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Rivera RG, Regidor PJS, Ruamero EC, Delos Santos CDR, Gomez CB, Allanigue EJV, Salinas MV. Applying Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking in the Screening for Molecular Mechanisms of Ampalaya ( Momordica charantia L.) and Banaba ( Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ACTA MEDICA PHILIPPINA 2024; 58:108-124. [PMID: 38812760 PMCID: PMC11132292 DOI: 10.47895/amp.vi0.7351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health concern affecting more than 400 million people worldwide. Diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular complications lead to debilitating effects to patients. To prevent these, the treatment goal is to lower the blood sugar levels and maintain at a normal range which is achieved through conventional treatments like insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents. However, the high cost of these medications implicates patient treatment outcomes. Hence, alternatives are sought for including the use of herbal medicines. Momordica charantia (MC) and Lagerstroemia speciosa (LS) are common herbal medicines used to manage T2DM. In the Philippines, these herbal preparations are validated for their glucose lowering effects and are commonly found in combination in food supplements. The study aims to screen the possible mechanisms of compounds present in these herbal medicines which can offer possible explanations for their synergistic effects and rationalization of their combination in preparations. Methods Network pharmacology was employed to determine pivotal proteins that are targeted by MC and LS compounds. Molecular docking was then done to evaluate the favorability of the binding of these compounds toward their target proteins. Results Our results showed that TNF, HSP90AA1, MAPK3, ALDH2, GCK, AKR1B1, TTR and RBP4 are the possible pivotal targets of MC and LS compounds in T2DM. Conclusion Terpenoids from MC and decanoic acid from LS are the compounds which showed favorable binding towards pivotal protein targets in T2DM. By binding towards the different key proteins in T2DM, they may exhibit their synergistic effects. However, the results of this study are bound to the limitations of computational methods and experimental validation are needed to verify our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robertson G. Rivera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Patrick Junard S. Regidor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Edwin C. Ruamero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Clinton B. Gomez
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Eric John V. Allanigue
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Melanie V. Salinas
- Medical Device Clinical Research, Safety and Medical Affairs Department, Clinchoice, Inc., Fort Washington, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kao Y, Chou CH, Huang LC, Tsai CK. Momordicine I suppresses glioma growth by promoting apoptosis and impairing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:482-498. [PMID: 37534227 PMCID: PMC10391611 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of primary brain tumor. Patients with GBM have poor survival outcomes. Isolated components of Momordica charantia have anticancer effects. However, the bioactivity of M. charantia extracts against GBM remains unknown. We tested four major extracts of M. charantia and found that momordicine I reduced glioma cell viability without serious cytotoxic effects on astrocytes. Momordicine I suppressed glioma cell colony formation, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Momordicine I also induced apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and senescence in glioma cells. Moreover, momordicine I decreased the oxidative phosphorylation capacity of glioma cells and inhibited tumor sphere formation in temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant GBM cells. We further explored whether the antiglioma effect of momordicine I may be related to cell cycle modulation and DLGPA5 expression. Our results indicate that the cytotoxic effect of momordicine I on glioma cells suggests its potential therapeutic application to GBM treatment. See also Figure 1(Fig. 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kao
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital Zhongxing Branch, Taipei 10341, Taiwan
- Taipei City University, Taipei 100234, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsing Chou
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kuang Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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Sun K, Ding M, Fu C, Li P, Li T, Fang L, Xu J, Zhao Y. Effects of dietary wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia var. abbreviate Ser.) extract on glucose and lipid metabolism in HFD/STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116154. [PMID: 36634725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plant-based extracts to interfere with the onset of diabetes may be a promising approach towards type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is popularly consumed as an edible and medicinal resource with hypoglycemic effect in China. Wild bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia var. abbreviata Ser.) is a variant of bitter gourd, but there are relatively few studies on it. