacy of trunk surgery and explore possible explanations behind it. Three levels of treatment were applied to three of the most characteristic symptoms associated with some diseases of the Esca complex, such as leaf stripe symptoms (LS), wilted shoots (WS) and apoplexy (APP). The most promising results were obtained by complete trunk surgery, where the larger decay removal allowed lower symptom re-expression. According to the wood types analyzed (decay, medium and sound wood), different changes in microbiota were observed. Alpha-diversity generally decreased for bacteria and increased for fungi. More specifically, main changes were observed for Fomitiporia mediterranea abundance that decreased considerably after trunk surgery. A possible explanation for LS symptom reduction after trunk surgery could be the microbiota shifting caused by the technique itself affecting a microbic-shared biochemical pathway involved in symptom expression.
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Zhu H, Pan M, Wijayawardene NN, Jiang N, Ma R, Dai D, Tian C, Fan X. The Hidden Diversity of Diatrypaceous Fungi in China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:646262. [PMID: 34135872 PMCID: PMC8200573 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.646262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the diversity of diatrypaceous fungi from six regions in China based on morpho-molecular analyses of combined ITS and tub2 gene regions. We accept 23 genera in Diatrypaceae with 18 genera involved in the phylogram, and the other five genera are lacking living materials with sequences data. Eleven species included in four genera (viz. Allocryptovalsa, Diatrype, Diatrypella, and Eutypella) have been isolated from seven host species, of which nine novel species (viz. Allocryptovalsa castaneae, A. castaneicola, Diatrype betulae, D. castaneicola, D. quercicola, Diatrypella betulae, Da. betulicola, Da. hubeiensis, and Da. shennongensis), a known species of Diatrypella favacea, and a new record of Eutypella citricola from the host genus Morus are included. Current results show the high diversity of Diatrypaceae which are wood-inhabiting fungi in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Pan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Nalin N. Wijayawardene
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Yunnan, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Ma
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Dongqin Dai
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Yunnan, China
| | - Chengming Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlei Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Dissanayake LS, Wijayawardene NN, Dayarathne MC, Samarakoon MC, Dai DQ, Hyde KD, Kang JC. Paraeutypella guizhouensis gen. et sp. nov. and Diatrypella longiasca sp. nov. (Diatrypaceae) from China. Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e63864. [PMID: 33824620 PMCID: PMC8019431 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e63864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we introduce a novel genus, Paraeutypella, of the family Diatrypaceae comprising three species viz. Paraeutypellaguizhouensis sp. nov. and P.citricola (basionym: Eutypellacitricola) and P.vitis (basionym: Sphaeriavitis). Diatrypellalongiasca sp. nov. is also introduced, which forms a distinct clade in Diatrypella sensu stricto. The discovery of this new genus will contribute to expanding the knowledge and taxonomic framework of Diatrypaceae (Xylariales). New information Generic delimitations in Diatrypaceae are unsettled because the phylogeny has yet to be resolved using extensive taxon sampling and sequencing of ex-type cultures. During an investigation of xylarialean fungi, we collected eutypella-like fungi which is distinct from Eutypella sensu stricto in our phylogenetic analyses (ITS and β-tubulin), thus, introduced as Paraeutypellaguizhouensis gen. et sp. nov.. Paraeutypella is characterised by having 4–25 perithecia in a stroma each with 3–6 sulcate, long ostiolar necks. Paraeutypellacitricola comb. nov. (basionym: Eutypellacitricola) is introduced on Acer sp. from China. Diatrypellalongiasca sp. nov. is introduced as a new species in Diatrypella sensu stricto. which has 2–5 ascomata per stroma and long ascospores, unusual when compared to other Diatrypella species and distinct phylogenetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakmali S Dissanayake
- Engineering Research Centre of the Utilization for Characteristic Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China Engineering Research Centre of the Utilization for Characteristic Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025 China
| | - Nalin N Wijayawardene
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, China Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University Qujing, Yunnan 655011 China.,State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550014 China
| | - Monika C Dayarathne
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025 China
| | - Milan C Samarakoon
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Dong-Qin Dai
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, China Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University Qujing, Yunnan 655011 China
| | - Kevin D Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Ji-Chuan Kang
- Engineering Research Centre of the Utilization for Characteristic Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China Engineering Research Centre of the Utilization for Characteristic Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025 China
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24
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Holland LA, Trouillas FP, Nouri MT, Lawrence DP, Crespo M, Doll DA, Duncan RA, Holtz BA, Culumber CM, Yaghmour MA, Niederholzer FJA, Lightle DM, Jarvis-Shean KS, Gordon PE, Fichtner EJ. Fungal Pathogens Associated With Canker Diseases of Almond in California. