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Pedret A, Companys J, Calderón-Pérez L, Llauradó E, Pla-Pagà L, Salamanca P, Sandoval-Ramírez BA, Catalán Ú, Fernández-Castillejo S, Yuste S, Macià A, Gutiérrez-Tordera L, Bulló M, Camps J, Canela N, Valls RM, Rubió-Piqué L, Motilva MJ, Solà R. A red-fleshed apple rich in anthocyanins improves endothelial function, reduces inflammation, and modulates the immune system in hypercholesterolemic subjects: the AppleCOR study. Food Funct 2024; 15:5825-5841. [PMID: 38751340 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05114e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The study determines the sustained and acute effects of a red-fleshed apple (RFA), rich in anthocyanins (ACNs), a white-fleshed apple (WFA) without ACNs, and an infusion from Aronia melanocarpa (AI) with an equivalent content of ACNs as RFA, on different cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in hypercholesterolemic subjects. A randomized, parallel study was performed for 6 weeks and two dose-response studies were performed at the baseline and after intervention. At 6 weeks, RFA consumption improved ischemic reactive hyperemia and decreased C-reactive protein and interleukine-6 compared to WFA consumption. Moreover, at 6 weeks, AI decreased P-selectin compared to WFA and improved the lipid profile. Three products reduced C1q, C4 and Factor B, and RFA and AI reduced C3. Although both RFA and AI have a similar ACN content, RFA, by a matrix effect, induced more improvements in inflammation, whereas AI improved the lipid profile. Anti-inflammatory protein modulation by proteomic reduction of the complement system and immunoglobulins were verified after WFA, AI and RFA consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pedret
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain.
| | - Judit Companys
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Lorena Calderón-Pérez
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Elisabet Llauradó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain.
| | - Laura Pla-Pagà
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Patricia Salamanca
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain.
| | - Berner-Andree Sandoval-Ramírez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain.
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain.
| | - Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain.
| | - Silvia Yuste
- Food Technology Department, XaRTA-TPV, Agrotecnio Center, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alba Macià
- Food Technology Department, XaRTA-TPV, Agrotecnio Center, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laia Gutiérrez-Tordera
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University RoviraiVirgili (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili-IISPV, University Hospital Sant Joan, 43202 Reus, Spain
| | - Mónica Bulló
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University RoviraiVirgili (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili-IISPV, University Hospital Sant Joan, 43202 Reus, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Núria Canela
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Reus 43204, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Valls
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain.
| | - Laura Rubió-Piqué
- Food Technology Department, XaRTA-TPV, Agrotecnio Center, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria José Motilva
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de la Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain.
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
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Fang T, Wang M, He R, Chen Q, He D, Chen X, Li Y, Ren R, Yu W, Zeng L. A 224-bp Indel in the Promoter of PeMYB114 Accounts for Anthocyanin Accumulation of Skin in Passion Fruit ( Passiflora spp.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10138-10148. [PMID: 38637271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Passion fruit (Passiflora spp.) is an important fruit tree in the family Passifloraceae. The color of the fruit skin, a significant agricultural trait, is determined by the content of anthocyanin in passion fruit. However, the regulatory mechanisms behind the accumulation of anthocyanin in different passion fruit skin colors remain unclear. In the study, we identified and characterized a R2R3-MYB transcription factor, PeMYB114, which functions as a transcriptional activator in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Yeast one-hybrid system and dual-luciferase analysis showed that PeMYB114 could directly activate the expression of anthocyanin structural genes (PeCHS and PeDFR). Furthermore, a natural variation in the promoter region of PeMYB114 alters its expression. PeMYB114purple accessions with the 224-bp insertion have a higher anthocyanin level than PeMYB114yellow accessions with the 224-bp deletion. The findings enhance our understanding of anthocyanin accumulation in fruits and provide genetic resources for genome design for improving passion fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fang
- College of Horticulture, Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mengzhen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ruijie He
- College of Horticulture, Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiaowen Chen
- College of Horticulture, Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dayi He
- College of Horticulture, Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xuerong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yongkang Li
- College of Horticulture, Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rui Ren
- College of Horticulture, Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weijun Yu
- College of Horticulture, Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lihui Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Zhang L, Muscat JE, Kris-Etherton PM, Chinchilli VM, Al-Shaar L, Richie JP. The Epidemiology of Berry Consumption and Association of Berry Consumption with Diet Quality and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in United States Adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2018. J Nutr 2024; 154:1014-1026. [PMID: 38242289 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berries are rich in important nutrients and bioactive compounds, which could potentially contribute to maintenance of normal lipid and glucose profiles. OBJECTIVE We reported the epidemiology of berry consumption and examined associations of berry consumption with diet quality [measured by Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015)] and levels of cardiometabolic risk factors, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol), glycated hemoglobin, and fasting biomarkers: triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol), glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). METHODS We evaluated 33,082 adults (aged ≥20 y) using two 24-h diet recalls from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2018). Multivariable linear regression models were applied to examine the associations of total and individual berry intake with diet quality and cardiometabolic risk factors using appropriate sample weights. RESULTS Approximately 25 % of the United States adults consumed berries (0.08 ± 0.003 cup-equivalents/d), representing ∼10 % of the daily mean total fruit intake. Among berry consumers, the mean intake of strawberries (0.31 ± 0.01 cup-equivalents) was higher than for other berries. Berry consumers had a significantly higher HEI-2015 score than nonconsumers (mean HEI-2015 score = 58.8 compared with 52.3, P < 0.0001). Berry consumers had significantly lower concentrations of cardiometabolic indices than nonconsumers, including BMI, WC, SBP, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and higher mean HDL cholesterol, after adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary confounders (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS United States adult berry consumers had a higher diet quality and lower concentrations of cardiometabolic risk factors, suggesting a favorable role for berries in diets and cardiometabolic disease prevention in United States adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States.
| | - Joshua E Muscat
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States.
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Vernon M Chinchilli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Laila Al-Shaar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - John P Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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Hariri M, Amirkalali B, Gholami A. Effects of purified anthocyanins supplementation on serum concentration of inflammatory mediators: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1494-1508. [PMID: 38272574 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, due to their antioxidant effects, are candidates to reduce inflammation and the risk of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, through conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis, we tried to find the effect of purified anthocyanins on serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Databases including, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched up to June 2023. The meta-analysis was done by calculating mean differences and their standard deviations. Calculating the statistical heterogeneity of intervention effects was performed through I-squared statistics and Cochran's Q test. The pooled estimate showed a significant decrease in serum levels of CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.12 mg/L, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.21 to -0.02, p = 0.013; WMD = -1.37 pg/mL, 95% CI = -1.79 to -0.96; p < 0.001; WMD = -1.43 pg/mL, 95% CI = -1.87 to -1.00; p < 0.001, respectively). Subgroup analysis results revealed purified anthocyanins significantly decreased serum levels of CRP among participants with serum levels of CRP≥1.52 mg/L, at-risk/unhealthy status, and in trials with intervention duration ≥84 days, anthocyanins dose ≥320 mg/day, and sample size ≥85 subjects. Regarding TNF-α and IL-6, out results showed that there was a significant effect of purified anthocyanins on serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in most subgroups. The results of our study indicated that purified anthocyanins significantly decreased serum levels of CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6. However, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the efficacy of purified anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Hariri
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Bahareh Amirkalali
- Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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5
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Rodriguez-Mateos A. Another piece in the complex puzzle of biological responses to (poly)phenols. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:595-596. [PMID: 38326143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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6
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Huang X, Liu L, Qiang X, Meng Y, Li Z, Huang F. Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Profiles Provide Insights into the Mechanisms of Anthocyanin and Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Petals of Medicago sativa ssp. sativa and Medicago sativa ssp. falcata. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:700. [PMID: 38475545 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The petals of Medicago sativa ssp. sativa and M. sativa ssp. falcata are purple and yellow, respectively. Free hybridization between M. sativa ssp. sativa and M. sativa ssp. falcata has created hybrids with various flower colors in nature. Moreover, the flower colors of alfalfa are closely correlated with yield, nutritional quality, stress tolerance and other agronomic characteristics. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of flower color formation in M. sativa ssp. sativa and M. sativa ssp. falcata, we conducted an integrative analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of alfalfa with three different petal colors (purple, yellow and cream). The metabolic profiles suggested that anthocyanins and carotenoids are the crucial pigments in purple and yellow flowers, respectively. A quantitative exploration of the anthocyanin and carotenoid components indicated that the accumulations of cyanidin, delphinidin, peonidin, malvidin, pelargonidin and petunidin derivatives are significantly higher in purple flowers than in cream flowers. In addition, the content of carotenes (phytoene, α-carotene and β-carotene) and xanthophylls (α-cryptoxanthin, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin and violaxanthin derivatives) was markedly higher in yellow flowers than in cream flowers. Furthermore, we found that delphinidin-3,5-O-diglucoside and lutein were the predominant pigments accumulated in purple and yellow flowers, respectively. The transcriptomic results revealed that twenty-five upregulated structural genes (one C4H, three 4CL, twelve CHS, two CHI, one F3H, one F3'H, one F3'5'H and four DFR) are involved in the accumulation of anthocyanins in purple flowers, and nine structural genes (two PSY, one ZDS, two CRTISO, two BCH, one ZEP and one ECH) exert an effect on the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in yellow flowers. The findings of this study reveal the underlying mechanisms of anthocyanin and carotenoid biosynthesis in alfalfa with three classic flower colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzheng Huang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 100081, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 100081, China
| | - Xiaojing Qiang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 100081, China
| | - Yuanfa Meng
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 100081, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 100081, China
| | - Fan Huang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 100081, China
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de Luna Freire MO, Cruz Neto JPR, de Albuquerque Lemos DE, de Albuquerque TMR, Garcia EF, de Souza EL, de Brito Alves JL. Limosilactobacillus fermentum Strains as Novel Probiotic Candidates to Promote Host Health Benefits and Development of Biotherapeutics: A Comprehensive Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10235-1. [PMID: 38393628 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Fruits and their processing by-products are sources of potentially probiotic strains. Limosilactobacillus (L.) fermentum strains isolated from fruit processing by-products have shown probiotic-related properties. This review presents and discusses the results of the available studies that evaluated the probiotic properties of L. fermentum in promoting host health benefits, their application by the food industry, and the development of biotherapeutics. The results showed that administration of L. fermentum for 4 to 8 weeks promoted host health benefits in rats, including the modulation of gut microbiota, improvement of metabolic parameters, and antihypertensive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The results also showed the relevance of L. fermentum strains for application in the food industry and for the formulation of novel biotherapeutics, especially nutraceuticals. This review provides evidence that L. fermentum strains isolated from fruit processing by-products have great potential for promoting host health and indicate the need for a translational approach to confirm their effects in humans using randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaelle Oliveira de Luna Freire
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I-Jd. Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - José Patrocínio Ribeiro Cruz Neto
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I-Jd. Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Estefânia Fernandes Garcia
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I-Jd. Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I-Jd. Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I-Jd. Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil.