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of the experiment is to first screen out the most effective extraction part of Momordica charantia L. and Momordica Charantia var. abbreviata Ser. through the hypoglycemic activity experiment in vitro, and by using a high-fat and high-sugar diet with STZ-induced diabetic rat model in vivo to explore the possible mechanism of action against diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study first performed α-glucosidase, PTP1B and lipase activities inhibition experiments on the alcohol and water extracts of Momordica charantia L. and Momordica Charantia var. abbreviata Ser. Sprague Dawley rats were either given normal feed or a high sugar and fat diet for four weeks, followed STZ (25 mg/kg, via i. p.) was given. Rats with fasting blood glucose ≥11.1 mmol/l after one week were deemed to be diabetic, treatments were administered for four weeks, and then blood samples were used to evaluate hematological and biochemical indicators, and liver was removed for post-analysis. The expression levels of p-AMPK, AMPK, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, AKT, p-GSK3β, GSK3β, p-IRS-1, IRS-1, GLUT2 were determined by Western blot. At the same time, the chemical components was identified by liquid-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Data showed that the ethanol extract of wild bitter gourd (WBGE) had the best ability to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in vitro. Therefore, we further investigated the antidiabetic effects of oral consumption of WBGE on high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM in SD rats. WBGE effectively reduced blood glucose and lipid levels, alleviated glucose intolerance and insulin resistant. Moreover, WBGE consumption could also inhibited oxidant responses and inflammatory damage. Mechanism studies have shown that WBGE may act by regulating AMPK/PI3K signaling pathway. On the other hand, the content of total phenol, total flavonoids, total saponins and total polysaccharide were measured by UV, 27 compounds were identified by LC-MS. CONCLUSIONS These studies explored the role and mechanism of WBGE in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, and may support the utilization and further investigation of wild bitter gourd as a dietary intervention strategy to prevent diabetes and related metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Meng Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Cangzhou Normal University, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China.
| | - Chaofan Fu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Pingya Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Tao Li
- College of Life Sciences and Biological Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Linlin Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
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Lan T, Wang J, Bao S, Zhao Q, Sun X, Fang Y, Ma T, Liu S. Effects and impacts of technical processing units on the nutrients and functional components of fruit and vegetable juice. Food Res Int 2023; 168:112784. [PMID: 37120231 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable juice (FVJ) has become a favorite beverage for all age groups because of its excellent sensory and nutritional qualities. FVJ has a series of health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer. Except for raw materials selection, processing technology and packaging and storage also play a vital role in the nutrition and functional components of FVJ. This review systematically reviews the important research results on the relationship between FVJ processing and its nutrition and function in the past 10 years. Based on the brief elucidation of the nutrition and health benefits of FVJ and the unit operation involved in the production process, the influence of a series of key technology units, including pretreatment, clarification, homogenization, concentration, sterilization, drying, fermentation and packaging and storage, on the nutritional function of FVJ was systematically expounded. This contribution provides an update on the impacts of technical processing units on the nutrients and functional components of FVJ and new perspectives for future studies.
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Reed D, Kumar D, Kumar S, Raina K, Punia R, Kant R, Saba L, Cruickshank-Quinn C, Tabakoff B, Reisdorph N, Edwards MG, Wempe M, Agarwal C, Agarwal R. Transcriptome and metabolome changes induced by bitter melon ( Momordica charantia)- intake in a high-fat diet induced obesity model. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 12:287-301. [PMID: 35493312 PMCID: PMC9039170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disease of physiological imbalances interrelated to abnormal metabolic conditions, such as abdominal obesity, type II diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension. In the present pilot study, we investigated the nutraceutical bitter melon (Momordica charantia L) -intake induced transcriptome and metabolome changes and the converging metabolic signaling networks underpinning its inhibitory effects against MetS-associated risk factors. Experimental procedure Metabolic effects of lyophilized bitter melon juice (BMJ) extract (oral gavage 200 mg/kg/body weight-daily for 40 days) intake were evaluated in diet-induced obese C57BL/6J male mice [fed-high fat diet (HFD), 60 kcal% fat]. Changes in a) serum levels of biochemical parameters, b) gene expression in the hepatic transcriptome (microarray analysis using Affymetrix Mouse Exon 1.0 ST arrays), and c) metabolite abundance levels in lipid-phase plasma [liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics] after BMJ intervention were assessed. Results and conclusion BMJ-mediated changes showed a positive trend towards enhanced glucose homeostasis, vitamin D metabolism and suppression of glycerophospholipid metabolism. In the liver, nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and circadian rhythm signaling, as well as bile acid biosynthesis and glycogen metabolism targets were modulated by BMJ (p < 0.05). Thus, our in-depth transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis suggests that BMJ-intake lowers susceptibility to the onset of high-fat diet associated MetS risk factors partly through modulation of PPAR signaling and its downstream targets in circadian rhythm processes to prevent excessive lipogenesis, maintain glucose homeostasis and modify immune responses signaling.