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:346-360. [PMID: 32757731 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-19-2128-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Almond canker diseases are destructive and can reduce the yield as well as the lifespan of almond orchards. These diseases may affect the trunk and branches of both young and mature trees and can result in tree death soon after orchard establishment in severe cases. Between 2015 and 2018, 70 almond orchards were visited throughout the Central Valley of California upon requests from farm advisors for canker disease diagnosis. Two major canker diseases were identified, including Botryosphaeriaceae cankers and Ceratocystis canker. In addition, five less prevalent canker diseases were identified, including Cytospora, Eutypa, Diaporthe, Collophorina, and Pallidophorina canker. Seventy-four fungal isolates were selected for multilocus phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α, β-tubulin, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene sequences; 27 species were identified, including 12 Botryosphaeriaceae species, Ceratocystis destructans, five Cytospora species, Collophorina hispanica, four Diaporthe species, two Diatrype species, Eutypa lata, and Pallidophorina paarla. The most frequently isolated species were Ceratocystis destructans, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, and Cytospora californica. Pathogenicity experiments on almond cultivar Nonpareil revealed that Neofusicoccum parvum, Neofusicoccum arbuti, and Neofusicoccum mediterraneum were the most virulent. Botryosphaeriaceae cankers were predominantly found in young orchards and symptoms were most prevalent on the trunks of trees. Ceratocystis canker was most commonly found in mature orchards and associated with symptoms found on trunks or large scaffold branches. This study provides a thorough examination of the diversity and pathogenicity of fungal pathogens associated with branch and trunk cankers of almond in California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Holland
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648
| | - Florent P Trouillas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648
| | - Mohamed T Nouri
- University of California Cooperative Extension San Joaquin County, Stockton, CA 95206
| | - Daniel P Lawrence
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Maria Crespo
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648
| | - David A Doll
- University of California Cooperative Extension Merced County, Merced, CA 95341
| | - Roger A Duncan
- University of California Cooperative Extension Stanislaus County, Modesto, CA 95358
| | - Brent A Holtz
- University of California Cooperative Extension San Joaquin County, Stockton, CA 95206
| | | | - Mohammad A Yaghmour
- University of California Cooperative Extension Kern County, Bakersfield, CA 93307
| | | | - Danielle M Lightle
- University of California Cooperative Extension Glenn County, Orland, CA 95963
| | - Katherine S Jarvis-Shean
- University of California Cooperative Extension Sacramento, Solano, and Yolo Counties, Woodland, CA 95695
| | - Phoebe E Gordon
- University of California Cooperative Extension Madera County, Madera, CA 93637
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Silva-Valderrama I, Toapanta D, Miccono MDLA, Lolas M, Díaz GA, Cantu D, Castro A. Biocontrol Potential of Grapevine Endophytic and Rhizospheric Fungi Against Trunk Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:614620. [PMID: 33488557 PMCID: PMC7817659 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.614620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs) are a major challenge to the grape industry worldwide. GTDs are responsible for considerable loss of quality, production, and vineyard longevity. Seventy-five percent of Chilean vineyards are estimated to be affected by GTDs. GTDs are complex diseases caused by several fungi species, including members of the Botryosphaeriaceae family and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, considered some of the most important causal agents for these diseases in Chile. In this study, we isolated 169 endophytic and 209 rhizospheric fungi from grapevines grown under organic and conventional farming in Chile. Multiple isolates of Chaetomium sp., Cladosporium sp., Clonostachys rosea, Epicoccum nigrum, Purpureocillium lilacinum, and Trichoderma sp. were evaluated for their potential of biocontrol activity against Diplodia seriata, Neofusicoccum parvum, and Pa. chlamydospora. Tests of antagonism were carried out using two dual-culture-plate methods with multiple media types, including agar containing grapevine wood extract to simulate in planta nutrient conditions. Significant pathogen growth inhibition was observed by all isolates tested. Clonostachys rosea showed 98.2% inhibition of all pathogens in the presence of grapevine wood extract. We observed 100% pathogen growth inhibition when autoclaved lignified grapevine shoots were pre-inoculated with either C. rosea strains or Trichoderma sp. Overall, these results show that C. rosea strains isolated from grapevines are promising biocontrol agents against GTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Toapanta
- UC Davis Chile Life Sciences Innovation Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria de Los Angeles Miccono
- UC Davis Chile Life Sciences Innovation Center, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mauricio Lolas
- Laboratorio de Patología Frutal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gonzalo A Díaz
- Laboratorio de Patología Frutal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Alvaro Castro
- UC Davis Chile Life Sciences Innovation Center, Santiago, Chile
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26
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Esparham N, Mohammadi H, Gramaje D. A Survey of Trunk Disease Pathogens within Citrus Trees in Iran. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060754. [PMID: 32560035 PMCID: PMC7355864 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Citrus trees with cankers and dieback symptoms were observed in Bushehr (Bushehr province, Iran). Isolations were made from diseased cankers and branches. Recovered fungal isolates were identified using cultural and morphological characteristics, as well as comparisons of DNA sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal DNA-internal transcribed spacer region, translation elongation factor 1α, β-tubulin, and actin gene regions. Dothiorellaviticola, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neoscytalidiumhyalinum, Phaeoacremonium (P.) parasiticum, P. italicum, P. iranianum, P. rubrigenum, P. minimum, P. croatiense, P. fraxinopensylvanicum, Phaeoacremonium sp., Cadophora luteo-olivacea, Biscogniauxia (B.) mediterranea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. boninense, Peyronellaea (Pa.) pinodella, Stilbocrea (S.) walteri, and several isolates of Phoma, Pestalotiopsis, and Fusarium species were obtained from diseased trees. The pathogenicity tests were conducted by artificial inoculation of excised shoots of healthy acid lime trees (Citrus aurantifolia) under controlled conditions. Lasiodiplodia theobromae was the most virulent and caused the longest lesions within 40 days of inoculation. According to literature reviews, this is the first report of L. theobromae and N. hyalinum on citrus in Iran. Additionally, we report several Phaeoacremonium species, S. walteri, Pa. pinodella and C. luteo-olivacea on citrus trees for the first time in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Esparham
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616914111, Iran;
| | - Hamid Mohammadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616914111, Iran;
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (D.G.); Tel.: +98-34-3132-2682 (H.M.); +34-94-1899-4980 (D.G.)
