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Elrashidy RA, Zakaria EM, Hasan RA, Elmaghraby AM, Hassan DA, Abdelgalil RM, Abdelmohsen SR, Negm AM, Khalil AS, Eraque AMS, Ahmed RM, Sabbah WS, Ahmed AA, Ibrahim SE. Implication of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial perturbations in remote liver injury after renal ischemia/reperfusion in rats: potential protective role of azilsartan. Redox Rep 2024; 29:2319963. [PMID: 38411133 PMCID: PMC10903753 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2024.2319963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Distant liver injury is a complication of renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, which imposes mortality and economic burden. This study aimed to elucidate the cross-talk of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial perturbations in renal I/R-induced liver injury, and the potential hepatoprotective effect of azilsartan (AZL).Methods: Male albino Wister rats were pre-treated with AZL (3 mg/kg/day, PO) for 7 days then a bilateral renal I/R or sham procedure was performed. Activities of liver enzymes were assessed in plasma. The structure and ultra-structure of hepatocytes were assessed by light and electron microscopy. Markers of ER stress, mitochondrial biogenesis and apoptosis were analyzed in livers of rats.Results: Renal ischemic rats showed higher plasma levels of liver enzymes than sham-operated rats, coupled with histological and ultra-structural alterations in hepatocytes. Mechanistically, there was up-regulation of ER stress markers and suppression of mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins and enhanced apoptosis in livers of renal ischemic rats. These abnormalities were almost abrogated by AZL pretreatment.Discussion: Our findings uncovered the involvement of mitochondrial perturbations, ER stress and apoptosis in liver injury following renal I/R, and suggested AZL as a preconditioning strategy to ameliorate remote liver injury in patients susceptible to renal I/R after adequate clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania A. Elrashidy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Esraa M. Zakaria
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rehab A. Hasan
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M. Elmaghraby
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina A. Hassan
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ranya M. Abdelgalil
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa R. Abdelmohsen
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira M. Negm
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza S. Khalil
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayat M. S. Eraque
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem M. Ahmed
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa S. Sabbah
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Ahmed
- Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samah E. Ibrahim
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Jiang D, Guo Y, Wang T, Wang L, Yan Y, Xia L, Bam R, Yang Z, Lee H, Iwawaki T, Gan B, Koong AC. IRE1α determines ferroptosis sensitivity through regulation of glutathione synthesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4114. [PMID: 38750057 PMCID: PMC11096184 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular sensitivity to ferroptosis is primarily regulated by mechanisms mediating lipid hydroperoxide detoxification. We show that inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein critical for the unfolded protein response (UPR), also determines cellular sensitivity to ferroptosis. Cancer and normal cells depleted of IRE1α gain resistance to ferroptosis, while enhanced IRE1α expression promotes sensitivity to ferroptosis. Mechanistically, IRE1α's endoribonuclease activity cleaves and down-regulates the mRNA of key glutathione biosynthesis regulators glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). This activity of IRE1α is independent of its role in regulating the UPR and is evolutionarily conserved. Genetic deficiency and pharmacological inhibition of IRE1α have similar effects in inhibiting ferroptosis and reducing renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Our findings reveal a previously unidentified role of IRE1α to regulate ferroptosis and suggests inhibition of IRE1α as a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate ferroptosis-associated pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadi Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Youming Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuelong Yan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ling Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rakesh Bam
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhifen Yang
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hyemin Lee
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Division of Cell Medicine, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Boyi Gan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Albert C Koong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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Landry C, Costanzo J, Mitne-Neto M, Zatz M, Schaffer A, Hatzoglou M, Muotri A, Miranda HC. Mitochondrial dysfunction heightens the integrated stress response to drive ALS pathogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.594000. [PMID: 38798645 PMCID: PMC11118434 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.594000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein-B (VAPB) is an ER membrane bound protein. VAPB P56S causes a dominant, familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), however, the mechanism through which this mutation causes motor neuron (MN) disease remains unknown. Using inducible wild type (WT) and VAPB P56S expressing iPSC-derived MNs we show that VAPB P56S, but not WT, protein decreased neuronal firing and mitochondrial-ER contact (MERC) with an associated age-dependent decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); all typical characteristics of MN-disease. We further show that VAPB P56S expressing iPSC-derived MNs have enhanced age-dependent sensitivity to ER stress. We identified elevated expression of the master regulator of the Integrated Stress Response (ISR) marker ATF4 and decreased protein synthesis in the VAPB P56S iPSC-derived MNs. Chemical inhibition of ISR with the compound, ISRIB, rescued all MN disease phenotype in VAPB P56S MNs. Thus, our results not only support ISR inhibition as a potential therapeutic target for ALS patients, but also provides evidence to pathogenesis.
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Liu X, Nishikubo K, Ohgaki R, Okanishi H, Okuda S, Xu M, Kanai Y. Identification of tumor-suppressive miRNAs that target amino acid transporter LAT1 and exhibit anti-proliferative effects on cholangiocarcinoma cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 154:301-311. [PMID: 38485348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Amino acid transporter LAT1 is highly upregulated in various cancer types, including cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), and contributes to the rapid proliferation of cancer cells and disease progression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathological upregulation of LAT1 remain largely unknown. This study pursued the possibility of miRNA-mediated regulation of the LAT1 expression in CHOL cells. Using online target prediction methods, we extracted five candidate miRNAs commonly predicted to regulate the LAT1 expression. Three of them, miR-194-5p, miR-122-5p, and miR-126-3p, were significantly downregulated in CHOL cancer compared to normal tissues. Correlation analysis revealed weak-to-moderate negative correlations between the expression of these miRNAs and LAT1 mRNA in CHOL cancer tissues. We selected miR-194-5p and miR-122-5p for further analyses and found that both miRNAs functionally target 3'UTR of LAT1 mRNA by a luciferase-based reporter assay. Transfection of the miRNA mimics significantly suppressed the LAT1 expression at mRNA and protein levels and inhibited the proliferation of CHOL cells, with a trend of affecting intracellular amino acids and amino acid-related signaling pathways. This study indicates that the decreased expression of these LAT1-targeting tumor-suppressive miRNAs contributes to the upregulation of LAT1 and the proliferation of CHOL cells, highlighting their potential for developing novel cancer therapeutics and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingming Liu
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kou Nishikubo
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Ohgaki
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Okanishi
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Suguru Okuda
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Minhui Xu
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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5
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Tatara Y, Kasai S, Kokubu D, Tsujita T, Mimura J, Itoh K. Emerging Role of GCN1 in Disease and Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2998. [PMID: 38474243 PMCID: PMC10931611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
GCN1 is recognized as a factor that is essential for the activation of GCN2, which is a sensor of amino acid starvation. This function is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to higher eukaryotes. However, recent studies have revealed non-canonical functions of GCN1 that are independent of GCN2, such as its participation in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the immune response, beyond the borders of species. Although it is known that GCN1 and GCN2 interact with ribosomes to accomplish amino acid starvation sensing, recent studies have reported that GCN1 binds to disomes (i.e., ribosomes that collide each other), thereby regulating both the co-translational quality control and stress response. We propose that GCN1 regulates ribosome-mediated signaling by dynamically changing its partners among RWD domain-possessing proteins via unknown mechanisms. We recently demonstrated that GCN1 is essential for cell proliferation and whole-body energy regulation in mice. However, the manner in which ribosome-initiated signaling via GCN1 is related to various physiological functions warrants clarification. GCN1-mediated mechanisms and its interaction with other quality control and stress response signals should be important for proteostasis during aging and neurodegenerative diseases, and may be targeted for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yota Tatara
- Department of Stress Response Science, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shuya Kasai
- Department of Stress Response Science, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
| | - Daichi Kokubu
- Diet and Well-Being Research Institute, KAGOME, Co., Ltd., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Vegetable Life Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Tsujita
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga City 840-8502, Saga, Japan;
| | - Junsei Mimura
- Department of Stress Response Science, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Vegetable Life Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Aomori, Japan
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Misra J, Carlson KR, Spandau DF, Wek RC. Multiple mechanisms activate GCN2 eIF2 kinase in response to diverse stress conditions. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:1830-1846. [PMID: 38281137 PMCID: PMC10899773 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Diverse environmental insults induce the integrated stress response (ISR), which features eIF2 phosphorylation and translational control that serves to restore protein homeostasis. The eIF2 kinase GCN2 is a first responder in the ISR that is activated by amino acid depletion and other stresses not directly related to nutrients. Two mechanisms are suggested to trigger an ordered process of GCN2 activation during stress: GCN2 monitoring stress via accumulating uncharged tRNAs or by stalled and colliding ribosomes. Our results suggest that while ribosomal collisions are indeed essential for GCN2 activation in response to translational elongation inhibitors, conditions that trigger deacylation of tRNAs activate GCN2 via its direct association with affected tRNAs. Both mechanisms require the GCN2 regulatory domain related to histidyl tRNA synthetases. GCN2 activation by UV irradiation features lowered amino acids and increased uncharged tRNAs and UV-induced ribosome collisions are suggested to be dispensable. We conclude that there are multiple mechanisms that activate GCN2 during diverse stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagannath Misra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS4067 Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Kenneth R Carlson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS4067 Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Dan F Spandau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS4067 Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS4067 Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS4067 Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Ronald C Wek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS4067 Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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Zhang SX, Wang JJ, Starr CR, Lee EJ, Park KS, Zhylkibayev A, Medina A, Lin JH, Gorbatyuk M. The endoplasmic reticulum: Homeostasis and crosstalk in retinal health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 98:101231. [PMID: 38092262 PMCID: PMC11056313 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle carrying out a broad range of important cellular functions including protein biosynthesis, folding, and trafficking, lipid and sterol biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and calcium storage and gated release. In addition, the ER makes close contact with multiple intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and the plasma membrane to actively regulate the biogenesis, remodeling, and function of these organelles. Therefore, maintaining a homeostatic and functional ER is critical for the survival and function of cells. This vital process is implemented through well-orchestrated signaling pathways of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is activated when misfolded or unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER, a condition known as ER stress, and functions to restore ER homeostasis thus promoting cell survival. However, prolonged activation or dysregulation of the UPR can lead to cell death and other detrimental events such as inflammation and oxidative stress; these processes are implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases including retinal disorders. In this review manuscript, we discuss the unique features of the ER and ER stress signaling in the retina and retinal neurons and describe recent advances in the research to uncover the role of ER stress signaling in neurodegenerative retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration, inherited retinal degeneration, achromatopsia and cone diseases, and diabetic retinopathy. In some chapters, we highlight the complex interactions between the ER and other intracellular organelles focusing on mitochondria and illustrate how ER stress signaling regulates common cellular stress pathways such as autophagy. We also touch upon the integrated stress response in retinal degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Finally, we provide an update on the current development of pharmacological agents targeting the UPR response and discuss some unresolved questions and knowledge gaps to be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah X Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.
