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Schulz J, Antala J, Rezazgui D, Císařová I, Štěpnička P. Synthesis, Structure, Reactivity, and Intramolecular Donor-Acceptor Interactions in a Phosphinoferrocene Stibine and Its Corresponding Phosphine Chalcogenides and Stiboranes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14028-14043. [PMID: 37566394 PMCID: PMC10466383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Ferrocene-based phosphines equipped with additional functional groups are versatile ligands for coordination chemistry and catalysis. This contribution describes a new compound of this type, combining phosphine and stibine groups at the ferrocene backbone, viz. 1-(diphenylphosphino)-1'-(diphenylstibino)ferrocene (1). Phosphinostibine 1 and the corresponding P-chalcogenide derivatives Ph2P(E)fcSbPh2 (1E, fc = ferrocene-1,1'-diyl, E = O, S, Se) were synthesized and further converted to the corresponding stiboranes Ph2P(E)fcSb(O2C6Cl4)Ph2 (6 and 6E) by oxidation with o-chloranil. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods, X-ray diffraction analysis, cyclic voltammetry, and theoretical methods. Both NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations confirmed the presence of P → Sb and P═O → Sb donor-acceptor interactions in 6 and 6O, triggered by the oxidation of the stibine moiety into Lewis acidic stiborane. The corresponding interactions in 6S and 6Se were of the same type but significantly weaker. A coordination study with AuCl as the model metal fragment revealed that the phosphine group acts as the "primary" coordination site, in line with its higher basicity. The obtained Au(I) complexes were applied as catalysts in the Au-catalyzed cyclization of N-propargylbenzamide and in the oxidative [2 + 2 + 1] cyclization of ethynylbenzene with acetonitrile and pyridine N-oxides. The catalytic results showed that the stibine complexes had worse catalytic performance than their phosphine counterparts, most likely due to the formation of weaker coordination bonds and hence poorer stabilization of the active metal species. Nevertheless, the stibine moiety could be used to fine-tune the properties of the ligated metal center by changing the oxidation state or substituents at the "remote" Sb atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Schulz
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Antala
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Rezazgui
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpnička
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Dominant changes in centre Fe atom of decamethyl-ferrocene from ferrocene in methylation. Theor Chem Acc 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-022-02949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AbstractStaggered decamethyl-ferrocene (*Fc) becomes the lower energy conformer at low temperature, whereas the eclipsed conformer of ferrocene (Fc) is more stable. The powerful infrared (IR) spectroscopy which has remarkably provided signatures of ferrocene (Fc) in eclipsed and staggered conformers recently is employed to investigate methylation of Fc. The most significant consequences of the full methylation of Fc in the IR spectra are the blue shift of the band at ~ 800 cm−1 in Fc to ~ 1500 cm−1 in *Fc, and the enhancement of the C–H stretch band at ~ 3200 cm−1 region in *Fc. Further analysis reveals large impact of Fc methylation on core electron energies of the centre Fe atom (1s22s22p63s23p6). The Fe core electron energy changes can be as large as ~ 10 kcal mol−1 and are directional—the Fe 2pz and 3pz orbitals along the *Cp–Fe–*Cp axis (Cp centroids, vertical) change more strongly than other Fe core electrons in px and py orbitals. The directional inner shell energy changes are evidenced by larger inner shell reorganization energy. Energy decomposition analysis (EDA) indicates that methyl groups in *Fc apparently change the physical energy components with respect to Fc. The large steric energy of *Fc evidences that the closest hydrogens on adjacent methyl groups of the same *Cp ring in crystal structure are 0.2–0.4 Å closer than the hydrogens on nearest-neighbour methyl groups on opposing rings in *Fc. A significant increase in Pauli repulsive energy contributes to the large repulsive steric energy in *Fc.
