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Peng M, Keppeke GD, Tsai LK, Chang CC, Liu JL, Sung LY. The IMPDH cytoophidium couples metabolism and fetal development in mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:210. [PMID: 38717553 PMCID: PMC11078715 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The cytoophidium is an evolutionarily conserved subcellular structure formed by filamentous polymers of metabolic enzymes. In vertebrates, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), which catalyses the rate-limiting step in guanosine triphosphate (GTP) biosynthesis, is one of the best-known cytoophidium-forming enzymes. Formation of the cytoophidium has been proposed to alleviate the inhibition of IMPDH, thereby facilitating GTP production to support the rapid proliferation of certain cell types such as lymphocytes, cancer cells and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). However, past studies lacked appropriate models to elucidate the significance of IMPDH cytoophidium under normal physiological conditions. In this study, we demonstrate that the presence of IMPDH cytoophidium in mouse PSCs correlates with their metabolic status rather than pluripotency. By introducing IMPDH2 Y12C point mutation through genome editing, we established mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines incapable of forming IMPDH polymers and the cytoophidium. Our data indicate an important role of IMPDH cytoophidium in sustaining a positive feedback loop that couples nucleotide biosynthesis with upstream metabolic pathways. Additionally, we find that IMPDH2 Y12C mutation leads to decreased cell proliferation and increased DNA damage in teratomas, as well as impaired embryo development following blastocoel injection. Further analysis shows that IMPDH cytoophidium assembly in mouse embryonic development begins after implantation and gradually increases throughout fetal development. These findings provide insights into the regulation of IMPDH polymerisation in embryogenesis and its significance in coordinating cell metabolism and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Peng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Gerson D Keppeke
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Li-Kuang Tsai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
| | - Li-Ying Sung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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2
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Lama Tamang R, Kumar B, Patel SM, Thapa I, Ahmad A, Kumar V, Ahmad R, Becker DF, Bastola D(K, Dhawan P, Singh AB. Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase-2 Promotes Colorectal Carcinogenesis by Modulating Microtubule-Associated Serine/Threonine Kinase-like/Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:1883. [PMID: 37508547 PMCID: PMC10377831 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant progress in clinical management, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths. A positive association between PYCR2 (pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase-2), a terminal enzyme of proline metabolism, and CRC aggressiveness was recently reported. However, how PYCR2 promotes colon carcinogenesis remains ill understood. METHODS A comprehensive analysis was performed using publicly available cancer databases and CRC patient cohorts. Proteomics and biochemical evaluations were performed along with genetic manipulations and in vivo tumor growth assays to gain a mechanistic understanding. RESULTS PYCR2 expression was significantly upregulated in CRC and associated with poor patient survival, specifically among PYCR isoforms (PYCR1, 2, and 3). The genetic inhibition of PYCR2 inhibited the tumorigenic abilities of CRC cells and in vivo tumor growth. Coinciding with these observations was a significant decrease in cellular proline content. PYCR2 overexpression promoted the tumorigenic abilities of CRC cells. Proteomics (LC-MS/MS) analysis further demonstrated that PYCR2 loss of expression in CRC cells inhibits survival and cell cycle pathways. A subsequent biochemical analysis supported the causal role of PYCR2 in regulating CRC cell survival and the cell cycle, potentially by regulating the expression of MASTL, a cell-cycle-regulating protein upregulated in CRC. Further studies revealed that PYCR2 regulates Wnt/β-catenin-signaling in manners dependent on the expression of MASTL and the cancer stem cell niche. CONCLUSIONS PYCR2 promotes MASTL/Wnt/β-catenin signaling that, in turn, promotes cancer stem cell populations and, thus, colon carcinogenesis. Taken together, our data highlight the significance of PYCR2 as a novel therapeutic target for effectively treating aggressive colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Lama Tamang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Balawant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Sagar M. Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Ishwor Thapa
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science & Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Alshomrani Ahmad
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Donald F. Becker
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Dundy (Kiran) Bastola
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science & Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105-1850, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-65870, USA
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105-1850, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-65870, USA
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3