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Key Words
- AMPK, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- BMJ, bitter melon juice
- Bitter melon
- DIO, diet-induced obese
- Diet intervention
- HDL, high density lipoprotein (cholesterol)
- HFD, high fat diet
- HMDB, Human Metabolome Database
- High fat diet-induced obesity
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- LC-MS, liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry
- LDL, low density lipoprotein (cholesterol)
- MetS, Metabolic syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
- Momordica charantia
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PPARs, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Reed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Division of Critical Care Medicine and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Reenu Punia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rama Kant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura Saba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Charmion Cruickshank-Quinn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Boris Tabakoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Michael Wempe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Kim A, Ha J, Kim J, Cho Y, Ahn J, Cheon C, Kim SH, Ko SG, Kim B. Natural Products for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113801. [PMID: 34836055 PMCID: PMC8625071 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, the seventh most lethal cancer around the world, is considered complicated cancer due to poor prognosis and difficulty in treatment. Despite all the conventional treatments, including surgical therapy and chemotherapy, the mortality rate is still high. Therefore, the possibility of using natural products for pancreatic cancer is increasing. In this study, 68 natural products that have anti-pancreatic cancer effects reported within five years were reviewed. The mechanisms of anti-cancer effects were divided into four types: apoptosis, anti-metastasis, anti-angiogenesis, and anti-resistance. Most of the studies were conducted for natural products that induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer. Among them, plant extracts such as Eucalyptus microcorys account for the major portion. Some natural products, including Moringa, Coix seed, etc., showed multi-functional properties. Natural products could be beneficial candidates for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahyeon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (A.K.); (J.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Jiwon Ha
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (A.K.); (J.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Jeongeun Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (A.K.); (J.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Yongmin Cho
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.C.); (J.A.); (S.-H.K.)
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (C.C.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Jimyung Ahn
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.C.); (J.A.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Chunhoo Cheon
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (C.C.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.C.); (J.A.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (C.C.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (A.K.); (J.H.); (J.K.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.C.); (J.A.); (S.-H.K.)
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (C.C.); (S.-G.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-9217
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The triterpenoids of the bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia) and their pharmacological activities: A review. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Gao Y, Chen S, Sun J, Su S, Yang D, Xiang L, Meng X. Traditional Chinese medicine may be further explored as candidate drugs for pancreatic cancer: A review. Phytother Res 2020; 35:603-628. [PMID: 32965773 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a disease with a high mortality rate. Although survival rates for different types of cancers have improved in recent years, the five-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer stands at 8%. Moreover, the current first-line therapy, gemcitabine, results in low remission rates and is associated with drug resistance problems. Alternative treatments for pancreatic cancer such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy provide marginal remission and survival rates. This calls for the search of more effective drugs or treatments. Traditional Chinese medicine contains numerous bioactive ingredients some of which show activity against pancreatic cancer. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of five types of traditional Chinese medicine monomers. In so-doing, we provide new potential drug candidates for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Su
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Dhar D, Raina K, Kumar D, Wempe MF, Bagby SM, Pitts TM, Orlicky DJ, Agarwal C, Messersmith WA, Agarwal R. Bitter melon juice intake with gemcitabine intervention circumvents resistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic patient-derived xenograft tumors. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:1227-1240. [PMID: 32816368 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance to gemcitabine (GEM)-a frontline chemotherapeutic, resulting from its dysfunctional uptake and metabolism in cancer cells, is a major contributing factor for failed therapy in pancreatic cancer (PanC) patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need for agents that could reverse GEM resistance and allow continued chemosensitivity to the drug. We employed natural nontoxic agent (with anti-PanC potential) bitter melon juice (BMJ) and GEM to examine their combinatorial benefits against tumorigenesis of PanC patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas explants PDX272 (wild-type KRAS), PDX271 (mutant KRAS and SMAD4), and PDX266 (mutant KRAS). Anti-PanC efficacy of single agents vs combination in the three tumor explants, both at the end of active dosing regimen and following a drug-washout phase were compared. In animal studies, GEM alone treatment significantly inhibited PDX tumor growth, but effects were not sustained, as GEM-treated tumors exhibited regrowth posttreatment termination. However, combination-regimen displayed enhanced and sustained efficacy. Mechanistic assessments revealed that overcoming GEM resistance by coadministration with BMJ was possibly due to modulation of GEM transport/metabolism pathway molecules (ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M1, human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1, and deoxycytidine kinase). Study outcomes, highlighting significantly higher and sustained efficacy of GEM in combination with BMJ, make a compelling case for a clinical trial in PanC patients, wherein BMJ could be combined with GEM to target and overcome GEM resistance. In addition, given their specific effectiveness against KRAS-mutant tumors, this combination could be potentially beneficial to a broader PanC patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanshi Dhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael F Wempe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stacey M Bagby
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Todd M Pitts
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wells A Messersmith
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Sur S, Ray RB. Bitter Melon ( Momordica Charantia), a Nutraceutical Approach for Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2064. [PMID: 32726914 PMCID: PMC7464160 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Many dietary plant products show promising anticancer effects. Bitter melon or bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is a nutrient-rich medicinal plant cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of many countries. Traditionally, bitter melon is used as a folk medicine and contains many bioactive components including triterpenoids, triterpene glycoside, phenolic acids, flavonoids, lectins, sterols and proteins that show potential anticancer activity without significant side effects. The preventive and therapeutic effects of crude extract or isolated components are studied in cell line-based models and animal models of multiple types of cancer. In the present review, we summarize recent progress in testing the cancer preventive and therapeutic activity of bitter melon with a focus on underlying molecular mechanisms. The crude extract and its components prevent many types of cancers by enhancing reactive oxygen species generation; inhibiting cancer cell cycle, cell signaling, cancer stem cells, glucose and lipid metabolism, invasion, metastasis, hypoxia, and angiogenesis; inducing apoptosis and autophagy cell death, and enhancing the immune defense. Thus, bitter melon may serve as a promising cancer preventive and therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhayan Sur
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Ratna B. Ray
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
- Cancer Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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Zhang QB, Ye RF, Ye LY, Zhang QY, Dai NG. Isocorydine decrease gemcitabine-resistance by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition via STAT3 in pancreatic cancer cells. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:3702-3714. [PMID: 32774728 PMCID: PMC7407734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is widely used as an anticancer chemotherapy drug for a variety of solid tumors, and it has become the standard treatment option for locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer. However, pancreatic cancer cells develop resistance to gemcitabine after a few weeks of treatment, resulting in poor therapeutic effects. Isocorydine (ICD) is a typical natural aporphine alkaloid, and ICD and its derivatives inhibit the proliferation of many types of cancer cells in vitro. In this study, ICD was found to synergistically inhibit cell viability with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells. A microarray analysis showed that ICD can inhibit the upregulation of STAT3 and EMT in pancreatic cancer cells induced by gemcitabine. STAT3 is closely related to tumor EMT, migration and invasion. After knocking down the expression of STAT3 in pancreatic cancer cells, the combination index (CI) of ICD and gemcitabine decreased. ICD can reverse the increase in the expression of EMT-related transcription factors and proteins caused by gemcitabine, thereby inhibiting the enhanced cell migration and invasion ability caused by gemcitabine. Finally, the synergistic treatment effect of the combination treatment of ICD and gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells was confirmed in established xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Rui-Fan Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Long-Yun Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Qi-Yu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Ning-Gao Dai
- Department of Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
