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Wojciechowicz K, Kuncewicz K, Rutkowski J, Jassem J, Rodziewicz-Motowidło S, Wardowska A, Spodzieja M. Targeting BTLA with the peptide inhibitor HVEM(14-39) - A new way to restore the activity of T cells in melanoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116675. [PMID: 38733770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex of B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) plays a critical role in immune regulation and has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this study, we investigated the potential of the peptide inhibitor HVEM(14-39) to restore peripheral T cell activity in patients with advanced melanoma. In these patients, CD8+ T cells downregulated BTLA expression and increased HVEM expression upon activation. The addition of HVEM(14-39) reduced the percentage of BTLA+ CD8+ T cells and increased the subpopulation of HVEM+ CD8+ T cells. Additionally, HVEM(14-39) enhanced T cell activation, proliferation, and the shift toward effector memory T cell subpopulations. Finally, this peptide affected the proliferation rate and late apoptosis of melanoma cell line in co-culture with T cells. These findings suggest that HVEM(14-39) can overcome T cell exhaustion and improve antitumor responses. Peptide-based immunotherapy targeting the BTLA-HVEM complex offers a promising alternative to monoclonal antibody-based therapies, with the potential for fewer side effects and higher treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wojciechowicz
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kuncewicz
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Rutkowski
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Jassem
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Anna Wardowska
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Marta Spodzieja
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Poland.
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2
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Hu X. The role of the BTLA-HVEM complex in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2024; 31:358-370. [PMID: 38483699 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-024-01557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is widely recognized as a prevalent contributor to cancer mortality and ranks as the second most prevalent form of cancer among women across the globe. Hence, the development of innovative therapeutic strategies is imperative to effectively manage BC. The B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA)-Herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) complex has garnered significant scientific interest as a crucial regulator in various immune contexts. The interaction between BTLA-HVEM ligand on the surface of T cells results in reduced cellular activation, cytokine synthesis, and proliferation. The BTLA-HVEM complex has been investigated in various cancers, yet its specific mechanisms in BC remain indeterminate. In this study, we aim to examine the function of BTLA-HVEM and provide a comprehensive overview of the existing evidence in relation to BC. The obstruction or augmentation of these pathways may potentially enhance the efficacy of BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Hu
- College of Health Industry, Changchun University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Changchun, 130000, China.
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3
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Hu B, Liu G, Zhao K, Zhang G. Diversity of extracellular HSP70 in cancer: advancing from a molecular biomarker to a novel therapeutic target. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1388999. [PMID: 38646439 PMCID: PMC11026673 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1388999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a highly conserved protein functioning as a "molecular chaperone", which is integral to protein folding and maturation. In addition to its high expression within cells upon stressful challenges, HSP70 can be translocated to the cell membrane or released from cells in free form or within extracellular vesicles (EVs). Such trafficking of HSP70 is also present in cancer cells, as HSP70 is overexpressed in various types of patient samples across a range of common malignancies, signifying that extracellular HSP70 (eHSP70) can serve as a tumor biomarker. eHSP70 is involved in a broad range of cancer-related events, including cell proliferation and apoptosis, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and immune response. eHSP70 can also induce cancer cell resistance to various treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy. Though the role of eHSP70 in tumors is contradictory, characterized by both pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects, eHSP70 serves as a promising target in cancer treatment. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the current knowledge about the role of eHSP70 in cancer progression and treatment resistance and discussed the feasibility of eHSP70 as a cancer biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guihong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kejia Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gao Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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4