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Rodriguez-Mateos A, Le Sayec M, Cheok A. Dietary (poly)phenols and cardiometabolic health: from antioxidants to modulators of the gut microbiota. Proc Nutr Soc 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38316606 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
(Poly)phenols are plant secondary metabolites widely abundant in plant foods and beverages comprising a very large number of compounds with diverse structure and biological activities. Accumulating evidence indicates that these compounds exert beneficial effects against cardiometabolic diseases, and this review will provide a summary of current knowledge in this area. Epidemiological and clinical data collectively suggest that intake of flavonoids reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with the evidence being particularly strong for the flavan-3-ol subclass. However, to provide adequate dietary recommendations, a better understanding of their estimated content in foods and intake among the general public is needed. Regarding mechanisms of action, we now know that it is unlikely that (poly)phenols act as direct antioxidants in vivo, as it was hypothesised for decades with the popularity of in vitro antioxidant capacity assays. One of the reasons is that upon ingestion, (poly)phenols are extensively metabolised into a wide array of circulating metabolites with different bioactivities than their precursors. Well-conducted in vitro and in vivo studies and human nutrigenomic analysis have revealed new molecular targets that may be underlying the health benefits of (poly)phenols, such as the nitric oxide pathway. Recently, a bi-directional relationship was established between (poly)phenols and the gut microbiota, suggesting that individual gut microbial metabolising capacity may be a key factor explaining the variability in the cardiometabolic response to (poly)phenols. Future research is needed to elucidate which are the key factors affecting such capacity, and whether it can be modulated, along with the mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Melanie Le Sayec
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alex Cheok
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Teixeira M, De Luca L, Faria A, Bordiga M, de Freitas V, Mateus N, Oliveira H. First Insights on the Bioaccessibility and Absorption of Anthocyanins from Edible Flowers: Wild Pansy, Cosmos, and Cornflower. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:191. [PMID: 38399406 PMCID: PMC10892915 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Edible flowers are regaining interest among both the scientific community and the general population, not only for their appealing sensorial characteristics but also from the growing evidence about their health benefits. Among edible flowers, those that contain anthocyanins are among the most consumed worldwide. However, little is known regarding the bioaccessibility and absorption of their bioactive compounds upon ingestion. The aim of this work was to explore, for the first time, the behavior of anthocyanin-rich extracts from selected edible flowers under different food processing conditions and after ingestion using simulated digestions, as well as their absorption at the intestinal level. Overall, the results showed that the monoglucoside and rutinoside anthocyanin extracts were less stable under different pH, temperature, and time conditions as well as different digestive processes in the gastrointestinal tract. There was a prominent decrease in the free anthocyanin content after the intestinal phase, which was more pronounced for the rutinoside anthocyanin extract (78.41% decrease from the oral phase). In contrast, diglucoside and rutinoside anthocyanin extracts showed the highest absorption efficiencies at the intestinal level, of approximately 5% after 4 h of experiment. Altogether, the current results emphasize the influence of anthocyanins' structural arrangement on both their chemical stability as well as their intestinal absorption. These results bring the first insights about the bioaccessibility and absorption of anthocyanins from wild pansy, cosmos, and cornflower and the potential outcomes of such alternative food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.T.); (V.d.F.); (N.M.)
| | - Lorenzo De Luca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy; (L.D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Ana Faria
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Matteo Bordiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy; (L.D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Victor de Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.T.); (V.d.F.); (N.M.)
| | - Nuno Mateus
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.T.); (V.d.F.); (N.M.)
| | - Hélder Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.T.); (V.d.F.); (N.M.)
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Zhang L, Muscat JE, Chinchilli VM, Kris-Etherton PM, Al-Shaar L, Richie JP. Berry Consumption in Relation to Allostatic Load in US Adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2010. Nutrients 2024; 16:403. [PMID: 38337686 PMCID: PMC10857206 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Berries are a rich source of antioxidant polyphenols and other nutrients that are associated with good health. Allostatic load (AL) is an aggregate measure of chronic stress-induced physiological dysregulations across cardiovascular, metabolic, autonomic, and immune systems; the extent of these dysregulations, collectively or in each system, can be characterized by a composite score or a domain score assessed by integrated biomarkers. It was hypothesized that the anti-inflammatory and other effects of berries lower AL. The association was determined between berry consumption and AL composite and domain scores in the 2003-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS Berry intake was measured using two 24 h dietary recalls collected from US adults in the 2003-2010 NHANES (n = 7684). The association with AL and its specific domains was examined using population weight-adjusted multivariable linear regression. RESULTS The mean AL composite scores for consumers of any berries (11.9), strawberries (11.6), and blueberries (11.6), respectively, were significantly lower than nonconsumers (12.3), after fully adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary confounders. A significant dose-response relationship was determined between greater consumption of total berries, strawberries, and blueberries and lower mean AL composite scores (p-trend < 0.05, for all). Consistently, mean cardiovascular and metabolic domain scores remained significantly lower in the consumers of total berries (mean cardiovascular domain score: 4.73 versus 4.97 for nonconsumers; mean metabolic domain score: 2.97 versus 3.1), strawberries (4.73 versus 4.95; 2.99 versus 3.1), and blueberries (4.6 versus 4.95; 2.92 versus 3.11). Berry consumers also had significantly lower mean AL immune scores (1.52 versus 1.56) and lower mean AL autonomic scores (2.49 versus 2.57) than nonconsumers (initial sample: n = 15,620). CONCLUSIONS The current study indicates that consumption of berries lowers the AL composite scores and potentially reduces stress-related disease risks in the US adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (V.M.C.); (L.A.-S.); (J.P.R.)
| | - Joshua E. Muscat
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (V.M.C.); (L.A.-S.); (J.P.R.)
| | - Vernon M. Chinchilli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (V.M.C.); (L.A.-S.); (J.P.R.)
| | - Penny M. Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Laila Al-Shaar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (V.M.C.); (L.A.-S.); (J.P.R.)
| | - John P. Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (V.M.C.); (L.A.-S.); (J.P.R.)
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Ao L, Chen Z, Yin J, Leng Y, Luo Y, Fu X, Liu H, Liu X, Gao H, Xie C. Chinese herbal medicine and active ingredients for diabetic cardiomyopathy: molecular mechanisms regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1290023. [PMID: 38027018 PMCID: PMC10661377 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1290023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. It is often associated with clinical manifestations such as arrhythmias and heart failure, and significantly reduces the quality of life and years of survival of patients. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is the removal of unfolded and misfolded proteins and is an important mechanism for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. ERS plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DCM by causing cardiomyocyte apoptosis, insulin resistance, calcium imbalance, myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Targeting ERS is a new direction in the treatment of DCM. A large number of studies have shown that Chinese herbal medicine and active ingredients can significantly improve the clinical outcome of DCM patients through intervention in ERS and effects on myocardial structure and function, which has become one of the hot research directions. Purpose: The aim of this review is to elucidate and summarize the roles and mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicine and active ingredients that have the potential to modulate endoplasmic reticulum stress, thereby contributing to better management of DCM. Methods: Databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Internet, and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform were used to search, analyze, and collect literature, in order to review the mechanisms by which phytochemicals inhibit the progression of DCM by targeting the ERS and its key signaling pathways. Keywords used included "diabetic cardiomyopathy" and "endoplasmic reticulum stress." Results: This review found that Chinese herbs and their active ingredients can regulate ERS through IRE1, ATF6, and PERK pathways to reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis, ameliorate myocardial fibrosis, and attenuate myocardial hypertrophy for the treatment of DCM. Conclusion: A comprehensive source of information on potential ERS inhibitors is provided in this review. The analysis of the literature suggests that Chinese herbal medicine and its active ingredients can be used as potential drug candidates for the treatment of DCM. In short, we cannot ignore the role of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating ERS and treating DCM, and look forward to more research and new drugs to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjun Ao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengtao Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiacheng Yin
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yulin Leng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoxu Fu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoke Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunguang Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Ou SJL, Yang D, Pranata HP, Tai ES, Liu MH. Postprandial glycemic and lipidemic effects of black rice anthocyanin extract fortification in foods of varying macronutrient compositions and matrices. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:59. [PMID: 37914734 PMCID: PMC10620212 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanin (ACN) fortification of commonly consumed foods is significant as a dietary strategy against the development of metabolic complications by delivering ACNs at high doses. However, its bioactivity and translated metabolic effects in the presence of varying food matrices and macro-constituents is particularly unclear. This end-to-end study investigates the metabolic effects of black rice ACN extract (BRAE) fortification-from in-vitro enzyme inhibitory activities and digestibility, to downstream in vivo impacts on GI, postprandial glycemia and lipidemia. The in vivo effects were investigated in two separate crossover randomised controlled trials (RCT) of 24 healthy participants each-the first RCT determined the postprandial blood glucose, insulin, and ACN bioavailability to a starch-rich single food over 2 h, while the second RCT determined the postprandial blood glucose, insulin, lipid panel, and lipoprotein particles and subfractions to a starch- and fat-rich composite meal over 4 h. In-vitro findings confirmed the inhibitory activities of major black rice ACNs on carbohydrases (p = 0.0004), lipases (p = 0.0002), and starch digestibility (p < 0.0001). in vivo, a 27-point mean GI reduction of wheat bread was observed with BRAE fortification, despite a non-significant attenuation in postprandial glycemia. Conversely, there were no differences in postprandial glycemia when fortified bread was consumed as a composite meal, but acute lipid profiles were altered: (1) improved plasma HDL-c, ([0.0140 mmol/L, 95% CI: (0.00639, 0.0216)], p = 0.0028), Apo-A1 ([0.0296 mmol/L, 95% CI: (0.00757, 0.0515)], p = 0.0203), and Apo-B ([0.00880 mmol/L, 95% CI: (0.00243, 0.0152)], p = 0.0185), (2) modified LDL and HDL subfractions (p < 0.05), and (3) remodelled lipid distributions in HDL and LDL particles. This end-to-end study indicates the potential of ACN fortification in GI reduction and modulating postprandial lipoprotein profiles to starch- and fat-rich composite meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Jun Leong Ou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Dimeng Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hanny Putri Pranata