| | - Josh J Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Christopher R Starr
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Karen Sophia Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Assylbek Zhylkibayev
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andy Medina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan H Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Marina Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Romero-Gavilán F, García-Arnáez I, Cerqueira A, Arias-Mainer C, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, Izquierdo R, Gurruchaga M, Goñi I, Suay J. Using osteogenic medium in the in vitro evaluation of bone biomaterials: Artefacts due to a synergistic effect. Biochimie 2024; 216:24-33. [PMID: 37716498 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
In vitro tests using bone cells to evaluate the osteogenic potential of biomaterials usually employ the osteogenic medium (OM). The lack of correlation frequently reported between in vitro and in vivo studies in bone biomaterials, makes necessary the evaluation of the impact of osteogenic supplements on these results. This study analysed the proteomic profiles of human osteoblasts (HOb) cultured in the media with and without osteogenic agents (ascorbic acid and β-glycerol phosphate). The cells were incubated for 1 and 7 days, on their own or in contact with Ti. The comparative Perseus analysis identified 2544 proteins whose expression was affected by osteogenic agents. We observed that the OM strongly alters protein expression profiles with a complex impact on multiple pathways associated with adhesion, immunity, oxidative stress, coagulation, angiogenesis and osteogenesis. OM-triggered changes in the HOb intracellular energy production mechanisms, with key roles in osteoblast maturation. HOb cultured with and without Ti showed enrichment in the skeletal system development function due to the OM. However, differentially expressed proteins with key regenerative functions were associated with a synergistic effect of OM and Ti. This synergy, caused by the Ti-OM interaction, could complicate the interpretation of in vitro results, highlighting the need to analyse this phenomenon in biomaterial testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Romero-Gavilán
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Iñaki García-Arnáez
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Universidad del País Vasco, P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Andreia Cerqueira
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Carlos Arias-Mainer
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Raúl Izquierdo
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Mariló Gurruchaga
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Universidad del País Vasco, P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Isabel Goñi
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Universidad del País Vasco, P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Julio Suay
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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Hicks D, Giresh K, Wrischnik LA, Weiser DC. The PPP1R15 Family of eIF2-alpha Phosphatase Targeting Subunits (GADD34 and CReP). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17321. [PMID: 38139150 PMCID: PMC10743859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate PPP1R15 family consists of the proteins GADD34 (growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 34, the product of the PPP1R15A gene) and CReP (constitutive repressor of eIF2α phosphorylation, the product of the PPP1R15B gene), both of which function as targeting/regulatory subunits for protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) by regulating subcellular localization, modulating substrate specificity and assembling complexes with target proteins. The primary cellular function of these proteins is to facilitate the dephosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2-alpha (eIF2α) by PP1 during cell stress. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the cellular function, biochemistry and pharmacology of GADD34 and CReP, starting with a brief introduction of eIF2α phosphorylation via the integrated protein response (ISR). We discuss the roles GADD34 and CReP play as feedback inhibitors of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and highlight the critical function they serve as inhibitors of the PERK-dependent branch, which is particularly important since it can mediate cell survival or cell death, depending on how long the stressful stimuli lasts, and GADD34 and CReP play key roles in fine-tuning this cellular decision. We briefly discuss the roles of GADD34 and CReP homologs in model systems and then focus on what we have learned about their function from knockout mice and human patients, followed by a brief review of several diseases in which GADD34 and CReP have been implicated, including cancer, diabetes and especially neurodegenerative disease. Because of the potential importance of GADD34 and CReP in aspects of human health and disease, we will discuss several pharmacological inhibitors of GADD34 and/or CReP that show promise as treatments and the controversies as to their mechanism of action. This review will finish with a discussion of the biochemical properties of GADD34 and CReP, their regulation and the additional interacting partners that may provide insight into the roles these proteins may play in other cellular pathways. We will conclude with a brief outline of critical areas for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Hicks
- Department of Science, Mathematics and Engineering, Modesto Junior College, Modesto, CA 95350, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Krithika Giresh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Lisa A. Wrischnik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Douglas C. Weiser
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
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Shieh AW, Bansal SK, Zuo Z, Wang SH. Transcriptome-wide profiling of acute stress induced changes in ribosome occupancy level using external standards. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294308. [PMID: 37988379 PMCID: PMC10662766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute cellular stress is known to induce a global reduction in mRNA translation through suppression of cap dependent translation. Selective translation in response to acute stress has been shown to play important roles in regulating the stress response. However, accurately profiling translational changes transcriptome-wide in response to acute cellular stress has been challenging. Commonly used data normalization methods operate on the assumption that any systematic shifts are experimental artifacts. Consequently, if applied to profiling acute cellular stress-induced mRNA translation changes, these methods are expected to produce biased estimates. To address this issue, we designed, produced, and evaluated a panel of 16 oligomers to serve as external standards for ribosome profiling studies. Using Sodium Arsenite treatment-induced oxidative stress in lymphoblastoid cell lines as a model system, we applied spike-in oligomers as external standards. We found our spike-in oligomers to display a strong linear correlation between the observed and the expected quantification, with small ratio compression at the lower concentration range. Using the expected fold changes constructed from spike-in controls, we found in our dataset that TMM normalization, a popular global scaling normalization approach, produced 87.5% false positives at a significant cutoff that is expected to produce only 10% false positive discoveries. In addition, TMM normalization produced a systematic shift of fold change by 3.25 fold. These results highlight the consequences of applying global scaling approaches to conditions that clearly violate their key assumptions. In contrast, we found RUVg normalization using spike-in oligomers as control genes recapitulated the expected stress induced global reduction of translation and resulted in little, if any, systematic shifts in the expected fold change. Our results clearly demonstrated the utility of our spike-in oligomers, both for constructing expected results as controls and for data normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie W. Shieh
- Center for Human Genetics, The Brown foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sandeep K. Bansal
- Center for Human Genetics, The Brown foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Zhen Zuo
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sidney H. Wang
- Center for Human Genetics, The Brown foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
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11
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Zhang J, Huang WQ, Zhang YR, Liang N, Li NP, Tan GK, Gong SX, Wang AP. Upregulation of eIF2α by m 6A modification accelerates the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension rats. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023:10.1007/s12265-023-10458-7. [PMID: 37973667 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a malignant cardiovascular disease. Eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) plays an important role in the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) rats. However, the regulatory mechanism of eIF2α remains poorly understood in PAH rats. Here, we discover eIF2α is markedly upregulated in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats, eIF2α can be upregulated by mRNA methylation, and upregulated eIF2α can promote PASMC proliferation in MCT-PAH rats. GSK2606414, eIF2α inhibitor, can downregulate the expression of eIF2α and alleviate PASMC proliferation in MCT-PAH rats. And we further discover the mRNA of eIF2α has a common sequence with N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification by bioinformatics analysis, and the expression of METTL3, WTAP, and YTHDF1 is upregulated in MCT-PAH rats. These findings suggest a potentially novel mechanism by which eIF2α is upregulated by m6A modification in MCT-PAH rats, which is involved in the pathogenesis of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qian Huang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Rong Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan-Ping Li
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang-Kai Tan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Xin Gong
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ai-Ping Wang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Tierney JAS, Świrski M, Tjeldnes H, Mudge JM, Kufel J, Whiffin N, Valen E, Baranov PV. Ribosome Decision Graphs for the Representation of Eukaryotic RNA Translation Complexity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.10.566564. [PMID: 37986835 PMCID: PMC10659439 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.10.566564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The application of ribosome profiling has revealed an unexpected abundance of translation in addition to that responsible for the synthesis of previously annotated protein-coding regions. Multiple short sequences have been found to be translated within single RNA molecules, both within annotated protein-coding and non-coding regions. The biological significance of this translation is a matter of intensive investigation. However, current schematic or annotation-based representations of mRNA translation generally do not account for the apparent multitude of translated regions within the same molecules. They also do not take into account the stochasticity of the process that allows alternative translations of the same RNA molecules by different ribosomes. There is a need for formal representations of mRNA complexity that would enable the analysis of quantitative information on translation and more accurate models for predicting the phenotypic effects of genetic variants affecting translation. To address this, we developed a conceptually novel abstraction that we term Ribosome Decision Graphs (RDGs). RDGs represent translation as multiple ribosome paths through untranslated and translated mRNA segments. We termed the later 'translons'. Non-deterministic events, such as initiation, re-initiation, selenocysteine insertion or ribosomal frameshifting are then represented as branching points. This representation allows for an adequate representation of eukaryotic translation complexity and focuses on locations critical for translation regulation. We show how RDGs can be used for depicting translated regions, analysis of genetic variation and quantitative genome-wide data on translation for characterisation of regulatory modulators of translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A S Tierney
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- SFI Centre for Research Training in Genomics Data Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michał Świrski
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Håkon Tjeldnes
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jonathan M Mudge
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanna Kufel
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nicola Whiffin
- The Big Data Institute and Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Eivind Valen
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pavel V Baranov
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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13
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Kim KK, Lee TH, Park BS, Kang D, Kim DH, Jeong B, Kim JW, Yang HR, Kim HR, Jin S, Back SH, Park JW, Kim JG, Lee BJ. Bridging Energy Need and Feeding Behavior: The Impact of eIF2α Phosphorylation in AgRP Neurons. Diabetes 2023; 72:1384-1396. [PMID: 37478284 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) is a key mediator of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR). In mammals, eIF2α is phosphorylated by overnutrition-induced ER stress and is related to the development of obesity. Here, we studied the function of phosphorylated eIF2α (p-eIF2α) in agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons using a mouse model (AgRPeIF2αA/A) with an AgRP neuron-specific substitution from Ser 51 to Ala in eIF2α, which impairs eIF2α phosphorylation in AgRP neurons. These AgRPeIF2αA/A mice had decreases in starvation-induced AgRP neuronal activity and food intake and an increased responsiveness to leptin. Intriguingly, impairment of eIF2α phosphorylation produced decreases in the starvation-induced expression of UPR and autophagy genes in AgRP neurons. Collectively, these findings suggest that eIF2α phosphorylation regulates AgRP neuronal activity by affecting intracellular responses such as the UPR and autophagy during starvation, thereby participating in the homeostatic control of whole-body energy metabolism. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS This study examines the impact of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) phosphorylation, triggered by an energy deficit, on hypothalamic AgRP neurons and its subsequent influence on whole-body energy homeostasis. Impaired eIF2α phosphorylation diminishes the unfolded protein response and autophagy, both of which are crucial for energy deficit-induced activation of AgRP neurons. This study highlights the significance of eIF2α phosphorylation as a cellular marker indicating the availability of energy in AgRP neurons and as a molecular switch that regulates homeostatic feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Kon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Seo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasol Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Yang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Rae Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Sungho Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Sung Hoon Back
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Basic-Clinical Convergence Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Basic-Clinical Convergence Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Basic-Clinical Convergence Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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14
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Hanquier Z, Misra J, Baxter R, Maiers JL. Stress and Liver Fibrogenesis: Understanding the Role and Regulation of Stress Response Pathways in Hepatic Stellate Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1363-1376. [PMID: 37422148 PMCID: PMC10548279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Stress response pathways are crucial for cells to adapt to physiological and pathologic conditions. Increased transcription and translation in response to stimuli place a strain on the cell, necessitating increased amino acid supply, protein production and folding, and disposal of misfolded proteins. Stress response pathways, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the integrated stress response (ISR), allow cells to adapt to stress and restore homeostasis; however, their role and regulation in pathologic conditions, such as hepatic fibrogenesis, are unclear. Liver injury promotes fibrogenesis through activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which produce and secrete fibrogenic proteins to promote tissue repair. This process is exacerbated in chronic liver disease, leading to fibrosis and, if unchecked, cirrhosis. Fibrogenic HSCs exhibit activation of both the UPR and ISR, due in part to increased transcriptional and translational demands, and these stress responses play important roles in fibrogenesis. Targeting these pathways to limit fibrogenesis or promote HSC apoptosis is a potential antifibrotic strategy, but it is limited by our lack of mechanistic understanding of how the UPR and ISR regulate HSC activation and fibrogenesis. This article explores the role of the UPR and ISR in the progression of fibrogenesis, and highlights areas that require further investigation to better understand how the UPR and ISR can be targeted to limit hepatic fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Hanquier