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3
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Anila S, Suresh CH. Fulleride-metal η 5 sandwich and multi-decker sandwich complexes: A DFT prediction. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:199-208. [PMID: 35417041 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The (C60 CN)- formed by the reaction of CN- with fullerene shows high electron rich character, very similar to C60 ˙- , and it behaves as a large anion. Similar to Cp- , the bulky anion, (C60 CN)- , acts as a strong η5 ligand towards transition metal centers. Previous studies on η5 coordination of fullerene cage are reported for pseudo fullerenes whereas the present study deals with sandwich complexes of (C60 CN)- with Fe(II), Ru(II), Cr(II), Mo(II), and Ni(II) and multi-decker sandwich complexes of CN-fullerides with Fe(II). The structural parameters of these complexes and the corresponding Cp- complexes showed very close resemblance. Analysis of the metal-to-carbon bonding molecular orbitals showed that sandwich complex [Fe(η5 -(C60 CN)- )2 ] exhibit bonding features very similar to that of ferrocene. Also, a 6-fold decrease in the band gap energy is observed for [Fe(η5 -(C60 CN)- )2 ] compared to ferrocene. The energy of dissociation (ΔE) of the ligand (C60 CN)- from [Fe(η5 -(C60 CN)- )2 ] is slightly lower than the ΔE of a Cp* ligand from a ferrocene derivative wherein each cyclopentadienyl unit is substituted with four tertiary butyl groups. The (C60 CN)- ligand behaved as one of the bulkiest ligands in the chemistry of sandwich complexes. Further, the coordinating ability of the dianion, (C60 (CN)2 )2- is evaluated which showed strong coordination ability simultaneously with two metal centers leading to the formation of multi-decker sandwich and pearl-necklace type polymeric structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Anila
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Peluso P, Mamane V. Ferrocene derivatives with planar chirality and their enantioseparation by liquid-phase techniques. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:158-189. [PMID: 35946562 PMCID: PMC10087518 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, planar chiral ferrocenes have attracted a growing interest in several fields, particularly in asymmetric catalysis, medicinal chemistry, chiroptical spectroscopy and electrochemistry. In this frame, the access to pure or enriched enantiomers of planar chiral ferrocenes has become essential, relying on the availability of efficient asymmetric synthesis procedures and enantioseparation methods. Despite this, in enantioseparation science, these metallocenes were not comprehensively explored, and very few systematic analytical studies were reported in this field so far. On the other hand, enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography has been frequently used by organic and organometallic chemists in order to measure the enantiomeric purity of planar chiral ferrocenes prepared by asymmetric synthesis. On these bases, this review aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview on the enantioseparation of planar chiral ferrocenes by discussing liquid-phase enantioseparation methods developed over time, integrating this main topic with the most relevant aspects of ferrocene chemistry. Thus, the main structural features of ferrocenes and the methods to model this class of metallocenes will be briefly summarized. In addition, planar chiral ferrocenes of applicative interest as well as the limits of asymmetric synthesis for the preparation of some classes of planar chiral ferrocenes will also be discussed with the aim to orient analytical scientists towards 'hot topics' and issues which are still open for accessing enantiomers of ferrocenes featured by planar chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Victor Mamane
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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5
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Al-Ejli MO, Eribi A, Alahzm AM, Salih KS. Synthesis, structural elucidation and optical activity of symmetric Schiff base-functionalized ferrocenes: Synergetic experimental and DFT insights. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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6
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Estimating the Number of Molecules in Molecular Junctions Merely Based on the Low Bias Tunneling Conductance at Variable Temperature. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314985. [PMID: 36499309 PMCID: PMC9737784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature (T) dependent conductance G=G(T) data measured in molecular junctions are routinely taken as evidence for a two-step hopping mechanism. The present paper emphasizes that this is not necessarily the case. A curve of lnG versus 1/T decreasing almost linearly (Arrhenius-like regime) and eventually switching to a nearly horizontal plateau (Sommerfeld regime), or possessing a slope gradually decreasing with increasing 1/T is fully compatible with a single-step tunneling mechanism. The results for the dependence of G on T presented include both analytical exact and accurate approximate formulas and numerical simulations. These theoretical results are general, also in the sense that they are not limited, e.g., to the (single molecule electromigrated (SET) or large area EGaIn) fabrication platforms, which are chosen for exemplification merely in view of the available experimental data needed for analysis. To be specific, we examine in detail transport measurements for molecular junctions based on ferrocene (Fc). As a particularly important finding, we show how the present analytic formulas for G=G(T) can be utilized to compute the ratio f=Aeff/An between the effective and nominal areas of large area Fc-based junctions with an EGaIn top electrode. Our estimate of f≈0.6×10-4 is comparable with previously reported values based on completely different methods for related large area molecular junctions.
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Kharlamova MV, Kramberger C. Metal Cluster Size-Dependent Activation Energies of Growth of Single-Chirality Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes inside Metallocene-Filled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102649. [PMID: 34685090 PMCID: PMC8539448 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
By combining in situ annealing and Raman spectroscopy measurements, the growth dynamics of nine individual-chirality inner tubes (8,8), (12,3), (13,1), (9,6), (10,4), (11,2), (11,1), (9,3) and (9,2) with diameters from ~0.8 to 1.1 nm are monitored using a time resolution of several minutes. The growth mechanism of inner tubes implies two successive stages of the growth on the carburized and purely metallic catalytic particles, respectively, which are formed as a result of the thermally induced decomposition of metallocenes inside the outer SWCNTs. The activation energies of the growth on carburized Ni and Co catalytic particles amount to 1.85–2.57 eV and 1.80–2.71 eV, respectively. They decrease monotonically as the tube diameter decreases, independent of the metal type. The activation energies of the growth on purely metallic Ni and Co particles equal 1.49–1.91 eV and 0.77–1.79 eV, respectively. They increase as the tube diameter decreases. The activation energies of the growth of large-diameter tubes (dt = ~0.95–1.10 nm) on Ni catalyst are significantly larger than on Co catalyst, whereas the values of small-diameter tubes (dt = ~0.80–0.95 nm) are similar. For both metals, no dependence of the activation energies on the chirality of inner tubes is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna V. Kharlamova