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Division of Endocrinology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Mei Hui Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Gál R, Halmosi R, Gallyas F, Tschida M, Mutirangura P, Tóth K, Alexy T, Czopf L. Resveratrol and beyond: The Effect of Natural Polyphenols on the Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2888. [PMID: 38001889 PMCID: PMC10669290 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unhealthy dietary habits have clearly been shown to contribute to the development of CVDs. Beyond the primary nutrients, a healthy diet is also rich in plant-derived compounds. Natural polyphenols, found in fruits, vegetables, and red wine, have a clear role in improving cardiovascular health. In this review, we strive to summarize the results of the relevant pre-clinical and clinical trials that focused on some of the most important natural polyphenols, such as resveratrol and relevant flavonoids. In addition, we aim to identify their common sources, biosynthesis, and describe their mechanism of action including their regulatory effect on signal transduction pathways. Finally, we provide scientific evidence regarding the cardiovascular benefits of moderate, long-term red wine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Gál
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Halmosi
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Michael Tschida
- Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Pornthira Mutirangura
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Kálmán Tóth
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Alexy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - László Czopf
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
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Quek YY, Cheng LJ, Ng YX, Hey HWD, Wu XV. Effectiveness of anthocyanin-rich foods on bone remodeling biomarkers of middle-aged and older adults at risk of osteoporosis: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad121. [PMID: 37796900 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Current osteoporosis pharmacological treatment has undesirable side effects. There is increasing focus on naturally derived food substances that contain phytonutrients with antioxidant effects in promoting health and regulating immune response. OBJECTIVE This review aims to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of anthocyanin-rich foods on bone remodeling biomarkers in middle-aged and older adults (≥40 y old) at risk of osteoporosis. DATA SOURCES Randomized controlled trials were searched on 8 bibliographic databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Food Science and Technology Abstracts, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) is exhibited from osteoblastic cells that gathered osteoclasts to bone sites for bone resorption, accelerating bone loss. Anthocyanin-rich food consumption showed statistically nonsignificant effects, with no substantial heterogeneity on bone remodeling biomarkers. However, there was a significant increase in lumbar spine L1-L4 bone mineral density. Mild-to-small effects were seen to largely favor the consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods. Berries (d = -0.44) have a larger effect size of RANKL than plums (d = 0.18), with statistically significant subgroup differences. Random-effects meta-regression found body mass index, total attrition rate, total energy, and dietary carbohydrate and fat intake were significant covariates for the effect size of RANKL. All outcomes had low certainty of evidence. CONCLUSION Anthocyanin-rich foods may improve bone health in middle-aged and older adults at risk of osteoporosis. This review contributes to the growing interest in nutrient-rich foods as a low-cost and modifiable alternative to promote human health and reduce disease burden. Future high-quality studies with larger sample sizes and longer treatment durations are required to fully understand the effect of anthocyanin-rich foods on bone health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022367136.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yi Quek
- Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ling Jie Cheng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Xuan Ng
- Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Hwee Weng Dennis Hey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Spine Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xi Vivien Wu
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- NUSMED Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Mao T, Akshit FNU, Mohan MS. Effects of anthocyanin supplementation in diet on glycemic and related cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1199815. [PMID: 37810926 PMCID: PMC10556752 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1199815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis based on RCTs on the effects of anthocyanins on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the effect on T2DM-related cardiovascular disease. Methods RCTs published in English from five electronic databases were evaluated for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose, fasting insulin, model assessment for insulin resistance, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. The quality of the studies was rated (Cochrane Risk of Bias tool) and weighted mean differences were calculated (DerSimonian-Laird model with random effects). Leave-one-out sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were conducted. The strength of the evidence was rated according to the GRADE guidelines. Results In all, 13 RCTs were analyzed out of the 239 identified studies, with a duration longer than 4 weeks (703 participants with T2DM). Our findings indicate that a median dose of 320 mg/day anthocyanins, either from fruit extracts or pure supplements, for a median intervention length of 8 weeks significantly reduced HbA1c [Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) -0.31, p = 0.00], FBG (WMD -0.63, p = 0.00), 2-h postprandial glucose (WMD -1.60, p = 0.00), TG (WMD -0.45, p = 0.01), and LDL (WMD -0.26 p = 0.02). However, the effects of anthocyanins on fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure in patients with T2DM were not statistically significant. Anthocyanins from fruit extracts or powder exhibited a higher reduction of HbA1c compared to pure anthocyanin supplements. Conclusion The significant improvements in glycemic parameters and lipid profile, suggest the benefits of anthocyanins, especially from fruit extract or powder, in the management of T2DM, and their ability to delay the onset of lipid disorder-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease associated with T2DM. The mechanism behind this reduction in glycemic markers could be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of anthocyanins. Further research with well-designed RCTs is required to determine the optimal dosage of anthocyanins for the treatment of T2DM and to comprehend the consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maneesha S. Mohan
- Alfred Dairy Science Laboratory, Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
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16
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Jang HH, Hwang IG, Lee YM. Effects of anthocyanin supplementation on blood lipid levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1207751. [PMID: 37649528 PMCID: PMC10463756 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1207751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dyslipidemia is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor associated with increased mortality. The intake of plant food-derived bioactive compounds is associated with beneficial cardiovascular effects, including decreased blood lipid levels and cardiovascular risk. We aimed to evaluate the effects of anthocyanin intake on blood lipid levels by analyzing relevant randomized controlled trials. Methods We searched the PubMed and Embase databases using the "Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes" format to determine whether anthocyanin supplementation intervention affected blood lipid levels compared with placebo supplementation in human participants. Results A total of 41 studies with 2,788 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Anthocyanin supplementation significantly reduced triglyceride [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.18, -0.01) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (SMD = -0.16; 95% CI -0.26, -0.07) levels and increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (SMD = 0.42; 95% CI 0.20, 0.65). Discussion Anthocyanin supplementation significantly improved blood lipid component levels in the included studies. Larger, well-designed clinical trials are needed to further investigate the effects of anthocyanin intake on blood lipid levels and the safety of anthocyanin supplementation for treating dyslipidemia. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021257087, identifier: CRD42021257087.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Hee Jang
- Functional Food Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Guk Hwang
- Functional Food Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Department of Practical Science Education, Gyeongin National University of Education, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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da Silva JYP, do Nascimento HMA, de Albuquerque TMR, Sampaio KB, Dos Santos Lima M, Monteiro M, Leite IB, da Silva EF, do Nascimento YM, da Silva MS, Tavares JF, de Brito Alves JL, de Oliveira MEG, de Souza EL. Revealing the Potential Impacts of Nutraceuticals Formulated with Freeze-Dried Jabuticaba Peel and Limosilactobacillus fermentum Strains Candidates for Probiotic Use on Human Intestinal Microbiota. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10134-x. [PMID: 37561381 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impacts of novel nutraceuticals formulated with freeze-dried jabuticaba peel (FJP) and three potentially probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains on the abundance of bacterial groups forming the human intestinal microbiota, metabolite production, and antioxidant capacity during in vitro colonic fermentation. The nutraceuticals had high viable counts of L. fermentum after freeze-drying (≥ 9.57 ± 0.09 log CFU/g). The nutraceuticals increased the abundance of Lactobacillus ssp./Enterococcus spp. (2.46-3.94%), Bifidobacterium spp. (2.28-3.02%), and Ruminococcus albus/R. flavefaciens (0.63-4.03%), while decreasing the abundance of Bacteroides spp./Prevotella spp. (3.91-2.02%), Clostridium histolyticum (1.69-0.40%), and Eubacterium rectale/C. coccoides (3.32-1.08%), which were linked to positive prebiotic indices (> 1.75). The nutraceuticals reduced the pH and increased the sugar consumption, short-chain fatty acid production, phenolic acid content, and antioxidant capacity, besides altering the metabolic profile during colonic fermentation. The combination of FJP and probiotic L. fermentum is a promising strategy to produce nutraceuticals targeting intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaielison Yandro Pereira da Silva
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Maria Almeida do Nascimento
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | - Karoliny Brito Sampaio
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Dos Santos Lima
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Sertão Pernambucano, Petrolina, PE, 56302-100, Brazil
| | - Mariana Monteiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Iris Batista Leite
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Evandro Ferreira da Silva
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines - IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Yuri Mangueira do Nascimento
- Health Sciences Center, Post-Graduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Health Sciences Center, Post-Graduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Health Sciences Center, Post-Graduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Elieidy Gomes de Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil.