| | - David Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (D.G.); Tel.: +98-34-3132-2682 (H.M.); +34-94-1899-4980 (D.G.)
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Dayarathne MC, Wanasinghe DN, Devadatha B, Abeywickrama P, Gareth Jones EB, Chomnunti P, Sarma VV, Hyde KD, Lumyong S, Mckenzie EHC. Modern Taxonomic Approaches to Identifying Diatrypaceous Fungi from Marine Habitats, with a Novel Genus Halocryptovalsa Dayarathne & K.D.Hyde, Gen. Nov. CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOL 2020. [DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2020v41a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika C. Dayarathne
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100 (Thailand) and World Agroforestry Centre East and Central Asia Office, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201 (China) and Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeogra
| | - Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100 (Thailand) and World Agroforestry Centre East and Central Asia Office, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201 (China)
| | - B. Devadatha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014 (India)
| | - Pranami Abeywickrama
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100 (Thailand) and Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (China)
| | - E. B. Gareth Jones
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saudi University, Riyadh (Saudi Arabia)
| | - Putarak Chomnunti
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100 (Thailand)
| | - V. V. Sarma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014 (India)
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100 (Thailand) and World Agroforestry Centre East and Central Asia Office, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201 (China) and Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeogra
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 (Thailand)
| | - Eric H. C. Mckenzie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 (Thailand) and Landcare Research New Zealand, Private Bag 92170, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142 (New Zealand)
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Eichmeier A, Pecenka J, Spetik M, Necas T, Ondrasek I, Armengol J, León M, Berlanas C, Gramaje D. Fungal Trunk Pathogens Associated With Juglans regia in the Czech Republic. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:761-771. [PMID: 31944904 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-19-1308-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Juglans regia L. (English walnut) trees with cankers and dieback symptoms were observed in two regions in the Czech Republic. Isolations were made from diseased branches. In total, 138 fungal isolates representing 10 fungal species were obtained from wood samples and identified based on morphological characteristics and molecular methods: Cadophora novi-eboraci, Cadophora spadicis, Cryptovalsa ampelina, Diaporthe eres, Diplodia seriata, Dothiorella omnivora, Eutypa lata, Eutypella sp., Peroneutypa scoparia, and Phaeoacremonium sicilianum. Pathogenicity tests conducted under field conditions with all species using the mycelium-plug method indicated that Eutypa lata and Cadophora spp. were highly virulent to woody stems of walnut. This is the first study to detect and identify fungal trunk pathogens associated with diseased walnut trees in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eichmeier
- Mendeleum Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - J Pecenka
- Mendeleum Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - M Spetik
- Mendeleum Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - T Necas
- Department of Fruit Growing, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - I Ondrasek
- Department of Fruit Growing, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - J Armengol
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - M León
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - C Berlanas
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - D Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
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29
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Natonodosa speciosa gen. et sp. nov. and rediscovery of Poroisariopsis inornata: neotropical anamorphic fungi in Xylariales. Mycol Prog 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-019-01537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Mehrabi M, Asgari B, Hemmati R. Two new species of Eutypella and a new combination in the genus Peroneutypa (Diatrypaceae). Mycol Prog 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-019-01503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Reis P, Pierron R, Larignon P, Lecomte P, Abou-Mansour E, Farine S, Bertsch C, Jacques A, Trotel-Aziz P, Rego C, Fontaine F. Vitis Methods to Understand and Develop Strategies for Diagnosis and Sustainable Control of Grapevine Trunk Diseases. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:916-931. [PMID: 30852973 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-18-0349-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitis vinifera is affected by many diseases every year, depending on causal agents, susceptibility of cultivars, and climate region. Some are caused by a single agent, such as gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea or powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe necator. Others result from the actions of a complex of pathogens such as grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). GTDs are presently among the most devastating diseases in viticulture worldwide because both the economic losses and the long-term sustainability of vineyards are strongly affected. The complexity of GTDs results from the diversity of associated fungi, the undetermined period of latency within the vine (asymptomatic status), the erratic foliar symptom expression from one year to the next, and, probably correlated with all of these points, the lack of efficient strategies to control them. Distinct methods can be beneficial to improve our knowledge of GTDs. In vitro bioassays with cell suspensions, calli, foliar discs, full leaves, or plantlets, and in vivo natural bioassays with cuttings, grafted plants in the greenhouse, or artificially infected ones in the vineyard, can be applied by using progressive integrative levels of in vitro and in vivo, depending on the information searched. In this review, the methods available to understand GTDs are described in terms of experimental procedures, main obtained results, and deliverable prospects. The advantages and disadvantages of each model are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Reis
- 1 Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Pierron
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - P Larignon
- 3 Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, France, 7 avenue Cazeaux, Rodilhan 30230, France