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Wojciechowicz K, Spodzieja M, Wardowska A. The BTLA-HVEM complex - The future of cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116231. [PMID: 38387336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The BTLA-HVEM complex plays a pivotal role in cancer and cancer immunotherapy by regulating immune responses. Dysregulation of BTLA and HVEM expression contributes to immunosuppression and tumor progression across various cancer types. Targeting the interaction between BTLA and HVEM holds promise for enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. Disruption of this complex presents a valuable avenue for advancing cancer immunotherapy strategies. Aberrant expression of BTLA and HVEM adversely affects immune cell function, particularly T cells, exacerbating tumor evasion mechanisms. Understanding and modulating the BTLA-HVEM axis represents a crucial aspect of designing effective immunotherapeutic interventions against cancer. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the structure and function of BTLA and HVEM, along with their interaction with each other and various immune partners. Moreover, the expression of soluble and transmembrane forms of BTLA and HVEM in different types of cancer and their impact on the prognosis of patients is also discussed. Additionally, inhibitors of the proteins binding that might be used to block BTLA-HVEM interaction are reviewed. All the presented data highlight the plausible clinical application of BTLA-HVEM targeted therapies in cancer and autoimmune disease management. However, further studies are required to confirm the practical use of this concept. Despite the increasing number of reports on the BTLA-HVEM complex, many aspects of its biology and function still need to be elucidated. This review can be regarded as an encouragement and a guide to follow the path of BTLA-HVEM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wojciechowicz
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Marta Spodzieja
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Wardowska
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
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5
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Kuncewicz K, Bojko M, Battin C, Karczyńska A, Sieradzan A, Sikorska E, Węgrzyn K, Wojciechowicz K, Wardowska A, Steinberger P, Rodziewicz-Motowidło S, Spodzieja M. BTLA-derived peptides as inhibitors of BTLA/HVEM complex formation - design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115161. [PMID: 37473684 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints can be divided into co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules that regulate the activation and effector functions of T cells. The co-inhibitory pathways mediated by ICPs are used by cancer cells to escape from immune surveillance, and therefore the blockade of these receptor/ligand interactions is one of the strategies used in the treatment of cancer. The two main pathways currently under investigation are CTLA-4/CD80/CD86 and PD-1/PD-L1, and the monoclonal Abs targeting them have shown potent immunomodulatory effects and activity in clinical environments. Another interesting target in cancer treatment is the BTLA/HVEM complex. Binding of BTLA protein on T cells to HVEM on cancer cells leads to inhibition of T cell proliferation and cytokine production. In the presented work, we focused on blocking the HVEM protein using BTLA-derived peptides. Based on the crystal structure of the BTLA/HVEM complex and MM/GBSA analysis performed here, we designed and synthesized peptides, specifically fragments of BTLA protein. We subsequently checked the inhibitory capacities of these compounds using ELISA and a cellular reporter platform. Two of these peptides, namely BTLA(35-43) and BTLA(33-64)C58Abu displayed the most promising properties, and we therefore performed further studies to evaluate their affinity to HVEM protein, their stability in plasma and their effect on viability of human PBMCs. In addition, the 3D structure for the peptide BTLA(33-64)C58Abu was determined using NMR. Obtained data confirmed that the BTLA-derived peptides could be the basis for future drugs and their immunomodulatory potential merits further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kuncewicz
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bojko
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Claire Battin
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Immunology, Division of Immune Receptors and T cell Activation, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Karczyńska
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adam Sieradzan
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Emilia Sikorska
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Węgrzyn
- University of Gdańsk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karolina Wojciechowicz
- Medical University of Gdańsk, Department of Physiopathology, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Wardowska
- Medical University of Gdańsk, Department of Physiopathology, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Immunology, Division of Immune Receptors and T cell Activation, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marta Spodzieja
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Kamali AN, Bautista JM, Eisenhut M, Hamedifar H. Immune checkpoints and cancer immunotherapies: insights into newly potential receptors and ligands. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2023; 11:25151355231192043. [PMID: 37662491 PMCID: PMC10469281 DOI: 10.1177/25151355231192043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint markers and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been increasingly identified and developed as potential immunotherapeutic targets in various human cancers. Despite valuable efforts to discover novel immune checkpoints and their ligands, the precise roles of their therapeutic functions, as well as the broad identification of their counterpart receptors, remain to be addressed. In this context, it has been suggested that various putative checkpoint receptors can be induced upon activation. In the tumor microenvironment, T cells, as crucial immune response against malignant diseases as well as other immune central effector cells, such as natural killer cells, are regulated via co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory signals from immune or tumor cells. Studies have shown that exposure of T cells to tumor antigens upregulates the expression of inhibitory checkpoint receptors, leading to T-cell dysfunction or exhaustion. Although targeting