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Ferrão M, Hanken J, Oda FH, Campião KM, Penhacek M, Anjos S, Rodrigues DJ. A new snouted treefrog (Anura, Hylidae, Scinax) from fluvial islands of the Juruena River, southern Brazilian Amazonia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292441. [PMID: 38295055 PMCID: PMC10830056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Southern Amazonia is one of the less-explored regions by anuran taxonomists. We describe a small new species of snouted treefrog, genus Scinax, from this region, from a fluvial archipelago in the Juruena River, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The description is based on external morphology of adults and tadpoles, advertisement call and molecular data. The species is phylogenetically related to other snouted treefrogs of the Scinax cruentomma species group and shows the most southeastern distribution in Amazonia among its close relatives. It is distinguished from congeners mainly by its larger adult body size and bilobate vocal sac that reaches the level of the pectoral fold, a reddish-brown horizontal stripe on the iris, dark melanophores or blotches on the vocal sac and the throat of females, and the uniformly brown posterior portion of the thigh. The advertisement call comprises one pulsed note emitted at regular intervals, with a duration of 189-227 ms, 30-35 pulses/note and a dominant frequency of 2,250-2,344 Hz. The type locality is suffering several environmental impacts, including illegal mining, overfishing, unsustainable agriculture, uncontrolled logging and degradation associated with the construction of new hydroelectric dams. Further study of the biology and regional distribution of the new species is required to propose mitigation measures needed for its conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquéias Ferrão
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - James Hanken
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fabrício H. Oda
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Biociências, Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karla M. Campião
- Departamento de Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcos Penhacek
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Samuel Anjos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Domingo J. Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Acervo Biológico da Amazônia Meridional, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Ferrão M, Hanken J, Lima AP. A new nurse frog of the Allobates tapajos species complex (Anura: Aromobatidae) from the upper Madeira River, Brazilian Amazonia. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13751. [PMID: 35942125 PMCID: PMC9356586 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptic diversity is extremely common in widespread Amazonian anurans, but especially in nurse frogs of the genus Allobates. There is an urgent need to formally describe the many distinct but unnamed species, both to enable studies of their basic biology but especially to facilitate conservation of threatened environments in which many are found. Here, we describe through integrative taxonomy a new species of the Allobates tapajos species complex from the upper Madeira River, southwestern Amazonia. Species delimitation analyses based on molecular data are congruent and delimit five candidate species in addition to A. tapajos sensu stricto. The new species is recovered as sister to A. tapajos clade F, a candidate species from Teles-Pires River, southeastern Amazonia. The new species differs from nominal congeners in adult and larval morphology and in male advertisement call. Egg deposition sites differ between east and west banks of the upper Madeira River, but there is no evidence of corresponding morphologic or bioacoustic differentiation. The new species appears to be restricted to riparian forests; its known geographic range falls entirely within the influence zone of reservoirs of two large dams, which underscores the urgent need of a conservation assessment through long-term monitoring. This region harbors the richest assemblage of Allobates reported for Brazilian Amazonia, with six nominal species and four additional candidate species awaiting formal description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquéias Ferrão
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - James Hanken
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Albertina P. Lima
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Freitas TMB, Abreu JMS, Sampaio I, Piorski NM, Weber LN. Molecular data reveal multiple lineages of Scinax nebulosus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Hylidae) with Plio-Pleistocene diversification in different Brazilian regions. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20200733. [PMID: 35544846 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220200733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the organism's history, we can start assessing the complexity of the biome where they occur. In this study, we used a region of the mitochondrial genome, the rRNA 16S, to evaluate the genetic differentiation in Scinax nebulosus along with its geographical range highlighting important Brazilian biomes as Restinga, Cerrado, Amazon, and Atlantic Forest. Geographically structured genetic divergence was observed within the species S. nebulosus. The values of the fixation index (Фst) and the pairwise Fst index were high and significant regarding this structuring. Besides, the haplotype network corroborates these results with the haplotypes arrangement found by separating the S. nebulosus populations in two major groups: North and Northeast. The lineage delimitation analyses indicate the occurrence of several lineages with divergence mainly between the samples from the Northeast group. Thus, we can suggest that S. nebulosus may present itself as a group of cryptic species due to the genetic characteristics found. The existence of a mosaic of heterogeneous habitats may explain the genetic divergence found, which justifies the existence of cryptic species in this group. However, this hypothesis needs more detail in molecular studies, including large sample sizes and other population and demographic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M B Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Departamento de Biologia, Grupo de Taxonomia, Biogeografia, Ecologia e Conservação de Peixes do Maranhão, Laboratório de Ecologia e Sistemática de Peixes, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Campus do Bacanga, 65080-805 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - João M S Abreu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Departamento de Biologia, Grupo de Taxonomia, Biogeografia, Ecologia e Conservação de Peixes do Maranhão, Laboratório de Ecologia e Sistemática de Peixes, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Campus do Bacanga, 65080-805 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Biologia Ambiental (PPBA), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Instituto de Estudos Costeiros (IECOS), Grupo de Estudos em Genética e Filogenômica, Laboratório e Filogenomica e Bioinformatica, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, s/n, Campus de Bragança, Aldeia, 68600-000 Bragança, PA, Brazil