| | - P Lecomte
- 4 UMR Santé et agroécologie du vignoble, INRA-Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - E Abou-Mansour
- 5 Université de Fribourg, Département de Biologie, rue du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - S Farine
- 6 Université Haute-Alsace, Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement EA 3991, 33 rue Herrlisheim, 68008 Colmar cedex, France
| | - C Bertsch
- 6 Université Haute-Alsace, Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement EA 3991, 33 rue Herrlisheim, 68008 Colmar cedex, France
| | - A Jacques
- 7 Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan, 75 voie du Toec, BP57611, 31076 Toulouse cedex 3, France
| | - P Trotel-Aziz
- 8 SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, RIBP EA 4707, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - C Rego
- 1 Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F Fontaine
- 8 SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, RIBP EA 4707, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
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Kraus C, Voegele RT, Fischer M. Temporal Development of the Culturable, Endophytic Fungal Community in Healthy Grapevine Branches and Occurrence of GTD-Associated Fungi. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 77:866-876. [PMID: 30397796 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi play an important role in the life of grapevine, either as beneficial microorganisms or as pathogens. Many surveys concerning the fungal grapevine community have been conducted. Nevertheless, exactly how the fungal community arises within the plant and develops from young shoots to mature vines is still unknown. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to investigate the early development of endophytic fungal communities in healthy grapevine branches from 2 months to 8 years old. More than 3800 fungi belonging to 86 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were isolated from wood samples and assigned to eight age groups. The community composition within the age groups changed and significant differences between young (≤ 1 year) and old (> 1 year) branches were found. The former were primarily dominated by ubiquitous, fast-growing fungi like Alternaria spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Cladosporium spp., or Epicoccum nigrum, while communities of perennial branches additionally harbored many grapevine trunk disease (GTD)-associated fungi such as Diplodia seriata or Eutypa lata. This work gives an insight into the early development of fungal communities in grapevine, the nature and composition of primary settlers and core communities, as well as the emergence of GTD-associated fungi in perennial wood. This information may help grapevine growers to better estimate the risk in relation to the applied training system, producing mainly old branches or young shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kraus
- Federal Research Centre of Cultivated Plants, Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Julius Kühn-Institut, 76833, Siebeldingen, Germany.
- Department of Phytopathology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Hohenheim, Germany.
| | - Ralf T Voegele
- Department of Phytopathology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Hohenheim, Germany
| | - Michael Fischer
- Federal Research Centre of Cultivated Plants, Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Julius Kühn-Institut, 76833, Siebeldingen, Germany
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Sosnowski MR, Mundy DC. Pruning Wound Protection Strategies for Simultaneous Control of Eutypa and Botryosphaeria Dieback in New Zealand. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:519-525. [PMID: 30632468 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-18-0728-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The grapevine trunk diseases Eutypa and Botryosphaeria dieback threaten the sustainability of vineyards worldwide. This study aimed to develop practical and efficient wound protection strategies, which will lead to widespread adoption of preventative control for these diseases and increased longevity of vineyards. Five fungicides (tebuconazole, carbendazim, fluazinam, mancozeb, and flusilazole) were evaluated for efficacy against Eutypa lata and Neofusicoccum luteum infection on pruning wounds of 'Sauvignon blanc' in a New Zealand vineyard. All five fungicides controlled infection by both pathogens to varying degrees, with mean percent disease control of 70 to 90% for E. lata and 33 to 93% for N. luteum. This has led to the first known registration of a fungicide, fluazinam (Gem), for simultaneous control of both Eutypa and Botryosphaeria dieback. Furthermore, application of carbendazim with tractor-driven sprayers provided similar control of E. lata and N. luteum to that when applied by hand with a paintbrush. This constitutes the first report of Botryosphaeria dieback control with fungicides applied with tractor-driven sprayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Sosnowski
- 1 South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- 2 School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; and
| | - Dion C Mundy
- 3 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Marlborough Wine Research Centre, Blenheim 7240, New Zealand
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Moyo P, Damm U, Mostert L, Halleen F. Eutypa, Eutypella, and Cryptovalsa Species (Diatrypaceae) Associated with Prunus Species in South Africa. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:1402-1409. [PMID: 30673568 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-17-1696-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stone fruit trees (Prunus spp.) are economically important fruit trees cultivated in South Africa. These trees are often grown in close proximity to vineyards and are to a large extent affected by the same trunk disease pathogens as grapevines. The aim of the present study was to determine whether stone fruit trees are inhabited by Diatrypaceae species known from grapevines and whether these trees could act as alternative hosts for these fungal species. Isolations were carried out from symptomatic wood of Prunus species (almond, apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach, and plum) in stone fruit growing areas in South Africa. Identification of isolates was based on phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region and β-tubulin gene. Forty-six Diatrypaceae isolates were obtained from a total of 380 wood samples, from which five species were identified. All five species have also been associated with dieback of grapevine. The highest number of isolates was found on apricot followed by plum. No Diatrypaceae species were isolated from peach and nectarine. Eutypa lata was the dominant species isolated (26 isolates), followed by Cryptovalsa ampelina (7), Eutypa cremea (5), Eutypella citricola (5), and Eutypella microtheca (3). First reports from Prunus spp. are E. cremea, E. citricola, and E. microtheca. Pathogenicity tests conducted on apricot and plum revealed that all these species are pathogenic to these hosts, causing red-brown necrotic lesions like those typical of Eutypa dieback on apricot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Providence Moyo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Ulrike Damm