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Kaur N, Tiwari P, Kumar P, Biswas M, Sonawane A, Mobin SM. Multifaceted Carbon Dots: toward pH-Responsive Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil for In Vitro Antiproliferative Activity. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37366546 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of smart hybrid material to assimilate diagnosis and treatment is crucial in nanomedicine. Herein, we present a simple and facile method to synthesize multitalented blue-emissive nitrogen-doped carbon dots N@PEGCDs. The as-prepared carbon dots N@PEGCDs show enhanced biocompatibility, small size, high fluorescence, and high quantum yield. The N@PEGCDs are used as a drug carrier for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with more release at acidic pH. Furthermore, the mode of action of drug-loaded CD (5FU-N@PEGCDs) has also been explored by performing wound healing assay, DCFDA assay for ROS generation, and Hoechst staining. The drug loaded with carbon dots showed less toxicity to normal cells compared to cancer cells, making it a perfect candidate to be studied for designing next-generation drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navpreet Kaur
- Discipline of Biosciences and Bio-Medical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Pranav Tiwari
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Mainak Biswas
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Discipline of Biosciences and Bio-Medical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Shaikh M Mobin
- Discipline of Biosciences and Bio-Medical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
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Fessé P, Nyman J, Hermansson I, Book ML, Ahlgren J, Turesson I. Human cutaneous interfollicular melanocytes differentiate temporarily under genotoxic stress. iScience 2022; 25:105238. [PMID: 36274944 PMCID: PMC9579029 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-damage response of cutaneous interfollicular melanocytes to fractionated radiotherapy was investigated by immunostaining of tissue sections from punch biopsies collected before, during, and after the treatment of patients for breast cancer. Our clinical assay with sterilized hair follicles, excluded the migration of immature melanocytes from the bulge, and highlighted interfollicular melanocytes as an autonomous self-renewing population. About thirty percent are immature. Surrounding keratinocytes induced and maintained melanocyte differentiation as long as treatment was ongoing. Concomitant with differentiation, melanocytes were protected from apoptosis by transient upregulation of Bcl-2 and CXCR2. CXCR2 upregulation also indicated the instigation of premature senescence, preventing proliferation. The stem cell factor BMI1 was constitutively expressed exclusively in interfollicular melanocytes and further upregulated upon irradiation. BMI1 prevents apoptosis, terminal differentiation, and premature senescence, allowing dedifferentiation post-treatment, by suppressing the p53/p21-and p16-mediated response and upregulating CXCR2 to genotoxic damage. The pre-treatment immature subset of interfollicular melanocytes was restored after the exposure ended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Fessé
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Nyman
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Hermansson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maj-Lis Book
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Ahlgren
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro Sweden
| | - Ingela Turesson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Hussain M, Lu Y, Tariq M, Jiang H, Shu Y, Luo S, Zhu Q, Zhang J, Liu J. A small-molecule Skp1 inhibitor elicits cell death by p53-dependent mechanism. iScience 2022; 25:104591. [PMID: 35789855 PMCID: PMC9249674 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Skp1 overexpression promotes tumor growth, whereas reduced Skp1 activity is also linked with genomic instability and neoplastic transformation. This highlights the need to gain better understanding of Skp1 biology in cancer settings. To this context, potent and cellularly active small-molecule Skp1 inhibitors may be of great value. Using a hypothesis-driven, structure-guided approach, we herein identify Z0933M as a potent Skp1 inhibitor with KD ∼0.054 μM. Z0933M occupies a hydrophobic hotspot (P1) – encompassing an aromatic cage of two phenylalanines (F101 and F139) – alongside C-terminal extension of Skp1 and, thus, hampers its ability to interact with F-box proteins, a prerequisite step to constitute intact and active SCF E3 ligase(s) complexes. In cellulo, Z0933M disrupted SCF E3 ligase(s) functioning, recapitulated previously reported effects of Skp1-reduced activity, and elicited cell death by a p53-dependent mechanism. We propose Z0933M as valuable tool for future efforts toward probing Skp1 cancer biology, with implications for cancer therapy. Z0933M manifests strong binding with Skp1 and inhibits Skp1-F-box PPIs Z0933M interacts with a P1 hotspot alongside C-terminal extension of Skp1 Z0933M alters SCF E3 ligase functioning, leading to substrate accumulation/modulation Z0933M causes cell-cycle arrest, and elicits cell death by p53-dependent mechanism
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammal Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yongzhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Muqddas Tariq
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yahai Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Shuang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Jiancun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Corresponding author
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6