immune checkpoint regulators has shown relative clinical efficacy in some tumor types, most trials in the field of cancer immunotherapies have revealed unsatisfactory results due to de novo or adaptive resistance in cancer patients. To overcome these obstacles, combinational therapies with newly discovered inhibitory molecules or combined blockage of several checkpoints provide a rationale for further research. Moreover, precise identification of their receptors counterparts at crucial checkpoints is likely to promise effective therapies. In this review, we examine the prospects for the application of newly emerging checkpoints, such as T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3, lymphocyte activation gene-3, T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA), new B7 family proteins, and B- and T-cell lymphocyte attenuator, in association with immunotherapy of malignancies. In addition, their clinical and biological significance is discussed, including their expression in various human cancers, along with their roles in T-cell-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali N. Kamali
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Simin Dasht Industrial Area, Karaj, Iran
- CinnaGen Research and Production Co., Alborz 3165933155, Iran
| | - José M. Bautista
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Eisenhut
- Department of Pediatrics, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK
| | - Haleh Hamedifar
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- CinnaGen Research and Production Co., Alborz, Iran
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7
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Zhao K, Zhou G, Liu Y, Zhang J, Chen Y, Liu L, Zhang G. HSP70 Family in Cancer: Signaling Mechanisms and Therapeutic Advances. Biomolecules 2023; 13:601. [PMID: 37189349 PMCID: PMC10136146 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70s) are a group of highly conserved and inducible heat shock proteins. One of the main functions of HSP70s is to act as molecular chaperones that are involved in a large variety of cellular protein folding and remodeling processes. HSP70s are found to be over-expressed and may serve as prognostic markers in many types of cancers. HSP70s are also involved in most of the molecular processes of cancer hallmarks as well as the growth and survival of cancer cells. In fact, many effects of HSP70s on cancer cells are not only related to their chaperone activities but rather to their roles in regulating cancer cell signaling. Therefore, a number of drugs directly or indirectly targeting HSP70s, and their co-chaperones have been developed aiming to treat cancer. In this review, we summarized HSP70-related cancer signaling pathways and corresponding key proteins regulated by the family of HSP70s. In addition, we also summarized various treatment approaches and progress of anti-tumor therapy based on targeting HSP70 family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guanyu Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Chengdu 610041, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaohui Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lunxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gao Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong 999077, China
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8
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Lange A, Cajander S, Magnuson A, Strålin K, Hultgren O. Sustained elevation of soluble B- and T- lymphocyte attenuator predicts long-term mortality in patients with bacteremia and sepsis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265818. [PMID: 35312715 PMCID: PMC8936450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble B and T lymphocyte attenuator (sBTLA) has been shown to be associated with severity and outcome, in critically ill septic patients. We aimed to assess the dynamic expression of sBTLA, as a prognostic biomarker of long-term mortality in patients with bloodstream infection (BSI) and sepsis, and to evaluate its association with biomarkers indicative of inflammation and immune dysregulation. Secondarily, sBTLA was evaluated in association with severity and bacterial etiology. Patients with BSI (n = 108) were prospectively included, and serially sampled from admission to day 28. Blood and plasma donors (n = 31), sampled twice 28 days apart, served as controls. sBTLA concentration in plasma was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Associations between sBTLA on day 1-2 and 7, and mortality at 90 days and 1 year, were determined with unadjusted, and adjusted Cox regression. Differences related to severity was assessed with linear regression. Mixed model was used to assess sBTLA dynamics over time, and sBTLA associations with bacterial etiology and other biomarkers. sBTLA on day 1-2 and 7 was associated with mortality, in particular failure to normalize sBTLA by day 7 was associated with an increased risk of death before day 90, adjusted HR 17 (95% CI 1.8-160), and one year, adjusted HR 15 (95% CI 2.8-76). sBTLA was positively associated with CRP, and negatively with lymphocyte count. sBTLA on day 1-2 was not linearly associated with baseline SOFA score increase. High SOFA (≥4) was however associated with higher mean sBTLA than SOFA ≤3. sBTLA was not associated with bacterial etiology. We show that sustained elevation of sBTLA one week after hospital admission is associated with late mortality in patients with BSI and sepsis, and that sBTLA concentration is associated with CRP and decreased lymphocyte count. This suggests that sBTLA might be an indicator of sustained immune-dysregulation, and a prognostic tool in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lange
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Sara Cajander
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anders Magnuson
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Strålin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Hultgren