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Gorlitz, PF 300 154, 02806 Gorlitz, Germany
| | - Lizel Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Francois Halleen
- Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
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González-Menéndez V, Crespo G, de Pedro N, Diaz C, Martín J, Serrano R, Mackenzie TA, Justicia C, González-Tejero MR, Casares M, Vicente F, Reyes F, Tormo JR, Genilloud O. Fungal endophytes from arid areas of Andalusia: high potential sources for antifungal and antitumoral agents. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9729. [PMID: 29950656 PMCID: PMC6021435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Native plant communities from arid areas present distinctive characteristics to survive in extreme conditions. The large number of poorly studied endemic plants represents a unique potential source for the discovery of novel fungal symbionts as well as host-specific endophytes not yet described. The addition of adsorptive polymeric resins in fungal fermentations has been seen to promote the production of new secondary metabolites and is a tool used consistently to generate new compounds with potential biological activities. A total of 349 fungal strains isolated from 63 selected plant species from arid ecosystems located in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, were characterized morphologically as well as based on their ITS/28S ribosomal gene sequences. The fungal community isolated was distributed among 19 orders including Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes, being Pleosporales the most abundant order. In total, 107 different genera were identified being Neocamarosporium the genus most frequently isolated from these plants, followed by Preussia and Alternaria. Strains were grown in four different media in presence and absence of selected resins to promote chemical diversity generation of new secondary metabolites. Fermentation extracts were evaluated, looking for new antifungal activities against plant and human fungal pathogens, as well as, cytotoxic activities against the human liver cancer cell line HepG2. From the 349 isolates tested, 126 (36%) exhibited significant bioactivities including 58 strains with exclusive antifungal properties and 33 strains with exclusive activity against the HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. After LCMS analysis, 68 known bioactive secondary metabolites could be identified as produced by 96 strains, and 12 likely unknown compounds were found in a subset of 14 fungal endophytes. The chemical profiles of the differential expression of induced activities were compared. As proof of concept, ten active secondary metabolites only produced in the presence of resins were purified and identified. The structures of three of these compounds were new and herein are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gloria Crespo
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. del conocimiento 34, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Nuria de Pedro
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. del conocimiento 34, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Caridad Diaz
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. del conocimiento 34, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Martín
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. del conocimiento 34, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Rachel Serrano
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. del conocimiento 34, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Justicia
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. del conocimiento 34, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - M Reyes González-Tejero
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, C/ Prof. Clavera, s/n, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - M Casares
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, C/ Prof. Clavera, s/n, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. del conocimiento 34, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - José R Tormo
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. del conocimiento 34, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. del conocimiento 34, 18016, Granada, Spain
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Lawrence DP, Travadon R, Baumgartner K. Novel Seimatosporium Species from Grapevine in Northern California and Their Interactions with Fungal Pathogens Involved in the Trunk-Disease Complex. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:1081-1092. [PMID: 30673434 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-17-1247-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Seimatosporium spp. and closely related "pestalotioid fungi" have been isolated from vineyards worldwide, but their ecological status in grapevine wood is unclear. To determine their involvement in the grapevine trunk-disease complex, we tested the pathogenicity of Californian isolates obtained from vines with general symptoms of Botryosphaeria, Eutypa, and Phomopsis diebacks. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses revealed three species: Seimatosporium vitis and two newly described and typified species, S. luteosporum sp. nov. and S. vitifusiforme sp. nov. Inoculations to woody stems of potted grapevines of both isolates of S. vitis and one isolate of S. vitifusiforme, but not S. luteosporum, were associated with significantly larger lesions than those of noninoculated controls. Coinoculations with trunk pathogens (Cryptovalsa ampelina, Diaporthe ambigua, Diatrypella verruciformis, Diplodia seriata, and Eutypa lata), coisolated from the same wood cankers in the field, brought about increased lesion lengths for S. vitifusiforme paired with D. seriata, and S. luteosporum paired with Diaporthe ambigua. In contrast, there were no differences in lesion lengths of S. vitis and Diatrypella verruciformis or S. vitis and E. lata, inoculated alone or together. Our findings suggest that Seimatosporium spp. are involved in the grapevine trunk-disease complex, and their virulence may depend on or affect that of trunk pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Lawrence
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - Renaud Travadon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - Kendra Baumgartner