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Sun H, Hu K, Wei S, Yao G, Zhang H. ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS 4.1/4.2 with an EAR motif repress anthocyanin biosynthesis in red-skinned pears. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1892-1912. [PMID: 36732887 PMCID: PMC10315276 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Red-skinned pears (Pyrus L.) are preferred to consumers for their attractive color and abundant anthocyanins. Pyrus ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 3 (PyERF3) positively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis through interacting with Pyrus myeloblastosis family 114 (PyMYB114) and Pyrus basic helix-loop-helix 3 (PybHLH3) in red-skinned pears. However, the role of APETALA2/ethylene response factors (AP2/ERFs), which negatively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis, remains unclear in red-skinned pears. Here, we validated that 2 AP2/ERFs, PyERF4.1 and PyERF4.2, screened from the transcriptome data of 'Starkrimson' pear (Pyrus communis L.) and its green mutant, inhibit anthocyanin biosynthesis in transgenic pear calli, as well as in overexpression and gene-edited tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits. Meanwhile, the co-transformation of PyERF4.1/PyERF4.2 with PyERF3-PyMYB114-PybHLH3 inhibited anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear fruits and strawberry (Fragaria vesca) receptacles. Further assays showed that PyMYB114 activated the transcription of PyERF4.1/PyERF4.2; PyERF4.1/PyERF4.2 then interacted with PyERF3 to affect the stability of the PyERF3-PyMYB114-PybHLH3 complex, thereby inhibiting the transcription of the anthocyanin biosynthesis gene Pyrus anthocyanidin synthase (PyANS). Furthermore, deletion of the ERF-associated-amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif eliminated the inhibitory effect of PyERF4.1/PyERF4.2 on anthocyanin biosynthesis, and a mutation of the PyERF4.2-EAR motif (LxLxM to LxLxL) strengthened the inhibitory effect, demonstrating that the EAR motif is indispensable for the inhibitory effect of PyERF4.1/PyERF4.2 on anthocyanin biosynthesis in pears. Our study has shed light on a feedback regulatory loop mechanism that balances the excessive accumulation of anthocyanins in red-skinned pears, providing insights into the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and the regulatory network of coloration in red-skinned pears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Kangdi Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shuwei Wei
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an 271000, China
| | - Gaifang Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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Neyestani TR, Yari Z, Rasekhi H, Nikooyeh B. How effective are anthocyanins on healthy modification of cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:106. [PMID: 37221605 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this meta-analysis, findings from recent studies on the preventive properties of anthocyanins (ACN) against cardiovascular disease are summarized. METHODS MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched and 2512 studies were found in a preliminary search. After screening of titles and abstracts, 47 studies met the inclusion criteria (randomized clinical trial design and sufficient data of outcomes). Studies were excluded based on the following criteria: incomplete data; obscurely reported outcomes, or lack of control groups; and animal studies. RESULTS The results showed that intervention with ACNs resulted in a significant decrease in body mass index ((MD),- 0.21; 95% CI, - 0.38, - 0.04; P < 0.001) and body fat mass (MD: - 0.3%, 95% CI - 0.42 to - 0.18%, p < 0.001). Pooled data comparing ACN with control showed statistically significant effect on fasting blood sugar and HbA1c. However, the reductions were significantly more in the subjects with type 2 diabetes and in those who used ACN as supplement/extract. The subgroup analysis test showed that there was a significant effect of ACN on triglyceride concentrations, total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations in all subgroups of participants (with vs. without dyslipidemia at baseline) and intervention type (supplement/extract vs. food). However, we did not observe any significant effect on apo A and apo B concentrations. CONCLUSIONS ACN intake in the forms of natural foods and supplements can induce healthy changes in body fat mass, glycemic and lipidemic status and these effects are more prominent in the subjects with above-normal values. This meta-analysis was registered at http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/Prospero (Registration no. CRD42021286466).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirang R Neyestani
- Nutrition Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 198161957, Iran
| | - Zahra Yari
- Nutrition Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 198161957, Iran
| | - Hamid Rasekhi
- Nutrition Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 198161957, Iran
| | - Bahareh Nikooyeh
- Nutrition Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 198161957, Iran.
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Fu D, Chen Y, Gao F. Yeast One-Hybrid Screening for Transcription Factors of IbbHLH2 in Purple-Fleshed Sweet Potato. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051042. [PMID: 37239402 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor IbbHLH2 has been identified as involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in purple-flesh sweet potatoes. However, little is known about the upstream transcription regulators of the promoter of IbbHLH2 in terms of their involvement in anthocyanin biosynthesis. For this study, the transcription regulators of the promoter of IbbHLH2 were screened via yeast one-hybrid assays in purple-fleshed sweet potato storage roots. Seven proteins, namely IbERF1, IbERF10, IbEBF2, IbPDC, IbPGP19, IbUR5GT, and IbDRM, were screened as upstream binding proteins of the promoter of IbbHLH2. The interactions between the promoter and these upstream binding proteins were verified using dual-luciferase reporter and yeast two-hybrid assays. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of transcription regulators, transcription factors, and structural genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis of different root stages of purple and white-fleshed sweet potatoes were analyzed via real-time PCR. The obtained results indicate that IbERF1 and IbERF10 are key transcription regulators of the promoter of IbbHLH2 and are involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple-fleshed sweet potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danwen Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Yahui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Araya-Quintanilla F, Beatriz-Pizarro A, Sepúlveda-Loyola W, Maluf J, Pavez L, López-Gil JF, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H. Effectiveness of anthocyanins rich foods on cardiometabolic factors in individuals with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2023:10.1007/s00394-023-03142-8. [PMID: 37042998 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to determine whether anthocyanin-rich foods are effective to improve cardiometabolic markers in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS), compared with placebo or control interventions. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, LILACS, CINAHL, and Web of Science from their inception up to March 2022. We include clinical trials (randomized clinical trials, controlled clinical trials, and cross-over trials) with anthocyanin-rich foods versus placebo or control intervention that assessment cardiometabolic factors. RESULTS We found 14 clinical trials that met the eligibility criteria, and we included 10 studies for the quantitative synthesis. For anthocyanin-rich foods versus control interventions, the mean difference (MD) for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was - 7.98 mg/dL (CI = - 15.20 to - 0.77, GRADE: Very low). For homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the MD was 0.04 (CI = 0.08 to 0.16, GRADE: Moderate). The MD for interleukin 6 was 0.00 pg/mL (CI = - 0.01 to 0.00, GRADE: Low). For tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), the standardized mean difference (SMD) was - 0.52 pg/mL (CI = 0.85 to 0.19 GRADE: Very low) when compared with the control interventions. The certainty of the evidence for the other outcomes it is very low. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that anthocyanin-rich foods could improve certain cardiometabolic markers (e.g., TC, TG, LDL, and TNF-α) among individuals with MetS (with very low quality evidence according to GRADE), compared with placebo or other control interventions. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020187287.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Araya-Quintanilla
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Walter Sepúlveda-Loyola
- Department of Physiotherapy, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Las Americas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jordana Maluf
- Department of Physiotherapy, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Pavez
- NIAVA, Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Av. Manuel Montt 948, Providencia, 7500972, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Francisco López-Gil
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
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22
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Tao Z, Zhang R, Zuo W, Ji Z, Fan Z, Chen X, Huang R, Li X, Ma G. Association between dietary intake of anthocyanidins and heart failure among American adults: NHANES (2007–2010 and 2017–2018). Front Nutr 2023; 10:1107637. [PMID: 37090778 PMCID: PMC10113463 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1107637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDespite anthocyanidins have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, no studies have researched association between dietary intake of anthocyanidins and heart failure.MethodsWe enrolled 15,869 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007–2010 and 2017–2018) in this cross-sectional study. We examined baseline data and prevalence of heart failure in different quartile groups of anthocyanin intake (Q1-4). Three models were established through logistic regression to evaluate the protective effect of Q4 (highest anthocyanidins intake) on heart failure. The protective effect of high anthocyanidins intake on heart failure was further evaluated in different subgroups.ResultsParticipants with the highest anthocyanidins intake (Q4) had the lowest prevalence of heart failure (Q1:2.54%, Q2:2.33%, Q3:2.43%, Q4:1.57%, p = 0.02). After adjusting for possible confounding factors, compared with the Q1 group, the highest anthocyanidins intake (Q4) was independently related to lower presence of heart failure (Q4: OR 0.469, 95%CI [0.289, 0.732], p = 0.003). And this association was still stable in subgroups of female, ≥45 years, smoker, non-Hispanic White or without diabetes, stroke and renal failure.ConclusionDietary intake of anthocyanidins had negative association with the presence of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixiao Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenjun Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongguo Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Genshan Ma,
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23
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Kiyimba T, Yiga P, Bamuwamye M, Ogwok P, Van der Schueren B, Matthys C. Efficacy of Dietary Polyphenols from Whole Foods and Purified Food Polyphenol Extracts in Optimizing Cardiometabolic Health: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:270-282. [PMID: 36796437 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The evidence from clinical trials concerning the efficacy of dietary polyphenols on cardiometabolic health is divergent. Therefore, this review aimed to determine the pooled effect of dietary polyphenols on cardiometabolic risk markers and compare the difference in efficacy between whole polyphenol-rich foods and purified food polyphenol extracts. We conducted a random-effect model meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of polyphenols on blood pressure, lipid profile, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), fasting blood glucose (FBG), waist circumference, and markers of inflammation. Effect size was expressed as weighted mean difference and 95% CI. RCTs published in English between 2000 and 2021 involving adult participants with cardiometabolic risks were searched in electronic databases. Forty-six RCTs involving 2494 participants with a mean age of 53.3 ±10 y were included in this review. Whole polyphenol-rich food but not purified food polyphenol extracts significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP, -3.69 mmHg; 95% CI: -4.24, -3.15 mmHg; P = 0.00001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, -1.44 mmHg; 95% CI: -2.56, -0.31 mmHg; P = 0.0002). Concerning waist circumference, purified food polyphenol extracts led to a larger effect (-3.04 cm; 95% CI: -7.06, -0.98 cm; P = 0.14). Significant effects on total cholesterol (-9.03 mg/dL; 95% CI: -16.46, -1.06 mg/dL; P = 0.02) and TGs (-13.43 mg/dL; 95% CI: -23.63, -3.23; P = 0.01) were observed when purified food polyphenol extracts were considered separately. None of the intervention materials significantly affected LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, FBG, IL-6, and CRP. When both whole food and extracts were pooled together, there was a significant reduction in SBP, DBP, FMD, TGs, and total cholesterol. These findings suggest that polyphenols both as whole food and purified extracts can be efficacious in reducing cardiometabolic risks. However, these results must be interpreted with caution because of high heterogeneity and risk of bias among RCTs. This study was registered on PROSPERO as CRD42021241807.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonny Kiyimba
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda; Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Yiga