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jagannath Misra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Reese Baxter
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jessica L Maiers
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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15
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Bartoszewska S, Sławski J, Collawn JF, Bartoszewski R. Dual RNase activity of IRE1 as a target for anticancer therapies. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00784-5. [PMID: 37721642 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular mechanism that protects cells during stress conditions in which there is an accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). UPR activates three signaling pathways that function to alleviate stress conditions and promote cellular homeostasis and cell survival. During unmitigated stress conditions, however, UPR activation signaling changes to promote cell death through apoptosis. Interestingly, cancer cells take advantage of this pathway to facilitate survival and avoid apoptosis even during prolonged cell stress conditions. Here, we discuss different signaling pathways associated with UPR and focus specifically on one of the ER signaling pathways activated during UPR, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1). The rationale is that the IRE1 pathway is associated with cell fate decisions and recognized as a promising target for cancer therapeutics. Here we discuss IRE1 inhibitors and how they might prove to be an effective cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Bartoszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jakub Sławski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14a Street, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14a Street, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
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16
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Kim M, Hwang S, Kim B, Shin S, Yang S, Gwak J, Jeong SM. YAP governs cellular adaptation to perturbation of glutamine metabolism by regulating ATF4-mediated stress response. Oncogene 2023; 42:2828-2840. [PMID: 37591953 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Proliferating cells have metabolic dependence on glutamine to fuel anabolic pathways and to refill the mitochondrial carbon pool. The Hippo pathway is essential for coordinating cell survival and growth with nutrient availability, but no molecular connection to glutamine deprivation has been reported. Here, we identify a non-canonical role of YAP, a key effector of the Hippo pathway, in cellular adaptation to perturbation of glutamine metabolism. Whereas YAP is inhibited by nutrient scarcity, enabling cells to restrain proliferation and to maintain energy homeostasis, glutamine shortage induces a rapid YAP dephosphorylation and activation. Upon glutaminolysis inhibition, an increased reactive oxygen species production inhibits LATS kinase via RhoA, leading to YAP dephosphorylation. Activated YAP promotes transcriptional induction of ATF4 to induce the expression of genes involved in amino acid homeostasis, including Sestrin2. We found that YAP-mediated Sestrin2 induction is crucial for cell viability during glutamine deprivation by suppressing mTORC1. Thus, a critical relationship between YAP, ATF4, and mTORC1 is uncovered by our findings. Finally, our data indicate that targeting the Hippo-YAP pathway in combination with glutaminolysis inhibition may provide potential therapeutic approaches to treat tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjoong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunsook Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjoo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeon Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Gwak
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Gebert M, Sławski J, Kalinowski L, Collawn JF, Bartoszewski R. The Unfolded Protein Response: A Double-Edged Sword for Brain Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1648. [PMID: 37627643 PMCID: PMC10451475 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient brain function requires as much as 20% of the total oxygen intake to support normal neuronal cell function. This level of oxygen usage, however, leads to the generation of free radicals, and thus can lead to oxidative stress and potentially to age-related cognitive decay and even neurodegenerative diseases. The regulation of this system requires a complex monitoring network to maintain proper oxygen homeostasis. Furthermore, the high content of mitochondria in the brain has elevated glucose demands, and thus requires a normal redox balance. Maintaining this is mediated by adaptive stress response pathways that permit cells to survive oxidative stress and to minimize cellular damage. These stress pathways rely on the proper function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a cellular pathway responsible for normal ER function and cell survival. Interestingly, the UPR has two opposing signaling pathways, one that promotes cell survival and one that induces apoptosis. In this narrative review, we discuss the opposing roles of the UPR signaling pathways and how a better understanding of these stress pathways could potentially allow for the development of effective strategies to prevent age-related cognitive decay as well as treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gebert
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-134 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jakub Sławski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14a Street, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-134 Gdansk, Poland
- BioTechMed Centre, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - James F. Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14a Street, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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18
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Castillo KD, Chapa ED, Lamb TM, Gangopadhyay M, Bell-Pedersen D. Circadian clock control of tRNA synthetases in Neurospora crassa. F1000Res 2023; 11:1556. [PMID: 37841830 PMCID: PMC10576190 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.125351.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In Neurospora crassa, the circadian clock controls rhythmic mRNA translation initiation through regulation of the eIF2α kinase CPC-3 (the homolog of yeast and mammalian GCN2). Active CPC-3 phosphorylates and inactivates eIF2α, leading to higher phosphorylated eIF2α (P-eIF2α) levels and reduced translation initiation during the subjective day. This daytime activation of CPC-3 is driven by its binding to uncharged tRNA, and uncharged tRNA levels peak during the day under control of the circadian clock. The daily rhythm in uncharged tRNA levels could arise from rhythmic amino acid levels or aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRSs) levels. Methods: To determine if and how the clock potentially controls rhythms in aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (AspRS) and glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS), both observed to be rhythmic in circadian genomic datasets, transcriptional and translational fusions to luciferase were generated. These luciferase reporter fusions were examined in wild type (WT), clock mutant Δ frq, and clock-controlled transcription factor deletion strains. Results: Translational and transcriptional fusions of AspRS and GlnRS to luciferase confirmed that their protein levels are clock-controlled with peak levels at night. Moreover, clock-controlled transcription factors NCU00275 and ADV-1 drive robust rhythmic protein expression of AspRS and GlnRS, respectively. Conclusions: These data support a model whereby coordinate clock control of select aaRSs drives rhythms in uncharged tRNAs, leading to rhythmic CPC-3 activation, and rhythms in translation of specific mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrina D. Castillo
- Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Emily D. Chapa
- Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Teresa M. Lamb
- Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Madhusree Gangopadhyay
- Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Deborah Bell-Pedersen
- Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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19
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Park SH, Helsley RN, Fadhul T, Willoughby JLS, Noetzli L, Tu HC, Solheim MH, Fujisaka S, Pan H, Dreyfuss JM, Bons J, Rose J, King CD, Schilling B, Lusis AJ, Pan C, Gupta M, Kulkarni RN, Fitzgerald K, Kern PA, Divanovic S, Kahn CR, Softic S. Fructose induced KHK-C can increase ER stress independent of its effect on lipogenesis to drive liver disease in diet-induced and genetic models of NAFLD. Metabolism 2023; 145:155591. [PMID: 37230214 PMCID: PMC10752375 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and is estimated to affect one billion individuals worldwide. An increased intake of a high-fat diet (HFD) and sugar-sweetened beverages are risk-factors for NAFLD development, but how their combined intake promotes progression to a more severe form of liver injury is unknown. Here we show that fructose metabolism via ketohexokinase (KHK) C isoform leads to unresolved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress when coupled with a HFD intake. Conversely, a liver-specific knockdown of KHK in mice consuming fructose on a HFD is adequate to improve the NAFLD activity score and exert a profound effect on the hepatic transcriptome. Overexpression of KHK-C in cultured hepatocytes is sufficient to induce ER stress in fructose free media. Upregulation of KHK-C is also observed in mice with genetically induced obesity or metabolic dysfunction, whereas KHK knockdown in these mice improves metabolic function. Additionally, in over 100 inbred strains of male or female mice hepatic KHK expression correlates positively with adiposity, insulin resistance, and liver triglycerides. Similarly, in 241 human subjects and their controls, hepatic Khk expression is upregulated in early, but not late stages of NAFLD. In summary, we describe a novel role of KHK-C in triggering ER stress, which offers a mechanistic understanding of how the combined intake of fructose and a HFD propagates the development of metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Robert N Helsley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Taghreed Fadhul
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | - Leila Noetzli
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ho-Chou Tu
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marie H Solheim
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanna Bons
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Jacob Rose
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Christina D King
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Birgit Schilling
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, Department of Human Genetics, A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, Department of Human Genetics, A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manoj Gupta
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Philip A Kern
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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20
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Sannino S, Manuel AM, Shang C, Wendell SG, Wipf P, Brodsky JL. Non-Essential Amino Acid Availability Influences Proteostasis and Breast Cancer Cell Survival During Proteotoxic Stress. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:675-690. [PMID: 36961392 PMCID: PMC10330057 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) regulates tumor growth and proliferation when cells are exposed to proteotoxic stress, such as during treatment with certain chemotherapeutics. Consequently, cancer cells depend to a greater extent on stress signaling, and require the integrated stress response (ISR), amino acid metabolism, and efficient protein folding and degradation pathways to survive. To define how these interconnected pathways are wired when cancer cells are challenged with proteotoxic stress, we investigated how amino acid abundance influences cell survival when Hsp70, a master proteostasis regulator, is inhibited. We previously demonstrated that cancer cells exposed to a specific Hsp70 inhibitor induce the ISR via the action of two sensors, GCN2 and PERK, in stress-resistant and sensitive cells, respectively. In resistant cells, the induction of GCN2 and autophagy supported resistant cell survival, yet the mechanism by which these events were induced remained unclear. We now report that amino acid availability reconfigures the proteostasis network. Amino acid supplementation, and in particular arginine addition, triggered cancer cell death by blocking autophagy. Consistent with the importance of amino acid availability, which when limited activates GCN2, resistant cancer cells succumbed when challenged with a potentiator for another amino acid sensor, mTORC1, in conjunction with Hsp70 inhibition. IMPLICATIONS These data position amino acid abundance, GCN2, mTORC1, and autophagy as integrated therapeutic targets whose coordinated modulation regulates the survival of proteotoxic-resistant breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sannino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Allison M. Manuel
- Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chaowei Shang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacy G. Wendell
- Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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21
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Rudzinskas SA, Goff AC, Mazzu MA, Schiller CE, Meltzer-Brody S, Rubinow DR, Schmidt PJ, Goldman D. Intrinsically dysregulated cellular stress signaling genes and gene networks in postpartum depression. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3023-3032. [PMID: 36782063 PMCID: PMC10507674 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women. Clinically, the administration and withdrawal of supraphysiologic estradiol and progesterone (E2 + P) can cause affective symptom reoccurrence in women with a history of PPD, but not matched controls. To investigate the cellular basis underlying this differential affective response, lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) were derived from women with and without past PPD and compared transcriptomically in hormone conditions mimicking pregnancy and parturition: supraphysiologic E2 + P-addback; supraphysiologic E2 + P-withdrawal; and no added E2 + P (Baseline). RNA-sequencing identified unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in all hormone conditions, but the majority tended to be downregulated in PPD and observed in E2 + P-addback. Two of these DEGs were evolutionarily conserved cellular stress regulators: IMPACT, an integrative response protein maintaining translational homeostasis, and WWTR1, a transcriptional coactivator in the 'Hippo' pathway mediating cell proliferation and survival. Correspondingly, significant gene network modules were linked to cell cycle progression, estrogen response, and immune dysregulation, suggesting innate differences in intracellular signaling in PPD. In certain hormone conditions, PPD LCLs displayed increased GATA3 expression (an upstream regulator of IMPACT and WWTR1) and differentially phosphorylated eiF2α (the ultimate downstream target of IMPACT). Taken together, these transcriptomic data primarily implicate innately dysregulated cellular responses as potentially influencing mood and/or escalating PPD risk. Furthermore, the intrinsic downregulation of IMPACT's translation and WWTR1's transcription networks may suggest a novel link between PPD and a compromised ability to maintain homeostasis in the context of cellular stress occurring during pregnancy and parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Rudzinskas
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, NIMH, Bldg. 10CRC, Room 25330, 10 Center Drive MSC 1277, Bethesda, 20892-1277, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Allison C Goff
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, NIMH, Bldg. 10CRC, Room 25330, 10 Center Drive MSC 1277, Bethesda, 20892-1277, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria A Mazzu
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, NIMH, Bldg. 10CRC, Room 25330, 10 Center Drive MSC 1277, Bethesda, 20892-1277, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - David R Rubinow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Peter J Schmidt
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, NIMH, Bldg. 10CRC, Room 25330, 10 Center Drive MSC 1277, Bethesda, 20892-1277, MD, USA.