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/2, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Pereulok, 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Christian Kramberger
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
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8
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Wang CH, Chen KJ, Wu TH, Chang HK, Tsuchido Y, Sei Y, Chen PL, Horie M. Ring rotation of ferrocene in interlocked molecules in single crystals. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3871-3875. [PMID: 34163655 PMCID: PMC8179491 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06876d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes unique molecular motions of ferrocene-containing interlocked molecules observed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The rotational flexibility of ferrocene is achieved using combinations of ferrocene-tethered ammonium and 30-membered ring dibenzo-crown ether. By contrast, ferrocene was locked in the complex with an 18-membered ring dibenzo-crown ether and CH2Cl2. When the complex was heated at 358 K, CH2Cl2 was removed from the complex, which led to drastic structural changes, including a semieclipsed-to-disordered transition of ferrocene and flipping of the dibenzo-crown ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsien Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Huan Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Hung-Kai Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Sei
- Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Pei-Lin Chen
- Instrumentation Center, National Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
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9
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Drabik G, Szklarzewicz J, Radoń M. Spin-state energetics of metallocenes: How do best wave function and density functional theory results compare with the experimental data? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:151-172. [PMID: 33313617 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04727a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We benchmark the accuracy of quantum-chemical methods, including wave function theory methods [coupled cluster theory at the CCSD(T) level, multiconfigurational perturbation-theory (CASPT2, NEVPT2) and internally contracted multireference configuration interaction (MRCI)] and 30 density functional theory (DFT) approximations, in reproducing the spin-state splittings of metallocenes. The reference values of the electronic energy differences are derived from the experimental spin-crossover enthalpy for manganocene and the spectral data of singlet-triplet transitions for ruthenocene, ferrocene, and cobaltocenium. For ferrocene and cobaltocenium we revise the previous experimental interpretations regarding the lowest triplet energy; our argument is based on the comparison with the lowest singlet excitation energy and herein reported, carefully determined absorption spectrum of ferrocene. When deriving vertical energies from the experimental band maxima, we go beyond the routine vertical energy approximation by introducing vibronic corrections based on simulated vibrational envelopes. The benchmarking result confirms the high accuracy of the CCSD(T) method (in particular, for UCCSD(T) based on Hartree-Fock orbitals we find for our dataset: maximum error 0.12 eV, weighted mean absolute error 0.07 eV, weighted mean signed error 0.01 eV). The high accuracy of the single-reference method is corroborated by the analysis of a multiconfigurational character of the complete active space wave function for the triplet state of ferrocene. On the DFT side, our results confirm the non-universality problem with approximate functionals. The present study is an important step toward establishing an extensive and representative benchmark set of experiment-derived spin-state energetics for transition metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Drabik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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10
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Laflör L, Reichling M, Rahe P. Protruding hydrogen atoms as markers for the molecular orientation of a metallocene. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:1432-1438. [PMID: 33029472 PMCID: PMC7522462 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A distinct dumbbell shape is observed as the dominant contrast feature in the experimental data when imaging 1,1'-ferrocene dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) molecules on bulk and thin film CaF2(111) surfaces with non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM). We use NC-AFM image calculations with the probe particle model to interpret this distinct shape by repulsive interactions between the NC-AFM tip and the top hydrogen atoms of the cyclopentadienyl (Cp) rings. Simulated NC-AFM images show an excellent agreement with experimental constant-height NC-AFM data of FDCA molecules at several tip-sample distances. By measuring this distinct dumbbell shape together with the molecular orientation, a strategy is proposed to determine the conformation of the ferrocene moiety, herein on CaF2(111) surfaces, by using the protruding hydrogen atoms as markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Laflör
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Michael Reichling
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Philipp Rahe
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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11
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Trevorah R, Tran N, Appadoo D, Wang F, Chantler C. Resolution of ferrocene and deuterated ferrocene conformations using dynamic vibrational spectroscopy: Experiment and theory. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Morozov АN, Shcherbakov IN, Levchenkov SI, Popov LD. Structure, Spectral Properties, and Complexing Ability of 1-Phenyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-one Ferrocenoyl Hydrazone. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Petrov AV, Zagidullin AA, Bezkishko IA, Khrizanforov MN, Kholin KV, Gerasimova TP, Ivshin KA, Shekurov RP, Katsyuba SA, Kataeva ON, Budnikova YH, Miluykov VA. Synthesis, structure, and electrochemical properties of 4,5-diaryl-1,2,3-triphosphaferrocenes and the first example of multi(phosphaferrocene). Dalton Trans 2020; 49:17252-17262. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03281f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Novel 1,2,3-triphosphaferrocenes have been extensively studied experimentally (NMR, UV-Vis, and X-ray) and quantum chemically.