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, CA 95616
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Jayawardena RS, Purahong W, Zhang W, Wubet T, Li X, Liu M, Zhao W, Hyde KD, Liu J, Yan J. Biodiversity of fungi on Vitis vinifera L. revealed by traditional and high-resolution culture-independent approaches. FUNGAL DIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-018-0398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Gramaje D, Úrbez-Torres JR, Sosnowski MR. Managing Grapevine Trunk Diseases With Respect to Etiology and Epidemiology: Current Strategies and Future Prospects. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:12-39. [PMID: 30673457 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-17-0512-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fungal trunk diseases are some of the most destructive diseases of grapevine in all grape growing areas of the world. Management of GTDs has been intensively studied for decades with some great advances made in our understanding of the causal pathogens, their epidemiology, impact, and control. However, due to the breadth and complexity of the problem, no single effective control measure has been developed. Management of GTD must be holistic and integrated, with an interdisciplinary approach conducted in both nurseries and vineyards that integrates plant pathology, agronomy, viticulture, microbiology, epidemiology, biochemistry, physiology, and genetics. In this review, we identify a number of areas of future prospect for effective management of GTDs worldwide, which, if addressed, will provide a positive outlook on the longevity of vineyards in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de la Rioja - Gobierno de la Rioja, Logroño 26007, Spain
| | - José Ramón Úrbez-Torres
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Summerland, British Columbia V0H1Z0, Canada
| | - Mark R Sosnowski
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, GPO Box 397, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia; and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Moyo P, Mostert L, Spies CFJ, Damm U, Halleen F. Diversity of Diatrypaceae Species Associated with Dieback of Grapevines in South Africa, with the Description of Eutypa cremea sp. nov. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:220-230. [PMID: 30673471 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-17-0738-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies in grape-growing areas including Australia, California, and Spain have revealed an extensive diversity of Diatrypaceae species on grapevines showing dieback symptoms and cankers. However, in South Africa, little is known regarding the diversity of these species in vineyards. The aim of this study was, therefore, to identify and characterize Diatrypaceae species associated with dieback symptoms of grapevine in South Africa. Isolates were collected from dying spurs of grapevines aged 4 to 8 years old, grapevine wood showing wedge-shaped necrosis when cut in cross section as well as from perithecia on dead grapevine wood. The collected isolates were identified based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and β-tubulin gene. Seven Diatrypaceae species were identified on grapevine, namely Cryptovalsa ampelina, C. rabenhorstii, Eutypa consobrina, E. lata, E. cremea sp. nov., Eutypella citricola, and E. microtheca. The dying spurs yielded the highest diversity of species when compared with the wedge-shaped necrosis and/or perithecia. C. ampelina was the dominant species in the dying spurs, followed by E. citricola, whereas E. lata was the dominant species isolated from the wedge-shaped necroses and perithecia. These results confirm E. lata as an important grapevine canker pathogen in South Africa, but the frequent association of C. ampelina with spur dieback suggests that this pathogen plays a more prominent role in dieback than previously assumed. In some cases, more than one species were isolated from a single symptom, which suggests that interactions may be occurring leading to decline of grapevines. C. rabenhorstii, E. consobrina, E. citricola, E. microtheca, and E. cremea are reported for the first time on grapevine in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Providence Moyo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Lizel Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Christoffel F J Spies
- Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbji, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
| | - Ulrike Damm
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
| | - Francois Halleen
- Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbji, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
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Diatrypella tectonae and Peroneutypa mackenziei spp. nov. (Diatrypaceae) from northern Thailand. Mycol Prog 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-017-1294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mayorquin JS, Wang DH, Twizeyimana M, Eskalen A. Identification, Distribution, and Pathogenicity of Diatrypaceae and Botryosphaeriaceae Associated with Citrus Branch Canker in the Southern California Desert. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:2402-2413. [PMID: 30686172 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-16-0362-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several members of the families Botryosphaeriaceae and Diatrypaceae are known as canker and dieback pathogens of a number of woody hosts. Because desert citrus production in California can occur in proximity to table grape production, it was suspected that fungi associated with grapevine cankers might also be associated with citrus branch canker and dieback decline. To determine the fungi associated with branch canker and dieback disease of citrus in the southern California desert regions, surveys were conducted from 2011 to 2013 in the major citrus-growing regions of Riverside, Imperial, and San Diego Counties. Cankered tissues were collected from branches showing symptoms typical of branch canker and dieback. Various fungal species were recovered from necrotic tissues and species were identified morphologically and by phylogenetic comparison of partial sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), β-tubulin gene, and elongation factor 1-α genes with those of other species in GenBank. Four fungi, including Neoscytalidium hyalinum, Eutypella citricola, E. microtheca, and an unnamed Eutypella sp., were associated with branch canker. N. hyalinum was the most frequently recovered fungus from symptomatic tissues (31%) followed by E. citricola (10%), E. microtheca (4%), and the Eutypella sp. (2%). In pathogenicity tests, all fungi caused lesions when inoculated on 'Lisbon' lemon (citrus) branches. Lesions caused by the Eutypella sp. were significantly longer than those of the other Eutypella spp.; however, they did not differ significantly from those produced by N. hyalinum. The most-parsimonious unrooted trees based on the combined data of ITS and partial β-tubulin gene region sequences showed three distinct clades of Eutypella spp. (E. citricola, E. microtheca, and an unidentified Eutypella sp.). Similarly, ITS and partial translation elongation factor 1-α gene region sequences differentiated two species of Neoscytalidium, N. hyalinum and N. novaehollandiae. Identifying the diversity, distribution, and occurrence of these fungal pathogens is useful for the management of citrus branch canker and dieback disease in the desert citrus-growing regions of California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey S Mayorquin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside 92521
