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Parra A, Tenorio-Castano J, Nevado J, Cazalla M, Miranda-Alcaraz L, Gallego-Zazo N, Silván C, Arias P, Pozo-Román J, Ballesta-Martínez MJ, Guillén-Navarro E, Arroyo I, Lotersztein V, Cosentino V, González-Meneses A, Galán E, Rosell J, Ramos F, Lapunzina P. Identification of copy-number variants in patients with overgrowth disorders. Clin Genet 2024. [PMID: 39091142 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Overgrowth syndromes (OGS) comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders whose main characteristic is that the weight, height or the head circumference are above the 97th centile or 2-3 standard deviations above the mean for age, gender, and ethnic group. Several copy-number variants (CNVs) have been associated with the development of OGS, such as the 5q35 microdeletion or the duplication of the 15q26.1-qter, among many others. In this study, we have applied 850K SNP-arrays to 112 patients and relatives with OGS from the Spanish OverGrowth Registry Initiative. We have identified CNVs associated with the disorder in nine individuals (8%). Subsequently, whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis was performed in these nine samples in order to better understand these genomic imbalances. All the CNVs were detected by both techniques, settling that WGS is a useful tool for CNV detection. We have found six patients with genomic abnormalities associated with previously well-established disorders and three patients with CNVs of unknown significance, which may be related to OGS, based on scientific literature. In this report, we describe these findings and comment on genes associated with OGS that are located within the CNV regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Parra
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- INGEMM-Idipaz, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jair Tenorio-Castano
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- INGEMM-Idipaz, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Nevado
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- INGEMM-Idipaz, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Cazalla
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- INGEMM-Idipaz, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Miranda-Alcaraz
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- INGEMM-Idipaz, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Gallego-Zazo
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- INGEMM-Idipaz, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Silván
- INGEMM-Idipaz, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Arias
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- INGEMM-Idipaz, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pozo-Román
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Infantil Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Juliana Ballesta-Martínez
- Sección de Genética Médica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Encarna Guillén-Navarro
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Arroyo
- Pediatrics Department, San Pedro de Alcántara Hospital, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Vanesa Lotersztein
- Department of Genetics, Centro Nacional de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Enrique Galán
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jordi Rosell
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Feliciano Ramos
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- INGEMM-Idipaz, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish OverGrowth Registry Initiative, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Alhazmi S, Alharthi M, Alzahrani M, Alrofaidi A, Basingab F, Almuhammadi A, Alkhatabi H, Ashi A, Chaudhary A, Elaimi A. Copy number variations in autistic children. Biomed Rep 2024; 21:107. [PMID: 38868529 PMCID: PMC11168027 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) manifests as a neurodevelopmental condition marked by challenges in social communication, interaction and the performing of repetitive behaviors. The prevalence of autism increases markedly on an annual basis; however, the etiology remains incompletely understood. Cytogenetically visible chromosomal abnormalities, including copy number variations (CNVs), have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of ASD. More than 1% of ASD conditions can be explained based on a known genetic locus, whereas CNVs account for 5-10% of cases. However, there are no studies on the Saudi Arabian population for the detection of CNVs linked to ASD, to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence of CNVs in autistic Saudi Arabian children. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 14 autistic children along with four healthy control children and then array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was used to detect CNVs. Bioinformatics analysis of the aCGH results showed the presence of recurrent and non-recurrent deletion/duplication CNVs in several regions of the genome of autistic children. The most frequent CNVs were 1q21.2, 3p26.3, 4q13.2, 6p25.3, 6q24.2, 7p21.1, 7q34, 7q11.1, 8p23.2, 13q32.3, 14q11.1-q11.2 and 15q11.1-q11.2. In the present study, CNVs in autistic Saudi Arabian children were identified to improve the understanding of the etiology of autism and facilitate its diagnosis. Additionally, the present study identified certain possible pathogenic genes in the CNV region associated with several developmental and neurogenetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiah Alhazmi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Immunology Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Neuroscience and Geroscience Research Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Alharthi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Alrofaidi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatemah Basingab