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Dhar D, Raina K, Kant R, Wempe MF, Serkova NJ, Agarwal C, Agarwal R. Bitter melon juice-intake modulates glucose metabolism and lactate efflux in tumors in its efficacy against pancreatic cancer. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:1164-1176. [PMID: 31194859 PMCID: PMC7384253 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The established role of bitter melon juice (BMJ), a natural product, in activating master metabolic regulator adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in pancreatic cancer (PanC) cells served as a basis for pursuing deeper investigation into the underlying metabolic alterations leading to BMJ efficacy in PanC. We investigated the comparative metabolic profiles of PanC cells with differential KRAS mutational status on BMJ exposure. Specifically, we employed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics and in vivo imaging platforms to understand the relevance of altered metabolism in PanC management by BMJ. Multinuclear NMR metabolomics was performed, as a function of time, post-BMJ treatment followed by partial least square discriminant analysis assessments on the quantitative metabolic data sets to visualize the treatment group clustering; altered glucose uptake, lactate export and energy state were identified as the key components responsible for cell death induction. We next employed PANC1 xenograft model for assessing in vivo BMJ efficacy against PanC. Positron emission tomography ([18FDG]-PET) and magnetic resonance imaging on PANC1 tumor-bearing animals reiterated the in vitro results, with BMJ-associated significant changes in tumor volumes, tumor cellularity and glucose uptake. Additional studies in BMJ-treated PanC cells and xenografts displayed a strong decrease in the expression of glucose and lactate transporters GLUT1 and MCT4, respectively, supporting their role in metabolic changes by BMJ. Collectively, these results highlight BMJ-induced modification in PanC metabolomics phenotype and establish primarily lactate efflux and glucose metabolism, specifically GLUT1 and MCT4 transporters, as the potential metabolic targets underlying BMJ efficacy in PanC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanshi Dhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Rama Kant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael F Wempe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Natalie J Serkova
- Department of Radiology, Animal Imaging Shared Resources, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Fang EF, Froetscher L, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Bohr VA, Wong JH, Ng TB. Emerging Antitumor Activities of the Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia). Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:296-301. [PMID: 29932035 DOI: 10.2174/1389203719666180622095800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bitter melon or bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is a common vegetable in Asia and it is distinctive for its bitter taste. As an ingredient in folk medicine, research from different laboratories in recent years supports its potential medicinal applications with anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, anti-HIV activities in both in vitro and animal studies. In this short review, we summarize herein the recent progress in the antitumor aspect of bitter melon with a focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms. Further mechanistic studies as well as clinical trials are necessary to further verify its medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Fei Fang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, United States
| | - Lynn Froetscher
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, United States
| | | | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, United States
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Shim SH, Sur S, Steele R, Albert CJ, Huang C, Ford DA, Ray RB. Disrupting cholesterol esterification by bitter melon suppresses triple-negative breast cancer cell growth. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1599-1607. [PMID: 30074275 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is aggressive with a worse prognosis. We have recently shown that bitter melon extract (BME) treatment was more effective in inhibition of TNBC tumor growth in mouse models as compared to ER positive breast tumor growth. Aberrant dysregulation of lipid metabolism is associated with breast cancer progression, however, anti-cancer mechanism of BME linking lipid metabolism in breast cancer growth remains unexplored. Here, we observed that accumulation of esterified cholesterol was reduced in BME treated TNBC cell lines as compared to control cells. We next evaluated expression levels of acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT-1) in TNBC cells treated with BME. Our results demonstrated that BME treatment inhibited ACAT-1 expression in TNBC cells. Subsequently, we found that sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1 and -2, and FASN was significantly reduced in BME treated TNBC cell lines. Low-density lipoprotein receptor was also downregulated in BME treated TNBC cells as compared to control cells. We further demonstrated that BME feeding reduced tumor growth in TNBC mammospheres implanted into NSG mice, and inhibits ACAT-1 expression. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating BME suppresses TNBC cell growth through ACAT-1 inhibition, and have potential for additional therapeutic regimen against human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hee Shim
- Departments of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Subhayan Sur
- Departments of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert Steele
- Departments of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Carolyn J Albert
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Chunfa Huang
- Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David A Ford
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ratna B Ray