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Matczak P, Mlostoń G, Hamera-Fałdyga R, Görls H, Weigand W. Structure of Diferrocenyl Thioketone: From Molecule to Crystal. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 24:molecules24213950. [PMID: 31683693 PMCID: PMC6864675 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferrocenyl-functionalized thioketones have recently been recognized as useful building blocks for sulfur-containing compounds with potential applications in materials chemistry. This work is devoted to a single representative of such thioketones, namely diferrocenyl thioketone (Fc2CS), whose structure has been determined here for the first time. Both X-ray crystallography and a wide variety of quantum-chemical methods were used to explore the structure of Fc2CS. In addition to the X-ray structure determination, intermolecular interactions occurring in the crystal structure of Fc2CS were examined in detail by quantum-chemical methods. These methods were also an invaluable tool in studying the molecular structure of Fc2CS, from the gas phase to solutions and to its crystal. Intramolecular interactions governing the conformational behavior of an isolated Fc2CS molecule were deduced from quantum-chemical analyses carried out in orbital space and real space. Our experimental and theoretical results indicate that the main structural features of an isolated Fc2CS molecule in its lowest-energy geometry are retained both upon solvation and in the crystal. The tilt of ferrocenyl groups is only slightly affected by crystal packing forces that are dominated by dispersion. Nonetheless, a network of intermolecular interactions, such as H···H, C···H and S···H, was detected in the Fc2CS crystal but each of them is fairly weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Matczak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Mlostoń
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91403 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Róża Hamera-Fałdyga
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91403 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Weigand
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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15
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Farzadi R, Milani Moghaddam H. Half-metallic behavior in ruthenium-cyclopentadienyl organometallic sandwich molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:22475-22481. [PMID: 31584049 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03527c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have theoretically investigated spin transport properties of one-dimensional ruthenium-cyclopentadienyl sandwich molecules, Run(Cp)n+1, between two gold electrodes. Calculations were performed based on the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism and density functional theory. The results clearly reveal that for n = 1, no spin-polarized behavior is observed due to the fully occupied valence shell of ruthenocene molecule, while for the higher n values, the total magnetic moments increase with increasing size of the cluster and a half metallic behavior has been achieved. This can be attributed to the altered ligand field of π-conjugate systems generated by metal centers. Interestingly, for n values higher than 1, not only do the current-voltage curves exhibit an efficient spin-current generation but also a pronounced negative differential resistance behavior can be detected in the bias region. Our results will be strongly informative for the design and control of high-performance organometallic sandwich molecules based on spin-electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Farzadi
- Department of Solid State Physics, University of Mazandaran, 4741695447, Babolsar, Iran.
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16
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Patti A, Pedotti S, Mazzeo G, Longhi G, Abbate S, Paoloni L, Bloino J, Rampino S, Barone V. Ferrocenes with simple chiral substituents: an in-depth theoretical and experimental VCD and ECD study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9419-9432. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00437h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ferrocenes bearing chiral pendants are investigated through VCD and ECD. The VCD spectra are best interpreted by GVPT2-anharmonic DFT calculations. Diagnostic bands related to the absolute configuration of the title compounds are found in both kinds of spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Patti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry – CNR
- 95126 Catania
- Italy
| | - Sonia Pedotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry – CNR
- 95126 Catania
- Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale (DMMT)
- Università di Brescia
- 25123 Brescia
- Italy
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale (DMMT)
- Università di Brescia
- 25123 Brescia
- Italy
| | - Sergio Abbate
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale (DMMT)
- Università di Brescia
- 25123 Brescia
- Italy
| | | | - Julien Bloino
- Scuola Normale Superiore
- I-56126 Pisa
- Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (CNR-ICCOM) Area della Ricerca CNR
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17
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Brunet G, Safin DA, Robeyns K, Facey GA, Korobkov I, Filinchuk Y, Murugesu M. Confinement effects of a crystalline sponge on ferrocene and ferrocene carboxaldehyde. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:5645-5648. [PMID: 28480926 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02470c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pivotal role of ππ interactions in the inclusion behaviour of a series of organometallic sandwich compounds is studied through single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The confinement effects of a crystalline sponge host are investigated where, notably, we observe an enhanced rotation of the ligand ring once encapsulated by the nanoporous framework, as evidenced by SSNMR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Brunet
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.