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Chughtai AA, Pannhausen J, Dinger P, Wirtz J, Knüchel R, Gaisa NT, Eble MJ, Rose M. Effective Radiosensitization of Bladder Cancer Cells by Pharmacological Inhibition of DNA-PK and ATR. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061277. [PMID: 35740300 PMCID: PMC9220184 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims at analyzing the impact of the pharmacological inhibition of DNA damage response (DDR) targets (DNA-PK and ATR) on radiosensitization of bladder cancer cell lines of different molecular/histological subtypes. Applying DNA-PK (AZD7648) and ATR (Ceralasertib) inhibitors on SCaBER, J82 and VMCUB-1 bladder cancer cell lines, we revealed sensitization upon ionizing radiation (IR), i.e., the IC50 for each drug shifted to a lower drug concentration with increased IR doses. In line with this, drug exposure retarded DNA repair after IR-induced DNA damage visualized by a neutral comet assay. Western blot analyses confirmed specific inhibition of targeted DDR pathways in the analyzed bladder cancer cell lines, i.e., drugs blocked DNA-PK phosphorylation at Ser2056 and the ATR downstream mediator CHK1 at Ser317. Interestingly, clonogenic survival assays indicated a cell-line-dependent synergism of combined DDR inhibition upon IR. Calculating combined index (CI) values, with and without IR, according to the Chou–Talalay method, confirmed drug- and IR-dose-specific synergistic CI values. Thus, we provide functional evidence that DNA-PK and ATR inhibitors specifically target corresponding DDR pathways retarding the DNA repair process at nano-molar concentrations. This, in turn, leads to a strong radiosensitizing effect and impairs the survival of bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ali Chughtai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Correspondence: (A.A.C.); (M.R.); Tel.: +49-241-8036863 (A.A.C.); +49-241-8089715 (M.R.); Fax: +49-241-8082425 (A.A.C.); +49-241-8082439 (M.R.)
| | - Julia Pannhausen
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.P.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (N.T.G.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Pia Dinger
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.P.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (N.T.G.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Wirtz
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.P.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (N.T.G.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Knüchel
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.P.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (N.T.G.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine T. Gaisa
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.P.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (N.T.G.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael J. Eble
- Department of Radiation Oncology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Michael Rose
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.P.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (N.T.G.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.A.C.); (M.R.); Tel.: +49-241-8036863 (A.A.C.); +49-241-8089715 (M.R.); Fax: +49-241-8082425 (A.A.C.); +49-241-8082439 (M.R.)
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7
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Mohajershojai T, Jha P, Boström A, Frejd FY, Yazaki PJ, Nestor M. In Vitro Characterization of 177Lu-DOTA-M5A Anti-Carcinoembryonic Antigen Humanized Antibody and HSP90 Inhibition for Potentiated Radioimmunotherapy of Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:849338. [PMID: 35433442 PMCID: PMC9010075 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.849338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an antigen that is highly expressed in colorectal cancers and widely used as a tumor marker. 131I and 90Y-radiolabeled anti-CEA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have previously been assessed for radioimmunotherapy in early clinical trials with promising results. Moreover, the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor onalespib has previously demonstrated radiotherapy potentiation effects in vivo. In the present study, a 177Lu-radiolabeled anti-CEA hT84.66-M5A mAb (M5A) conjugate was developed and the potential therapeutic effects of 177Lu-DOTA-M5A and/or onalespib were investigated. The 177Lu radiolabeling of M5A was first optimized and characterized. Binding specificity and affinity of the conjugate were then evaluated in a panel of gastrointestinal cancer cell lines. The effects on spheroid growth and cell viability, as well as molecular effects from treatments, were then assessed in several three-dimensional (3D) multicellular colorectal cancer spheroid models. Stable and reproducible radiolabeling was obtained, with labeling yields above 92%, and stability was retained at least 48 h post-radiolabeling. Antigen-specific binding of the radiolabeled conjugate was demonstrated on all CEA-positive cell lines. Dose-dependent therapeutic effects of both 177Lu-DOTA-M5A and onalespib were demonstrated in the spheroid models. Moreover, effects were potentiated in several dose combinations, where spheroid sizes and viabilities were significantly decreased compared to the corresponding monotherapies. For example, the combination treatment with 350 nM onalespib and 20 kBq 177Lu-DOTA-M5A resulted in 2.5 and 2.3 times smaller spheroids at the experimental endpoint than the corresponding monotreatments in the SNU1544 spheroid model. Synergistic effects were demonstrated in several of the more effective combinations. Molecular assessments validated the therapy results and displayed increased apoptosis in several combination treatments. In conclusion, the combination therapy of anti-CEA 177Lu-DOTA-M5A and onalespib showed enhanced therapeutic effects over the individual monotherapies for the potential treatment of colorectal cancer. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to confirm the current study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Preeti Jha
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Fredrik Y Frejd
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul J Yazaki
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Marika Nestor
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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8