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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9
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Hu C, Patil Y, Gong D, Yu T, Li J, Wu L, Liu X, Yu Z, Ma X, Yong Y, Chen J, Gooneratne R, Ju X. Heat Stress-Induced Dysbiosis of Porcine Colon Microbiota Plays a Role in Intestinal Damage: A Fecal Microbiota Profile. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:686902. [PMID: 35300220 PMCID: PMC8921775 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.686902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological mechanisms of gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in pigs are poorly understood. We report the induction of intestinal inflammation in heat-stressed (HS) pigs, fecal microbiota transplantation from pigs to mice, and explain the role of microorganisms in IBD. 24 adult pigs were subjected to HS (34 ± 1 °C; 75–85% relative humidity for 24h) while 24 control pigs (CP) were kept at 25 ± 3°C and the same humidity. Pigs were sacrificed on days 1, 7, 14, 21. Colonic content microbiome analyses were conducted. Pseudo-germ-free mice were fed by gavage with fecal microbiota from HS-pigs and CP to induce pig-like responses in mice. From 7 d, HS-pigs exhibited fever and diarrhea, and significantly lower colonic mucosal thickness, crypt depth/width, and goblet cell number. Compared with each control group, the concentration of cortisol in the peripheral blood of HS pigs gradually increased, significantly so on days 7, 14, and 21 (P < 0.01). While the concentration of LPS in HS pigs' peripheral blood was significantly higher on days 7, 14 (P < 0.01), and 21 (P < 0.05) compared with that of the control group. The colonic microbiome composition of HS-pigs was different to that of CP. By day 14, opportunistic pathogens (e.g., Campylobacterales) had increased in HS-pigs. The composition of the colonic microbiome in mice administered feces from HS-pigs was different from those receiving CP feces. Bacteroides were significantly diminished, Akkermansia were significantly increased, and intestinal damage and goblet cell numbers were higher in mice that received HS-pig feces. Moreover, we verified the relevance of differences in the microbiota of the colon among treatments. Heat stress promotes changes in gut microbiome composition, which can affect the colonic microbial structure of mice through fecal microbiota transplantation; the molecular mechanisms require further investigation. This study enhanced our understanding of stress-induced inflammation in the colon and the increase in diarrhea in mammals subjected to prolonged HS. Our results provide useful information for preventing or ameliorating deficits in pig production caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canying Hu
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yadnyavalkya Patil
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Dongliang Gong
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tianyue Yu
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Junyu Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lianyun Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhichao Yu
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xinbing Ma
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanhong Yong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jinjun Chen
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Xianghong Ju
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xianghong Ju
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10
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Khan M, Arooj S, Wang H. Soluble B7-CD28 Family Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint Proteins and Anti-Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:651634. [PMID: 34531847 PMCID: PMC8438243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.651634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-inhibitory B7-CD28 family member proteins negatively regulate T cell responses and are extensively involved in tumor immune evasion. Blockade of classical CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4) and PD-1 (programmed cell death protein-1) checkpoint pathways have become the cornerstone of anti-cancer immunotherapy. New inhibitory checkpoint proteins such as B7-H3, B7-H4, and BTLA (B and T lymphocyte attenuator) are being discovered and investigated for their potential in anti-cancer immunotherapy. In addition, soluble forms of these molecules also exist in sera of healthy individuals and elevated levels are found in chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. Soluble forms are generated by proteolytic shedding or alternative splicing. Elevated circulating levels of these inhibitory soluble checkpoint molecules in cancer have been correlated with advance stage, metastatic status, and prognosis which underscore their broader involvement in immune regulation. In addition to their potential as biomarker, understanding their mechanism of production, biological activity, and pathological interactions may also pave the way for their clinical use as a therapeutic target. Here we review these aspects of soluble checkpoint molecules and elucidate on their potential for anti-cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sumbal Arooj
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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11