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Immunology Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Almuhammadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Alkhatabi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Ashi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Elaimi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Zhang J, Li H, Niswander LA. m 5C methylated lncRncr3-MeCP2 interaction restricts miR124a-initiated neurogenesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5136. [PMID: 38879605 PMCID: PMC11180186 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49368-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Coordination of neuronal differentiation with expansion of the neuroepithelial/neural progenitor cell (NEPC/NPC) pool is essential in early brain development. Our in vitro and in vivo studies identify independent and opposing roles for two neural-specific and differentially expressed non-coding RNAs derived from the same locus: the evolutionarily conserved lncRNA Rncr3 and the embedded microRNA miR124a-1. Rncr3 regulates NEPC/NPC proliferation and controls the biogenesis of miR124a, which determines neuronal differentiation. Rncr3 conserved exons 2/3 are cytosine methylated and bound by methyl-CpG binding protein MeCP2, which restricts expression of miR124a embedded in exon 4 to prevent premature neuronal differentiation, and to orchestrate proper brain growth. MeCP2 directly binds cytosine-methylated Rncr3 through previously unrecognized lysine residues and suppresses miR124a processing by recruiting PTBP1 to block access of DROSHA-DGCR8. Thus, miRNA processing is controlled by lncRNA m5C methylation along with the defined m5C epitranscriptomic RNA reader protein MeCP2 to coordinate brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology. University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Huili Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology. University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Lee A Niswander
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology. University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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Li Y, Liu P, Wang W, Jia H, Bai Y, Yuan Z, Yang Z. A novel genotype-phenotype between persistent-cloaca-related VACTERL and mutations of 8p23 and 12q23.1. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1246-1253. [PMID: 38135728 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying anorectal malformations (ARMs)-related VACTERL (vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheo-esophageal fistula, and renal and limb abnormalities) remains unclear. Copy number variation (CNV) contributed to VACTERL pathogenicity. Here, we report a novel CNV in 8p23 and 12q23.1 identified in a case of ARMs-related VACTERL association. This 12-year-old girl presented a cloaca (urethra, vagina, and rectum opening together and sharing a single tube length), an isolated kidney, and a perpetuation of the left superior vena cava at birth. Her intelligence, growth, and development were slightly lower than those of normal children of the same age. Array comparative genomic hybridization revealed a 9.6-Mb deletion in 8p23.1-23.3 and a 0.52-Mb duplication in 12q23.1 in her genome. Furthermore, we reviewed the cases involving CNVs in patients with VACTERL, 8p23 deletion, and 12q23.1 duplication, and our case was the first displaying ARMs-related VACTERL association with CNV in 8p23 and 12q23.1. These findings enriched our understanding between VACTERL association and the mutations of 8p23 deletion and 12q23.1 duplication. IMPACT: This is a novel case of a Chinese girl with anorectal malformations (ARMs)-related VACTERL with an 8p23.1-23.3 deletion and 12q23.1 duplication. Cloaca malformation is presented with novel copy number variation in 8p23.1-23.3 deletion and 12q23.1 duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Peiqi Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huimin Jia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuzuo Bai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhonghua Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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5
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Chen CP, Hung FY, Chen SW, Wu FT, Pan YT, Wu PS, Chern SR, Lee CC, Lee MS, Wang W. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of de novo concomitant distal 8p deletion of 8p23.3p23.1 and Xp and Xq deletion of Xp22.13q28 due to an unbalanced X;8 translocation detected by amniocentesis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 62:128-131. [PMID: 36720525 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present molecular cytogenetic characterization of de novo concomitant distal 8p deletion of 8p23.3p23.1 and Xp and Xq deletion of Xp22.13q28 due to an unbalanced X;8 translocation detected by amniocentesis. CASE REPORT A 33-year-old primigravid woman underwent amniocentesis at 18 weeks of gestation because of a Down syndrome risk of 1/52 at the first-trimester maternal serum screening calculated from 0.29 multiples of the median (MoM) of pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), 1.14 MoM of free β-hCG and 0.46 MoM of placental growth factor (PlGF). Amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 45,X,add(8)(p23.1). The parental karyotypes were normal. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis on the DNA extracted from cultured amniocytes revealed a 137-Mb deletion of Xp22.13q28 and a 10.53-Mb deletion of 8p23.3p23.1. The karyotype thus was 45,X,der(8)t(X;8)(p22.13;p23.1). Prenatal ultrasound revealed pericardial effusion and skin edema. The pregnancy was subsequently terminated, and a 568-g malformed fetus was delivered with hypertelorism and low-set ears. The cord blood had a karyotype of 45,X,der(8)t(X;8)(p22.13;p23.1). aCGH analysis of the cord blood revealed the result of arr [GRCH37 (hg19)] 8p23.3p23.1 (191,530-10,724,642) × 1.0, arr Xp22.13q28 (18,194,098-155,232,907) × 1.0. CONCLUSION aCGH analysis is useful elucidating the genetic nature of an aberrant chromosome with an additional maternal of unknown origin attached to a chromosome terminal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Yu Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Wen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Tzu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Schu-Rern Chern