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Kang M, Pandit N, Kim AY, Cho SJ, Kwon YJ, Ahn J, Lee KM, Wu S, Oh JS, Jung KY, Kim JS. PCW-1001, a Novel Pyrazole Derivative, Exerts Antitumor and Radio-Sensitizing Activities in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:835833. [PMID: 35425705 PMCID: PMC9002139 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.835833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As pyrazole and its derivatives have a wide range of biological activities, including anticancer activity, the design of novel pyrazole derivatives has emerged as an important research field. This study describes a novel pyrazole derivative that exerts antitumor and radiosensitizing activities in breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. We synthesized a novel pyrazole compound N,N-dimethyl-N’-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl)azanesulfonamide (PCW-1001) and showed that it inhibited several oncogenic properties of breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. PCW-1001 induced apoptosis in several breast cancer cell lines. Transcriptome analysis of PCW-1001-treated cells showed that it regulates genes involved in the DNA damage response, suggesting its potential use in radiotherapy. Indeed, PCW-1001 enhanced the radiation sensitivity of breast cancer cells by modulating the expression of DNA damage response genes. Therefore, our data describe a novel pyrazole compound, PCW-1001, with antitumor and radiosensitizer activities in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsung Kang
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Navin Pandit
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ah-Young Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suk Joon Cho
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Ju Kwon
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.,Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ahn
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Myung Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sangwook Wu
- Research & Development (R&D) Center, Pharmcadd, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jeong Su Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kwan-Young Jung
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.,Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
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9
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Woo SH, Kim B, Kim SH, Jung BC, Lee Y, Kim YS. Pulsed electromagnetic field potentiates etoposide-induced MCF-7 cell death. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 34674796 PMCID: PMC8972140 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.3.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Etoposide is a chemotherapeutic medication used to treat various types of cancer, including breast cancer. It is established that pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy can enhance the effects of anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we investigated whether PEMFs influence the anti-cancer effects of etoposide in MCF-7 cells and determined the signal pathways affected by PEMFs. We observed that co-treatment with etoposide and PEMFs led to a decrease in viable cells compared with cells solely treated with etoposide. PEMFs elevated the etoposide-induced PARP cleavage and caspase-7/9 activation and enhanced the etoposide-induced down-regulation of survivin and up-regulation of Bax. PEMF also increased the etoposide-induced activation of DNA damage-related molecules. In addition, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was slightly elevated during etoposide treatment and significantly increased during co-treatment with etoposide and PEMF. Moreover, treatment with ROS scavenger restored the PEMF-induced decrease in cell viability in etoposide-treated MCF-7 cells. These results combined indicate that PEMFs enhance etoposide-induced cell death by increasing ROS induction–DNA damage–caspase-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hun Woo
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Bohee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Korea Nazarene University, Cheonan 31172, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Jung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yongheum Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Yoon Suk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
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10
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miRNA-148a Enhances the Treatment Response of Patients with Rectal Cancer to Chemoradiation and Promotes Apoptosis by Directly Targeting c-Met. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101371. [PMID: 34680492 PMCID: PMC8533359 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) who achieve a pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) have an excellent prognosis, but only approximately 30% of patients achieve pCR. Therefore, identifying predictors of pCR is imperative. We employed a microRNA (miRNA) microarray to compare the miRNA profiles of patients with LARC who achieved pCR (pCR group, n = 5) with those who did not (non-pCR group, n = 5). The validation set confirmed that miRNA-148a was overexpressed in the pCR group (n = 11) compared with the non-pCR group (n = 40). Cell proliferation and clonogenic assays revealed that miRNA-148a overexpression radio-sensitized cancer cells and inhibited cellular proliferation, before and after irradiation (p < 0.01). Apoptosis assays demonstrated that miRNA-148a enhanced apoptosis before and after irradiation. Reporter assays revealed that c-Met was the direct target gene of miRNA-148a. An in vivo study indicated that miRNA-148a enhanced the irradiation-induced suppression of xenograft tumor growth (p < 0.01). miRNA-148a may be a biomarker of pCR following NACRT and can promote apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in CRC cells by directly targeting c-Met in vitro and enhancing tumor response to irradiation in vivo.
