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Laryea MK, Sheringham Borquaye L. Antimalarial, Antioxidant, and Toxicological Evaluation of Extracts of Celtis africana, Grosseria vignei, Physalis micrantha, and Stachytarpheta angustifolia. Biochem Res Int 2021; 2021:9971857. [PMID: 34258066 PMCID: PMC8245231 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9971857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In many parts of the world, malaria undoubtedly poses a serious threat to health care systems. Malaria treatment has increasingly become complicated, primarily due to the emergence of widespread resistance of the malaria parasites to cheap and affordable malaria therapeutics. The use of herbal remedies to treat various ailments, including malaria and malaria-like ailments in Ghana is common. We herein report on the antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities as well as toxicological evaluation of four medicinal plants (Celtis africana, Grosseria vignei, Physalis micrantha, and Stachytarpheta angustifolia) commonly used to treat malaria in Ghana. Following Soxhlet extraction of plant samples in ethanol, extracts were screened against Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 strain) in an in vitro antiplasmodial assay. The phosphomolybdenum and DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl) assays were used to evaluate antioxidant activities while toxicity assessment was carried out in mice using the acute toxicity test and kidney and liver function tests. Extracts from Celtis africana and Physalis micrantha were very active towards the parasites with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50's) of 29.1 and 3.5 µg/mL, respectively. Extracts of Grosseria vignei and Stachytarpheta angustifolia were inactive, having IC50 values greater than 50 µg/mL. All extracts exhibited excellent total antioxidant capacities (>800 mg/g AAE) and good DPPH radical scavenging potential (IC50 range of 300-900 µg/mL). The median lethal dose (LD50) of all extracts in the toxicological evaluation was greater than 2000 mg/kg and there was no effect of extracts on the levels and activities of key biomarkers of liver and kidney function. The activities of these plants obtained in this study partly give credence to their folkloric use in herbal medicines and suggest that they could provide promising lead compounds for malaria drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Konney Laryea
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lawrence Sheringham Borquaye
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Central Laboratory, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Liu P, Shi L, Cang X, Huang J, Wu X, Yan J, Chen L, Cui S, Ye X. CtBP2 ameliorates palmitate-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells through ROS mediated JNK pathway. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 247:66-73. [PMID: 28111233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the development of hepatic insulin resistance, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we discovered that C-terminal-binding protein 2 (CtBP2) level was decreased in insulin resistance. Taking into account the relationship between CtBP family protein (ANGUSTIFOLIA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, we conjectured CtBP2 was involved in insulin resistance through ROS induced stress. In order to verify this hypothesis, we over-expressed CtBP2 in palmitate (PA) treated HepG2 cells. Here, we found that over-expression of CtBP2 ameliorated insulin sensitivity by increasing phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and protein kinase B (AKT). These data suggest that CtBP2 plays a critical role in the development of insulin resistance. Moreover, CtBP2 reversed the effects of PA on ROS level, lipid accumulation, hepatic glucose uptake and gluconeogenesis. We also found that over-expression of CtBP2 could suppress PA induced c-jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Furthermore, JNK inhibitor SP600125 was shown to promote the effect of CtBP2 on insulin signaling. Thus, we demonstrated that CtBP2 ameliorated PA-induced insulin resistance via ROS-dependent JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingli Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second People's Hospital of Changzhou City, 29 Xinglong Lane, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Cang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieru Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwei Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinhua Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second People's Hospital of Changzhou City, 29 Xinglong Lane, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Nasri H, Shirzad H, Baradaran A, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Antioxidant plants and diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 20:491-502. [PMID: 26487879 PMCID: PMC4590205 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.163977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing rapidly and it is expected to increase by 2030. Other than currently available therapeutic options, there are a lot of herbal medicines, which have been recommended for its treatment. Herbal medicines have long been used for the treatment of DM because of the advantage usually having no or less side-effects. Most of these plants have antioxidant activities and hence, prevent or treat hard curable diseases, other than having the property of combating the toxicity of toxic or other drugs. In this review other than presenting new findings of DM, the plants, which are used and have been evaluated scientifically for the treatment of DM are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Nasri
- Department of Nephrology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Sharekord, Iran
| | - Azar Baradaran
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Amraie E, Farsani MK, Sadeghi L, Khan TN, Babadi VY, Adavi Z. The effects of aqueous extract of alfalfa on blood glucose and lipids in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Interv Med Appl Sci 2015; 7:124-8. [PMID: 26525173 DOI: 10.1556/1646.7.2015.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder that is specified by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The use of nonpharmacological treatments (herbal agents) is a new approach in the management of diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of alfalfa on blood glucose and serum lipids in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In this study, 32 female rats (210-250 g) were used which were divided randomly into 4 groups including intact control group, diabetic control group, and 2 diabetic groups which received 250 and 500 mg/kg doses of aqueous extract of alfalfa, respectively. In the diabetic groups, alloxan-monohydrate was injected peritoneally to create diabetic condition. The two last groups orally received aqueous extract of alfalfa for 21 days. At the end of experiment, sugar, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density and low-density lipoprotein, and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) and alanine aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured in the samples. Consumption of aqueous alfalfa extract significantly reduced glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in the diabetic rats but enhanced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. ALT and AST liver enzyme levels were also reduced in blood. Histological examination showed that the aqueous alfalfa extract caused reconstruction of damaged liver and enhanced Langerhans islets' diameter in pancreas. Therefore, all signs of diabetes were improved by oral administration of alfalfa in defined dose.