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chi Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayseen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bai Y, Wang H, Li C. SAPAP Scaffold Proteins: From Synaptic Function to Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233815. [PMID: 36497075 PMCID: PMC9740047 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitatory (glutamatergic) synaptic transmission underlies many aspects of brain activity and the genesis of normal human behavior. The postsynaptic scaffolding proteins SAP90/PSD-95-associated proteins (SAPAPs), which are abundant components of the postsynaptic density (PSD) at excitatory synapses, play critical roles in synaptic structure, formation, development, plasticity, and signaling. The convergence of human genetic data with recent in vitro and in vivo animal model data indicates that mutations in the genes encoding SAPAP1-4 are associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders, and that dysfunction of SAPAP scaffolding proteins may contribute to the pathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, obsessive compulsive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, and bipolar disorder. Here, we review recent major genetic, epigenetic, molecular, behavioral, electrophysiological, and circuitry studies that have advanced our knowledge by clarifying the roles of SAPAP proteins at the synapses, providing new insights into the mechanistic links to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Bai
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (STCSM & MOE), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (STCSM & MOE), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200335, China
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (STCSM & MOE), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200335, China
- Correspondence:
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7
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Hsieh MY, Tuan LH, Chang HC, Wang YC, Chen CH, Shy HT, Lee LJ, Gau SSF. Altered synaptic protein expression, aberrant spine morphology, and impaired spatial memory in Dlgap2 mutant mice, a genetic model of autism spectrum disorder. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:4779-4793. [PMID: 36169576 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A microdeletion of approximately 2.4 Mb at the 8p23 terminal region has been identified in a Taiwanese autistic boy. Among the products transcribed/translated from genes mapped in this region, the reduction of DLGAP2, a postsynaptic scaffold protein, might be involved in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). DLGAP2 protein was detected in the hippocampus yet abolished in homozygous Dlgap2 knockout (Dlgap2 KO) mice. In this study, we characterized the hippocampal phenotypes in Dlgap2 mutant mice. Dlgap2 KO mice exhibited impaired spatial memory, indicating poor hippocampal function in the absence of DLGAP2. Aberrant expressions of postsynaptic proteins, including PSD95, SHANK3, HOMER1, GluN2A, GluR2, mGluR1, mGluR5, βCAMKII, ERK1/2, ARC, BDNF, were noticed in Dlgap2 mutant mice. Further, the spine density was increased in Dlgap2 KO mice, while the ratio of mushroom-type spines was decreased. We also observed a thinner postsynaptic density thickness in Dlgap2 KO mice at the ultrastructural level. These structural changes found in the hippocampus of Dlgap2 KO mice might be linked to impaired hippocampus-related cognitive functions such as spatial memory. Mice with Dlgap2 deficiency, showing signs of intellectual disability, a common co-occurring condition in patients with ASD, could be a promising animal model which may advance our understanding of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yen Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Heng Tuan
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Ching Chang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Tzer Shy
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Redaelli S, Conconi D, Sala E, Villa N, Crosti F, Roversi G, Catusi I, Valtorta C, Recalcati MP, Dalprà L, Lavitrano M, Bentivegna A. Characterization of Chromosomal Breakpoints in 12 Cases with 8p Rearrangements Defines a Continuum of Fragility of the Region. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063347. [PMID: 35328767 PMCID: PMC8954119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization technology have allowed for high-resolution detection of genome wide copy number alterations, leading to a better definition of rearrangements and supporting the study of pathogenesis mechanisms. In this study, we focused our attention on chromosome 8p. We report 12 cases of 8p rearrangements, analyzed by molecular karyotype, evidencing a continuum of fragility that involves the entire short arm. The breakpoints seem more concentrated in three intervals: one at the telomeric end, the others at 8p23.1, close to the beta-defensin gene cluster and olfactory receptor low-copy repeats. Hypothetical mechanisms for all cases are described. Our data extend the cohort of published patients with 8p aberrations and highlight the need to pay special attention to these sequences due to the risk of formation of new chromosomal aberrations with pathological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Redaelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (L.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Donatella Conconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (L.D.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Elena Sala
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.S.); (N.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Nicoletta Villa
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.S.); (N.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Crosti
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.S.); (N.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Gaia Roversi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (L.D.); (M.L.)