| | - Nivaldo M Piorski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Departamento de Biologia, Grupo de Taxonomia, Biogeografia, Ecologia e Conservação de Peixes do Maranhão, Laboratório de Ecologia e Sistemática de Peixes, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Campus do Bacanga, 65080-805 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Luiz N Weber
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia (UFSB), Instituto Sosígenes Costa de Humanidades, Artes e Ciências, Centro de Formação em Ciências Ambientais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Grupo Biodiversidade da Fauna do Sul da Bahia, Laboratório de Zoologia, Rod. Porto Seguro, BR 367, Km 10, Eunápolis, 45810-000 Porto Seguro, BA, Brazil
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Ferrão M, de Souza RA, Colatreli OP, Hanken J, Lima AP. Hidden in the litter: cryptic diversity of the leaf-litter toad Rhinella castaneotica– proboscidea complex revealed through integrative taxonomy, with description of a new species from south-western Amazonia. SYST BIODIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2039317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miquéias Ferrão
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Romildo Augusto de Souza
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Olavo Pinhatti Colatreli
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - James Hanken
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Albertina Pimentel Lima
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Moraes-da-Silva A, Walterman S, Citeli N, Nunes PM, Curcio FF. A new oviparous species of Helicops Wagler, 1828 (Serpentes, Xenodontinae) from Brazilian Amazonia with reflections on the evolution of viviparity among hydropsine watersnakes. ZOOL ANZ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rojas-Padilla O, Menezes VQ, Dias IR, Argôlo AJS, Solé M, Orrico VGD. Amphibians and reptiles of Parque Nacional da Serra das Lontras: an important center of endemism within the Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia, Brazil. Zookeys 2020; 1002:159-185. [PMID: 33363431 PMCID: PMC7746662 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1002.53988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Information gaps about species distribution hamper the evaluation of conservation status and decisions on biodiversity conservation, affecting to a greater extent, areas with high species richness and endemism. In this context, biological inventories are an important tool to fill these gaps by providing data on the composition, richness, and abundance of species in each locality. The Parque Nacional da Serra das Lontras (PNSL) protects various mountain range just up 1000 m. in altitude, and, together with other conservation units, forms an ecological corridor in the southern part of the state of Bahia, within the Atlantic Forest hotspot. We conducted systematic samplings on transects, and opportunistic records in ponds and streams, in order to record amphibian and reptile species in the PNSL. We complement the sampling with the information available in the literature and in scientific collections. A total of 100 species (49 amphibians and 51 reptiles) was recorded, 53 of them endemic to the Atlantic Forest, 13 to the state of Bahia, and two known only from the PNSL. Hylidae was the most diverse family of amphibians (22 spp.) and Colubridae of reptiles (33 spp.). New information on the distribution and natural history of these species is provided, many of which have not yet been assessed by the IUCN while others have already been categorized as at risk of extinction at the regional level. Results confirm the high species richness and rates of endemism in southern Bahia and highlight the importance of protecting high altitude areas for the preservation of evolutionary and ecological processes within the Atlantic Forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rojas-Padilla
- Laboratório de Herpetologia Tropical, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Ilhéus Brazil.,Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Vinícius Queiroz Menezes
- Laboratório de Herpetologia Tropical, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Ilhéus Brazil
| | - Iuri Ribeiro Dias
- Laboratório de Herpetologia Tropical, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Ilhéus Brazil
| | - Antônio Jorge Suzart Argôlo
- Laboratório de Herpetologia Tropical, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Ilhéus Brazil
| | - Mirco Solé
- Laboratório de Herpetologia Tropical, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Ilhéus Brazil.,Herpetology Section, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Bonn Germany
| | - Victor Goyannes Dill Orrico
- Laboratório de Herpetologia Tropical, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Ilhéus Brazil
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7
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Torralvo K, Magnusson WE, Durgante F. Effectiveness of Fourier transform near‐infrared spectroscopy spectra for species identification of anurans fixed in formaldehyde and conserved in alcohol: A new tool for integrative taxonomy. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Torralvo
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brasil
| | - William E. Magnusson
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
| | - Flávia Durgante
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Botânica Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brasil
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology Department of Wetland Ecology Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT) Rastatt Germany
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8
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Lima AP, Ferrão M, Lacerda da Silva D. Not as widespread as thought: Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in the Amazonian nurse frog
Allobates tinae
Melo‐Sampaio, Oliveira and Prates, 2018 and description of a new species. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albertina Pimentel Lima
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - Miquéias Ferrão
- Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Amazonas Brazil