| | - Danny H Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside 92521
| | - Mathias Twizeyimana
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside 92521
| | - Akif Eskalen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside 92521
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Moyo P, Mostert L, Bester M, Halleen F. Trunk Disease Fungi Associated With Diospyros kaki in South Africa. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:2383-2393. [PMID: 30686164 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-16-0245-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon trees with dieback symptoms and cankers were observed in three production areas in Western Cape Province in South Africa. Isolations were made from diseased branches, cankers, and pruning wounds as well as fungal fruiting bodies on dead branches and old pruning wounds. Several trunk disease pathogens were identified based on morphological characteristics and by molecular methods, including Diaporthe eres, D. infecunda, Eutypella citricola, E. microtheca, Phaeoacremonium parasiticum, P. scolyti, P. australiense, P. minimum, Fomitiporia capensis, Fomitiporia sp., Fomitiporella sp., and Inocutis sp., which were isolated from persimmon for the first time in the world. Other first reports from persimmon in South Africa include D. foeniculina, D. ambigua, D. mutila, Diaporthe sp., Neofusicoccum australe, N. parvum, Diplodia seriata, and Eutypa lata. Pathogenicity tests conducted with all species, except the basidiomycetes, confirmed their status as possible persimmon pathogens. This is the first study to determine and identify fungi associated with diseased persimmon in South Africa. The knowledge gained in this study forms the basis for further research to determine the impact of these fungi on persimmon productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moyo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - L Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - M Bester
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - F Halleen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa, and Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbji, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
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Kuriakose GC, Palem PPC, Jayabaskaran C. Fungal vincristine from Eutypella spp - CrP14 isolated from Catharanthus roseus induces apoptosis in human squamous carcinoma cell line -A431. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:302. [PMID: 27550200 PMCID: PMC4994308 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catharanthus roseus, a medicinal plant, is known to produce secondary metabolites, vincristine and vinblastine, which are terpenoid indole alkaloids. Previously we have reported that Eutypella spp - CrP14 isolated from stem cutting of this plant had shown significant antiproliferative activity when tested in vitro against HeLa cell line. The present study was conducted to identify the anticancer compound responsible for the anti-proliferative activity of the fungal extract and to evaluate its in vitro anticancer and apoptotic effects. METHODS The anti-proliferative activity of the fungal anticancer compound, vincristine was analyzed by MTT assay against different cancer cell lines. We examined its efficacy of apoptotic induction on A431 cells. The parameters examined included cell cycle distribution, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), DNA fragmentation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. RESULTS The presence of vincristine in fungal culture filtrate was confirmed through chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses, and the amount was estimated to be 53 ± 5.0 μg/l. The partially purified fungal vincristine had strong cytotoxic activity towards human squamous carcinoma cells - A431 in the MTT assay. Furthermore, we showed that the fungal vincristine was capable of inducing apoptosis in A431 cells through generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of the intrinsic pathway leading to loss of MMP. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated for the first time that the vincristine from Eutypella spp - CrP14 is an efficient inducer of apoptosis in A431 cells, meriting its further evaluation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gini C. Kuriakose
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012 India
| | - Padmini P. C. Palem
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012 India
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Elena G, Luque J. Seasonal Susceptibility of Grapevine Pruning Wounds and Cane Colonization in Catalonia, Spain Following Artificial Infection with Diplodia seriata and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:1651-1659. [PMID: 30686215 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-15-1186-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diplodia seriata and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora are two fungal pathogens associated with grapevine trunk diseases worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the period during which grapevine pruning wounds remain susceptible to fungal infection and to describe the colonization of canes artificially inoculated with these pathogens. In the first experiment, pruning wounds made in either fall or winter were separately inoculated with each pathogen at different times after pruning. Wound susceptibility to both pathogens decreased as the period between pruning and inoculation increased, from high percentages recorded in the first inoculation round (D. seriata, 97.5% and P. chlamydospora, 75%) down to approximately 10% 12 weeks after pruning. Pruning wounds remained more susceptible to D. seriata after a late pruning in winter whereas no overall seasonal changes in wound susceptibility were detected for P. chlamydospora. In the second experiment, canes were pruned by leaving two different lengths between the top node and the pruning wound before inoculations. Pathogens were recovered at different incubation periods and from different sites along the canes to estimate fungal cane colonization. A longer pruned internode made cane colonization by P. chlamydospora difficult, as indicated by fungal recoveries lower than 10% at the lowest recovery site, whereas D. seriata was less inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Elena