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda; Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Bamuwamye
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patrick Ogwok
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bart Van der Schueren
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Matthys
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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24
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Ou SJL, Fu AS, Liu MH. Impact of Starch-Rich Food Matrices on Black Rice Anthocyanin Accessibility and Carbohydrate Digestibility. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040880. [PMID: 36832955 PMCID: PMC9957438 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins reduce starch digestibility via carbohydrase-inhibitory pathways, but food matrix effects during digestion may also influence its enzymatic function. Understanding anthocyanin-food matrix interactions is significant as the efficiency of carbohydrase inhibition relies on anthocyanin accessibility during digestion. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the influence of food matrices on black rice anthocyanin accessibility in relation to starch digestibility in common settings of anthocyanin consumption-its co-ingestion with food, and consumption of fortified food. Our findings indicate that black rice anthocyanin extracts (BRAE) had reduced intestinal digestibility of bread to a larger extent for the co-digestion of BRAE with bread (39.3%) (4CO), than BRAE-fortified bread (25.9%) (4FO). Overall anthocyanin accessibility was about 5% greater from the co-digestion with bread than fortified bread across all digestion phases. Differences in anthocyanin accessibility were also noted with changes to gastrointestinal pH and food matrix compositions-with up to 10.1% (oral to gastric) and 73.4% (gastric to intestinal) reductions in accessibility with pH changes, and 3.4% greater accessibility in protein matrices than starch matrices. Our findings demonstrate that the modulation of starch digestibility by anthocyanin is a combined result of its accessibility, food matrix composition, and gastrointestinal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Jun Leong Ou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Amanda Simin Fu
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Mei Hui Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6516-3523
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25
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Oteiza PI, Cremonini E, Fraga CG. Anthocyanin actions at the gastrointestinal tract: Relevance to their health benefits. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 89:101156. [PMID: 36379746 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins (AC) are flavonoids abundant in the human diet, which consumption has been associated to several health benefits, including the mitigation of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and neurological disorders. It is widely recognized that the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is not only central for food digestion but actively participates in the regulation of whole body physiology. Given that AC, and their metabolites reach high concentrations in the intestinal lumen after food consumption, their biological actions at the GI tract can in part explain their proposed local and systemic health benefits. In terms of mechanisms of action, AC have been found to: i) inhibit GI luminal enzymes that participate in the absorption of lipids and carbohydrates; ii) preserve intestinal barrier integrity and prevent endotoxemia, inflammation and oxidative stress; iii) sustain goblet cell number, immunological functions, and mucus production; iv) promote a healthy microbiota; v) be metabolized by the microbiota to AC metabolites which will be absorbed and have systemic effects; and vi) modulate the metabolism of GI-generated hormones. This review will summarize and discuss the latest information on AC actions at the GI tract and their relationship to overall health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, USA.
| | - Eleonora Cremonini
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Cesar G Fraga
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA; Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Effect of anthocyanins on gut health markers, Firmicutes-Bacteroidetes ratio and short-chain fatty acids: a systematic review via meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1729. [PMID: 36720989 PMCID: PMC9889808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28764-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers discovered that diets rich in anthocyanin-rich fruits and vegetables significantly impacted gut flora. To conclude, large-scale randomized controlled clinical trials are challenging to conduct; therefore, merging data from multiple small studies may aid. A systematic review collects and analyses all research on a particular subject and design. This comprehensive review and meta-analysis examined the influence of dietary anthocyanins on Firmicutes/Bacteroide (Fir/Bac) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content. The current meta-analysis followed the guidelines of PRISMA-the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Diets high in anthocyanins substantially reduced the Fir/Bac ratio in the assessed trials. Among three SCFAs, the highest impact was observed on acetic acid, followed by propionic acid, and then butanoic acid. The meta-analysis results also obtained sufficient heterogeneity, as indicated by I2 values. There is strong evidence that anthocyanin supplementation improves rodent gut health biomarkers (Fir/Bac and SCFAs), reducing obesity-induced gut dysbiosis, as revealed in this systematic review/meta-analysis. Anthocyanin intervention duration and dosage significantly influenced the Fir/Bac ratio and SCFA. Anthocyanin-rich diets were more effective when consumed over an extended period and at a high dosage.
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Dark Sweet Cherry ( Prunus avium) Supplementation Reduced Blood Pressure and Pro-Inflammatory Interferon Gamma (IFNγ) in Obese Adults without Affecting Lipid Profile, Glucose Levels and Liver Enzymes. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030681. [PMID: 36771387 PMCID: PMC9920461 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dark sweet cherries (DSC) are rich in fiber and polyphenols that decrease risk factors associated with obesity. This single-blind randomized placebo-controlled study investigated DSC effects on inflammation, cardiometabolic, and liver health biomarkers in obese adults. Participants (>18 years, body mass index (BMI) = 30-40 kg/m2) consumed 200 mL of DSC drink (juice supplemented with DSC powder) (n = 19) or a placebo drink (n = 21) twice/day for 30 days. Anthropometric and physiological biomarkers were monitored at baseline (D1), mid-point (D15), and endpoint (D30) visits. Blood inflammatory biomarkers were assessed at D1, D15, and D30, and blood lipids, glucose, and liver enzymes at D1 and D30. DSC consumption lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = 0.05) and decreased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) compared to placebo (p = 0.04). Stratification of participants by BMI revealed a greater (p = 0.008) SBP reduction in BMI > 35 participants. DSC lowered pro-inflammatory interferon-gamma (IFNγ) (p = 0.001), which correlated with SBP changes. The interleukin (IL)-1RA and SBP changes were correlated in the placebo group, as well as triglycerides (TG) with DBP. The increased IL-10 levels in the placebo group suggested a compensatory mechanism to counteract elevated IFNγ levels. No significant between-group differences were detected for blood lipids, glucose, and liver enzymes. In conclusion, DSC helped to decrease blood pressure levels and inflammation in obese adults.
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28
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Yarhosseini F, Darand M, Sangsefidi ZS, Mozaffari‐Khosravi H, Hosseinzadeh M. Does anthocyanins consumption affect weight and body composition? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Sci Pract 2023; 9:42-58. [PMID: 36789026 PMCID: PMC9913187 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Anthocyanins (ACNs) are water-soluble plant pigments belong to flavonoids with beneficial effects on health and disease prevention. Some studies have examined the effect of ACNs on anthropometric and body composition indices, but the findings were inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of ACNs and sources rich in anthocyanins on body mass index (BMI), body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), percentage of fat mass (PFM) and fat free mass (FFM). Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched with no limitation until May 2021 to find relevant randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT). The risk of bias was assessed utilizing Cochrane collaboration's tool. Weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using a random effects model. Results A total of 31 RCTs (with 0.77-640 mg/day of ACNs supplementation for 28-90 days) with 1438 participants were included. No significant effect was found in BMI, WC, HC, WHR, PFM and FFM after ACNs consumption. Conclusions The results showed that ACNs did not significantly affect anthropometric and body composition parameters. Further high-quality RCTs are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Yarhosseini
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran,Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Mina Darand
- Department of Clinical NutritionSchool of Nutrition and Food ScienceFood Security Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Zohreh Sadat Sangsefidi
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari‐Khosravi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran,Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran,Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
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Associations of dietary flavonoids and subclasses with total and cardiovascular mortality among 369,827 older people: The NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Atherosclerosis 2023; 365:1-8. [PMID: 36563462 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study aimed to investigate the associations between flavonoid intake and total and cardiovascular mortality in the older participants from the prospective National Institute of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study. METHODS We included 369,827 eligible participants (mean age 61.2 ± 5.4 years) who were free of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers, diabetes, and end-stage renal disease at baseline. Dietary flavonoids and major subclasses (flavan-3-ols, flavones, anthocyanidins, flavonones, and flavonols) were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 23.5 years, we identified 143,403 deaths, of which 40,660 from CVDs. After adjustment for major confounders, total dietary flavonoids and most flavonoid subclasses were related to significantly lower total mortality (hazard ratios: 0.87-0.94), comparing the highest and lowest quintiles. Besides, higher intakes of total flavonoids, flavonols, anthocyanidins, and flavones were consistently associated with lower risks of death from all CVDs (hazard ratios: 0.90-0.93), ischemic heart disease (hazard ratios: 0.89-0.94), cerebrovascular disease (hazard ratios: 0.84-0.89), and peripheral artery disease (hazard ratios: 0.79-0.81). Subgroup analysis revealed that the inverse relationships between dietary flavonoids and total and CVD mortality were more evident in former/current smokers than in never-smokers. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, high intakes of flavonoids were linked to lower total and CVD mortality among older people. Our results extended the current evidence that frequent consumption of flavonoids could be a practical approach to improving cardiovascular health during aging.
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Zhou Y, Suo W, Zhang X, Yang Y, Zhao W, Li H, Ni Q. Targeting epigenetics in diabetic cardiomyopathy: Therapeutic potential of flavonoids. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114025. [PMID: 36399824 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy have been extensively studied, but there is still a lack of effective prevention and treatment methods. The ability of flavonoids to protect the heart from diabetic cardiomyopathy has been extensively described. In recent years, epigenetics has received increasing attention from scholars in exploring the etiology and treatment of diabetes and its complications. DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs play key functions in the development, maintenance and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Hence, prevention or reversal of the epigenetic alterations that have occurred during the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy may alleviate the personal and social burden of the disease. Flavonoids can be used as natural epigenetic modulators in alternative therapies for diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we discuss the epigenetic effects of different flavonoid subtypes in diabetic cardiomyopathy and summarize the evidence from preclinical and clinical studies that already exist. However, limited research is available on the potential beneficial effects of flavonoids on the epigenetics of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In the future, clinical trials in which different flavonoids exert their antidiabetic and cardioprotective effects through various epigenetic mechanisms should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhou
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wendong Suo
- LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinai Zhang
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Weizhe Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China
| | - Hong Li
- LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qing Ni
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, China.