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Aubert N, Brunel S, Olive D, Marodon G. Blockade of HVEM for Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy in Humanized Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123009. [PMID: 34208480 PMCID: PMC8235544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Current immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown limitations for immunotherapy of prostate cancer. Thus, it is crucial to investigate other immune checkpoints to prevent disease progression in patients with prostate cancer. Here, we first show that the HVEM/BTLA immune checkpoint is associated with disease progression in patients. We then show that immunotherapy aimed at targeting HVEM reduced tumor growth twofold in vivo in a humanized mouse model of the pathology. The mode of action of the therapy was dependent on CD8+ T cells and is associated with improved T cell activation and reduced exhaustion. Finally, we demonstrated that HVEM expressed by the tumor negatively regulated the anti-tumor immune response. Our results indicate that targeting HVEM might be an attractive option for patients with prostate cancer. Abstract The herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) delivers a negative signal to T cells mainly through the B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) molecule. Thus, HVEM/BTLA may represent a novel immune checkpoint during an anti-tumor immune response. However, a formal demonstration that HVEM can represent a target for cancer immunotherapy is still lacking. Here, we first showed that HVEM and BTLA mRNA expression levels were associated with a worse progression-free interval in patients with prostate adenocarcinomas, indicating a detrimental role for the HVEM/BTLA immune checkpoint during prostate cancer progression. We then showed that administration of a monoclonal antibody to human HVEM resulted in a twofold reduction in the growth of a prostate cancer cell line in NOD.SCID.gc-null mice reconstituted with human T cells. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we showed that the therapeutic effect of the mAb depended on HVEM expression by the tumor, with no effect on graft vs. host disease or activation of human T cells in the spleen. In contrast, the proliferation and number of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes increased following treatment, and depletion of CD8+ T cells partly alleviated treatment’s efficacy. The expression of genes belonging to various T cell activation pathways was enriched in tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, whereas genes associated with immuno-suppressive pathways were decreased, possibly resulting in modifications of leukocyte adhesion and motility. Finally, we developed a simple in vivo assay in humanized mice to directly demonstrate that HVEM expressed by the tumor is an immune checkpoint for T cell-mediated tumor control. Our results show that targeting HVEM is a promising strategy for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aubert
- Centre d’Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses-Paris, CIMI-PARIS, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France; (N.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Simon Brunel
- Centre d’Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses-Paris, CIMI-PARIS, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France; (N.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Daniel Olive
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, CRCM, Tumor Immunity Team, IBISA Immunomonitoring Platform, 13009 Marseille, France;
| | - Gilles Marodon
- Centre d’Immunologie et Maladies Infectieuses-Paris, CIMI-PARIS, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France; (N.A.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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BTLA/HVEM Axis Induces NK Cell Immunosuppression and Poor Outcome in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081766. [PMID: 33917094 PMCID: PMC8067870 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) represents the most frequent B cell malignancy in Western countries and still remains as an incurable disease. Despite recent advances in targeted therapies including ibrutinib, idelalisib or venetoclax, resistance mechanisms have been described and patients develop a progressive immunosuppression. Since immune checkpoint blockade has demonstrated to reinvigorate T and NK cell-mediated anti-tumor responses, the aim of this work was to elucidate whether this immunosuppression relies, at least in part, in BTLA/HVEM axis in patients with CLL. Our results demonstrate that BTLA and HVEM expression is deeply dysregulated on leukemic and NK cells and correlates with poor outcome. Moreover, soluble BTLA levels correlated with adverse cytogenetics and shorter time to treatment. BTLA blockade restored, at least in part, NK cell-mediated responses in patients with CLL. Altogether, our results provide the rationale to further investigate the role of BTLA/HVEM axis in the pathogenesis of CLL. Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by progressive immunosuppression and diminished cancer immunosurveillance. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-based therapies, a major breakthrough against cancer, have emerged as a powerful tool to reinvigorate antitumor responses. Herein, we analyzed the role of the novel inhibitory checkpoint BTLA and its ligand, HVEM, in the regulation of leukemic and natural killer (NK) cells in CLL. Flow cytometry analyses showed that BTLA expression is upregulated on leukemic cells and NK cells from patients with CLL, whereas HVEM is downregulated only in leukemic cells, especially in patients with advanced Rai-Binet stage. In silico analysis revealed that increased HVEM, but not BTLA, mRNA expression in leukemic cells correlated with diminished overall survival. Further, soluble BTLA (sBTLA) was found to be increased in the sera of patients with CLL and highly correlated with poor prognostic markers and shorter time to treatment. BTLA blockade with an anti-BTLA monoclonal antibody depleted leukemic cells and boosted NK cell-mediated responses ex vivo by increasing their IFN-γ production, cytotoxic capability, and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC). In agreement with an inhibitory role of BTLA in NK cells, surface BTLA expression on NK cells was associated with poor outcome in patients with CLL. Overall, this study is the first to bring to light a role of BTLA/HVEM in the suppression of NK cell-mediated immune responses in CLL and its impact on patient’s prognosis, suggesting that BTLA/HVEM axis may be a potential therapeutic target in this disease.