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11
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Benzylidene thiazolidinediones: Synthesis, in vitro investigations of antiproliferative mechanisms and in vivo efficacy determination in combination with Imatinib. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Doctor A, Seifert V, Ullrich M, Hauser S, Pietzsch J. Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Systems in Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102765. [PMID: 32993034 PMCID: PMC7600608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In preclinical cancer research, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems such as multicellular spheroids and organoids are becoming increasingly important. They provide valuable information before studies on animal models begin and, in some cases, are even suitable for reducing or replacing animal experiments. Furthermore, they recapitulate microtumors, metastases, and the tumor microenvironment much better than monolayer culture systems could. Three-dimensional models show higher structural complexity and diverse cell interactions while reflecting (patho)physiological phenomena such as oxygen and nutrient gradients in the course of their growth or development. These interactions and properties are of great importance for understanding the pathophysiological importance of stromal cells and the extracellular matrix for tumor progression, treatment response, or resistance mechanisms of solid tumors. Special emphasis is placed on co-cultivation with tumor-associated cells, which further increases the predictive value of 3D models, e.g., for drug development. The aim of this overview is to shed light on selected 3D models and their advantages and disadvantages, especially from the radiopharmacist's point of view with focus on the suitability of 3D models for the radiopharmacological characterization of novel radiotracers and radiotherapeutics. Special attention is paid to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as a predestined target for the development of new radionuclide-based theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Doctor
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.D.); (V.S.); (M.U.); (S.H.)
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Verena Seifert
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.D.); (V.S.); (M.U.); (S.H.)
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.D.); (V.S.); (M.U.); (S.H.)
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.D.); (V.S.); (M.U.); (S.H.)
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (A.D.); (V.S.); (M.U.); (S.H.)
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-260-2622
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Wang J, Chen S. RACK1 promotes miR-302b/c/d-3p expression and inhibits CCNO expression to induce cell apoptosis in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:385. [PMID: 32792866 PMCID: PMC7418423 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. The present study was conducted with the main objective of determining the potential role of receptor for activated protein kinase C1 (RACK1) in CSCC through regulation of microRNA (miR)-302b/c/d-3p and Cyclin O (CCNO). Methods The expression of RACK1, miR-302b/c/d-3p and CCNO in CSCC tissues and cells was measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. The interaction among RACK1, miR-302b/c/d-3p, and CCNO was determined by dual luciferase reporter assay. Subsequently, effects of RACK1, miR-302b/c/d-3p and CCNO on CSCC cell cycle entry, proliferation and apoptosis were investigated with the use of flow cytometry, EdU, and TUNEL assays. Furthermore, mouse xenograft model of CSCC cells was established to verify the function of RACK1 in vivo. Results RACK1 and miR-302b/c/d-3p were down-regulated and CCNO was overexpressed in CSCC. CCNO was identified as the target of miR-302b/c/d-3p. Importantly, overexpressed miR-302b-3p, miR-302c-3p or miR-302d-3p or RACK1 enhanced the apoptosis and suppressed the proliferation of CSCC cells in vitro, while inhibiting tumor growth in vivo by targeting CCNO. Conclusions On all accounts, overexpressed RACK1 could dampen the progression of CSCC through miR-302b/c/d-3p-mediated CCNO inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 18, Zhongshan Second Road, Youjiang District, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengcai Chen
- Department of Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 18, Zhongshan Second Road, Youjiang District, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000 People's Republic of China
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Kaushik S, Tomar A, Puthanmadhom Narayanan S, Nag TC, Arya DS, Bhatia J. Pitavastatin attenuates cisplatin-induced renal injury by targeting MAPK and apoptotic pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1072-1081. [PMID: 30957246 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anti-neoplastic drug cisplatin is prescribed widely for treatment of a variety of malignancies. Its use has been restricted lately due to severe renal toxicity. The purpose of current study was to investigate the effect of pitavastatin (a hypolipidaemic drug) in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in rats. METHOD Male Wistar rats (150-200 g) were treated with different doses of pitavastatin (0.16, 0.32 and 0.64 mg/kg per day p.o.; 10 days). On 7th day of the study, rats were administered cisplatin (8 mg/kg i.p.). Rats were euthanized (11th day), and blood and tissues were processed to evaluate biochemical, histopathological and ultrastructural parameters along with the analysis of immunohistochemistry and DNA-fragmentation studies. Protein expressions were analysed to demonstrate the underlying molecular mechanisms. KEY FINDINGS In the study group with cisplatin insult, KFT parameters were found to be elevated, concentration of apoptotic markers was found to be increased, histopathological and ultramicroscopical architecture was found to be distorted and the expression of MAPK proteins was also found to be elevated as compared to the normal group rats. Pitavastatin treatment alleviated all these anomalies. CONCLUSION Cisplatin-induced acute renal injury was improved on administration of pitavastatin via inhibition of MAPK and apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kaushik