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
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22
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Yang B, Tan ML, Zhang R, Singh D, Leong Bin Abdullah MFI. Kratom use disorder and unfolded protein response: Evaluating their relationship in a case control study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287466. [PMID: 37352311 PMCID: PMC10289391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) is widely use worldwide despite its addictive potential. Although psychostimulant use has been linked to occurrence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, data is lacking on how regular kratom use affects ER stress. This case-control study first determined differences in ER stress sensor protein expression (BiP, sXBP1, ATF4, CHOP, JNK, and p-JNK) between regular kratom users and healthy controls. Second, it evaluated the association between kratom use characteristics, targeted ER stress sensor protein expression, and "kratom use disorder" diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders 5th Edition (DSM-5) among regular kratom users. METHODS In total, 60 regular kratom users and 50 healthy control-group participants were recruited and administered a sociodemographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire. While participants who used kratom were also administered a kratom use characteristics questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from all participants, and targeted ER stress sensor protein expression was determined via Western blot analysis. RESULTS The study's findings revealed first that kratom users registered significantly higher protein expression in all targeted ER stress sensors compared to the control group. Second, higher protein expression of CHOP (B = 5.061, standard error [SE] = 2.547, Wald = 3.948, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.382, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.071 to 9.656, p = 0.047) and p-JNK (B = 5.795, SE = 2.635, Wald = 4.544, AOR = 17.025, 95% CI = 1.395 to 24.123, p = 0.017) increased the odds of kratom use disorder occurrence. Kratom use characteristics and other ER stress sensor protein expression were not associated with kratom use disorder. CONCLUSION Regular kratom use may induce protracted ER stress, leading to the decompensation of the unfolded protein response to maintain ER homeostasis. This effect may be linked to kratom use disorder occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mei Lan Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Darshan Singh
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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23
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Solvay M, Holfelder P, Klaessens S, Pilotte L, Stroobant V, Lamy J, Naulaerts S, Spillier Q, Frédérick R, De Plaen E, Sers C, Opitz CA, Van den Eynde BJ, Zhu J. Tryptophan depletion sensitizes the AHR pathway by increasing AHR expression and GCN2/LAT1-mediated kynurenine uptake, and potentiates induction of regulatory T lymphocytes. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006728. [PMID: 37344101 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan-dioxygenase (TDO) are enzymes catabolizing the essential amino acid tryptophan into kynurenine. Expression of these enzymes is frequently observed in advanced-stage cancers and is associated with poor disease prognosis and immune suppression. Mechanistically, the respective roles of tryptophan shortage and kynurenine production in suppressing immunity remain unclear. Kynurenine was proposed as an endogenous ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which can regulate inflammation and immunity. However, controversy remains regarding the role of AHR in IDO1/TDO-mediated immune suppression, as well as the involvement of kynurenine. In this study, we aimed to clarify the link between IDO1/TDO expression, AHR pathway activation and immune suppression. METHODS AHR expression and activation was analyzed by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis in cells engineered to express IDO1/TDO, or cultured in medium mimicking tryptophan catabolism by IDO1/TDO. In vitro differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into regulatory T cells (Tregs) was compared in T cells isolated from mice bearing different Ahr alleles or a knockout of Ahr, and cultured in medium with or without tryptophan and kynurenine. RESULTS We confirmed that IDO1/TDO expression activated AHR in HEK-293-E cells, as measured by the induction of AHR target genes. Unexpectedly, AHR was also overexpressed on IDO1/TDO expression. AHR overexpression did not depend on kynurenine but was triggered by tryptophan deprivation. Multiple human tumor cell lines overexpressed AHR on tryptophan deprivation. AHR overexpression was not dependent on general control non-derepressible 2 (GCN2), and strongly sensitized the AHR pathway. As a result, kynurenine and other tryptophan catabolites, which are weak AHR agonists in normal conditions, strongly induced AHR target genes in tryptophan-depleted conditions. Tryptophan depletion also increased kynurenine uptake by increasing SLC7A5 (LAT1) expression in a GCN2-dependent manner. Tryptophan deprivation potentiated Treg differentiation from naïve CD4+ T cells isolated from mice bearing an AHR allele of weak affinity similar to the human AHR. CONCLUSIONS Tryptophan deprivation sensitizes the AHR pathway by inducing AHR overexpression and increasing cellular kynurenine uptake. As a result, tryptophan catabolites such as kynurenine more potently activate AHR, and Treg differentiation is promoted. Our results propose a molecular explanation for the combined roles of tryptophan deprivation and kynurenine production in mediating IDO1/TDO-induced immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Solvay
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline Holfelder
- Faculty of Bioscience, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DKTK Division of Metabolic Crosstalk in Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Klaessens
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Pilotte
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Stroobant
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Juliette Lamy
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Naulaerts
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Etienne De Plaen
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Sers
- Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christiane A Opitz
- DKTK Division of Metabolic Crosstalk in Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benoit J Van den Eynde
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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24
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Wang L, Jiang Q, Chen S, Wang S, Lu J, Gao X, Zhang D, Jin X. Natural epidithiodiketopiperazine alkaloids as potential anticancer agents: Recent mechanisms of action, structural modification, and synthetic strategies. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106642. [PMID: 37276722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become a grave health crisis that threatens the lives of millions of people worldwide. Because of the drawbacks of the available anticancer drugs, the development of novel and efficient anticancer agents should be encouraged. Epidithiodiketopiperazine (ETP) alkaloids with a 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP) ring equipped with transannular disulfide or polysulfide bridges or S-methyl moieties constitute a special subclass of fungal natural products. Owing to their privileged sulfur units and intriguing architectural structures, ETP alkaloids exhibit excellent anticancer activities by regulating multiple cancer proteins/signaling pathways, including HIF-1, NF-κB, NOTCH, Wnt, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, or by inducing cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy. Furthermore, a series of ETP alkaloid derivatives obtained via structural modification showed more potent anticancer activity than natural ETP alkaloids. To solve supply difficulties from natural resources, the total synthetic routes for several ETP alkaloids have been designed. In this review, we summarized several ETP alkaloids with anticancer properties with particular emphasis on their underlying mechanisms of action, structural modifications, and synthetic strategies, which will offer guidance to design and innovate potential anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- China Medical University-Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- The 1st Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xun Gao
- Jiangsu Institute Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Dongfang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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25
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Zhigailov AV, Nizkorodova AS, Sharipov KO, Polimbetova NS, Iskakov BK. Glyphosate treatment mediates the accumulation of small discrete 5'- and 3'-terminal fragments of 18S rRNA in plant cells. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:93-98. [PMID: 37063515 PMCID: PMC10090119 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Under many kinds of stress, eukaryotic cells rapidly decrease the overall translation level of the majority of mRNAs. However, some molecular mechanisms of protein synthesis inhibition like phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), which are known to be functional in animals and yeast, are not implemented in plants. We suggest that there is an alternative mechanism for the inhibition of protein synthesis in plant cells and possibly, in other eukaryotes, which is based on the discrete fragmentation of 18S rRNA molecules within small ribosomal subunits. We identified four stress-induced small RNAs, which are 5'- and 3'-terminal fragments of 18S rRNA. In the present work, we studied the induction of 18S rRNA discrete fragmentation and phosphorylation of the α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) in germinated wheat embryos in the presence of glyphosate, which imitates the condition of amino acid starvation. Using northern and western blotting, we have shown that stress-induced 18S rRNA fragments started to accumulate in wheat embryos at glyphosate concentrations that did not evoke eIF2α phosphorylation. It was also found that cleavage of 18S rRNA near the 5'-terminus began much earlier than eIF2α phosphorylation, which became noticeable only at higher concentration (500 μM) of glyphosate. This result suggests that discrete fragmentation of 18S rRNA may constitute a regulatory mechanism of mRNA translation in response to stress and may occur in plant cells in parallel with and independently of eIF2α phosphorylation. The identified small 5'- and 3'-terminal fragments of 18S rRNA that accumulate during various stresses may serve as stress resistance markers in the breeding of economically important plant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Zhigailov
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - A S Nizkorodova
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - K O Sharipov
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - N S Polimbetova
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - B K Iskakov
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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26
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Hassab LY, Abbas SS, Mohammed RA, Abdallah DM. Dimethyl fumarate abrogates striatal endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimentally induced late-stage Huntington’s disease: Focus on the IRE1α/JNK and PERK/CHOP trajectories. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1133863. [PMID: 37056990 PMCID: PMC10088517 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1133863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is FDA-approved for use in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis, and it processes neuroprotection in several experimental settings; however, its impact on combating Huntington’s disease (HD) remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the role of DMF post-treatment on HD mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in a selective striatal degeneration HD model.Methods: Rats, exposed to 3-nitropropionic acid, were either left untreated or post-treated with DMF for 14 days.Results and Discussion: DMF reduced locomotion deficits in both the open field and beam walk paradigms, boosted the striatal dopamine (DA) content, improved its architecture at the microscopic level, and hindered astrogliosis. Mechanistically, DMF limited the activation of two of the ER stress arms in the striatum by reducing p-IRE1α, p-JNK, and p-PERK protein expressions besides the CHOP/GADD153 content. Downstream from both ER stress arms’ suppression, DMF inhibited the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, as shown by the decrease in Bax and active caspase-3 while raising Bcl-2. DMF also decreased oxidative stress markers indicated by a decline in both reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde while boosting glutathione. Meanwhile, it enhanced p-AKT to activate /phosphorylate mTOR and stimulate the CREB/BDNF/TrkB trajectory, which, in a positive feedforward loop, activates AKT again. DMF also downregulated the expression of miRNA-634, which negatively regulates AKT, to foster survival kinase activation.Conclusion: This study features a focal novel point on the DMF therapeutic ability to reduce HD motor manifestations via its ability to enhance DA and suppress the IRE1α/JNK and PERK/CHOP/GADD153 hubs to inhibit the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway through activating the AKT/mTOR and BDNF/TrkB/AKT/CREB signaling pathways and abating miRNA-634 and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Y. Hassab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samah S. Abbas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham A. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalaal M. Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Dalaal M. Abdallah,
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27