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Chen XJ, Wei WF, Wang ZC, Wang N, Guo CH, Zhou CF, Liang LJ, Wu S, Liang L, Wang W. A novel lymphatic pattern promotes metastasis of cervical cancer in a hypoxic tumour-associated macrophage-dependent manner. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:549-565. [PMID: 33484377 PMCID: PMC8292274 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic remodelling in the hypoxic tumour microenvironment (TME) is critically involved in the metastasis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC); however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we uncovered a novel lymphatic pattern in the hypoxic TME, wherein lymphatic vessels (LVs) are encapsulated by tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) to form an interconnected network. We describe these aggregates as LVEM (LVs encapsulated by TAMs) considering their advantageous metastatic capacity and active involvement in early lymph node metastasis (LNM). Mechanistic investigations revealed that interleukin-10 (IL-10) derived from hypoxic TAMs adjacent to LVs was a prerequisite for lymphangiogenesis and LVEM formation through its induction of Sp1 upregulation in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Interestingly, Sp1high LECs promoted the transactivation of C-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CCL1) to facilitate TAM and tumour cell recruitment, thereby forming a positive feedback loop to strengthen the LVEM formation. Knockdown of Sp1 or blockage of CCL1 abrogated LVEM and consequently attenuated LNM. Notably, CSCCnon-LNM is largely devoid of hypoxic TAMs and the resultant LVEM, which might explain its metastatic delay. These findings identify a novel and efficient metastasis-promoting lymphatic pattern in the hypoxic TME, which might provide new targets for anti-metastasis therapy and prognostic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Fei Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ci Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Nisha Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu-Hong Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Fei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo-Jiao Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Immunology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
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Song, BA Y, Wang, MA F, Wei, MA Y, Chen, BA D, Deng, BA G. ATP5A1 Participates in Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation of Cancer-Associated Genes by Modulating Their Expression and Alternative Splicing Profiles in HeLa Cells. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211039126. [PMID: 34520292 PMCID: PMC8445539 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211039126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aberrant expression and alternative splicing of oncogenes are the driving events in tumor initiation and development. But how these events are regulated in cancer cells is largely unknown. Functions of ATP5A1, an important mitochondrial ATP synthase gene, in transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation were explored in this study. Methods: ATP5A1 was overexpressed using plasmid-transformed HeLa cells, and its influence on cell apoptosis and proliferation is evaluated. Transcriptome sequencing was then performed using RNA-seq to study the changes in gene expression and regulation of alternative splicing events. Validation of the implicated genes was achieved using RT-qPCR analysis. Results: It was found that ATP5A1 could significantly promote cellular apoptosis, but it had no influence on cell proliferation. ATP5A1 overexpression significantly increased the expression levels of genes associated with the innate immune response, angiogenesis, and collagen catabolic processes. This included enrichment of MMP2 and MMP19. It was also found that ATP5A1 could interfere with the alternative splicing of hundreds of genes associated with glucose homeostasis, HIF-1 signaling activation, and several pathways associated with cancers. Eight ATP5A1-regulated differentially expressed genes and 3 genes altered by splicing were selected and validated using RT-qPCR analysis. Conclusions: In summary, we illustrate the regulatory functions of ATP5A1 on the transcriptome of HeLa cells by exploring its influence on gene expression and alternative splicing. The results suggest that ATP5A1 may play an important regulatory role in cervical cancer cells by regulating expression and alternative splicing of cancer-associated genes. This study provides novel insights into the current understanding of the mechanisms of ATP5A1 on carcinogenesis and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisa Song, BA