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ameesha Tomar
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Tapas Chandra Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharamvir Singh Arya
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagriti Bhatia
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Al-Ramadan A, Mortensen AC, Carlsson J, Nestor MV. Analysis of radiation effects in two irradiated tumor spheroid models. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:3008-3016. [PMID: 29435031 PMCID: PMC5778913 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicellular spheroids have proven suitable as three-dimensional in vivo-like models of non-vascularized micrometastases. Unlike monolayer-based models, spheroids mirror the cellular milieu and the pathophysiological gradients inside tumor nodules. However, there is limited knowledge of the radiation effects at the molecular level in spheroids of human origin. The present study is a presentation of selected cell biological processes that may easily be analyzed with methods available at routine pathology laboratories. Using gamma irradiated pancreatic neuroendocrine BON1 and colonic adenocarcinoma HCT116 spheroids as model systems, the present study assessed the radiobiological response in these models. Spheroid growth after irradiation was followed over time and molecular responses were subsequently assessed with immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for descriptive analyses and semi-automatic grading of apoptosis, G2-phase and senescence in thin sections of the spheroids. Growth studies demonstrated the BON1 spheroids were slower growing and less sensitive to radiation compared with the HCT116 spheroids. IHC staining for G2-phase was primarily observed in the outer viable P-cell layers of the spheroids, with the 6 Gy irradiated HCT116 spheroids demonstrating a very clear increase in staining intensity compared with unirradiated spheroids. Apoptosis staining results indicated increased apoptosis with increasing radiation doses. No clear association between senescence and radiation exposure in the spheroids were observed. The present results demonstrate the feasibility of the use of multicellular spheroids of human origin in combination with IHC analyses to unravel radiobiological responses at a molecular level. The present findings inspire further investigations, including other relevant IHC-detectable molecular processes in time- and radiation dose-dependent settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afkar Al-Ramadan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anja C Mortensen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Carlsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marika V Nestor
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Double strand break induction and kinetics indicate preserved hypersensitivity in keratinocytes to subtherapeutic doses for 7weeks of radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2016; 122:163-169. [PMID: 28017476 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previously we reported that hyper-radiosensitivity (HRS) was evidenced by quantifying DNA double strand break (DSB) foci in epidermis biopsies collected after delivering radiotherapeutic one and five dose fractions. The aim of this study was to determine whether HRS was preserved throughout a 7-week radiotherapy treatment, and also to examine the rate of foci decline and foci persistence between dose fractions. MATERIALS AND METHODS 42 patients with prostate cancer received 7-week fractionated radiotherapy treatment (RT) with daily dose fractions of 0.05-1.10Gy to the skin. Before RT, and at several times throughout treatment, skin biopsies (n=452) were collected at 30min, and 2, 3, 24, and 72h after dose fractions. DSB-foci markers, γH2AX and 53BP1, were labelled in epidermal keratinocytes with immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. Foci were counted both with digital image analysis and manually. RESULTS HRS in keratinocytes was evidenced by the dose-response relationships of DSB foci, observed throughout the treatment course, independent of sampling time and quantification method. Foci observed at 24h after dose fractions indicated considerable DSB persistence. Accordingly, foci significantly accumulated after 5 consecutive dose fractions. For doses below 0.3Gy, persistent foci could be observed even at 72h after damage induction. A comparison of γH2AX and 53BP1 quantifications in double-stained biopsies showed similar HRS dose-response relationships. CONCLUSIONS These results represented the first evidence of preserved HRS, assessed by γH2AX- and 53BP1-labelled DSB foci, throughout a 7-week treatment course with daily repeated subtherapeutic dose fractions.