- Departments of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Dhar D, Deep G, Kumar S, Wempe MF, Raina K, Agarwal C, Agarwal R. Bitter melon juice exerts its efficacy against pancreatic cancer via targeting both bulk and cancer stem cells. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1166-1180. [PMID: 29727019 PMCID: PMC6118209 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PanC) is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide and frontline treatment with gemcitabine becomes eventually ineffective due to increasing PanC resistance, suggesting additional approaches are needed to manage PanC. Recently, we have shown the efficacy of bitter melon juice (BMJ) against PanC cells, including those resistant to gemcitabine. As cancer stem cells (CSCs) are actively involved in PanC initiation, progression, relapse and drug-resistance, here we assessed BMJ ability in targeting pancreatic cancer-associated cancer stem cells (PanC-CSCs). We found BMJ efficacy against CD44+ /CD24+ /EpCAMhigh enriched PanC-CSCs in spheroid assays; BMJ also increased the sensitivity of gemcitabine-resistant PanC-CSCs. Exogenous addition of BMJ to PanC-CSC generated spheroids (not pre-exposed to BMJ) also significantly reduced spheroid number and size. Mechanistically, BMJ effects were associated with a decrease in the expression of genes and proteins involved in PanC-CSC renewal and proliferation. Specifically, immunofluorescence staining showed that BMJ decreases protein expression/nuclear localization of CSC-associated transcription factors SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG, and CSC marker CD44. Immunohistochemical analysis of MiaPaCa2 xenografts from BMJ treated animals also showed a significant decrease in the levels of CSC-associated transcription factors. Together, these results show BMJ potential in targeting PanC-CSC pool and associated regulatory pathways, suggesting the need for further investigation of its efficacy against PanC growth and progression including gemcitabine-resistant PanC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanshi Dhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Michael F. Wempe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) as a rich source of bioactive components to combat cancer naturally: Are we on the right track to fully unlock its potential as inhibitor of deregulated signaling pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 119:98-105. [PMID: 29753870 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research over decades has progressively explored pharmacological actions of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia). Biologically and pharmacologically active molecules isolated from M. charantia have shown significant anti-cancer activity in cancer cell lines and xenografted mice. In this review spotlight was set on the bioactive compounds isolated from M. charantia that effectively inhibited cancer development and progression via regulation of protein network in cancer cells. We summarize most recent high-quality research work in cancer cell lines and xenografted mice related to tumor suppressive role-play of M. charantia and its bioactive compounds. Although M. charantia mediated health promoting, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory effects have been extensively investigated, there is insufficient information related to regulation of signaling networks by bioactive molecules obtained from M. charantia in different cancers. M. charantia has been shown to modulate AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling, p38MAPK-MAPKAPK-2/HSP-27 pathway, cell cycle regulatory proteins and apoptosis-associated proteins in different cancers. However, still there are visible knowledge gaps related to the drug targets in different cancers because we have not yet developed comprehensive understanding of the M. charantia mediated regulation of signal transduction pathways. To explore these questions, experimental platforms are needed that can prove to be helpful in getting a step closer to personalized medicine.
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Sung HC, Liu CW, Hsiao CY, Lin SR, Yu IS, Lin SW, Chiang MH, Liang CJ, Pu CM, Chen YC, Lin MS, Chen YL. The effects of wild bitter gourd fruit extracts on ICAM-1 expression in pulmonary epithelial cells of C57BL/6J mice and microRNA-221/222 knockout mice: Involvement of the miR-221/-222/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 42:90-99. [PMID: 29655703 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracts from wild bitter gourd fruit (WBGE) were reported to possess numerous pharmacological activities. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of WBGE on human lung epithelial cells and the underlying mechanisms have not been determined. PURPOSE To evaluate the molecular basis of the effects of WBGE on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in alveolar epithelial (A549) cells, C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice and microRNA (miR)-221/-222 knockout (KO) mice with or without tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α; 3 ng/ml) treatment. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS WT mice and miR-221/-222 KO mice were fed a control diet and divided into four groups (C: control mice; T: treated with TNF-α alone; WBGE/T: pretreated with WBGE and then stimulated with TNF-α; WBGE: treated with WBGE alone). The effects of WBGE on ICAM-1 expression and the related signals in A549 cells and mice with or without TNF-α treatment were examined by Western blot and immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS WBGE significantly decreased the TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression in A549 cells through the inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (AKT)/ nuclear factor- kappa B (NF-κB)/ inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) phosphorylation and decreased leukocyte adhesion. In addition, WBGE reduced endogenous ICAM-1 expression and upregulated miR-221/-222 expression. The overexpression of miR-222 decreased PI3K/AKT/NF-κB/IκB and ICAM-1 expression, which resulted in reducing monocyte adhesion. Moreover, WBGE reduced ICAM-1 expression in lung tissues of WT mice with or without TNF-α treatment and upregulated miR-221/222. WBGE did not affect the miR-221/-222 level and had little effect on ICAM-1 expression in miR-221/-222 KO mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that WBGE reduced ICAM-1 expression both under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The protective effects were mediated partly through the miR-221/-222/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ching Sung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Rung Lin