- Qinghai People's Hospital Xining, Xining, Qinghai, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang, MA
- Qinghai People's Hospital Xining, Xining, Qinghai, P.R. China
| | | | - Dong Chen, BA
- ABLife Inc., Wuhan, P.R. China
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Gang Deng, BA
- Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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15
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Li X, Xu Z, Cui G, Yu L, Zhang X. BTLA Expression in Stage I-III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Its Correlation with PD-1/PD-L1 and Clinical Outcomes. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:215-224. [PMID: 32021268 PMCID: PMC6957103 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s232234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is a novel immune checkpoint with an unclear role in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In contrast, the programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) checkpoint is a potentially curative immunotherapy target in NSCLC. Our study investigated BTLA expression and its relationship with PD-1/PD-L1, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and clinicopathological features. Methods The protein expressions of BTLA, PD-1, and PD-L1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and TIL abundance was scored in paraffin-embedded tissues from surgically resected specimens from 87 patients with stage I–III NSCLC. Results BTLA was expressed in tumor cells in 35 patients with NSCLC (40.2%). In addition, 42 patients (48.3%) were positive for PD-1 in TILs and 31 (35.6%) were positive for PD-L1 in tumor cells. BTLA was overexpressed in patients with lymphatic invasion (P=0.045) and an advanced tumor stage (P=0.034). High expression of BTLA was positively correlated with a high level of PD-L1 (P=0.011). Patients with positive BTLA expression had a shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) than those with negative BTLA expression (P=0.029). Moreover, patients negative for both BTLA and PD-L1 had a longer RFS than patients who were positive for BTLA or PD-L1 or for both checkpoints (P=0.012). The same pattern was shown for overall survival (P=0.031). Conclusion High BTLA expression may predict poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC and may represent a new immunotherapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoguo Xu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyuan Cui
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
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Sasaki Y, Hokuto D, Inoue T, Nomi T, Yoshikawa T, Matsuo Y, Koyama F, Sho M. Significance of Herpesvirus Entry Mediator Expression in Human Colorectal Liver Metastasis. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:3982-3989. [PMID: 31313042 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) has been suggested to play various roles in cancer biology. The authors report that HVEM expression in tumor cells is associated with a reduction in the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and a poor prognosis after surgical resection in various human gastrointestinal cancers. This study aimed to clarify the clinical significance of HVEM expression in human colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). METHODS This study examined the cases of 104 patients with CRLM who underwent curative liver resection at Nara Medical University between 2000 and 2014. The median follow-up period was 50.2 months. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using antibodies against HVEM, CD4, CD8, and CD45RO. RESULTS High HVEM expression was observed in 49 patients (47.1%) with CRLM. Expression of HVEM was not associated with age, gender, administration of preoperative chemotherapy, tumor size, number of tumors, or histologic differentiation. The high-HVEM group exhibited significantly worse overall survival (OS) than the low-HVEM group (P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that high HVEM expression in CRLM, age of 70 years or older, and having five or more tumors are independent poor prognostic factors for OS (hazard ratio [HR], 3.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-7.93; P = 0.006). The number of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ and CD45RO+ T cells was significantly lower in the high-HVEM group than in the low-HVEM group. High HVEM expression in primary colorectal cancer was significantly associated with synchronous CRLM, but not with metachronous CRLM. CONCLUSIONS Tumor HVEM expression might play a critical role in CRLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-Shi, Nara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hokuto
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-Shi, Nara, Japan.