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Sasaki S, Murakami T, Yasumuro M, Makita A, Oi Y, Hiragori Y, Watanabe S, Kudo R, Hayashi N, Ohbayashi I, Sugiyama M, Yamashita Y, Naito S, Onouchi H. Upstream open reading frame-mediated upregulation of ANAC082 expression in response to nucleolar stress in Arabidopsis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2023; 40:21-30. [PMID: 38213914 PMCID: PMC10777128 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.1215a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Perturbations in ribosome biogenesis cause a type of cellular stress called nucleolar or ribosomal stress, which triggers adaptive responses in both animal and plant cells. The Arabidopsis ANAC082 transcription factor has been identified as a key mediator of the plant nucleolar stress response. The 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of ANAC082 mRNA contains an upstream ORF (uORF) encoding an evolutionarily conserved amino acid sequence. Here, we report that this uORF mediates the upregulation of ANAC082 expression in response to nucleolar stress. When transgenic Arabidopsis plants containing a luciferase reporter gene under the control of the ANAC082 promoter and 5'-UTR were treated with reagents that induced nucleolar stress, expression of the reporter gene was enhanced in a uORF sequence-dependent manner. Additionally, we examined the effect of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing reagent on reporter gene expression because the closest homolog of ANAC082 in Arabidopsis, ANAC103, is involved in the ER stress response. However, the ANAC082 uORF did not respond to ER stress. Interestingly, although ANAC103 has a uORF with an amino acid sequence similar to that of the ANAC082 uORF, the C-terminal sequence critical for regulation is not well conserved among ANAC103 homologs in Brassicaceae. Transient expression assays revealed that unlike the ANAC082 uORF, the ANAC103 uORF does not exert a sequence-dependent repressive effect. Altogether, our findings suggest that the ANAC082 uORF is important for the nucleolar stress response but not for the ER stress response, and that for this reason, the uORF sequence-dependent regulation was lost in ANAC103 during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Sasaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Toru Murakami
- Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Miharu Yasumuro
- Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Ayaka Makita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yutaro Oi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yuta Hiragori
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shun Watanabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Rin Kudo
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Noriya Hayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Iwai Ohbayashi
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan R.O.C
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Munetaka Sugiyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yui Yamashita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Satoshi Naito
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Onouchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
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Rajasekaran S, Ramaian Santhaseela A, Ragunathan S, Venkataraman S, Jayavelu T. Altered Lysosomal Function Manipulates Cellular Biosynthetic Capacity By Remodeling Intracellular Cholesterol Distribution. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:29-38. [PMID: 36459362 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are known to influence cholesterol trafficking into endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes. Though intracellular cholesterol levels are known to influence the lipid biosynthetic responses in ER, the specific effects of lysosomal modulation on these outcomes is not known. To demonstrate this, C2C12 cells were treated with chloroquine, a lysosomotropic agent, and its effects on cellular biosynthetic capacity, structural and functional status of ER was determined. In addition to its known effects on autophagy reduction, chloroquine treatment induced accumulation of total cellular lipid and ER-specific cholesterol content. It was also observed that chloroquine caused an increase in smooth-ER content with defects in overall protein turnover. Further, since ER and mitochondria function in close association through ER membrane contact sites, it is likely that lysosomal modulation also brings about associated changes in mitochondria. In this regard, we found that chloroquine reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial dynamics. Collectively, the differential biosynthetic response of rise in lipid content, but not protein content, cannot be accounted by merely considering that chloroquine induced suppression of autophagy causes defects in organelle function. In this defective autophagy scenario, both biosynthetic responses such as lipid and protein synthesis are expected to be reduced rather than only the latter, as observed with chloroquine. These findings suggest that cholesterol trafficking/distribution within cellular organelles could act as an intracellular mediator of differential biosynthetic remodelling in interconnected organelles.
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Zhao C, Guo H, Hou Y, Lei T, Wei D, Zhao Y. Multiple Roles of the Stress Sensor GCN2 in Immune Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054285. [PMID: 36901714 PMCID: PMC10002013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine-protein kinase general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) is a well-known stress sensor that responds to amino acid starvation and other stresses, making it critical to the maintenance of cellular and organismal homeostasis. More than 20 years of research has revealed the molecular structure/complex, inducers/regulators, intracellular signaling pathways and bio-functions of GCN2 in various biological processes, across an organism's lifespan, and in many diseases. Accumulated studies have demonstrated that the GCN2 kinase is also closely involved in the immune system and in various immune-related diseases, such as GCN2 acts as an important regulatory molecule to control macrophage functional polarization and CD4+ T cell subset differentiation. Herein, we comprehensively summarize the biological functions of GCN2 and discuss its roles in the immune system, including innate and adaptive immune cells. We also discuss the antagonism of GCN2 and mTOR pathways in immune cells. A better understanding of GCN2's functions and signaling pathways in the immune system under physiological, stressful, and pathological situations will be beneficial to the development of potential therapies for many immune-relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Han Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangxiao Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-64807302
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30
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Marreiros IM, Marques S, Parreira A, Mastrodomenico V, Mounce BC, Harris CT, Kafsack BF, Billker O, Zuzarte-Luís V, Mota MM. A non-canonical sensing pathway mediates Plasmodium adaptation to amino acid deficiency. Commun Biol 2023; 6:205. [PMID: 36810637 PMCID: PMC9942083 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotes have canonical pathways for responding to amino acid (AA) availability. Under AA-limiting conditions, the TOR complex is repressed, whereas the sensor kinase GCN2 is activated. While these pathways have been highly conserved throughout evolution, malaria parasites are a rare exception. Despite auxotrophic for most AA, Plasmodium does not have either a TOR complex nor the GCN2-downstream transcription factors. While Ile starvation has been shown to trigger eIF2α phosphorylation and a hibernation-like response, the overall mechanisms mediating detection and response to AA fluctuation in the absence of such pathways has remained elusive. Here we show that Plasmodium parasites rely on an efficient sensing pathway to respond to AA fluctuations. A phenotypic screen of kinase knockout mutant parasites identified nek4, eIK1 and eIK2-the last two clustering with the eukaryotic eIF2α kinases-as critical for Plasmodium to sense and respond to distinct AA-limiting conditions. Such AA-sensing pathway is temporally regulated at distinct life cycle stages, allowing parasites to actively fine-tune replication and development in response to AA availability. Collectively, our data disclose a set of heterogeneous responses to AA depletion in malaria parasites, mediated by a complex mechanism that is critical for modulating parasite growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M. Marreiros
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Marques
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Parreira
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vincent Mastrodomenico
- grid.164971.c0000 0001 1089 6558Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL USA
| | - Bryan C. Mounce
- grid.164971.c0000 0001 1089 6558Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL USA ,grid.164971.c0000 0001 1089 6558Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL USA
| | - Chantal T. Harris
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XImmunology & Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Björn F. Kafsack
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA
| | - Oliver Billker
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Molecular Biology Department, Umeå University, Umeå, S-90187 Sweden
| | - Vanessa Zuzarte-Luís
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria M. Mota
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Qiang M, Zhang R. Identification of potential immune-related ceRNA Regulatory Network in UVB-irradiated human skin. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-24. [PMID: 36760036 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2175501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
For a better understanding the molecular biomarkers in UVB-induced skin damage, and its potential mechanism, we downloaded two microarray data sets on skin UVB damage from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO): GSE21429, GSE56754. By using the Limma package to analyze differential gene expression and co-expression network analysis to screen module genes, 16 common genes were identified (16 up-regulated). Gene Ontology analysis to explore the functional roles of these genes indicated that the common genes were associated mainly with melanin biosynthetic process and metabolic process. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis provided evidence that the most gene sets enriched in immune and inflammation-related signaling pathways in the UVB-treated subjects, as compared with the untreated subjects. The PPI network genes were ranked according to the degree of connectivity, the top three ranked genes: "MLANA", "GPR143" and "SFTPC" were identified as potential biomarkers using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The relative proportion of 22 immune cell types was then calculated by using the CIBERSORT algorithm. A higher follicular helper T cell ratio in UVB-treated samples compared to untreated samples was observed. Moreover, three hub genes have also been shown to be associated with immune cells. Finally, through multiple online miRNA databases, we propose MLANA-miR-573-MALAT1/NEAT1, GPR143-miR-138-5p-MALAT1/ KCNQ1OT1 might be potential RNA regulatory pathways that control disease progression in UVB-induced skin damage. In summary, the present results provide novel insights into the UVB-radiation related biological process changes, and further offer a new clinical application for prognosis and diagnostic prediction of UVB radiation-mediated skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Qiang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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32
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Takeshita D. Protein expression and purification, molecular interaction, and X-ray crystallographic analysis of baculovirus protein PK2. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 202:106188. [PMID: 36229000 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) by eIF2α kinases is a common mechanism to regulate the initiation of translation under stress conditions. The PK2 protein from baculovirus Autographica californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) binds and inhibits eIF2α kinases to ensure efficient virus propagation. The C-terminal region of PK2 shares a homology with the C-lobe of eIF2α kinases, but the N-terminal region of PK2 is unique to the orthologous proteins. In order to understand the detailed structure and function of PK2, both the full-length PK2 and its N-terminal truncated protein (PK2Δ22) were expressed as a His-tag fusion protein in Escherichia coli and purified by three steps of chromatography. Notably, the cysteine mutant, PK2 C181S/C211S, promotes the solubility and stability of the PK2 protein. The results of the size-exclusion chromatography showed that the full-length PK2 exists in both multimeric and monomeric forms, and the molecular interaction of PK2 and the eIF2α kinase domain. The purified proteins were used further to screen various conditions to obtain these crystals. Crystals of the full-length PK2 and PK2Δ22 were obtained by a sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method using lithium sulfate and PEG3350 as the precipitant, respectively. The crystal of PK2 belonged to space group P41212, and diffracted X-rays to 2.7 Å resolution. The asymmetric unit contained four molecules of the protein, and the solvent content was 67.4%. Whereas, the crystal of the PK2Δ22 belonged to space group P212121, diffracted X-rays to 2.8 Å resolution. The asymmetric unit contained three molecules of the protein, and the solvent content was 48.1%. The crystallographic study of the PK2 protein will provide mechanistic insights into the inhibition of eIF2α kinase by the PK2 protein, and also pave the way for the improvement of the baculovirus-based protein expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijiro Takeshita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
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33
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Roths M, Freestone AD, Rudolph TE, Michael A, Baumgard LH, Selsby JT. Environment-induced heat stress causes structural and biochemical changes in the heart. J Therm Biol 2023; 113:103492. [PMID: 37055111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to heat can lead to environment-induced heat stress (EIHS), which may jeopardize human health, but the extent to which EIHS affects cardiac architecture and myocardial cell health are unknown. We hypothesized EIHS would alter cardiac structure and cause cellular dysfunction. To test this hypothesis, 3-mo old female pigs were exposed to thermoneutral (TN; 20.6 ± 0.2 °C; n = 8) or EIHS (37.4 ± 0.2 °C; n = 8) conditions for 24 h, hearts were removed and dimensions measured, and portions of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) were collected. Environment-induced heat stress increased rectal temperature 1.3 °C (P < 0.01), skin temperature 11 °C (P < 0.01) and respiratory rate 72 breaths per minute (P < 0.01). Heart weight and length (apex to base) were decreased by 7.6% (P = 0.04) and 8.5% (P = 0.01), respectively, by EIHS, but heart width was similar between groups. Left ventricle wall thickness was increased (22%; P = 0.02) and water content was decreased (8.6%; P < 0.01) whereas in RV, wall thickness was decreased (26%; P = 0.04) and water content was similar in EIHS compared to TN. We also discovered ventricle-specific biochemical changes such that in RV EIHS increased heat shock proteins, decreased AMPK and AKT signaling, decreased activation of mTOR (35%; P < 0.05), and increased expression of proteins that participate in autophagy. In LV, heat shock proteins, AMPK and AKT signaling, activation of mTOR, and autophagy-related proteins were largely similar between groups. Biomarkers suggest EIHS-mediated reductions in kidney function. These data demonstrate EIHS causes ventricular-dependent changes and may undermine cardiac health, energy homeostasis, and function.