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18
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Shin HJ, Moon S, Kim JC. Structure and Properties of Macrocyclic Nickel(II) Coordination Polymer Bearing 1,1'-Ferrocenedicarboxylate Bridging Ligand. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2016. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2016.60.6.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Best SP, Wang F, Islam MT, Islam S, Appadoo D, Trevorah RM, Chantler CT. Reinterpretation of Dynamic Vibrational Spectroscopy to Determine the Molecular Structure and Dynamics of Ferrocene. Chemistry 2016; 22:18019-18026. [PMID: 27734528 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Molecular distortion of dynamic molecules gives a clear signature in the vibrational spectra, which can be modeled to give estimates of the energy barrier and the sensitivity of the frequencies of the vibrational modes to the reaction coordinate. The reaction coordinate method (RCM) utilizes ab initio-calculated spectra of the molecule in its ground and transition states together with their relative energies to predict the temperature dependence of the vibrational spectra. DFT-calculated spectra of the eclipsed (D5h ) and staggered (D5d ) forms of ferrocene (Fc), and its deuterated analogue, within RCM explain the IR spectra of Fc in gas (350 K), solution (300 K), solid solution (7-300 K), and solid (7-300 K) states. In each case the D5h rotamer is lowest in energy but with the barrier to interconversion between rotamers higher for solution-phase samples (ca. 6 kJ mol-1 ) than for the gas-phase species (1-3 kJ mol-1 ). The generality of the approach is demonstrated with application to tricarbonyl(η4 -norbornadiene)iron(0), Fe(NBD)(CO)3 . The temperature-dependent coalescence of the ν(CO) bands of Fe(NBD)(CO)3 is well explained by the RCM without recourse to NMR-like rapid exchange. The RCM establishes a clear link between the calculated ground and transition states of dynamic molecules and the temperature-dependence of their vibrational spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Best
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - M Tauhidul Islam
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Shawkat Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - Dominique Appadoo
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Ryan M Trevorah
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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20
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Triaki N, Zaater S, Abtouche S, Brahimi M. Structure and electronics properties of novel antimalarial molecules: Comparative study of ferrotriborodiazoquine and ferrodiborotriazoquine with ferroquine using density functional theory. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Appel M, Frick B, Elbert J, Gallei M, Stühn B. Molecular ring rotation in poly(vinylferrocene). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:28973-28981. [PMID: 27725982 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the ring rotation dynamics in poly(vinylferrocene) (PVFc) using incoherent neutron spectroscopy. PVFc contains ferrocene units laterally attached to a polymer backbone, allowing for one cyclopentadienyl ring of the organometallic sandwich structure of ferrocene to undergo rotational jump diffusion. The barrier of rotation is found to be broadly distributed, but the dynamics can be well described using a rotation rate distribution model which is well known from the description of methyl group rotation in glassy polymers. As necessary information for the analysis of quasielastic scattering data, we measure the static structure factor of the polymer using polarized neutron diffraction. Neutron time-of-flight and backscattering data are then combined and consistently modeled over the large temperature range from 80 K to 350 K yielding an Arrhenius behavior of the jump rate distribution. The mean value of potential barrier distribution is found to be 〈EA〉 = 9.61(2) kJ mol-1 with a root mean square width of σE = 3.12(1) kJ mol-1, being the result of superposition of constant intramolecular and heterogeneous intermolecular rotational barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Appel
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany. and Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bernhard Frick
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Johannes Elbert
- Ernst-Berl Institute for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Ernst-Berl Institute for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bernd Stühn
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
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22
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Spin-Adapted Formulation and Implementation of Density Cumulant Functional Theory with Density-Fitting Approximation: Application to Transition Metal Compounds. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:4833-4842. [PMID: 27606799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Density cumulant functional theory (DCT) has recently emerged as an attractive ab initio approach for the treatment of electron correlation. In its orbital-optimized formulation (ODC-12) [J. Chem. Phys. 139, 204110 (2013)], DCT has been shown to provide reliable results for a variety of challenging chemical systems. Among the attractive properties of DCT are its size-consistency and size-extensivity, as well as the efficient computation of the molecular properties and analytic gradients. In this work, we present a new formulation and implementation of DCT that takes advantage of spin adaptation and the density-fitting approximation (DF-ODC-12). Our new spin-adapted DF-ODC-12 implementation is more efficient than the previous ODC-12 implementation with up to a ∼12-fold speed-up. We demonstrate the capabilities of DF-ODC-12 with a study of transition metal compounds, which require high levels of electron correlation treatment. For transition metal carbonyl complexes [Fe(CO)5, Cr(CO)6] and the ferrocene molecule [Fe(Cp)2], the DF-ODC-12 equilibrium parameters and bond dissociation energies extrapolated to the complete basis set limit are in very good agreement with reference data derived from experiment.
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23
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Theoretical study of interactions between 2,2-Bis (ethylferrocenyl) propane and ammonium perchlorate at low temperature. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Kelly CHW, Lein M. Choosing the right precursor for thermal decomposition solution-phase synthesis of iron nanoparticles: tunable dissociation energies of ferrocene derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:32448-32457. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06921e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pathways to low-temperature thermal dissociation of ferrocene derivatives as iron nanoparticle precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron H. W. Kelly
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences (SCPS)
- Victoria University of Wellington
- New Zealand
| | - Matthias Lein
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences (SCPS)
- Victoria University of Wellington
- New Zealand
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics (CTCP)
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study
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25
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Walters PL, Makri N. Quantum-Classical Path Integral Simulation of Ferrocene-Ferrocenium Charge Transfer in Liquid Hexane. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4959-65. [PMID: 26673195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We employ the quantum-classical path integral methodology to simulate the outer sphere charge-transfer process of the ferrocene-ferrocenium pair in liquid hexane with unprecedented accuracy. Comparison of the simulation results to those obtained by mapping the solvent on an effective harmonic bath demonstrates the accuracy of linear response theory in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Walters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nancy Makri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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26
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Ferrocene Orientation Determined Intramolecular Interactions Using Energy Decomposition Analysis. MATERIALS 2015; 8:7723-7737. [PMID: 28793673 PMCID: PMC5458881 DOI: 10.3390/ma8115419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two very different quantum mechanically based energy decomposition analyses (EDA) schemes are employed to study the dominant energy differences between the eclipsed and staggered ferrocene conformers. One is the extended transition state (ETS) based on the Amsterdam Density Functional (ADF) package and the other is natural EDA (NEDA) based in the General Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure System (GAMESS) package. It reveals that in addition to the model (theory and basis set), the fragmentation channels more significantly affect the interaction energy terms (ΔE) between the conformers. It is discovered that such an interaction energy can be absorbed into the pre-partitioned fragment channels so that to affect the interaction energies in a particular conformer of Fc. To avoid this, the present study employs a complete fragment channel—the fragments of ferrocene are individual neutral atoms. It therefore discovers that the major difference between the ferrocene conformers is due to the quantum mechanical Pauli repulsive energy and orbital attractive energy, leading to the eclipsed ferrocene the energy preferred structure. The NEDA scheme further indicates that the sum of attractive (negative) polarization (POL) and charge transfer (CL) energies prefers the eclipsed ferrocene. The repulsive (positive) deformation (DEF) energy, which is dominated by the cyclopentadienyle (Cp) rings, prefers the staggered ferrocene. Again, the cancellation results in a small energy residue in favour of the eclipsed ferrocene, in agreement with the ETS scheme. Further Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis indicates that all NBO energies, total Lewis (no Fe) and lone pair (LP) deletion all prefer the eclipsed Fc conformer. The most significant energy preferring the eclipsed ferrocene without cancellation is the interactions between the donor lone pairs (LP) of the Fe atom and the acceptor antibond (BD*) NBOs of all C–C and C–H bonds in the ligand, LP(Fe)-BD*(C–C & C–H), which strongly stabilizes the eclipsed (D5h) conformation by −457.6 kcal·mol−1.