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Science, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Center for Nanotechnology and Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Shing Yu
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wha Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Jung Liang
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Pu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shian Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Lien Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Richmond RA, Vuong QV, Scarlett CJ. Cytotoxic Effect of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Ethanol Extract and Its Fractions on Pancreatic Cancer Cells in vitro. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2017; 2:1-11. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2017.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lv WF, Lu D, Xiao JK, Mukhiya G, Tan ZX, Cheng DL, Zhou CZ, Zhang XM, Zhang ZF, Hou CL. The side effects and complications of percutaneous iodine-125 seeds implantation under CT-guide for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9535. [PMID: 29384971 PMCID: PMC6392784 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study investigates the side effects and complications of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous iodine-125 (I-125) seeds implantation for advanced pancreatic cancer. METHODS The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for patients treated with implantation of I-125 seeds under CT-guide in our hospital from May 2010 to April 2015. The side effects and complications were collected and their possible reasons were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 78 patients were enrolled. The side effects were categorized as fever in 29 cases (37.18%), abdominal pain in 26 cases (33.33%), nausea and vomiting in 9 cases (11.54%), diarrhea in 5 cases (6.41%), and constipation in 4 cases (5.13%). Complications were composed of pancreatitis in 9 cases (11.54%), infection in 5 cases (6.41%), seed migration in 2 cases (2.56%), intestinal perforation in 1 case (1.28%), and intestinal obstruction in 1 case. The incidence of complication was 23.08% (18/78). The difference in incidence of complication was statistically significant between patients implanted with ≤27 seeds and those with >27 seeds (P = .032). CONCLUSION The side effects and complications frequently occur in implantation of I-125 seeds for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. More concern should be given to the patients treated by this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Fu Lv
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dong Lu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing-Kun Xiao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gauri Mukhiya
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Radiology, BIR Hospital, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Zhong-Xiao Tan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - De-Lei Cheng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chun-Ze Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xing-Min Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zheng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chang-Long Hou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Islam MS, Giampieri F, Janjusevic M, Gasparrini M, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Mazzoni L, Greco S, Giannubilo SR, Ciavattini A, Mezzetti B, Capocasa F, Castellucci M, Battino M, Ciarmela P. An anthocyanin rich strawberry extract induces apoptosis and ROS while decreases glycolysis and fibrosis in human uterine leiomyoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23575-23587. [PMID: 28212568 PMCID: PMC5410328 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas are highly prevalent benign tumors in reproductive aged women. Unfortunately, medical treatments are still limited and no preventive therapies have been developed. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of strawberry extract on uterine leiomyoma cells. Leiomyoma and myometrial cells were treated with strawberry (cultivar Alba) extract (250 μg/ml) for 48 h to measure apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative phosphorylation (OCR, oxygen consumption rate) and glycolysis (ECAR, extracellular acidification rate) as well as fibrosis associated gene and/or protein expression. In leiomyoma cells, strawberry increased the percentage of apoptotic and dead cells. Strawberry significantly increased ROS concentration in leiomyoma cells, while decreased it in myometrial cells. After strawberry treatment, leiomyoma cells showed a significant decreased rate of ECAR, while OCR was unchanged in both myometrial and leiomyoma cells. Strawberry significantly decreased collagen1A1, fibronectin and versican mRNA expression in leiomyoma cells. The reduced protein expression of fibronectin was observed by strawberry extract in leiomyoma cells as well. Furthermore, strawberry was able to reduce activin A induced fibronectin, collagen1A1, and versican as well as activin A and PAI-1 mRNA expression in leiomyoma cells. This study suggests that strawberry can be developed as therapeutic and/or preventive agent for uterine leiomyomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Soriful Islam
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Biotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Milijana Janjusevic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Mazzoni
- Department of Clinical Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Greco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Ciavattini
- Department of Clinical Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Franco Capocasa