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.S.); (N.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Ilaria Catusi
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (I.C.); (C.V.); (M.P.R.)
| | - Chiara Valtorta
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (I.C.); (C.V.); (M.P.R.)
| | - Maria Paola Recalcati
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (I.C.); (C.V.); (M.P.R.)
| | - Leda Dalprà
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (L.D.); (M.L.)
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.S.); (N.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (L.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (L.D.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.B.)
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9
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Prenatal Diagnosis of 8p23 Deletion Syndrome by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Microarray. JOURNAL OF FETAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40556-021-00322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Genotype-dependent epigenetic regulation of DLGAP2 in alcohol use and dependence. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4367-4382. [PMID: 31745236 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol misuse is a major public health problem originating from genetic and environmental risk factors. Alterations in the brain epigenome may orchestrate changes in gene expression that lead to alcohol misuse and dependence. Through epigenome-wide association analysis of DNA methylation from human brain tissues, we identified a differentially methylated region, DMR-DLGAP2, associated with alcohol dependence. Methylation within DMR-DLGAP2 was found to be genotype-dependent, allele-specific and associated with reward processing in brain. Methylation at the DMR-DLGAP2 regulated expression of DLGAP2 in vitro, and Dlgap2-deficient mice showed reduced alcohol consumption compared with wild-type controls. These results suggest that DLGAP2 may be an interface for genetic and epigenetic factors controlling alcohol use and dependence.
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11
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Hao D, Li Y, Chen L, Wang X, Wang M, Yu Y. Inherited unbalanced translocation (4p16.3p15.32 duplication/8p23.3p23.2deletion) in the four generation pedigree with intellectual disability/developmental delay. Mol Cytogenet 2021; 14:35. [PMID: 34238319 PMCID: PMC8268195 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-021-00552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal copy number variants (CNVs) are an important cause of congenital malformations and mental retardation. This study reported a large Chinese pedigree (4-generation, 76 members) with mental retardation caused by chromosome microduplication/microdeletion. There were 10 affected individuals with intellectual disability (ID), developmental delay (DD), and language delay phenotypes. SNP array analysis was performed in the proband and eight patients and found all of them had a microduplication of chromosome 4p16.3p15.2 and a microdeletion of chromosome 8p23.3p23.2. The high-resolution karyotyping analysis of the proband had unbalanced karyotype [46, XY, der(8)t(4;8)(p15.2;p23.1)mat], his mother had balanced karyotype [46, XX, t(4;8) (p15.2;p23.1)], whereas his father had normal karyotype [46,XY]. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis further confirmed that the proband’s mother had a balanced translocation between the short arm terminal segment of chromosome 4 and the short arm end segment of chromosome 8, ish t(4;8)(8p + ,4q + ;4p + ,8q +). In conclusion, all the patients inherited chromosomes 8 with 4p16.3p15.2 duplication and 8p23.3p23.2 deletion from their parental balanced translocation, which might be the cause of the prevalence of intellectual disability. Meanwhile, 8p23.3p23.2 deletion, rather than 4p16.3p15.2 duplication might cause a more severe clinical syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Hao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China.,General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Postgraduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 83. Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Li
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Postgraduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 83. Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiliang Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxing Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexin Yu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China. .,General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Postgraduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 83. Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Brereton RE, Nickerson SL, Woodward KJ, Edwards T, Sivamoorthy S, Ramos Vasques Walters F, Chabros V, Marchin V, Grumball T, Kennedy D, Uzaraga J, Peverall J, Arscott G, Beilby J, Choong CS, Townshend S, Azmanov DN. Further heterogeneity in Silver-Russell syndrome: PLAG1 deletion in association with a complex chromosomal rearrangement. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:3136-3145. [PMID: 34223693 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a rare genetic condition primarily characterized by growth restriction and facial dysmorphisms. While hypomethylation of H19/IGF2:IG-DMR (imprinting control region 1 [IC1]) located at 11p15.5 and maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (upd[7]mat) are the most common genetic mechanisms responsible for SRS, the expanding body of literature describing alternative causative variants suggests SRS is a highly heterogeneous condition, also involving variation in the HMGA2-PLAG1-IGF2 pathway. We report a familial PLAG1 deletion in association with a complex chromosomal rearrangement. We describe two siblings with differing unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements inherited from a mother with a 5-breakpoint balanced complex rearrangement involving chromosomes 2, 8, and 21. The overlapping but diverse phenotypes in the siblings were characterized by shared SRS-like features, underlined by a PLAG1 whole gene deletion. Genetic analysis and interpretation was further complicated by a meiotic recombination event occurring in one of the siblings. This family adds to the limited literature available on PLAG1-related SRS. We have reviewed all currently known cases aiming to define the associated phenotype and guide future genetic testing strategies. The heterogeneity of SRS is further expanded by the involvement of complex cytogenomic abnormalities, imposing requirements for a comprehensive approach to testing and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Brereton
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah L Nickerson
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karen J Woodward
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tracey Edwards
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Soruba Sivamoorthy
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fabiana Ramos Vasques Walters
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vicki Chabros
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vanessa Marchin
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tanya Grumball
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dagmara Kennedy
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joan Uzaraga
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne Peverall
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gillian Arscott
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John Beilby
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,The University of Western Australia School of Biomedical Sciences, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine S Choong
- Department of Endocrinology, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Paediatrics, Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sharron Townshend
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dimitar N Azmanov
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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13
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Chen CP, Ko TM, Wang LK, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chen SW, Wu FT, Chen LF, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis of partial monosomy 8p (8p23.2→pter) and partial trisomy 15q (15q21.2→qter) and incidental detection of a familial chromosome translocation of paternal origin in a pregnancy associated with increased nuchal translucency and an abnormal maternal serum screening result. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 60:775-777. [PMID: 34247824 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present partial monosomy 8p (8p23.2→pter) and partial trisomy 15q (15q21.2→qter) and incidental detection of a familial chromosome translocation of paternal origin in a pregnancy associated with increased nuchal translucency (NT) and an abnormal maternal serum screening result. CASE REPORT A 29-year-old primigravid woman underwent chorionic villus sampling (CVS) at 13 weeks of gestation because of an increased NT thickness of 3.2 mm at 12 weeks of gestation and an abnormal maternal serum screening for Down syndrome result with a calculated risk of 1/29. Her husband was 33 years old, and there was no family history of congenital malformations. CVS revealed a derived chromosome 8 or der(8). Cytogenetic analysis of the parents revealed a karyotype of 46,XY,t(8;15)(p21.3;q13) in the father and a karyotype of 46,XX in the mother. The CVS result was 46,XY,der(8)t(8;15)(p21.3;q13)pat. The woman requested for amniocentesis at 16 weeks of gestation. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis on the DNA extracted from uncultured amniocytes revealed a result of arr 8p23.3p23.2 (191,530-2,625,470) × 1.0, arr 15q21.2q26.3 (50,903,432-102,338,129) × 3.0 with a 2.434-Mb deletion of 8p23.3-p23.2 including DLGAP2, CLN8 and ARHGEF10, and a 51.435-Mb duplication of 15q21.2-q26.3 including CYP19A1 and IGF1R. Conventional cytogenetic analysis of cultured amniocytes revealed the result of 46,XY,der(8) t(8;15)(p23.2;q21.2)pat in the fetus. The pregnancy was subsequently terminated, and a malformed fetus was delivered with characteristic craniofacial dysmorphism. CONCLUSION Maternal serum screening and NT screening may incidentally detect familial unbalanced reciprocal translocations, and aCGH analysis is useful for a precise determination of the breakpoints of the translocation and the involvement of the related genes under such a circumstance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tsang-Ming Ko
- Genephile Bioscience Laboratory, Ko's Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Schu-Rern Chern