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31
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An P, Wan S, Luo Y, Luo J, Zhang X, Zhou S, Xu T, He J, Mechanick JI, Wu WC, Ren F, Liu S. Micronutrient Supplementation to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 80:2269-2285. [PMID: 36480969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy dietary patterns are rich in micronutrients, but their influence on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks has not been systematically quantified. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to provide a comprehensive and most up-to-date evidence-based map that systematically quantifies the impact of micronutrients on CVD outcomes. METHODS This study comprised a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled intervention trials of micronutrients on CVD risk factors and clinical events. RESULTS A total of 884 randomized controlled intervention trials evaluating 27 types of micronutrients among 883,627 participants (4,895,544 person-years) were identified. Supplementation with n-3 fatty acid, n-6 fatty acid, l-arginine, l-citrulline, folic acid, vitamin D, magnesium, zinc, α-lipoic acid, coenzyme Q10, melatonin, catechin, curcumin, flavanol, genistein, and quercetin showed moderate- to high-quality evidence for reducing CVD risk factors. Specifically, n-3 fatty acid supplementation decreased CVD mortality (relative risk [RR]: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88-0.97), myocardial infarction (RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.78-0.92), and coronary heart disease events (RR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.80-0.93). Folic acid supplementation decreased stroke risk (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.72-0.97), and coenzyme Q10 supplementation decreased all-cause mortality events (RR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.49-0.94). Vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and selenium showed no effect on CVD or type 2 diabetes risk. β-carotene supplementation increased all-cause mortality (RR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05-1.15), CVD mortality events (RR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.06-1.18), and stroke risk (RR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01-1.17). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of some but not all micronutrients may benefit cardiometabolic health. This study highlights the importance of micronutrient diversity and the balance of benefits and risks to promote and maintain cardiovascular health in diverse populations. (Antioxidant Supplementation in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases; CRD42022315165).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng An
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sitong Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongting Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing He
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jeffrey I Mechanick
- Kravis Center for Clinical Cardiovascular Health at Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; Department of Surgery, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Simin Liu
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; Department of Surgery, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
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32
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Behind the Scenes of Anthocyanins-From the Health Benefits to Potential Applications in Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Fields. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235133. [PMID: 36501163 PMCID: PMC9738495 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are widespread and biologically active water-soluble phenolic pigments responsible for a wide range of vivid colours, from red (acidic conditions) to purplish blue (basic conditions), present in fruits, vegetables, and coloured grains. The pigments' stability and colours are influenced mainly by pH but also by structure, temperature, and light. The colour-stabilizing mechanisms of plants are determined by inter- and intramolecular co-pigmentation and metal complexation, driven by van der Waals, π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and metal-ligand interactions. This group of flavonoids is well-known to have potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which explains the biological effects associated with them. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the role of anthocyanins as natural colorants, showing they are less harmful than conventional colorants, with several technological potential applications in different industrial fields, namely in the textile and food industries, as well as in the development of photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells, as new photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy, pharmaceuticals, and in the cosmetic industry, mainly on the formulation of skin care formulations, sunscreen filters, nail colorants, skin & hair cleansing products, amongst others. In addition, we will unveil some of the latest studies about the health benefits of anthocyanins, mainly focusing on the protection against the most prevalent human diseases mediated by oxidative stress, namely cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes. The contribution of anthocyanins to visual health is also very relevant and will be briefly explored.
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Kőrösi L, Molnár S, Teszlák P, Dörnyei Á, Maul E, Töpfer R, Marosvölgyi T, Szabó É, Röckel F. Comparative Study on Grape Berry Anthocyanins of Various Teinturier Varieties. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223668. [PMID: 36429259 PMCID: PMC9689461 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The red-fleshed grape cultivars, called teinturier or dyer grapes, contain anthocyanins in both the skin and flesh. These phenolic compounds exhibit excellent coloring ability, and as antioxidants, they are important bioactive compounds in food crops. In this work, anthocyanin patterns of grape berries of fifteen teinturier varieties collected from the gene bank located at Pécs in the southwest of Hungary were compared. Anthocyanin profiles of numerous varieties originating from Hungary such as 'Bíborkadarka', 'Kármin', 'Kurucvér', and 'Turán' are reported for the first time. Anthocyanins extracted separately from the skin and juice were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector. For the identification of compounds, high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry was used. All in all, twenty-one anthocyanins were identified and quantified. We found that anthocyanin patterns differed significantly in the skin and juice for all investigated cultivars. For Vitis vinifera varieties, the predominant anthocyanin in the skin was malvidin-3-O-glucoside, while the main pigment in the juice was peonidin-3-O-glucoside. For the first time, a significant amount of diglucosides was detected in two Vitis Vinifera cultivars with a direct relationship. In general, the pigment composition of the skin was much more complex than that of the juice. The comparative study with presented patterns gives valuable and beneficial information from a chemotaxonomical point of view. Our results also help to choose the appropriate teinturier varieties with the desired anthocyanins for food coloring or winemaking purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Kőrösi
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, 7634 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Szilárd Molnár
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, 7634 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Teszlák
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, 7634 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Dörnyei
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Maul
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Töpfer
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Tamás Marosvölgyi
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Franco Röckel
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
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Luo M, Mai M, Song W, Yuan Q, Feng X, Xia E, Guo H. The Antiaging Activities of Phytochemicals in Dark-Colored Plant Foods: Involvement of the Autophagy- and Apoptosis-Associated Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911038. [PMID: 36232338 PMCID: PMC9569742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, human life expectancy has increased by about 10 years, but this has not been accompanied by a corresponding increase in healthy lifespan. Aging is associated with a wide range of human disorders, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Delaying the aging of organs or tissues and improving the physiological functions of the elderly can reduce the risk of aging-related diseases. Autophagy and apoptosis are crucial mechanisms for cell survival and tissue homeostasis, and may also be primary aging-regulatory pathways. Recent epidemiological studies have shown that eating more colorful plant foods could increase life expectancy. Several representative phytochemicals in dark-colored plant foods such as quercetin, catechin, curcumin, anthocyanins, and lycopene have apparent antiaging potential. Nevertheless, the antiaging signaling pathways of the phytochemicals from dark-colored plant foods remain elusive. In the present review, we summarized autophagy- and apoptosis-associated targeting pathways of those phytochemicals and discussed the core targets involved in the antiaging effects. Further clinical evaluation and exploitation of phytochemicals as antiaging agents are needed to develop novel antiaging therapeutics for preventing age-related diseases and improving a healthy lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliu Luo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Meiqing Mai
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wanhan Song
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qianhua Yuan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiaoling Feng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Enqin Xia
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Honghui Guo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-769-2289-6576
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Peniche-Pavía HA, Guzmán TJ, Magaña-Cerino JM, Gurrola-Díaz CM, Tiessen A. Maize Flavonoid Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Human Health Relevance: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165166. [PMID: 36014406 PMCID: PMC9413827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Maize is one of the most important crops for human and animal consumption and contains a chemical arsenal essential for survival: flavonoids. Moreover, flavonoids are well known for their beneficial effects on human health. In this review, we decided to organize the information about maize flavonoids into three sections. In the first section, we include updated information about the enzymatic pathway of maize flavonoids. We describe a total of twenty-one genes for the flavonoid pathway of maize. The first three genes participate in the general phenylpropanoid pathway. Four genes are common biosynthetic early genes for flavonoids, and fourteen are specific genes for the flavonoid subgroups, the anthocyanins, and flavone C-glycosides. The second section explains the tissue accumulation and regulation of flavonoids by environmental factors affecting the expression of the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) transcriptional complex. The study of transcription factors of the MBW complex is fundamental for understanding how the flavonoid profiles generate a palette of colors in the plant tissues. Finally, we also include an update of the biological activities of C3G, the major maize anthocyanin, including anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant effects, among others. This review intends to disclose and integrate the existing knowledge regarding maize flavonoid pigmentation and its relevance in the human health sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor A. Peniche-Pavía
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Unidad Irapuato, Libramiento Norte Km. 9.6, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Tereso J. Guzmán
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jesús M. Magaña-Cerino
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Av. Gregorio Méndez Magaña 2838-A, Col. Tamulté de las Barrancas, Villahermosa 86150, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Carmen M. Gurrola-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, C. Sierra Mojada 950. Col. Independencia, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-33-10585200 (ext. 33930)
| | - Axel Tiessen
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Unidad Irapuato, Libramiento Norte Km. 9.6, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Dufour C, Villa-Rodriguez JA, Furger C, Lessard-Lord J, Gironde C, Rigal M, Badr A, Desjardins Y, Guyonnet D. Cellular Antioxidant Effect of an Aronia Extract and Its Polyphenolic Fractions Enriched in Proanthocyanidins, Phenolic Acids, and Anthocyanins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081561. [PMID: 36009281 PMCID: PMC9405024 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation contribute to some chronic diseases. Aronia berries are rich in polyphenols. The aim of the present study was to characterize the cellular antioxidant effect of an aronia extract to reflect the potential physiological in vivo effect. Cellular in vitro assays in three cell lines (Caco-2, HepG2, and SH-SY5Y) were used to measure the antioxidant effect of AE, in three enriched polyphenolic fractions (A1: anthocyanins and phenolic acids; A2: oligomeric proanthocyanidins; A3: polymeric proanthocyanidins), pure polyphenols and microbial metabolites. Both direct (intracellular and membrane radical scavenging, catalase-like effect) and indirect (NRF2/ARE) antioxidant effects were assessed. AE exerted an intracellular free radical scavenging activity in the three cell lines, and A2 and A3 fractions showed a higher effect in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells. AE also exhibited a catalase-like activity, with the A3 fraction having a significant higher activity. Only A1 fraction activated the NRF2/ARE pathway. Quercetin and caffeic acid are the most potent antioxidant polyphenols, whereas cyanidin and 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone showed the highest antioxidant effect among polyphenol metabolites. AE rich in polyphenols possesses broad cellular antioxidant effects, and proanthocyanidins are major contributors. Polyphenol metabolites may contribute to the overall antioxidant effect of such extract in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Dufour
- Anti Oxidant Power AOP/MH2F-LAAS/CNRS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 54200, 31031 Toulouse, France
| | - Jose A. Villa-Rodriguez
- Business Incubation Group, Symrise Taste, Nutrition & Health, 1E Allée Ermengarde d’Anjou, 35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-02-56-01-64-60
| | - Christophe Furger
- Anti Oxidant Power AOP/MH2F-LAAS/CNRS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 54200, 31031 Toulouse, France
| | - Jacob Lessard-Lord
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Camille Gironde
- Anti Oxidant Power AOP/MH2F-LAAS/CNRS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 54200, 31031 Toulouse, France
| | - Mylène Rigal
- Anti Oxidant Power AOP/MH2F-LAAS/CNRS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 54200, 31031 Toulouse, France
| | - Ashraf Badr
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Denis Guyonnet
- Business Incubation Group, Symrise Taste, Nutrition & Health, 1E Allée Ermengarde d’Anjou, 35000 Rennes, France
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Phenol metabolic fingerprint and selection of intake biomarkers after acute and sustained consumption of red-fleshed apple versus common apple in humans. The AppleCOR study. Food Chem 2022; 384:132612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Vendrame S, Adekeye TE, Klimis-Zacas D. The Role of Berry Consumption on Blood Pressure Regulation and Hypertension: An Overview of the Clinical Evidence. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132701. [PMID: 35807881 PMCID: PMC9268395 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of a relationship between the consumption of dietary berries and blood pressure reduction in humans has been repeatedly hypothesized and documented by an increasing body of epidemiological and clinical evidence that has accumulated in recent years. However, results are mixed and complicated by a number of potentially confounding factors. The objective of this article is to review and summarize the available clinical evidence examining the effects of berry consumption on blood pressure regulation as well as the prevention or treatment of hypertension in humans, providing an overview of the potential contribution of distinctive berry polyphenols (anthocyanins, condensed tannins and ellagic acid), and results of dietary interventions with blueberries, bilberries, cranberries, raspberries, strawberries, chokeberries, cherries, blackcurrants and açai berries. We conclude that, while there is insufficient evidence supporting the existence of a direct blood pressure lowering effect, there is stronger evidence for specific types of berries acting indirectly to normalize blood pressure in subjects that are already hypertensive.