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Ezuruike UF, Prieto JM. The use of plants in the traditional management of diabetes in Nigeria: pharmacological and toxicological considerations. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:857-924. [PMID: 24929108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The prevalence of diabetes is on a steady increase worldwide and it is now identified as one of the main threats to human health in the 21st century. In Nigeria, the use of herbal medicine alone or alongside prescription drugs for its management is quite common. We hereby carry out a review of medicinal plants traditionally used for diabetes management in Nigeria. Based on the available evidence on the species׳ pharmacology and safety, we highlight ways in which their therapeutic potential can be properly harnessed for possible integration into the country׳s healthcare system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical information was obtained from a literature search of electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus up to 2013 for publications on medicinal plants used in diabetes management, in which the place of use and/or sample collection was identified as Nigeria. 'Diabetes' and 'Nigeria' were used as keywords for the primary searches; and then 'Plant name - accepted or synonyms', 'Constituents', 'Drug interaction' and/or 'Toxicity' for the secondary searches. RESULTS The hypoglycemic effect of over a hundred out of the 115 plants reviewed in this paper is backed by preclinical experimental evidence, either in vivo or in vitro. One-third of the plants have been studied for their mechanism of action, while isolation of the bioactive constituent(s) has been accomplished for twenty three plants. Some plants showed specific organ toxicity, mostly nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic, with direct effects on the levels of some liver function enzymes. Twenty eight plants have been identified as in vitro modulators of P-glycoprotein and/or one or more of the cytochrome P450 enzymes, while eleven plants altered the levels of phase 2 metabolic enzymes, chiefly glutathione, with the potential to alter the pharmacokinetics of co-administered drugs. CONCLUSION This review, therefore, provides a useful resource to enable a thorough assessment of the profile of plants used in diabetes management so as to ensure a more rational use. By anticipating potential toxicities or possible herb-drug interactions, significant risks which would otherwise represent a burden on the country׳s healthcare system can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udoamaka F Ezuruike
- Center for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom.
| | - Jose M Prieto
- Center for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom.
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Hung HY, Qian K, Morris-Natschke SL, Hsu CS, Lee KH. Recent discovery of plant-derived anti-diabetic natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:580-606. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np00074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kumar S, Malhotra R, Kumar D. Antidiabetic and Free Radicals Scavenging Potential of Euphorbia hirta Flower Extract. Indian J Pharm Sci 2010; 72:533-7. [PMID: 21218075 PMCID: PMC3013561 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.73921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate antidiabetic and in vitro free radicals scavenging effects of flower extract of Euphorbia hirta. The ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg) were orally tested for 21 days in alloxan induced diabetic mice and blood glucose level was measured with glucometer. Administration of extract resulted in significant reduction in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase levels but high density lipoprotein levels and total proteins were found to be increased after treatments. Free radicals scavenging effect of ethanolic extract was also evaluated by various antioxidant assays, including 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, and reducing power assay. It was compared with standard antioxidants compounds such as butylated hydroxyl anisole and ascorbic acid. All the extracts showed antioxidant activity in all the tested methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136 119, India
| | - R. Malhotra
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136 119, India
| | - D. Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136 119, India
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Awah FM, Uzoegwu PN, Oyugi JO, Rutherford J, Ifeonu P, Yao XJ, Fowke KR, Eze MO. Free radical scavenging activity and immunomodulatory effect of Stachytarpheta angustifolia leaf extract. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Asgary S, Parkhideh S, Solhpour A, Madani H, Mahzouni P, Rahimi P. Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Juglans regia L. on Blood Sugar in Diabetes-Induced Rats. J Med Food 2008; 11:533-8. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2007.0611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Asgary
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Applied Physiology Research Center, affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sahar Parkhideh
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Applied Physiology Research Center, affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirreza Solhpour
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Applied Physiology Research Center, affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Madani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvin Mahzouni
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parivash Rahimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
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