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shin-Wen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Tzu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Feng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayseen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Catusi I, Garzo M, Capra AP, Briuglia S, Baldo C, Canevini MP, Cantone R, Elia F, Forzano F, Galesi O, Grosso E, Malacarne M, Peron A, Romano C, Saccani M, Larizza L, Recalcati MP. 8p23.2-pter Microdeletions: Seven New Cases Narrowing the Candidate Region and Review of the Literature. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050652. [PMID: 33925474 PMCID: PMC8146486 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To date only five patients with 8p23.2-pter microdeletions manifesting a mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment and/or developmental delay, dysmorphisms and neurobehavioral issues were reported. The smallest microdeletion described by Wu in 2010 suggested a critical region (CR) of 2.1 Mb including several genes, out of which FBXO25, DLGAP2, CLN8, ARHGEF10 and MYOM2 are the main candidates. Here we present seven additional patients with 8p23.2-pter microdeletions, ranging from 71.79 kb to 4.55 Mb. The review of five previously reported and nine Decipher patients confirmed the association of the CR with a variable clinical phenotype characterized by intellectual disability/developmental delay, including language and speech delay and/or motor impairment, behavioral anomalies, autism spectrum disorder, dysmorphisms, microcephaly, fingers/toes anomalies and epilepsy. Genotype analysis allowed to narrow down the 8p23.3 candidate region which includes only DLGAP2, CLN8 and ARHGEF10 genes, accounting for the main signs of the broad clinical phenotype associated to 8p23.2-pter microdeletions. This region is more restricted compared to the previously proposed CR. Overall, our data favor the hypothesis that DLGAP2 is the actual strongest candidate for neurodevelopmental/behavioral phenotypes. Additional patients will be necessary to validate the pathogenic role of DLGAP2 and better define how the two contiguous genes, ARHGEF10 and CLN8, might contribute to the clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Catusi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Garzo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Capra
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Silvana Briuglia
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara Baldo
- UOC Laboratorio di Genetica Umana, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Canevini
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit-Epilepsy Center, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Rachele Cantone
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Flaviana Elia
- Unit of Psychology, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Francesca Forzano
- Clinical Genetics Department, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ornella Galesi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Enrico Grosso
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Michela Malacarne
- UOC Laboratorio di Genetica Umana, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Angela Peron
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit-Epilepsy Center, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Human Pathology and Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Corrado Romano
- Unit of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Monica Saccani
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit-Epilepsy Center, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Recalcati
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, 20145 Milan, Italy
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15
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46,XY,r(8)/45,XY,-8 Mosaicism as a Possible Mechanism of the Imprinted Birk-Barel Syndrome: A Case Study. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121473. [PMID: 33316910 PMCID: PMC7763634 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring chromosome 8 (r(8)) is one of the least frequent ring chromosomes. Usually, maternal chromosome 8 forms a ring, which can be lost from cells due to mitotic instability. The 8q24 region contains the imprinted KCNK9 gene, which is expressed from the maternal allele. Heterozygous KCNK9 mutations are associated with the imprinting disorder Birk-Barel syndrome. Here, we report a 2.5-year-old boy with developmental delay, microcephaly, dysmorphic features, diffuse muscle hypotonia, feeding problems, motor alalia and noncoarse neurogenic type of disturbance of muscle electrogenesis, partially overlapping with Birk-Barel syndrome phenotype. Cytogenetic analysis of lymphocytes revealed his karyotype to be 46,XY,r(8)(p23q24.3)[27]/45,XY,−8[3]. A de novo 7.9 Mb terminal 8p23.3p23.1 deletion, a 27.1 Mb 8p23.1p11.22 duplication, and a 4.4 Mb intact segment with a normal copy number located between them, as well as a 154-kb maternal LINGO2 gene deletion (9p21.2) with unknown clinical significance were identified by aCGH + SNP array. These aberrations were confirmed by real-time PCR. According to FISH analysis, the 8p23.1-p11.22 duplication was inverted. The ring chromosome originated from maternal chromosome 8. Targeted massive parallel sequencing did not reveal the KCNK9 mutations associated with Birk-Barel syndrome. Our data allow to assume that autosomal monosomy with inactive allele of imprinted gene arising from the loss of a ring chromosome in some somatic cells may be an etiological mechanism of mosaic imprinting disorders, presumably with less severe phenotype.