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27
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Thakkar AJ, Wu T. How well do static electronic dipole polarizabilities from gas-phase experiments compare with density functional and MP2 computations? J Chem Phys 2015; 143:144302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4932594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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28
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Schmidt MW, Hull EA, Windus TL. Valence Virtual Orbitals: An Unambiguous ab Initio Quantification of the LUMO Concept. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:10408-27. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Emily A. Hull
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Theresa L. Windus
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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29
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Piccardo M, Bloino J, Barone V. Generalized Vibrational Perturbation Theory for Rotovibrational Energies of Linear, Symmetric and Asymmetric Tops: Theory, Approximations, and Automated Approaches to Deal with Medium-to-Large Molecular Systems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2015; 115:948-982. [PMID: 26345131 PMCID: PMC4553754 DOI: 10.1002/qua.24931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Models going beyond the rigid-rotor and the harmonic oscillator levels are mandatory for providing accurate theoretical predictions for several spectroscopic properties. Different strategies have been devised for this purpose. Among them, the treatment by perturbation theory of the molecular Hamiltonian after its expansion in power series of products of vibrational and rotational operators, also referred to as vibrational perturbation theory (VPT), is particularly appealing for its computational efficiency to treat medium-to-large systems. Moreover, generalized (GVPT) strategies combining the use of perturbative and variational formalisms can be adopted to further improve the accuracy of the results, with the first approach used for weakly coupled terms, and the second one to handle tightly coupled ones. In this context, the GVPT formulation for asymmetric, symmetric, and linear tops is revisited and fully generalized to both minima and first-order saddle points of the molecular potential energy surface. The computational strategies and approximations that can be adopted in dealing with GVPT computations are pointed out, with a particular attention devoted to the treatment of symmetry and degeneracies. A number of tests and applications are discussed, to show the possibilities of the developments, as regards both the variety of treatable systems and eligible methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Piccardo
- Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126, Pisa, Italy E-mail:
| | - Julien Bloino
- Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126, Pisa, Italy E-mail: ; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (CNR-ICCOM) UOS di Pisa Via G. Moruzzi, 1, I-56124, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126, Pisa, Italy E-mail:
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30
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Appel M, Frick B, Spehr TL, Stühn B. Molecular ring rotation in solid ferrocene revisited. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:114503. [PMID: 25796257 DOI: 10.1063/1.4915067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on quasielastic neutron spectroscopy experiments on ferrocene (bis(η(5)-cyclopentadienyl)iron) in its three different crystalline phases: the disordered monoclinic crystalline phase (T > 164 K), the metastable triclinic phase (T < 164 K), and the stable orthorhombic phase (T < 250 K). The cyclopentadienyl rings in ferrocene are known to undergo rotational reorientations for which the analysis of our large data set suggests partially a revision of the known picture of the dynamics and allows for an extension and completion of previous studies. In the monoclinic phase, guided by structural information, we propose a model for rotational jumps among non-equivalent sites in contrast to the established 5-fold jump rotation model. The new model takes the dynamical disorder into account and allows the cyclopentadienyl rings to reside in two different configurations which are found to be twisted by an angle of approximately 30°. In the triclinic phase, our analysis demands the use of a 2-ring model accounting for crystallographically independent sites with different barriers to rotation. For the orthorhombic phase of ferrocene, we confirm a significantly increased barrier of rotation using neutron backscattering spectroscopy. Our data analysis includes multiple scattering corrections and presents a novel approach of simultaneous analysis of different neutron scattering data by combining elastic and inelastic fixed window temperature scans with energy spectra, providing a very robust and reliable mean of extracting the individual activation energies of overlapping processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Appel
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Frick
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tinka Luise Spehr
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bernd Stühn
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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31
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Ormaza M, Abufager P, Bachellier N, Robles R, Verot M, Le Bahers T, Bocquet ML, Lorente N, Limot L. Assembly of Ferrocene Molecules on Metal Surfaces Revisited. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:395-400. [PMID: 26261954 DOI: 10.1021/jz5026118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Metallocene (MCp2) wires have recently attracted considerable interest in relation to molecular spintronics due to predictions concerning their half-metallic nature. This exciting prospect is however hampered by the little and often-contradictory knowledge we have concerning the metallocene self-assembly and interaction with a metal. Here, we elucidate these aspects by focusing on the adsorption of ferrocene on Cu(111) and Cu(100). Combining low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations, we demonstrate that the two-dimensional molecular arrangement consists of vertical- and horizontal-lying molecules. The noncovalent T-shaped interactions between Cp rings of vertical and horizontal molecules are essential for the stability of the physisorbed molecular layer. These results provide a fresh insight into ferrocene adsorption on surfaces and may serve as an archetypal reference for future work with this important variety of organometallic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Ormaza
