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Mustika A, Fatimah N, Safitri I, Susanti N, Noor NS. Clinacanthus nutans L Extracts Reduce the Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Malondialdehyde, and Interleukin-6 Levels and Improve the Langerhans Islet Area in Diabetic Rat Models. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 16:11795514231196462. [PMID: 37694133 PMCID: PMC10492484 DOI: 10.1177/11795514231196462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus-induced hyperglycemia increases oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production, which play a significant role in the damage and apoptosis of pancreatic β cells. Therefore, the administration of medications that can reduce oxidative stress and inflammation plays an important role in diabetes treatment. Objective To probe the Clinacanthus nutans leaf extract effect on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers and the Langerhans islet area in diabetic rat models. Design An experimental laboratory in the animal model. Methods Twenty-five diabetic rat models were randomly assigned into 5 clusters. Clusters 1, 2, and 3 were administered with C. nutans leaf extract in aqueous suspension with vehicle 1% Na-CMC at 75 mg/kg body weight (BW), 150 mg/kg BW, and 300 mg/kg BW, respectively. Cluster 4 was diabetic control rats administered with metformin at a 21 mg/rat dose. Cluster 5 was a control diabetic rat only administered with 1% Na-CMC suspension. Treatment was administered orally for 14 days. On the 15th day, the rats were sacrificed to obtain blood samples and pancreatic tissues. Serum interleukin (IL)-6, malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Histopathological examination was performed by counting the Langerhans islet areas. Results The average IL-6, MDA, and TNF-α levels declined in the cluster receiving C. nutans extract and were significantly different from the untreated cluster (P < .05). Histopathological examination revealed a significant upsurge in the Langerhans islets area in diabetic rats receiving C. nutans extract at doses of 75 and 150 mg/kg (P < .05). Conclusion C. nutans leaf extract reduced the serum MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, and increased the Langerhans islets area in a diabetic rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arifa Mustika
- Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nurmawati Fatimah
- Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Indri Safitri
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nurlaili Susanti
- Biomedical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Shahfiza Noor
- Toxicology Department, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Goess R, Mutgan AC, Çalışan U, Erdoğan YC, Ren L, Jäger C, Safak O, Stupakov P, Istvanffy R, Friess H, Ceyhan GO, Demir IE. Patterns and Relevance of Langerhans Islet Invasion in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020249. [PMID: 33440856 PMCID: PMC7826785 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer-associated diabetes mellitus (PC-DM) is present in most patients with pancreatic cancer, but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to characterize tumor infiltration in Langerhans islets in pancreatic cancer and determine its clinical relevance. METHODS Langerhans islet invasion was systematically analyzed in 68 patientswith pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) using histopathological examination and 3D in vitro migration assays were performed to assess chemoattraction of pancreatic cancer cells to isletcells. RESULTS Langerhans islet invasion was present in all patients. We found four different patterns of islet invasion: (Type I) peri-insular invasion with tumor cells directly touching the boundary, but not penetrating the islet; (Type II) endo-insular invasion with tumor cells inside the round islet; (Type III) distorted islet structure with complete loss of the round islet morphology; and (Type IV)adjacent cancer and islet cells with solitary islet cells encountered adjacent to cancer cells. Pancreatic cancer cells did not exhibit any chemoattraction to islet cells in 3D assays in vitro. Further, there was no clinical correlation of islet invasion using the novel Islet Invasion Severity Score (IISS), which includes all invasion patterns with the occurrence of diabetes mellitus. However, Type IV islet invasion was related to worsened overall survival in our cohort. CONCLUSIONS We systematically analyzed, for the first time, islet invasion in human pancreatic cancer. Four different main patterns of islet invasion were identified. Diabetes mellitus was not related to islet invasion. However, moreresearch on this prevailing feature of pancreatic cancer is needed to better understand underlying principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruediger Goess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany; (R.G.); (A.C.M.); (U.Ç.); (Y.C.E.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (O.S.); (P.S.); (R.I.); (H.F.); (G.O.C.)
| | - Ayse Ceren Mutgan
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany; (R.G.); (A.C.M.); (U.Ç.); (Y.C.E.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (O.S.); (P.S.); (R.I.); (H.F.); (G.O.C.)
| | - Umut Çalışan
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany; (R.G.); (A.C.M.); (U.Ç.); (Y.C.E.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (O.S.); (P.S.); (R.I.); (H.F.); (G.O.C.)
| | - Yusuf Ceyhun Erdoğan
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany; (R.G.); (A.C.M.); (U.Ç.); (Y.C.E.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (O.S.); (P.S.); (R.I.); (H.F.); (G.O.C.)
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany; (R.G.); (A.C.M.); (U.Ç.); (Y.C.E.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (O.S.); (P.S.); (R.I.); (H.F.); (G.O.C.)
- Department of General Surgery (Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Carsten Jäger
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany; (R.G.); (A.C.M.); (U.Ç.); (Y.C.E.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (O.S.); (P.S.); (R.I.); (H.F.); (G.O.C.)
| | - Okan Safak
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany; (R.G.); (A.C.M.); (U.Ç.); (Y.C.E.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (O.S.); (P.S.); (R.I.); (H.F.); (G.O.C.)
| | - Pavel Stupakov
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany; (R.G.); (A.C.M.); (U.Ç.); (Y.C.E.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (O.S.); (P.S.); (R.I.); (H.F.); (G.O.C.)
| | - Rouzanna Istvanffy
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany; (R.G.); (A.C.M.); (U.Ç.); (Y.C.E.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (O.S.); (P.S.); (R.I.); (H.F.); (G.O.C.)