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34
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Amin PH, Carlson KR, Wek RC. An RNA stem-loop functions in conjunction with an upstream open reading frame to direct preferential translation in the integrated stress response. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102864. [PMID: 36596357 PMCID: PMC9971878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to environmental stresses, cells invoke translational control to conserve resources and rapidly reprogram gene expression for optimal adaptation. A central mechanism for translational control involves phosphorylation of the α subunit of eIF2 (p-eIF2α), which reduces delivery of initiator tRNA to ribosomes. Because p-eIF2α is invoked by multiple protein kinases, each responding to distinct stresses, this pathway is named the integrated stress response (ISR). While p-eIF2α lowers bulk translation initiation, many stress-related mRNAs are preferentially translated. The process by which ribosomes delineate gene transcripts for preferential translation is known to involve upstream open reading frames (uORFs) embedded in the targeted mRNAs. In this study, we used polysome analyses and reporter assays to address the mechanisms directing preferential translation of human IBTKα in the ISR. The IBTKα mRNA encodes four uORFs, with only 5'-proximal uORF1 and uORF2 being translated. Of importance, the 5'-leader of IBTKα mRNA also contains a phylogenetically conserved stem-loop of moderate stability that is situated 11 nucleotides downstream of uORF2. The uORF2 is well translated and functions in combination with the stem-loop to effectively lower translation reinitiation at the IBTKα coding sequence. Upon stress-induced p-eIF2α, the uORF2/stem loop element can be bypassed to enhance IBTKα translation by a mechanism that may involve the modestly translated uORF1. Our study demonstrates that uORFs in conjunction with RNA secondary structures can be critical elements that serve as the "bar code" by which scanning ribosomes can delineate which mRNAs are preferentially translated in the ISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth H Amin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kenneth R Carlson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ronald C Wek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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35
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Park SH, Helsley RN, Fadhul T, Willoughby JL, Noetzli L, Tu HC, Solheim MH, Fujisaka S, Pan H, Dreyfuss JM, Bons J, Rose J, King CD, Schilling B, Lusis AJ, Pan C, Gupta M, Kulkarni RN, Fitzgerald K, Kern PA, Divanovic S, Kahn CR, Softic S. Fructose Induced KHK-C Increases ER Stress and Modulates Hepatic Transcriptome to Drive Liver Disease in Diet-Induced and Genetic Models of NAFLD. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.27.525605. [PMID: 36747758 PMCID: PMC9900898 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.27.525605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and is estimated to affect one billion individuals worldwide. An increased intake of a high-fat diet (HFD) and sugar-sweetened beverages are risk-factors for NAFLD development, but how their combined intake promotes progression to a more severe form of liver injury is unknown. Here we show that fructose metabolism via ketohexokinase (KHK) C isoform increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a dose dependent fashion, so when fructose is coupled with a HFD intake it leads to unresolved ER stress. Conversely, a liver-specific knockdown of KHK in C57BL/6J male mice consuming fructose on a HFD is adequate to improve the NAFLD activity score and exert a profound effect on the hepatic transcriptome. Overexpression of KHK-C in cultured hepatocytes is sufficient to induce ER stress in fructose free media. Upregulation of KHK-C is also observed in genetically obesity ob/ob, db/db and lipodystrophic FIRKO male mice, whereas KHK knockdown in these mice improves metabolic function. Additionally, in over 100 inbred strains of male or female mice hepatic KHK expression correlates positively with adiposity, insulin resistance, and liver triglycerides. Similarly, in 241 human subjects and their controls, hepatic Khk expression is upregulated in early, but not late stages of NAFLD. In summary, we describe a novel role of KHK-C in triggering ER stress, which offers a mechanistic understanding of how the combined intake of fructose and a HFD propagates the development of metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY. 40536
| | - Robert N. Helsley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY. 40536
| | - Taghreed Fadhul
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY. 40536
| | | | | | - Ho-Chou Tu
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA. 02142
| | - Marie H. Solheim
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 02215
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 02215
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jonathan M. Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joanna Bons
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945
| | - Jacob Rose
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945
| | - Christina D. King
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945
| | - Birgit Schilling
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, Department of Human Genetics, A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, Department of Human Genetics, A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Manoj Gupta
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | | | - Philip A. Kern
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY. 40536
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - C. Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 02215
| | - Samir Softic
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY. 40536
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 02215
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY. 40536
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Ben-Shabat M, Awad-Igbaria Y, Sela S, Gross B, Yagil Y, Yagil C, Palzur E. Predisposition to cortical neurodegenerative changes in brains of hypertension prone rats. J Transl Med 2023; 21:51. [PMID: 36707861 PMCID: PMC9881299 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial evidence suggests that hypertension is a significant risk factor for cognitive decline. However, it is unclear whether the genetic predisposition to hypertension is also associated with cellular dysfunction that promotes neurodegeneration. METHODS Changes in blood pressure were evaluated following dietary salt-loading or administration of a regular diet in Sabra Normotensive (SBN/y) and Sabra Hypertension-prone rats (SBH/y). We performed quantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining in brain cortical tissues before salt loading and 6 and 9 months after salt loading. To examine the expression of brain cortical proteins involved in the gene regulation (Histone Deacetylase-HDAC2; Histone Acetyltransferase 1-HAT1), stress response (Activating Transcription Factor 4-ATF4; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2- eIF2α), autophagy (Autophagy related 4A cysteine peptidase- Atg4a; light-chain 3-LC3A/B; mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1- mTORC1) and apoptosis (caspase-3). RESULTS Prior to salt loading, SBH/y compared to SBN/y expressed a significantly higher level of cortical HAT1 (protein), Caspase-3 (mRNA/protein), LC3A, and ATF4 (mRNA), lower levels of ATG4A (mRNA/protein), LC3A/B, HDAC2 (protein), as well as a lower density of cortical neurons. Following dietary salt loading, SBH/y but not SBN/y developed high blood pressure. In hypertensive SBH/y, there was significant upregulation of cortical HAT1 (protein), Caspase-3 (protein), and eIF2α ~ P (protein) and downregulation of HDAC2 (protein) and mTORC1 (mRNA), and cortical neuronal loss. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that genetic predisposition to hypertension is associated in the brain cortex with disruption in autophagy, gene regulation, an abnormal response to cellular stress, and a high level of cortical apoptosis, and could therefore exacerbate cellular dysfunction and thereby promote neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moti Ben-Shabat
- grid.415839.2Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel ,grid.22098.310000 0004 1937 0503Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel ,grid.415839.2Neurology Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Yaseen Awad-Igbaria
- grid.415839.2Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel ,grid.22098.310000 0004 1937 0503Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Shifra Sela
- grid.415839.2Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel ,grid.415839.2Neurology Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Bella Gross
- grid.415839.2Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel ,grid.415839.2Neurology Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Yoram Yagil
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel ,grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, Israel
| | - Chana Yagil
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel ,grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, Israel
| | - Eilam Palzur
- grid.415839.2Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
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37
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Nabeebaccus AA, Reumiller CM, Shen J, Zoccarato A, Santos CXC, Shah AM. The regulation of cardiac intermediary metabolism by NADPH oxidases. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 118:3305-3319. [PMID: 35325070 PMCID: PMC9847558 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs), enzymes whose primary function is to generate reactive oxygen species, are important regulators of the heart's physiological function and response to pathological insults. The role of NOX-driven redox signalling in pathophysiological myocardial remodelling, including processes such as interstitial fibrosis, contractile dysfunction, cellular hypertrophy, and cell survival, is well recognized. While the NOX2 isoform promotes many detrimental effects, the NOX4 isoform has attracted considerable attention as a driver of adaptive stress responses both during pathology and under physiological states such as exercise. Recent studies have begun to define some of the NOX4-modulated mechanisms that may underlie these adaptive responses. In particular, novel functions of NOX4 in driving cellular metabolic changes have emerged. Alterations in cellular metabolism are a recognized hallmark of the heart's response to physiological and pathological stresses. In this review, we highlight the emerging roles of NOX enzymes as important modulators of cellular intermediary metabolism in the heart, linking stress responses not only to myocardial energetics but also other functions. The novel interplay of NOX-modulated redox signalling pathways and intermediary metabolism in the heart is unravelling a new aspect of the fascinating biology of these enzymes which will inform a better understanding of how they drive adaptive responses. We also discuss the implications of these new findings for therapeutic approaches that target metabolism in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Nabeebaccus
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Christina M Reumiller
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Jie Shen
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Anna Zoccarato
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Celio X C Santos
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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Romero‐Gavilán F, Cerqueira A, García‐Arnáez I, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, Gurruchaga M, Goñi I, Suay J. Proteomic evaluation of human osteoblast responses to titanium implants over time. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:45-59. [PMID: 36054528 PMCID: PMC9804409 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Titanium is widely used in bone prostheses due to its excellent biocompatibility and osseointegration capacity. To understand the effect of sandblasted acid-etched (SAE) Ti implants on the biological responses of human osteoblast (HOb), their proteomic profiles were analyzed using nLC-MS/MS. The cells were cultured with the implant materials, and 2544 distinct proteins were detected in samples taken after 1, 3, and 7 days. Comparative analyses of proteomic data were performed using Perseus software. The expression of proteins related to EIF2, mTOR, insulin-secretion and IGF pathways showed marked differences in cells grown with SAE-Ti in comparison with cells cultured without Ti. Moreover, the proteomic profiles obtained with SAE-Ti were compared over time. The affected proteins were related to adhesion, immunity, oxidative stress, coagulation, angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and extracellular matrix formation functions. The proliferation, mineralization and osteogenic gene expression in HObs cultured with SAE-Ti were characterized in vitro. The results showed that the osteoblasts exposed to this material increase their mineralization rate and expression of COLI, RUNX2, SP7, CTNNB1, CAD13, IGF2, MAPK2, and mTOR. Overall, the observed proteomic profiles can explain the SAE-Ti osteogenic properties, widening our knowledge of key signaling pathways taking part in the early stages of the osseointegration process in this type of implantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Romero‐Gavilán
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and DesignUniversitat Jaume ICastellón de la PlanaSpain
| | - Andreia Cerqueira
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and DesignUniversitat Jaume ICastellón de la PlanaSpain
| | - Iñaki García‐Arnáez
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and TechnologyUniversidad del País VascoSan SebastiánSpain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, ProteoRed‐ISCIIIBizkaia Science and Technology ParkDerioSpain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, ProteoRed‐ISCIIIBizkaia Science and Technology ParkDerioSpain
| | - Mariló Gurruchaga
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and TechnologyUniversidad del País VascoSan SebastiánSpain
| | - Isabel Goñi
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and TechnologyUniversidad del País VascoSan SebastiánSpain
| | - Julio Suay
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and DesignUniversitat Jaume ICastellón de la PlanaSpain
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A Label-Free Quantitative Analysis for the Search of Proteomic Differences between Goat Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233336. [PMID: 36496858 PMCID: PMC9740416 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensification and standardization of livestock farming are causing a decline in the number of animal breeds in many species, such as the goat. The availability of more studies on the potentiality of goat breeds could raise awareness of their importance, conservation and productive possibilities. Label-free quantitative analysis was applied in this study to investigate the proteomic differences between the autochthon Teramana and Saanen goats that could be useful for defining peculiar features of these breeds. A total of 2093 proteins were characterized in the muscle exudate proteome of the Teramana and Saanen breeds. A total of 41 proteins clearly separated the two breeds. Eukaryotic initiation factor proteins and aldehyde-dehydrogenase 7 family-member A1 were up-regulated in the autochthon breed and associated with its resilience, whereas catalase was down-regulated and associated with lower muscular mass. This study is the most detailed report of goat muscle proteome. Several differentially regulated proteins between the two breeds were identified, providing insights into functional pathways that define this organism and its biology.