- †Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7504, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Paula Abufager
- ‡ICN2-Institut Catalá de Nanociéncia i Nanotecnologia, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- §Instituto de Física de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Av. Pellegrini 250, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Bachellier
- †Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7504, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Roberto Robles
- ‡ICN2-Institut Catalá de Nanociéncia i Nanotecnologia, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- ∥CSIC -Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, ICN2 Building, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Verot
- ⊥Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, ENS Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Tangui Le Bahers
- ⊥Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, ENS Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Marie-Laure Bocquet
- ⊥Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, ENS Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Nicolas Lorente
- ‡ICN2-Institut Catalá de Nanociéncia i Nanotecnologia, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- ∥CSIC -Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, ICN2 Building, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laurent Limot
- †Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7504, 67034 Strasbourg, France
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32
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Islam S, Wang F. The d-electrons of Fe in ferrocene: the excess orbital energy spectrum (EOES). RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14506b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The EOES (Δεi=εE-Fci −εS-Fci) shows that the orbitals with significantly excess energies are Fe d-electron dominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawkat Islam
- Molecular Model Discovery Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology
- Swinburne University of Technology
- Melbourne
| | - Feng Wang
- Molecular Model Discovery Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology
- Swinburne University of Technology
- Melbourne
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33
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Sünkel K, Weigand S, Hoffmann A, Blomeyer S, Reuter CG, Vishnevskiy YV, Mitzel NW. Synthesis and characterization of 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluoroferrocene. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 137:126-9. [PMID: 25531826 DOI: 10.1021/ja511588p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Starting from ferrocene, pentafluoroferrocene [Fe(C5F5)(C5H5)] can be prepared in five steps via a one-pot lithiation-electrophilic fluorination strategy. Pentafluoroferrocene was characterized by multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy, by cyclovoltammetry as well as X-ray (solid) and electron diffraction (gas) and the experimental results compared with DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlheinz Sünkel
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Butenandtstr. 9, 81377 München, Germany
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34
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Zeng Y, Feng H, King RB, Schaefer HF. Metallocene versus Metallabenzene Isomers of Nickel, Palladium, and Platinum. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500993z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zeng
- School
of Physics and Chemistry, Research Center for Advanced Computation, Xihua University, Chengdu, China 610039
| | - Hao Feng
- School
of Physics and Chemistry, Research Center for Advanced Computation, Xihua University, Chengdu, China 610039
| | - R. Bruce King
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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35
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Silva PA, Maria TM, Nunes CM, Eusébio MES, Fausto R. Intermolecularly-induced conformational disorder in ferrocene, 1-bromoferrocene and 1,1′-dibromoferrocene. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Double aromaticity in transition metal centered double-ring boron clusters M@B2n (M = Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn; n = 6, 7, 8). J Chem Phys 2014; 141:124301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4895727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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37
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Nemnes GA, Nicolaev A. Transport in ferrocene single molecules for terahertz applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:18478-82. [PMID: 25072353 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02771j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The transport properties of single ferrocene molecules connected to nanoscopic gold electrodes are investigated in the framework of density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism. Our setup describes a molecular rotor, where one cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ring of the ferrocene molecule is fixed by the two electrodes, while the second ring is able to rotate. For small enough rotation energies the barrier between the eclipsed and staggered conformations of the ferrocene molecule ensures the functionality of a molecular oscillator. The changes in the transmission function introduced by the relative rotation angle between the two Cp rings are analyzed in both linear and non-linear bias regimes. For larger rotation energies, the device works in the spinning mode. The real time behavior of the nanomechanical device is investigated using DFT-based molecular dynamics, which shows its feasibility for applications in the terahertz regime. In the oscillating mode the natural frequencies are determined, while the spinning mode shows a remarkably reliable behavior with increasing rotation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Nemnes
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, Materials and Devices for Electronics and Optoelectronics Research Center, P.O. Box MG-11, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania.