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany; (R.G.); (A.C.M.); (U.Ç.); (Y.C.E.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (O.S.); (P.S.); (R.I.); (H.F.); (G.O.C.)
| | - Güralp O. Ceyhan
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany; (R.G.); (A.C.M.); (U.Ç.); (Y.C.E.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (O.S.); (P.S.); (R.I.); (H.F.); (G.O.C.)
- Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany; (R.G.); (A.C.M.); (U.Ç.); (Y.C.E.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (O.S.); (P.S.); (R.I.); (H.F.); (G.O.C.)
- Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
- CRC 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, D-81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-4140-5868
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Titova AA, Mavlikeev MO, Kaligin MS, Suleymanova DM, Chekmaryeva IA, Kiyasov AP, Deev RV. Early ultra- and microstructural alterations in rat pancreas in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. Ultrastruct Pathol 2019; 44:61-70. [PMID: 31888398 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2019.1710313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An adequate experimental model is important to understand pathophysiological processes ongoing in the pancreas with diabetes mellitus. Our study was aimed to describe early ultra- and microstructural changes in the rat pancreas in 12-48 h after alloxan administration in a dose of 180 mg/kg. A histopathological examination of the endocrine pancreas revealed the loss of borders between endocrine cells, granular dystrophy and degranulation, sings of necrosis in central cells of the Langerhans islets and apoptosis of their peripheral ones manifested as DNA fragmentation and an increased expression of apoptosis markers. There was a gradual increase of a Langerhans islet area, a decreased percentage of insulin+ cells and an increased one of glucagon+ cells, as well as the presence of proliferating islet cells were found. Structural changes of the exocrine pancreas included fatty degeneration, signs of exocrine cell mitochondrial damage, increased acini, which are located mainly around the Langerhans islets, as well as perivascular edema and leukocytic infiltration. Described ultra- and microstructural alterations suggest a significant contribution of apoptosis to death of endocrine cells exposed to alloxan. Coexisting damage of the exocrine pancreas with its stroma involvement is for the first time described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Titova
- Morphology and General Pathology Department, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - M O Mavlikeev
- Morphology and General Pathology Department, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - M S Kaligin
- Morphology and General Pathology Department, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - D M Suleymanova
- Morphology and General Pathology Department, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - I A Chekmaryeva
- Department of Pathology, Surgery Institute named after A.V.Vishnevsky, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A P Kiyasov
- Morphology and General Pathology Department, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - R V Deev
- Pathology Department, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint-Petersburgh, Russian Federation.,Human Stem Cell Institute PJSC, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Hashemi J, Hashemi-Najafabadi S, Vasheghani-Farahani E. Synergistic effect of PEGylation and pentoxifylline addition on immunoprotection of pancreatic islets. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2016; 28:33-49. [PMID: 27683968 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2016.1239952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a method is proposed to reduce immunological response of immune system against Langerhans islets by PEGylation of islets combined with adjuvant therapy. For this purpose, the best composition for a mixture of succinimidyl valeric acid activated mPEG (mPEG-SVA) with different molecular weights (MWs) and for a mixture of succinimidyl carbonate activated mPEG (mPEG-SC) with different MWs was determined separately. Then, the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) as an adjuvant drug on immunological response against PEGylated islets at best mPEG composition was studied. The extent of mPEGs reaction, the amount of interlukin-2 (IL-2) and perforin secretion, and the viability of lymphocytes and islets in homo and co-cultures in the presence of PTX at different concentrations were considered for the in vitro evaluation of the proposed method. It was found, that a mixture of mPEG-SVA with MWs of 10 and 5 kDa at a composition of 75 and 25%, respectively, was the best formulation. Also, the addition of PTX drug to co-culture medium increased the protection of PEGylated islets against immune system and a concentration of 75 μg mL-1 of PTX was suitable for islet protection with no adverse effect on immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Hashemi
- a Biomedical Engineering Division, Faculty of Chemical Engineering , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sameereh Hashemi-Najafabadi
- a Biomedical Engineering Division, Faculty of Chemical Engineering , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ebrahim Vasheghani-Farahani
- a Biomedical Engineering Division, Faculty of Chemical Engineering , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
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Amraie E, Farsani MK, Sadeghi L, Khan TN, Babadi VY, Adavi Z. The effects of aqueous extract of alfalfa on blood glucose and lipids in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Interv Med Appl Sci 2015; 7:124-8. [PMID: 26525173 DOI: 10.1556/1646.7.2015.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder that is specified by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The use of nonpharmacological treatments (herbal agents) is a new approach in the management of diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of alfalfa on blood glucose and serum lipids in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In this study, 32 female rats (210-250 g) were used which were divided randomly into 4 groups including intact control group, diabetic control group, and 2 diabetic groups which received 250 and 500 mg/kg doses of aqueous extract of alfalfa, respectively. In the diabetic groups, alloxan-monohydrate was injected peritoneally to create diabetic condition. The two last groups orally received aqueous extract of alfalfa for 21 days. At the end of experiment, sugar, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density and low-density lipoprotein, and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) and alanine aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured in the samples. Consumption of aqueous alfalfa extract significantly reduced glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in the diabetic rats but enhanced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. ALT and AST liver enzyme levels were also reduced in blood. Histological examination showed that the aqueous alfalfa extract caused reconstruction of damaged liver and enhanced Langerhans islets' diameter in pancreas. Therefore, all signs of diabetes were improved by oral administration of alfalfa in defined dose.
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