- Department of Plant Pathology, IRTA Cabrils, 08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Luque
- Department of Plant Pathology, IRTA Cabrils, 08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain
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Réblová M, Miller AN, Rossman AY, Seifert KA, Crous PW, Hawksworth DL, Abdel-Wahab MA, Cannon PF, Daranagama DA, De Beer ZW, Huang SK, Hyde KD, Jayawardena R, Jaklitsch W, Jones EBG, Ju YM, Judith C, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Pang KL, Petrini LE, Raja HA, Romero AI, Shearer C, Senanayake IC, Voglmayr H, Weir BS, Wijayawarden NN. Recommendations for competing sexual-asexually typified generic names in Sordariomycetes (except Diaporthales, Hypocreales, and Magnaporthales). IMA Fungus 2016; 7:131-53. [PMID: 27433444 PMCID: PMC4941682 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.01.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advance to one scientific name for each fungal species, the generic names in the class Sordariomycetes typified by sexual and asexual morphs are evaluated based on their type species to determine if they compete with each other for use or protection. Recommendations are made for which of the competing generic names should be used based on criteria such as priority, number of potential names changes, and frequency of use. Some recommendations for well-known genera include Arthrinium over Apiospora, Colletotrichum over Glomerella, Menispora over Zignoëlla, Microdochium over Monographella, Nigrospora over Khuskia, and Plectosphaerella over Plectosporium. All competing generic names are listed in a table of recommended names along with the required action. If priority is not accorded to sexually typified generic names after 2017, only four names would require formal protection: Chaetosphaerella over Oedemium, Diatrype over Libertella, Microdochium over Monographella, and Phaeoacremonium over Romellia and Togninia. Concerning species in the recommended genera, one replacement name (Xylaria benjaminii nom. nov.) is introduced, and the following new combinations are made: Arthrinium sinense, Chloridium caesium, C. chloroconium, C. gonytrichii, Corollospora marina, C. parvula, C. ramulosa, Juncigena fruticosae, Melanospora simplex, Seimatosporium massarina, Sporoschisma daemonoropis, S. taitense, Torpedospora mangrovei, Xylaria penicilliopsis, and X. termiticola combs. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Réblová
- Department of Taxonomy, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prùhonice 252 43, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew N. Miller
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA
| | - Amy Y. Rossman
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Keith A. Seifert
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Pedro W. Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David L. Hawksworth
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Mohamed A. Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Paul F. Cannon
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Dinushani A. Daranagama
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Z. Wilhelm De Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Shi-Ke Huang
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Ruvvishika Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Walter Jaklitsch
- Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology and Forest Protection, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E. B. Gareth Jones
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115 29, Taiwan
| | - Caroline Judith
- Department of Mycology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 8, 123 Al Khoud, Oman
| | - Ka-Lai Pang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Centre of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan (ROC)
| | | | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 457 Sullivan Science Building, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA
| | - Andrea I Romero
- Instituto de Micología y Botánica, UBA-CONICET, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Piso 4°, Lab 6, Av. Int. Güiraldes 2620. Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carol Shearer
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA
| | - Indunil C. Senanayake
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Hermann Voglmayr
- Division of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bevan S. Weir
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nalin N. Wijayawarden
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
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de Almeida DAC, Gusmão LFP, Miller AN. Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of Diatrypaceae (Ascomycota, Xylariales) species from the Brazilian semi-arid region, including four new species. Mycol Prog 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-016-1194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Trouillas FP, Gubler WD. Cryptosphaeria Dieback of Fremont Cottonwood Caused by Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis and C. multicontinentalis in California. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:777-783. [PMID: 30688620 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-15-0972-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fremont cottonwood is a large and tall tree native to riparian areas in the southwestern United States. It grows along streams, rivers, and wetlands and serves many ecological and socioeconomic functions. In recent years, we observed a severe decline of Fremont cottonwood trees in California. Trees showed branches dying back, with dark-brown internal discoloration and decay of the wood of twigs, branches, or trunks. Eventually, the cambium and the bark were killed, causing a canker. The fungus Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis was isolated consistently from the necrotic wood of branches and twigs. On rare occasion, C. multicontinentalis was also isolated from symptomatic wood. Therefore, we investigated the pathogenicity in Fremont cottonwood of C. pullmanensis and C. multicontinentalis. Koch's postulates were completed in saplings and both species appeared highly virulent, producing internal necrosis and staining of the wood. This study is the first to report Cryptosphaeria dieback of Populus fremontii caused by C. pullmanensis and C. multicontinentalis. Symptoms and signs of this new disease are described and illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Trouillas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - W D Gubler
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis 95616
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