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Baldo D, Araujo-Vieira K, Cardozo D, Borteiro C, Leal F, Pereyra MO, Kolenc F, Lyra ML, Garcia PCA, Haddad CFB, Faivovich J. A review of the elusive bicolored iris Snouted Treefrogs (Anura: Hylidae:Scinax uruguayus group). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222131. [PMID: 31553727 PMCID: PMC6760762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Scinax currently includes more than 120 species, recovered in two major clades, the S. catharinae and the S. ruber clades. The latter comprises 75 species, most of which remain unassigned to any species groups, while 12 are included in the S. rostratus and S. uruguayus groups. In this paper we present a taxonomic review of the two species currently included in the S. uruguayus group, discussing some putative phenotypic synapomorphies of this group. Although S. pinima and S. uruguayus have been considered as distinct species, this has been based on scant evidence, and several authors doubted of their distinctiveness. Our study of available specimens of S. pinima and S. uruguayus corroborates that both are valid and diagnosable species based on phenotypic evidence. Furthermore, our results show that S. pinima previously known only from its type locality, has a much widespread distribution than previously thought (including the Brazilian states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul), which, added to the biological information presented here allows to suggest the removal of this species from the "Data Deficient" IUCN Red List category to "Least Concern". Also, we describe a new species formerly reported as S. aff. pinima and S. uruguayus from NE Argentina and some localities from the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul. All species are diagnosed and characterized using adult and larval morphology, osteology, vocalizations, cytogenetics, and natural history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Baldo
- Laboratório de Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología Subtropical “Claudio Juan Bidau” (CONICET-UNaM), Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Katyuscia Araujo-Vieira
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”—CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dario Cardozo
- Laboratório de Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología Subtropical “Claudio Juan Bidau” (CONICET-UNaM), Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Claudio Borteiro
- Sección Herpetología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Leal
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Martín O. Pereyra
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”—CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Kolenc
- Sección Herpetología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana L. Lyra
- Departamento de Zoologia and Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. A. Garcia
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Célio F. B. Haddad
- Departamento de Zoologia and Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julián Faivovich
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”—CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lopes AG, Lee Bang D, Giaretta AA. Revisiting the advertisement call features of Scinax montivagus (Anura: Hylidae). NEOTROPICAL BIODIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2019.1646065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- André Gomes Lopes
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, Laboratório de Taxonomia e Sistemática de Anuros Neotropicais, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Ituiutaba, Brazil
| | - Davi Lee Bang
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, Laboratório de Taxonomia e Sistemática de Anuros Neotropicais, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Ituiutaba, Brazil
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Laboratório de Zoologia de Vertebrados, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia/FFCLRP, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ariovaldo Antonio Giaretta
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, Laboratório de Taxonomia e Sistemática de Anuros Neotropicais, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Ituiutaba, Brazil
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11
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New Species ofScinax(Anura: Hylidae) with Red-Striped Eyes from Brazilian Amazonia. J HERPETOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1670/17-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Ferrão M, de Fraga R, Moravec J, Kaefer IL, Lima AP. A new species of Amazonian snouted treefrog (Hylidae: Scinax) with description of a novel species-habitat association for an aquatic breeding frog. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4321. [PMID: 29441233 PMCID: PMC5808318 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Scinax is one of the most specious genera of treefrogs of the family Hylidae. Despite the high number of potential new species of Scinax revealed in recent studies, the rate of species descriptions for Amazonia has been low in the last decade. A potential cause of this low rate may be the existence of morphologically cryptic species. Describing new species may not only impact the taxonomy and systematics of a group of organisms but also benefit other fields of biology. Ecological studies conducted in megadiverse regions, such as Amazonia, often meet challenging questions concerning insufficient knowledge of organismal alpha taxonomy. Due to that, detecting species-habitat associations is dependent on our ability to properly identify species. In this study, we first provide a description of a new species (including its tadpoles) of the genus Scinax distributed along heterogeneous landscapes in southern Amazonia; and secondly assess the influence of environmental heterogeneity on the new species' abundance and distribution. Scinax ruberoculatus sp. nov. differs from all nominal congeners by its small size (SVL 22.6-25.9 mm in males and 25.4-27.5 mm in females), by having a dark brown spot on the head and scapular region shaped mainly like the moth Copiopteryx semiramis (or a human molar in lateral view, or a triangle), bicolored reddish and grey iris, snout truncate in dorsal view, bilobate vocal sac in males, by its advertisement call consisting of a single pulsed note with duration of 0.134-0.331 s, 10-23 pulses per note, and dominant frequency 1,809-1,895 Hz. Both occurrence and abundance of the new species are significantly influenced by silt content in the soil. This finding brings the first evidence that edaphic factors influence species-habitat association in Amazonian aquatic breeding frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquéias Ferrão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rafael de Fraga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jiří Moravec
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Igor L. Kaefer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Albertina P. Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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