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Should We ‘Eat a Rainbow’? An Umbrella Review of the Health Effects of Colorful Bioactive Pigments in Fruits and Vegetables. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134061. [PMID: 35807307 PMCID: PMC9268388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Health promotion campaigns have advocated for individuals to ‘eat a rainbow’ of fruits and vegetables (FV). However, the literature has only focused on individual color pigments or individual health outcomes. This umbrella review synthesized the evidence on the health effects of a variety of color-associated bioactive pigments found in FV (carotenoids, flavonoids, betalains and chlorophylls), compared to placebo or low intakes. A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and CENTRAL was conducted on 20 October 2021, without date limits. Meta-analyzed outcomes were evaluated for certainty via the GRADE system. Risk of bias was assessed using the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine critical appraisal tools. A total of 86 studies were included, 449 meta-analyzed health outcomes, and data from over 37 million participants were identified. A total of 42% of health outcomes were improved by color-associated pigments (91% GRADE rating very low to low). Unique health effects were identified: n = 6 red, n = 10 orange, n = 3 yellow, n = 6 pale yellow, n = 3 white, n = 8 purple/blue and n = 1 green. Health outcomes associated with multiple color pigments were body weight, lipid profile, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, mortality, type 2 diabetes and cancer. Findings show that color-associated FV variety may confer additional benefits to population health beyond total FV intake.
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Effects of Blueberry Consumption on Cardiovascular Health in Healthy Adults: A Cross-Over Randomised Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132562. [PMID: 35807742 PMCID: PMC9268639 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Blueberries are rich in polyphenols, and their effect on cardiovascular health, including risk factors for endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, has been investigated in interventional studies. However, the difference between blueberry treatments in varied forms for their cardiovascular-protective effect remains poorly understood. The current study assessed the effects of whole blueberry and freeze-dried blueberry powder compared to a control on cardiovascular health in young adults. A cross-over randomised controlled trial (RCT) was implemented with 1 week of treatment for three treatment groups, each followed by 1 week of wash out period. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), plasma cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and total cholesterol) and triglyceride levels (TAG), and glucose and nitrite (NO2-) concentrations were compared following fresh blueberry, freeze-dried blueberry powder, and control treatments. Thirty-seven participants with a mean age of 25.86 ± 6.81 completed the study. No significant difference was observed among fresh blueberry, blueberry powder, and the control arm. Plasma NO2- levels were improved by 68.66% and 4.34% separately following whole blueberry and blueberry powder supplementations compared to the baseline, whereas the control supplementation reported a decrease (−9.10%), although it was not statistically significant. There were no other effects shown for SBP, DBP, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, TAG, or glucose. No difference was shown between whole blueberry and freeze-dried blueberry powder consumption for improving cardiovascular health.
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A review on valorization of different byproducts of mango (Mangifera indica L.) for functional food and human health. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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42
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Cremonini E, Daveri E, Iglesias DE, Kang J, Wang Z, Gray R, Mastaloudis A, Kay CD, Hester SN, Wood SM, Fraga CG, Oteiza PI. A randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study on the effects of anthocyanins on inflammatory and metabolic responses to a high-fat meal in healthy subjects. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102273. [PMID: 35255426 PMCID: PMC8902616 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of supplementation with a cyanidin- and delphinidin-rich extract (CDRE) on the postprandial dysmetabolism, inflammation, and redox and insulin signaling, triggered by the consumption of a high fat meal (HFM) in healthy individuals. Participants (n = 25) consumed a 1026-kcal HFM simultaneously with either the CDRE providing 320.4 mg of anthocyanins (90% cyanidin and delphinidin) or placebo. Diets were randomly assigned in a double blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. Blood was collected prior to (fasted, time 0), and for 5 h after meal consumption; plasma, serum, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated. AC metabolites were detected in serum as early as 30 min after CDRE consumption. The CDRE mitigated HFM-induced endotoxemia, reducing increases in plasma LPS and LPS-binding protein. The CDRE also reduced other events associated with HFM-triggered postprandial dysmetabolism including: i) plasma glucose and triglyceride increases; ii) TNFα and NOX4 upregulation in PBMC; and iii) JNK1/2 activation in PBMC. The CDRE did not significantly affect HFM-mediated increases in plasma insulin, GLP-1, GLP-2, GIP, and LDL- and HDL-cholesterol, and IKK phosphorylation in PBMC. In summary, dietary AC, i.e. cyanidin and delphinidin, exerted beneficial actions against unhealthy diets by modulating the associated postprandial dysmetabolism, endotoxemia, alterations of glycemia and lipidemia, and redox and insulin signaling.
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Sinclair J, Bottoms L, Dillon S, Allan R, Shadwell G, Butters B. Effects of Montmorency Tart Cherry and Blueberry Juice on Cardiometabolic and Other Health-Related Outcomes: A Three-Arm Placebo Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095317. [PMID: 35564709 PMCID: PMC9103925 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the influence of tart cherry and blueberry juices on cardiometabolic and other health indices following a 20-day supplementation period. Forty-five adults were randomly assigned to receive tart cherry, blueberry, or a placebo, of which they drank 60 mL per day for 20 days. The primary outcome, which was systolic blood pressure, and secondary measures, including anthropometric, energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, hematological, diastolic blood pressure/resting heart rate, psychological wellbeing, and sleep efficacy, were measured before and after the intervention. There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) for systolic blood pressure; however, total and LDL cholesterol were significantly improved with blueberry intake (pre: total cholesterol = 4.36 mmol/L and LDL cholesterol = 2.71 mmol/L; post: total cholesterol = 3.79 mmol/L and LDL cholesterol = 2.23 mmol/L) compared to placebo (pre: total cholesterol = 4.01 mmol/L and LDL cholesterol = 2.45 mmol/L; post: total cholesterol = 4.34 mmol/L and LDL cholesterol = 2.67 mmol/L). Furthermore, psychological wellbeing indices measured using the Beck Depression Inventory, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and COOP WONCA improved statistically in the blueberry arm compared to placebo. Given the clear association between lipid concentrations and the risk of cardiovascular disease as well as the importance of psychological wellbeing to health-related quality of life, this investigation indicates that it could be an effective approach to assist in managing cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sinclair
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (S.D.); (R.A.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lindsay Bottoms
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Sport Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK;
| | - Stephanie Dillon
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (S.D.); (R.A.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Robert Allan
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (S.D.); (R.A.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Gareth Shadwell
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (S.D.); (R.A.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Bobbie Butters
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (S.D.); (R.A.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
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Kim SJ, Anh NH, Jung CW, Long NP, Park S, Cho YH, Yoon YC, Lee EG, Kim M, Son EY, Kim TH, Deng Y, Lim J, Kwon SW. Metabolic and Cardiovascular Benefits of Apple and Apple-Derived Products: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Nutr 2022; 9:766155. [PMID: 35449537 PMCID: PMC9016272 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.766155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quantitative evidence of the metabolic and cardiovascular effects of apples (Malus domestica) is lacking in interventional studies. This study aimed to summarize the available evidence of the beneficial effects of apples and apple-derived products (ADPs) on metabolic and cardiovascular markers. Methods Peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from four databases on May 3, 2021 and regularly updated until the end of May 2021. Demographic characteristics, intervention types, and evaluation parameters were extracted. A meta-analysis on the mean difference of change scores was conducted on commonly presented outcomes in the RCTs. Results The metabolic and cardiovascular effects of diverse regimens, including whole apple, apple extract, and apple juice, were examined in 18 eligible RCTs. Nine common evaluation outcomes were eventually introduced to the meta-analysis, including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, and systolic/diastolic blood pressures. The levels of TC (−2.69 mg/dL; 95% CI: −5.43, 0.04 mg/dL) and LDL (−2.80 mg/dL; 95% CI: −5.78, 0.17 mg/dL) showed a non-significant decreasing tendency after at least a week of apple consumption. Further subgroup analysis, particularly, a comparison with placebo as a control, showed a significant reduction in TC and LDL levels. When stratified by the baseline level, subjects with high TC and LDL level were shown to have more benefits from the apple intake. Intriguingly, apple and ADPs significantly reduced HDL levels to a small extent (−1.04 mg/dL; 95% CI: −1.79, −0.29 mg/dL). The other markers were mostly unaffected by the intervention. Conclusion Our investigation revealed that apples could improve blood cholesterol levels. Systematic Review Registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42020215977].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nguyen Hoang Anh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol Woon Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nguyen Phuoc Long
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongoh Park
- Department of Statistics, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hyun Cho
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Cheol Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Goo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eui Young Son
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Ha Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yingqian Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Johan Lim