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Michael D, Feldmesser E, Gonen C, Furth N, Maman A, Heyman O, Argoetti A, Tofield A, Baichman-Kass A, Ben-Dov A, Benbenisti D, Hen N, Rotkopf R, Ganci F, Blandino G, Ulitsky I, Oren M. miR-4734 conditionally suppresses ER stress-associated proinflammatory responses. FEBS Lett 2022; 597:1233-1245. [PMID: 36445168 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged metabolic stress can lead to severe pathologies. In metabolically challenged primary fibroblasts, we assigned a novel role for the poorly characterized miR-4734 in restricting ATF4 and IRE1-mediated upregulation of a set of proinflammatory cytokines and endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated genes. Conversely, inhibition of this miRNA augmented the expression of those genes. Mechanistically, miR-4734 was found to restrict the expression of the transcriptional activator NF-kappa-B inhibitor zeta (NFKBIZ), which is required for optimal expression of the proinflammatory genes and whose mRNA is targeted directly by miR-4734. Concordantly, overexpression of NFKBIZ compromised the effects of miR-4734, underscoring the importance of this direct targeting. As the effects of miR-4734 were evident under stress but not under basal conditions, it may possess therapeutic utility towards alleviating stress-induced pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Michael
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Feinberg Graduate School, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ester Feldmesser
- Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chagay Gonen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Furth
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Maman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Heyman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Argoetti
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Adin Tofield
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Amichai Baichman-Kass
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aviyah Ben-Dov
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dan Benbenisti
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nadav Hen
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Federica Ganci
- IRCSS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Kulkarni A, Muralidharan C, May SC, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. Inside the β Cell: Molecular Stress Response Pathways in Diabetes Pathogenesis. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6783239. [PMID: 36317483 PMCID: PMC9667558 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The pathogeneses of the 2 major forms of diabetes, type 1 and type 2, differ with respect to their major molecular insults (loss of immune tolerance and onset of tissue insulin resistance, respectively). However, evidence suggests that dysfunction and/or death of insulin-producing β-cells is common to virtually all forms of diabetes. Although the mechanisms underlying β-cell dysfunction remain incompletely characterized, recent years have witnessed major advances in our understanding of the molecular pathways that contribute to the demise of the β-cell. Cellular and environmental factors contribute to β-cell dysfunction/loss through the activation of molecular pathways that exacerbate endoplasmic reticulum stress, the integrated stress response, oxidative stress, and impaired autophagy. Whereas many of these stress responsive pathways are interconnected, their individual contributions to glucose homeostasis and β-cell health have been elucidated through the development and interrogation of animal models. In these studies, genetic models and pharmacological compounds have enabled the identification of genes and proteins specifically involved in β-cell dysfunction during diabetes pathogenesis. Here, we review the critical stress response pathways that are activated in β cells in the context of the animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah C May
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Correspondence: Raghavendra G. Mirmira, MD, PhD, Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 900 E 57th St, KCBD 8132, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Man JHK, van Gelder CAGH, Breur M, Okkes D, Molenaar D, van der Sluis S, Abbink T, Altelaar M, van der Knaap MS, Bugiani M. Cortical Pathology in Vanishing White Matter. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223581. [PMID: 36429009 PMCID: PMC9688115 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanishing white matter (VWM) is classified as a leukodystrophy with astrocytes as primary drivers in its pathogenesis. Magnetic resonance imaging has documented the progressive thinning of cortices in long-surviving patients. Routine histopathological analyses, however, have not yet pointed to cortical involvement in VWM. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the VWM cortex. We employed high-resolution-mass-spectrometry-based proteomics and immunohistochemistry to gain insight into possible molecular disease mechanisms in the cortices of VWM patients. The proteome analysis revealed 268 differentially expressed proteins in the VWM cortices compared to the controls. A majority of these proteins formed a major protein interaction network. A subsequent gene ontology analysis identified enrichment for terms such as cellular metabolism, particularly mitochondrial activity. Importantly, some of the proteins with the most prominent changes in expression were found in astrocytes, indicating cortical astrocytic involvement. Indeed, we confirmed that VWM cortical astrocytes exhibit morphological changes and are less complex in structure than control cells. Our findings also suggest that these astrocytes are immature and not reactive. Taken together, we provide insights into cortical involvement in VWM, which has to be taken into account when developing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie H. K. Man
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte A. G. H. van Gelder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Breur
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Okkes
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe Molenaar
- Department of Systems Bioinformatics, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie van der Sluis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Truus Abbink
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjo S. van der Knaap
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-6-48517239
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Recovery Sleep Immediately after Prolonged Sleep Deprivation Stimulates the Transcription of Integrated Stress Response-Related Genes in the Liver of Male Rats. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:623-632. [PMID: 36412581 PMCID: PMC9680379 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss induces performance impairment and fatigue. The reactivation of human herpesvirus-6, which is related to the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), is one candidate for use as an objective biomarker of fatigue. Phosphorylated eIF2α is a key regulator in integrated stress response (ISR), an intracellular stress response system. However, the relation between sleep/sleep loss and ISR is unclear. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of prolonged sleep deprivation and recovery sleep on ISR-related gene expression in rat liver. Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a 96-hour sleep deprivation using a flowerpot technique. The rats were sacrificed, and the liver was collected immediately or 6 or 72 h after the end of the sleep deprivation. RT-qPCR was used to analyze the expression levels of ISR-related gene transcripts in the rat liver. The transcript levels of the Atf3, Ddit3, Hmox-1, and Ppp15a1r genes were markedly increased early in the recovery sleep period after the termination of sleep deprivation. These results indicate that both activation and inactivation of ISRs in the rat liver occur simultaneously in the early phase of recovery sleep.
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Kanda T, Wakiya T, Ishido K, Kimura N, Fujita H, Yoshizawa T, Goto S, Tatara Y, Kijima H, Hakamada K. Heterogeneity of metabolic adaptive capacity affects the prognosis among pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:798-811. [PMID: 35780404 PMCID: PMC9522820 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-022-01898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evolutionary cancer has a supply mechanism to satisfy higher energy demands even in poor-nutrient conditions. Metabolic reprogramming is essential to supply sufficient energy. The relationship between metabolic reprogramming and the clinical course of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the differences in metabolic status among PDAC patients. METHODS We collected clinical data from 128 cases of resectable PDAC patients undergoing surgery. Sixty-three resected tissues, 15 tissues from the low carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), 38-100 U/mL, and high CA19-9, > 500 U/mL groups, and 33 non-tumor control parts, were subjected to tandem mass spectrometry workflow to systematically explore metabolic status. Clinical and proteomic data were compared on the most used PDAC biomarker, preoperative CA19-9 value. RESULTS Higher CA19-9 levels were clearly associated with higher early recurrence (p < 0.001), decreased RFS (p < 0.001), and decreased DSS (p = 0.025). From proteomic analysis, we discovered that cancer evolution-related as well as various metabolism-related pathways were more notable in the high group. Using resected tissue immunohistochemical staining, we learned that high CA19-9 PDAC demonstrated aerobic glycolysis enhancement, yet no decrease in protein synthesis. We found a heterogeneity of various metabolic processes, including carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, lipids, and nucleic acids, between the low and the high groups, suggesting differences in metabolic adaptive capacity. CONCLUSIONS Our study found metabolic adaptation differences among PDAC cases, pertaining to both cancer evolution and the prognosis. CA19-9 can help estimate the metabolic adaptive capacity of energy supply for PDAC evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishu Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Taiichi Wakiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Keinosuke Ishido
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Norihisa Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shintaro Goto
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yota Tatara
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kijima
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hakamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
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Nair R, Gupta P, Shanmugam M. Mitochondrial metabolic determinants of multiple myeloma growth, survival, and therapy efficacy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1000106. [PMID: 36185202 PMCID: PMC9523312 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by the clonal proliferation of antibody producing plasma cells. Despite the use of next generation proteasome inhibitors (PI), immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs) and immunotherapy, the development of therapy refractory disease is common, with approximately 20% of MM patients succumbing to aggressive treatment-refractory disease within 2 years of diagnosis. A large emphasis is placed on understanding inter/intra-tumoral genetic, epigenetic and transcriptomic changes contributing to relapsed/refractory disease, however, the contribution of cellular metabolism and intrinsic/extrinsic metabolites to therapy sensitivity and resistance mechanisms is less well understood. Cancer cells depend on specific metabolites for bioenergetics, duplication of biomass and redox homeostasis for growth, proliferation, and survival. Cancer therapy, importantly, largely relies on targeting cellular growth, proliferation, and survival. Thus, understanding the metabolic changes intersecting with a drug's mechanism of action can inform us of methods to elicit deeper responses and prevent acquired resistance. Knowledge of the Warburg effect and elevated aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells, including MM, has allowed us to capitalize on this phenomenon for diagnostics and prognostics. The demonstration that mitochondria play critical roles in cancer development, progression, and therapy sensitivity despite the inherent preference of cancer cells to engage aerobic glycolysis has re-invigorated deeper inquiry into how mitochondrial metabolism regulates tumor biology and therapy efficacy. Mitochondria are the sole source for coupled respiration mediated ATP synthesis and a key source for the anabolic synthesis of amino acids and reducing equivalents. Beyond their core metabolic activities, mitochondria facilitate apoptotic cell death, impact the activation of the cytosolic integrated response to stress, and through nuclear and cytosolic retrograde crosstalk maintain cell fitness and survival. Here, we hope to shed light on key mitochondrial functions that shape MM development and therapy sensitivity.