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mario Castellucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pasquapina Ciarmela
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Gu HZ, Lin RR, Wang HC, Zhu XJ, Hu Y, Zheng FY. Effect of Momordica charantia protein on proliferation, apoptosis and the AKT signal transduction pathway in the human endometrial carcinoma Ishikawa H cell line in vitro. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3032-3038. [PMID: 28521410 PMCID: PMC5431312 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the most common female malignancies, and there is an urgent requirement to explore new therapeutic strategies. In the present study, Ishikawa H cells were treated with Momordica charantia protein (MCP30). The cell morphology, growth inhibition rate, cell cycle distribution, and expression of phosphate and tensin homolog, P-AKT and AKT were measured. DNA fragmentation analysis and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide double staining assay were used to analyze cell apoptosis. MCP30 decreased the viability of Ishikawa H cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The early apoptotic rates of Ishikawa H cells treated with MCP30 at 666.67 pM reached to 16.07±0.15%, following 72 h of treatment. DNA ladder was observed in cells treated with 333.33 and 666.67 pM MCP30 following 72 h of treatment. MCP30 blocks Ishikawa H cells from progressing between the S-phase and the G2/M-phase in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Western blotting revealed that MCP30 treatment decreased the levels of P-AKT in a dose-dependent manner. It was revealed that MCP30 decreases cell proliferation, and induces apoptosis and S-phase cell cycle arrest through the AKT signaling pathway in Ishikawa H cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Zhi Gu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Rong Lin
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Han-Chu Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Jie Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Fei-Yun Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Raina K, Kumar D, Agarwal R. Promise of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) bioactives in cancer prevention and therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:116-129. [PMID: 27452666 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there is a paradigm shift that the whole food-derived components are not 'idle bystanders' but actively participate in modulating aberrant metabolic and signaling pathways in both healthy and diseased individuals. One such whole food from Cucurbitaceae family is 'bitter melon' (Momordica charantia, also called bitter gourd, balsam apple, etc.), which has gained an enormous attention in recent years as an alternative medicine in developed countries. The increased focus on bitter melon consumption could in part be due to several recent pre-clinical efficacy studies demonstrating bitter melon potential to target obesity/type II diabetes-associated metabolic aberrations as well as its pre-clinical anti-cancer efficacy against various malignancies. The bioassay-guided fractionations have also classified the bitter melon chemical constituents based on their anti-diabetic or cytotoxic effects. Thus, by definition, these bitter melon constituents are at cross roads on the bioactivity parameters; they either have selective efficacy for correcting metabolic aberrations or targeting cancer cells, or have beneficial effects in both conditions. However, given the vast, though dispersed, literature reports on the bioactivity and beneficial attributes of bitter melon constituents, a comprehensive review on the bitter melon components and the overlapping beneficial attributes is lacking; our review attempts to fulfill these unmet needs. Importantly, the recent realization that there are common risk factors associated with obesity/type II diabetes-associated metabolic aberrations and cancer, this timely review focuses on the dual efficacy of bitter melon against the risk factors associated with both diseases that could potentially impact the course of malignancy to advanced stages. Furthermore, this review also addresses a significant gap in our knowledge regarding the bitter melon drug-drug interactions which can be predicted from the available reports on bitter melon effects on metabolism enzymes and drug transporters. This has important implications, given that a large proportion of individuals, taking bitter melon based supplements/phytochemical extracts/food based home-remedies, are also likely to be taking conventional therapeutic drugs at the same time. Accordingly, the comprehensively reviewed information here could be prudently translated to the clinical implications associated with any potential concerns regarding bitter melon consumption by cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
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A triterpenoid from wild bitter gourd inhibits breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22419. [PMID: 26926586 PMCID: PMC4772478 DOI: 10.1038/srep22419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The antitumor activity of 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al (TCD), a triterpenoid isolated from wild bitter gourd, in breast cancer cells was investigated. TCD suppressed the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with IC50 values at 72 h of 19 and 23 μM, respectively, via a PPARγ−independent manner. TCD induced cell apoptosis accompanied with pleiotrophic biological modulations including down-regulation of Akt-NF-κB signaling, up-regulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and p53, increased reactive oxygen species generation, inhibition of histone deacetylases protein expression, and cytoprotective autophagy. Together, these findings provided the translational value of TCD and wild bitter gourd as an antitumor agent for patients with breast cancer.
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