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Regulation of BcMYB44 on Anthocyanin Synthesis and Drought Tolerance in Non-Heading Chinese Cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino). HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the regulation of BcMYB44 on anthocyanin synthesis and drought tolerance of non-heading Chinese cabbage. The BcMYB44 gene was cloned from the purple inbred line ‘NJZX1-3’ and its green mutant ‘NJZX1-0’. Sequence analysis confirmed that BcMYB44 belongs to the R2R3-MYB family and has the highest homology with BnMYB44. Subcellular localization revealed that BcMYB44 is a nuclear protein. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and Bimolecular Fluorescent Complimentary (BiFC) experiments showed that BcMYB44 interacts with BcPAP1 and BcEGL3. Pigment detection of BcPAP1 and BcMYB44 protein activity in N. benthamiana indicates that BcMYB44 plays a negative regulatory role by inhibiting the expression of key structural genes (F3H, DFR, etc.) in anthocyanin synthesis. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) further confirmed this inhibition. Analysis of drought tolerance of non-heading Chinese cabbage based on VIGS showed that pTY-S plants are more resistant to drought than pTY-BcMYB44 plants. The results indicate that BcMYB44 has a positive regulatory role in drought stress, which most likely is achieved by inhibiting anthocyanin accumulation, regulating stomatal movement, and improving osmotic regulation and homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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46
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Wilken MR, Lambert MNT, Christensen CB, Jeppesen PB. Effects of Anthocyanin-rich Berries on the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Rev Diabet Stud 2022; 18:42-57. [PMID: 35300756 PMCID: PMC9382680 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2022.18.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) can lead to fatal complications, including cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence suggests has emerged that increased fruit and vegetable intake and decreased intake of saturated fats, simple sugars, and processed foods can improve cardiovascular
health. Anthocyanins (color pigments) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities but are of low bioavailability. In this systematic review and metaanalysis, we investigate the possible beneficial effects of the intake of berries high in anthocyanins on MetS risk factors. We also investigate
the influences of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC). METHODS: We identified 2,274 articles from PUBMED and EMBASE following a search input designed to include studies of interest of these, 21 met inclusion criteria.
RESULTS: The studies showed an overall reduction in low-density lipoprotein (p=0.04). Increases in HDL were found with cranberry and freeze-dried berry intake during a 4-6-week intervention. No statistically significant findings were detected for fasting glucose, Hb1Ac, insulin levels,
blood pressure, oxidized LDL (OX-LDL), BMI, and overall HDL. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude from this systematic review and meta-analysis that increased berry intake improves MetS key risk factors and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. Pronounced effects were apparent for concentrated
berry products, such as freeze-dried strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Roulund Wilken
- Department of Clinical Medicine. Aarhus University Hospital. Aarhus University. Palle Juul-Jensens. Boulevard 165. Aarhus N. Denmark
| | - Max Norman Tandrup Lambert
- Department of Clinical Medicine. Aarhus University Hospital. Aarhus University. Palle Juul-Jensens. Boulevard 165. Aarhus N. Denmark
| | - Christine Bodelund Christensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine. Aarhus University Hospital. Aarhus University. Palle Juul-Jensens. Boulevard 165. Aarhus N. Denmark
| | - Per Bendix Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine. Aarhus University Hospital. Aarhus University. Palle Juul-Jensens. Boulevard 165. Aarhus N. Denmark
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Zhao D, Zhao L, Liu Y, Zhang A, Xiao S, Dai X, Yuan R, Zhou Z, Cao Q. Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of the Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway for the Accumulation of Anthocyanins and Other Flavonoids in Sweetpotato Root Skin and Leaf Vein Base. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2574-2588. [PMID: 35175040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] is a major tuberous root crop that is rich in flavonoids. Here, we discovered a spontaneous mutation in the color of the leaf vein base (LVB) and root skin (RS) in the Zheshu 81 cultivar. The flavonoid and anthocyanin metabolites and molecular mechanism were analyzed using metabolome and transcriptome data. Compared to the wild type, 13 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in the LVB and 59 DAMs in the RS were all significantly downregulated. Moreover, all the anthocyanin metabolites decreased significantly. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding the key enzymes in the later enzymatic reaction of anthocyanin and flavonoid were significantly downregulated in the mutant. The expression trends of the transcription factor MYB were evidently related to the anthocyanin content. These results offer insights into the coloration in the LVB and RS and a theoretical basis for determining the regulation of flavonoid and anthocyanin synthesis in sweetpotato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglan Zhao
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131, China
| | - Lingxiao Zhao
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131, China
| | - An Zhang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131, China
| | - Shizhuo Xiao
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131, China
| | - Xibin Dai
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131, China
| | - Rui Yuan
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131, China
| | - Zhilin Zhou
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131, China
| | - Qinghe Cao
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131, China
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48
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Shen H, Han J, Liu C, Cao F, Huang Y. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Radioprotective Effect on the Testes and Intestines Through Antioxidant Effects and Inhibition of MAPK Signal Pathways. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:836528. [PMID: 35141259 PMCID: PMC8818786 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.836528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The testes and intestines are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. Low-dose radiation can cause infertility and enteritis. However, there is a lack of safe and efficient radioprotective agents. This study aims to investigate the radioprotective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) on testicular and intestinal damage induced by ionizing radiation. In vitro, GSPs reduced the apoptosis and proliferation inhibition of mouse testicular stromal cells TM3 and human small intestinal crypt epithelial cells HIEC induced by ionizing radiation, and alleviated DNA double-strand breaks. In vivo, GSPs ameliorated the pathological damage of the testes and intestines induced by ionizing radiation, and protected the endocrine function of the testes and the barrier function of the intestines. In addition, we preliminarily proved that the radioprotective effect of GSPs is related to its antioxidant effect and inhibition of MAPK signaling pathways. Our results indicate that GSPs are expected to be a safe and effective radioprotective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng Clinical Medical School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Fei Cao
| | - Yijuan Huang
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- *Correspondence: Yijuan Huang ;
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49
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Xu L, Tian Z, Chen H, Zhao Y, Yang Y. Anthocyanins, Anthocyanin-Rich Berries, and Cardiovascular Risks: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 44 Randomized Controlled Trials and 15 Prospective Cohort Studies. Front Nutr 2022; 8:747884. [PMID: 34977111 PMCID: PMC8714924 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.747884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The associations between intake of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich berries and cardiovascular risks remained to be established. We aimed to quantitatively summarize the effects of purified anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich berries on major surrogate markers of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and the longitudinal associations between dietary anthocyanins and CVD events. Methods: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies. Results: We included 44 eligible RCTs and 15 prospective cohort studies in this study. Pooled analysis of RCTs showed that purified anthocyanin supplementation could significantly reduce blood LDL cholesterol (weighted mean difference (WMD): −5.43 mg/dL, 95% CI: −8.96, −1.90 mg/dL; p = 0.003) and triglyceride (WMD: −6.18 mg/dL, 95% CI: −11.67, −0.69 mg/dL; p = 0.027) while increase HDL cholesterol (WMD: 11.49 mg/dL, 95% CI: 7.43, 15.55 mg/dL; p < 0.001) concentrations. Purified anthocyanins also markedly decreased circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (WMD: −1.62 pg/mL, 95% CI: −2.76, −0.48 pg/mL; p = 0.005) and C-reactive protein (WMD: −0.028 mg/dL, 95% CI: −0.050, −0.005 mg/dL; p = 0.014). Besides, administration of anthocyanin-rich berries could significantly lower blood total cholesterol (WMD: −4.48 mg/dL, 95% CI: −8.94, −0.02 mg/dL; p = 0.049) and C-reactive protein (WMD: −0.046 mg/dL, 95% CI: −0.070, −0.022 mg/dL; p < 0.001). Neither purified anthocyanins nor anthocyanin-rich berries could cause any substantial improvements in BMI, blood pressure, or flow-mediated dilation. In addition, meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies suggested that high dietary anthocyanins were related to lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) (relative risk (RR): 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.95; p = 0.009), total CVD incidence (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.97; p = 0.030), and total CVD deaths (RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.96; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Habitual intake of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich berries could protect against CVDs possibly via improving blood lipid profiles and decreasing circulating proinflammatory cytokines. Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42020208782.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,China-DRIs Expert Committee on Other Food Substances, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zezhong Tian
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,China-DRIs Expert Committee on Other Food Substances, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,China-DRIs Expert Committee on Other Food Substances, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,China-DRIs Expert Committee on Other Food Substances, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,China-DRIs Expert Committee on Other Food Substances, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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50
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Moreno RU, Gonzalez-Sarrias A, Espin JC, Tomas-Barberan F, Janes ME, Cheng H, Finley JW, Greenway FL, Losso JN. Effects of red raspberry polyphenols and metabolites on biomarkers of inflammation and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: A pilot study. Food Funct 2022; 13:5166-5176. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02090k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Berry fruits are rich in polyphenolic compounds (PCs) and may promote health benefits. Anthocyanin (ACNs) concentrations of red raspberry (RR)(Rubus idaeus) extracts were 887.6 ± 262.8 μg/g consisting mainly of...
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