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Cordova RA, Misra J, Amin PH, Klunk AJ, Damayanti NP, Carlson KR, Elmendorf AJ, Kim HG, Mirek ET, Elzey BD, Miller MJ, Dong XC, Cheng L, Anthony TG, Pili R, Wek RC, Staschke KA. GCN2 eIF2 kinase promotes prostate cancer by maintaining amino acid homeostasis. eLife 2022; 11:e81083. [PMID: 36107759 PMCID: PMC9578714 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A stress adaptation pathway termed the integrated stress response has been suggested to be active in many cancers including prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we demonstrate that the eIF2 kinase GCN2 is required for sustained growth in androgen-sensitive and castration-resistant models of PCa both in vitro and in vivo, and is active in PCa patient samples. Using RNA-seq transcriptome analysis and a CRISPR-based phenotypic screen, GCN2 was shown to regulate expression of over 60 solute-carrier (SLC) genes, including those involved in amino acid transport and loss of GCN2 function reduces amino acid import and levels. Addition of essential amino acids or expression of 4F2 (SLC3A2) partially restored growth following loss of GCN2, suggesting that GCN2 targeting of SLC transporters is required for amino acid homeostasis needed to sustain tumor growth. A small molecule inhibitor of GCN2 showed robust in vivo efficacy in androgen-sensitive and castration-resistant mouse models of PCa, supporting its therapeutic potential for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Cordova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Jagannath Misra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Parth H Amin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Anglea J Klunk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Nur P Damayanti
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndianapolisUnited States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Kenneth R Carlson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Andrew J Elmendorf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Hyeong-Geug Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Emily T Mirek
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickUnited States
| | - Bennet D Elzey
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Marcus J Miller
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - X Charlie Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Liang Cheng
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndianapolisUnited States
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Tracy G Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickUnited States
| | - Roberto Pili
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at BuffaloBuffaloUnited States
| | - Ronald C Wek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Kirk A Staschke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndianapolisUnited States
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Nishikubo K, Ohgaki R, Okanishi H, Okuda S, Xu M, Endou H, Kanai Y. Pharmacologic inhibition of LAT1 predominantly suppresses transport of large neutral amino acids and downregulates global translation in cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5246-5256. [PMID: 36071551 PMCID: PMC9575050 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
L‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1; SLC7A5), which preferentially transports large neutral amino acids, is highly upregulated in various cancers. LAT1 supplies cancer cells with amino acids as substrates for enhanced biosynthetic and bioenergetic reactions and stimulates signalling networks involved in the regulation of survival, growth and proliferation. LAT1 inhibitors show anti‐cancer effects and a representative compound, JPH203, is under clinical evaluation. However, pharmacological impacts of LAT1 inhibition on the cellular amino acid transport and the translational activity in cancer cells that are conceptually pivotal for its anti‐proliferative effect have not been elucidated yet. Here, we demonstrated that JPH203 drastically inhibits the transport of all the large neutral amino acids in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. The inhibitory effects of JPH203 were observed even in competition with high concentrations of amino acids in a cell culture medium. The analyses of the nutrient‐sensing mTORC1 and GAAC pathways and the protein synthesis activity revealed that JPH203 downregulates the global translation. This study demonstrates a predominant contribution of LAT1 to the transport of large neutral amino acids in cancer cells and the suppression of protein synthesis by JPH203 supposed to underly its broad anti‐proliferative effects across various types of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou Nishikubo
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Ohgaki
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Okanishi
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Suguru Okuda
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minhui Xu
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Eytan K, Versano Z, Oren R, Jacob-Hirsch J, Leitner M, Harmelin A, Rechavi G, Toren A, Paglin S, Yalon M. Pediatric glioblastoma cells are sensitive to drugs that inhibit eIF2α dephosphorylation and its phosphomimetic S51D variant. Front Oncol 2022; 12:959133. [PMID: 36091130 PMCID: PMC9462064 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.959133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We found that pediatric glioblastoma (PED-GBM) cell lines from diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) carrying the H3K27M mutation or from diffuse hemispheric glioma expressing the H3G34R mutation are sensitive to the combination of vorinostat (a histone deacetylase inhibitor) and PARP-1 inhibitors. The combined treatment increased the phosphorylation of eIF2α (P-eIF2α) relative to each drug alone and enhanced the decrease in cell survival. To explore the role played by increased P-eIF2α in modulating PED-GBM survival and response to treatments, we employed brain-penetrating inhibitors of P-eIF2α dephosphorylation: salubrinal and raphin-1. These drugs increased P-eIF2α, DNA damage, and cell death, similarly affecting the sensitivity of DIPG cells and derived neurospheres to PARP-1 inhibitors. Interestingly, these drugs also decreased the level of eIF2Bϵ (the catalytic subunit of eIF2B) and increased its phosphorylation, thereby enhancing the effect of increased P-eIF2α. Transient transfection with the S51D phosphomimetic eIF2α variant recapitulated the effect of salubrinal and raphin-1 on PED-GBM survival and sensitivity to PARP-1 inhibitors. Importantly, either salubrinal or raphin-1 dramatically increased the sensitivity of DIPG cells to radiation, the main treatment modality of PED-GBM. Finally, PED-GBM was more sensitive than normal human astrocytes to salubrinal, raphin-1, and the treatment combinations described herein. Our results indicate that combinations of histone deacetylase inhibitors and PARP-1 inhibitors should be evaluated for their toxicity and efficacy in PED-GBM patients and point to drugs that increase P-eIF2α or modulate its downstream effectors as a novel means of treating PED-GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Eytan
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children’s Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ziv Versano
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children’s Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roni Oren
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jasmine Jacob-Hirsch
- Sheba Cancer Research Center (SCRC), Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Wohl Centre for Translational Medicine, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Moshe Leitner
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children’s Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Alon Harmelin
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gideon Rechavi
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sheba Cancer Research Center (SCRC), Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Wohl Centre for Translational Medicine, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Amos Toren
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children’s Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shoshana Paglin
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children’s Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Yalon
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children’s Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- *Correspondence: Michal Yalon,
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49
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Martinez W, Zhang Q, Linden MA, Schacher N, Darvish S, Mirek ET, Levy JL, Jonsson WO, Anthony TG, Hamilton KL. Rates of protein synthesis are maintained in brain but reduced in skeletal muscle during dietary sulfur amino acid restriction. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:975129. [PMID: 36091469 PMCID: PMC9450999 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.975129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary interventions such as sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) target multiple drivers of aging, and show promise for preventing or delaying the onset of chronic diseases. SAAR promotes metabolic health and longevity in laboratory animals. The effects of SAAR on proteostasis remain relatively unexplored. We previously reported that SAAR promotes mitochondrial proteostatic maintenance, despite suppression of global protein synthesis, in two peripheral tissues, the liver and skeletal muscle. However, the brain, a tissue vulnerable to age-related neurodegenerative diseases due to the loss of proteostasis, has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, we sought to reveal proteostatic responses in the brains of mice fed SAAR for 35 days. Here, we demonstrate that male C57Bl/6J mice fed two levels of SAAR maintained rates of protein synthesis in all sub-cellular fractions of the pre-frontal cortex. In comparison, rates of skeletal muscle protein synthesis in SAAR fed mice were slower than control-fed mice. To gain mechanistic insight, we examined several key nutrient/energy sensitive signaling proteins: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2), and ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6). SAAR had minimal to modest effects on the total abundance and phosphorylation of these proteins in both tissues. Our results indicate that the pre-frontal cortex in brain is resistant to perturbations in protein synthesis in mice fed SAAR, unlike skeletal muscle, which had a reduction in global protein synthesis. The results from this study demonstrate that proteostatic control in brain is of higher priority than skeletal muscle during dietary SAAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenceslao Martinez
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Melissa A. Linden
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Nate Schacher
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sanna Darvish
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Emily T. Mirek
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NB, United States
| | - Jordan L. Levy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NB, United States
| | - William O. Jonsson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NB, United States
| | - Tracy G. Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NB, United States
| | - Karyn L. Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States,Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States,*Correspondence: Karyn L. Hamilton,
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50
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Alzahrani MR, Guan BJ, Zagore LL, Wu J, Chen CW, Licatalosi DD, Baker KE, Hatzoglou M. Newly synthesized mRNA escapes translational repression during the acute phase of the mammalian unfolded protein response. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271695. [PMID: 35947624 PMCID: PMC9365188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress, caused by the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, elicits a homeostatic mechanism known as the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). The UPR reprograms gene expression to promote adaptation to chronic ER stress. The UPR comprises an acute phase involving inhibition of bulk protein synthesis and a chronic phase of transcriptional induction coupled with the partial recovery of protein synthesis. However, the role of transcriptional regulation in the acute phase of the UPR is not well understood. Here we analyzed the fate of newly synthesized mRNA encoding the protective and homeostatic transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) during this acute phase. We have previously shown that global translational repression induced by the acute UPR was characterized by decreased translation and increased stability of XBP1 mRNA. We demonstrate here that this stabilization is independent of new transcription. In contrast, we show XBP1 mRNA newly synthesized during the acute phase accumulates with long poly(A) tails and escapes translational repression. Inhibition of newly synthesized RNA polyadenylation during the acute phase decreased cell survival with no effect in unstressed cells. Furthermore, during the chronic phase of the UPR, levels of XBP1 mRNA with long poly(A) tails decreased in a manner consistent with co-translational deadenylation. Finally, additional pro-survival, transcriptionally-induced mRNAs show similar regulation, supporting the broad significance of the pre-steady state UPR in translational control during ER stress. We conclude that the biphasic regulation of poly(A) tail length during the UPR represents a previously unrecognized pro-survival mechanism of mammalian gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed R. Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Bo-Jhih Guan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Leah L. Zagore
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chien-Wen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Donny D. Licatalosi
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kristian E. Baker
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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