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Jia D, Lu W, Zhang X, Cai G, Teng L, Wang X, Zhang M, Zeng Y, Liang C, Wang D. Calf Spleen Extractive Injection (CSEI), a small peptides enriched extraction, induces human hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis via ROS/MAPKs dependent mitochondrial pathway. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 132:122-130. [PMID: 28314430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Calf Spleen Extractive Injection (CSEI), a small peptides enriched extraction, performs immunomodulatory activity on cancer patients suffering from radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The present study aims to investigate the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects of CSEI in cells and tumor-xenografted mouse models. In HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells, CSEI reduced cell viability, enhanced apoptosis rate, caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, inhibited migration ability, and induced caspases cascade and mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation. CSEI significantly inhibited HepG2-xenografted tumor growth in nude mice. In cell and animal experiments, CSEI increased the activations of pro-apoptotic proteins including caspase 8, caspase 9 and caspase 3; meanwhile, it suppressed the expressions of anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and anti-oxidation proteins, such as nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and catalase (CAT). The enhanced phosphorylation of P38 and c-JunN-terminalkinase (JNK), and decreased phosphorylation of extra cellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERKs) were observed in CSEI-treated cells and tumor tissues. CSEI-induced cell viability reduction was significantly attenuated by N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (a ROS inhibitor) pretreatment. All data demonstrated that the upregulated oxidative stress status and the altered mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation contributed to CSEI-driven mitochondrial dysfunction. Taken together, CSEI exactly induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via ROS/MAPKs dependent mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Wenqian Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Xinrui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Guangsheng Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Lirong Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Minghai Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Yan Zeng
- JiLin AoDong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taonan, 137100, China.
| | - Chunhua Liang
- Jilin Institute for Drug Control, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Davis M, Bunin DI, Samuelsson SJ, Altera KP, Kinders RJ, Lawrence SM, Ji J, Ames MM, Buhrow SA, Walden C, Reid JM, Rausch LL, Parman T. Characterization of Batracylin-induced Renal and Bladder Toxicity in Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2015; 43:519-29. [PMID: 25274659 PMCID: PMC4382466 DOI: 10.1177/0192623314548766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Batracylin (NSC-320846) is a dual inhibitor of DNA topoisomerases I and II. Batracylin advanced as an anticancer agent to Phase I clinical trials where dose limiting hemorrhagic cystitis (bladder inflammation and bleeding) was observed. To further investigate batracylin's mechanism of toxicity, studies were conducted in Fischer 344 rats. Once daily oral administration of 16 or 32 mg/kg batracylin to rats for 4 days caused overt toxicity. Abnormal clinical observations and adverse effects on clinical pathology, urinalysis, and histology indicated acute renal damage and urothelial damage and bone marrow dysfunction. Scanning electron microscopy revealed sloughing of the superficial and intermediate urothelial layers. DNA damage was evident in kidney and bone marrow as indicated by histone γ-H2AX immunofluorescence. After a single oral administration of 16 or 32 mg/kg, the majority of batracylin was converted to N-acetylbatracylin (NAB) with a half-life of 4 hr to 11 hr. Mesna (Mesnex™), a drug known to reduce the incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis induced by ifosfamide or cyclophosphamide, was administered to rats prior to batracylin, but did not alleviate batracylin-induced bladder and renal toxicity. These findings suggest that batracylin results in DNA damage-based mechanisms of toxicity and not an acrolein-based mechanism of toxicity as occurs after ifosfamide or cyclophosphamide administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrtle Davis
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, The National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert J Kinders
- Pharmacodynamics Assay Development and Implementation Section, Laboratory of Human Toxicology and Pharmacology, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott M Lawrence
- Pharmacodynamics Assay Development and Implementation Section, Laboratory of Human Toxicology and Pharmacology, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiuping Ji
- Pharmacodynamics Assay Development and Implementation Section, Laboratory of Human Toxicology and Pharmacology, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew M Ames
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sarah A Buhrow
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Chad Walden
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joel M Reid