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16
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8p23.2p22 deletion: a case report of a large deletion encompassing 8p23.1 with additional clinical features. Clin Dysmorphol 2020; 29:207-209. [PMID: 32740052 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Lange S, Pinotsis N, Agarkova I, Ehler E. The M-band: The underestimated part of the sarcomere. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118440. [PMID: 30738787 PMCID: PMC7023976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The sarcomere is the basic unit of the myofibrils, which mediate skeletal and cardiac Muscle contraction. Two transverse structures, the Z-disc and the M-band, anchor the thin (actin and associated proteins) and thick (myosin and associated proteins) filaments to the elastic filament system composed of titin. A plethora of proteins are known to be integral or associated proteins of the Z-disc and its structural and signalling role in muscle is better understood, while the molecular constituents of the M-band and its function are less well defined. Evidence discussed here suggests that the M-band is important for managing force imbalances during active muscle contraction. Its molecular composition is fine-tuned, especially as far as the structural linkers encoded by members of the myomesin family are concerned and depends on the specific mechanical characteristics of each particular muscle fibre type. Muscle activity signals from the M-band to the nucleus and affects transcription of sarcomeric genes, especially via serum response factor (SRF). Due to its important role as shock absorber in contracting muscle, the M-band is also more and more recognised as a contributor to muscle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Lange
- Biomedical Research Facility 2, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Medical Sciences Research Bldg, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613C, USA; University of Gothenburg, Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nikos Pinotsis
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Irina Agarkova
- InSphero, Wagistrasse 27, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK; School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Research Excellence Centre, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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18
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Csmd2 Is a Synaptic Transmembrane Protein that Interacts with PSD-95 and Is Required for Neuronal Maturation. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0434-18.2019. [PMID: 31068362 PMCID: PMC6506821 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0434-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations and copy number variants of the CUB and Sushi multiple domains 2 (CSMD2) gene are associated with neuropsychiatric disease. CSMD2 encodes a single-pass transmembrane protein with a large extracellular domain comprising repeats of CUB and Sushi domains. High expression of CSMD2 in the developing and mature brain suggests possible roles in neuron development or function, but the cellular functions of CSMD2 are not known. In this study, we show that mouse Csmd2 is expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the forebrain. Csmd2 protein exhibits a somatodendritic localization in the neocortex and hippocampus, with smaller puncta localizing to the neuropil. Using immunohistochemical and biochemical methods, we demonstrate that Csmd2 localizes to dendritic spines and is enriched in the postsynaptic density (PSD). Accordingly, we show that the cytoplasmic tail domain of Csmd2 interacts with synaptic scaffolding proteins of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family. The association between Csmd2 and MAGUK member PSD-95 is dependent on a PDZ-binding domain on the Csmd2 tail, which is also required for synaptic targeting of Csmd2. Finally, we show that knock-down of Csmd2 expression in hippocampal neuron cultures results in reduced complexity of dendritic arbors and deficits in dendritic spine density. Knock-down of Csmd2 in immature developing neurons results in reduced filopodia density, whereas Csmd2 knock-down in mature neurons causes significant reductions in dendritic spine density and dendrite complexity. Together, these results point toward a function for Csmd2 in development and maintenance of dendrites and synapses, which may account for its association with certain psychiatric disorders.
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19
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Partial Trisomy of Chromosome 13 with a Novel Translocation (8 ; 13) and Unique Clinical Presentation in a Palestinian Infant. Case Rep Med 2019; 2019:4561761. [PMID: 30936921 PMCID: PMC6413401 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4561761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial trisomy 13 is a rare syndrome that usually culminates in death within the first six months of the infant's life. We present a rare case of partial trisomy 13q with exclusive clinical manifestations. The full-term male baby was born by normal vaginal delivery, his birth weight was 3500 grams, and head circumference was 30 cm. He had dysmorphic features in the form of microcephaly, trigonocephaly, depressed nose bridge, hypotelorism, long philtrum, high arch palate, left-sided inguinal hernia, hydrocele, and laryngomalacia. He was operated for pyloric stenosis at the age of 28 days. He also had left-sided severe pelvic-ureteral junction stenosis which was repaired by nephrostomy followed by pyeloplasty. Furthermore, he had right-sided vesicoureteral reflux grade III, right-sided hydronephrosis, small ventricular septum defect, small atrial septum defect, left lung lower lobe sequestration, and craniosynostosis of metopic suture. The baby had global developmental delay and failure to thrive. Cytogenetic study showed a 46,XY, der(8)t(8;13)(p23;q14) karyotype, emphasizing a partial trisomy 13q syndrome with a concomitant partial monosomy in 8p. The baby passed away, in the intensive care unit, at the age of 7 months due to respiratory failure resulting from recurrent chest infections. This is the first reported case of a partial trisomy 13q associated with chromosome 8 with unique clinical presentations. Cytogenetic study for both parents is recommended in order to pinpoint the origin of the translocation and to provide the proper counseling for the family.
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