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38
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Latouche C, Palazzetti F, Skouteris D, Barone V. High-Accuracy Vibrational Computations for Transition-Metal Complexes Including Anharmonic Corrections: Ferrocene, Ruthenocene, and Osmocene as Test Cases. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:4565-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ct5006246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Latouche
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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39
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Li L, Xu C, Jin B, Cheng L. Ferrocene analogues of sandwich M(CrB₆H₆)₂: a theoretical investigation. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:11739-44. [PMID: 24953127 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01106f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The stability and electronic structures of the new sandwich compounds M(CrB6H6)2 (M = Cr, Mn(+), Fe(2+)) are investigated by density functional theory. All the investigated sandwich complexes are in D(6d) symmetry and all of them are thermodynamically stable according to the large HOMO-LUMO gap, binding energy, vertical ionization potential and vertical electron affinity analyses, as well as Fe(C5H5)2 and Cr(C6H6)2, following the 18-electron principle. The natural bond orbital, detailed molecular orbitals and adaptive natural density partitioning analyses suggest that the spd-π interaction plays an important role in the sandwich compounds. This work challenges the traditional chemical bonding of the inorganic metal compound, investigates first the bonding style of the d atom orbital interacting with the π MO which was formed by p-d atomic orbitals, and indicates that the metal-doped borane ring can also be an ideal type π-electron donor ligand to stabilize the transition metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, People's Republic of China.
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Mbongo Djimbi D, Le Roux S, Massobrio C, Boero M. Metal-organic molecule-metal nano-junctions: a close contact between first-principles simulations and experiments. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:104206. [PMID: 24553096 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/10/104206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The realization of metal-molecule junctions for future electronic devices relies on our ability to assemble these heterogeneous objects at a molecular level and understand their structure and the behavior of the electronic states at the interface. Delocalized interface states near the metal Fermi level are a key ingredient for tailoring charge injection, and such a delocalization depends on a large number of chemical, structural and morphological parameters, all influencing the spatial extension of the electron wavefunctions. Our large-scale dynamical simulations, combined with experiments, show that a double-decker organometallic compound (ferrocene) can be deposited on a Cu(111) surface, providing an ideal system to investigate the adsorption, the interface states and localized spin states at a metal-organometallic interface. Adsorbed ferrocene is shown to have a peculiar pattern and realizes a 2D-like interface state strongly resembling Shockley's surface state of Cu. By a subsequent deposition of single metal atoms on the adsorbed ferrocene, we analyze the sensitivity of the interface state to local modifications of the interface potential. This provides an insight into adsorption, spin configuration and charge redistribution processes, showing how to tune the electron behavior at a metal-molecule interface.
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Cattenacci G, Aschi M, Graziano G, Amadei A. A theoretical study on the spectral and electrochemical properties of Ferrocene in different solvents. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fromager E, Knecht S, Jensen HJA. Multi-configuration time-dependent density-functional theory based on range separation. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:084101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4792199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Yang Y, Yu L. Theoretical investigations of ferrocene/ferrocenium solvation in imidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:2669-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42876h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mohammadi N, Ganesan A, Chantler CT, Wang F. Differentiation of ferrocene D5d and D5h conformers using IR spectroscopy. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chantler CT, Rae NA, Islam MT, Best SP, Yeo J, Smale LF, Hester J, Mohammadi N, Wang F. Stereochemical analysis of ferrocene and the uncertainty of fluorescence XAFS data. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2012; 19:145-158. [PMID: 22338673 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049511056275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Methods for the quantification of statistically valid measures of the uncertainties associated with X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) data obtained from dilute solutions using fluorescence measurements are developed. Experimental data obtained from 10 mM solutions of the organometallic compound ferrocene, Fe(C(5)H(5))(2), are analysed within this framework and, following correction for various electronic and geometrical factors, give robust estimates of the standard errors of the individual measurements. The reliability of the refinement statistics of standard current XAFS structure approaches that do not include propagation of experimental uncertainties to assess subtle structural distortions is assessed in terms of refinements obtained for the staggered and eclipsed conformations of the C(5)H(5) rings of ferrocene. Standard approaches (XFIT, IFEFFIT) give refinement statistics that appear to show strong, but opposite, preferences for the different conformations. Incorporation of experimental uncertainties into an IFEFFIT-like analysis yield refinement statistics for the staggered and eclipsed forms of ferrocene which show a far more realistic preference for the eclipsed form which accurately reflects the reliability of the analysis. Moreover, the more strongly founded estimates of the refined parameter uncertainties allow more direct comparison with those obtained by other techniques. These XAFS-based estimates of the bond distances have accuracies comparable with those obtained using single-crystal diffraction techniques and are superior in terms of their use in comparisons of experimental and computed structures.
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Zaater S, Brahimi M, Rahmouni A. Theoretical study of the structure and spectroscopic characterization of the new 1-ferrogermene in the gas phase. Polyhedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2011.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lancaster KM, Finkelstein KD, DeBeer S. Kβ X-ray Emission Spectroscopy Offers Unique Chemical Bonding Insights: Revisiting the Electronic Structure of Ferrocene. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:6767-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200822b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M. Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kenneth D. Finkelstein
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Wilson Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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