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Chen L, Liu T, Zhou J, Wang Y, Wang X, Di W, Zhang S. Citrate synthase expression affects tumor phenotype and drug resistance in human ovarian carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115708. [PMID: 25545012 PMCID: PMC4278743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrate synthase (CS), one of the key enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, catalyzes the reaction between oxaloacetic acid and acetyl coenzyme A to generate citrate. Increased CS has been observed in pancreatic cancer. In this study, we found higher CS expression in malignant ovarian tumors and ovarian cancer cell lines compared to benign ovarian tumors and normal human ovarian surface epithelium, respectively. CS knockdown by RNAi could result in the reduction of cell proliferation, and inhibition of invasion and migration of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. The drug resistance was also inhibited possibly through an excision repair cross complementing 1 (ERCC1)-dependent mechanism. Finally, upon CS knockdown we observed significant increase expression of multiple genes, including ISG15, IRF7, CASP7, and DDX58 in SKOV3 and A2780 cells by microarray analysis and real-time PCR. Taken together, these results suggested that CS might represent a potential therapeutic target for ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Xinran Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Wen Di
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (WD); (SZ)
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (WD); (SZ)
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Kempf H, Hatzikirou H, Bleicher M, Meyer-Hermann M. In silico analysis of cell cycle synchronisation effects in radiotherapy of tumour spheroids. PLoS Comput Biol 2013; 9:e1003295. [PMID: 24244120 PMCID: PMC3828142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour cells show a varying susceptibility to radiation damage as a function of the current cell cycle phase. While this sensitivity is averaged out in an unperturbed tumour due to unsynchronised cell cycle progression, external stimuli such as radiation or drug doses can induce a resynchronisation of the cell cycle and consequently induce a collective development of radiosensitivity in tumours. Although this effect has been regularly described in experiments it is currently not exploited in clinical practice and thus a large potential for optimisation is missed. We present an agent-based model for three-dimensional tumour spheroid growth which has been combined with an irradiation damage and kinetics model. We predict the dynamic response of the overall tumour radiosensitivity to delivered radiation doses and describe corresponding time windows of increased or decreased radiation sensitivity. The degree of cell cycle resynchronisation in response to radiation delivery was identified as a main determinant of the transient periods of low and high radiosensitivity enhancement. A range of selected clinical fractionation schemes is examined and new triggered schedules are tested which aim to maximise the effect of the radiation-induced sensitivity enhancement. We find that the cell cycle resynchronisation can yield a strong increase in therapy effectiveness, if employed correctly. While the individual timing of sensitive periods will depend on the exact cell and radiation types, enhancement is a universal effect which is present in every tumour and accordingly should be the target of experimental investigation. Experimental observables which can be assessed non-invasively and with high spatio-temporal resolution have to be connected to the radiosensitivity enhancement in order to allow for a possible tumour-specific design of highly efficient treatment schedules based on induced cell cycle synchronisation. The sensitivity of a cell to a dose of radiation is largely affected by its current position within the cell cycle. While under normal circumstances progression through the cell cycle will be asynchronous in a tumour mass, external influences such as chemo- or radiotherapy can induce a synchronisation. Such a common progression of the inner clock of the cancer cells results in the critical dependence on the effectiveness of any drug or radiation dose on a suitable timing for its administration. We analyse the exact evolution of the radiosensitivity of a sample tumour spheroid in a computer model, which enables us to predict time windows of decreased or increased radiosensitivity. Fractionated radiotherapy schedules can be tailored in order to avoid periods of high resistance and exploit the induced radiosensitivity for an increase in therapy efficiency. We show that the cell cycle effects can drastically alter the outcome of fractionated irradiation schedules in a spheroid cell system. By using the correct observables and continuous monitoring, the cell cycle sensitivity effects have the potential to be integrated into treatment planing of the future and thus to be employed for a better outcome in clinical cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Kempf
- Department of Systems Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Haralampos Hatzikirou
- Department of Systems Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcus Bleicher
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department of Systems Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Mandujano-Tinoco EA, Gallardo-Pérez JC, Marín-Hernández A, Moreno-Sánchez R, Rodríguez-Enríquez S. Anti-mitochondrial therapy in human breast cancer multi-cellular spheroids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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