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-Shi, Nara, Japan
| | - Takeo Nomi
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-Shi, Nara, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-Shi, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasuko Matsuo
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-Shi, Nara, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Koyama
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-Shi, Nara, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sho
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-Shi, Nara, Japan
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Garber A, Regueiro M. Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Epidemiology, Etiopathogenesis, and Management. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2019; 21:31. [PMID: 31098819 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-019-0698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represent a complex array of disease processes with variable epidemiologic penetrance, genetic antecedents, and phenotypic presentations. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of primary and secondary EIMs as well as salient treatment strategies utilized. RECENT FINDINGS While the genetic antecedents remain incompletely understood, the treatment armamentarium for EIMs has expanded with new pharmaceutical drug classes that effectively treat IBD. EIMs are an increasingly recognized complication of IBD that require prompt recognition, multidisciplinary management, and a multifaceted therapeutic approach. This review highlights the complexities and ramifications of EIM management and offers therapeutic guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Garber
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgical Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Miguel Regueiro
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgical Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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18
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Natural Killer Immunotherapy for Minimal Residual Disease Eradication Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092057. [PMID: 31027331 PMCID: PMC6539946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common cause of death in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who receive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is AML relapse. Therefore, additive therapies post allo-HSCT have significant potential to prevent relapse. Natural killer (NK)-cell-based immunotherapies can be incorporated into the therapeutic armamentarium for the eradication of AML cells post allo-HSCT. In recent studies, NK cell-based immunotherapies, the use of adoptive NK cells, NK cells in combination with cytokines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific and trispecific killer cell engagers, and chimeric antigen receptor-engineered NK cells have all shown antitumor activity in AML patients. In this review, we will discuss the current strategies with these NK cell-based immunotherapies as possible therapies to cure AML patients post allo-HSCT. Additionally, we will discuss various means of immune escape in order to further understand the mechanism of NK cell-based immunotherapies against AML.
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Yu X, Zheng Y, Mao R, Su Z, Zhang J. BTLA/HVEM Signaling: Milestones in Research and Role in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:617. [PMID: 30984188 PMCID: PMC6449624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an immune-regulatory receptor, similar to CTLA-4 and PD-1, and is mainly expressed on B-, T-, and all mature lymphocyte cells. Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM)-BTLA plays a critical role in immune tolerance and immune responses which are areas of intense research. However, the mechanisms of the BTLA and the BTLA/HVEM signaling pathway in human diseases remain unclear. This review describes the research milestones of BTLA and HVEM in chronological order and their role in chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijuan Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Richeng Mao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Li JY, Yong YH, Gong DL, Shi L, Wang XM, Gooneratne R, Yadnyavalkya P, Ju XH. Proteomic analysis of the response of porcine adrenal gland to heat stress. Res Vet Sci 2019; 122:102-110. [PMID: 30481676 PMCID: PMC7111741 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) and its associated pathologies are major challenges facing the pig industry in southern China, and are responsible for large economic losses. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the abnormal secretion of HS-responsive hormones, such as glucocorticoids, are not fully understood. The goal of this study was to investigate differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the adrenal glands of pigs, and to elucidate changes in the immune neuroendocrine system in pigs following HS. Through a functional proteomics approach, we identified 1202 peptides, corresponding to 415 proteins. Of these, we found 226 DEPs between heat-stressed and control porcine adrenal gland tissue; 99 of these were up-regulated and 127 were down-regulated in response to HS. These DEPs included proteins involved in substrate transport, cytoskeletal changes, and stress responses. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to identify the subcellular characterization, functional pathway involvement, regulatory networks, and upstream regulators of the identified proteins. Functional network and pathway analyses may provide insights into the complexity and dynamics of HS-host interactions, and may accelerate our understanding of the mechanisms of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518018, China
| | - Yan-Hong Yong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Dong-Liang Gong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
| | - Patil Yadnyavalkya
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
| | - Xiang-Hong Ju
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518018, China.
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Monaghan SF, Banerjee D, Chung CS, Lomas-Neira J, Cygan KJ, Rhine CL, Fairbrother WG, Heffernan DS, Levy MM, Cioffi WG, Ayala A. Changes in the process of alternative RNA splicing results in soluble B and T lymphocyte attenuator with biological and clinical implications in critical illness. Mol Med 2018; 24:32. [PMID: 30134817 PMCID: PMC6016894 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Critically ill patients with sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome have severely altered physiology and immune system modifications. RNA splicing is a basic molecular mechanism influenced by physiologic alterations. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator (BTLA) have previously been shown to influence outcomes in critical illness. We hypothesize altered physiology in critical illness results in alternative RNA splicing of the immune checkpoint protein, BTLA, resulting in a soluble form with biologic and clinical significance. Methods Samples were collected from critically ill humans and mice. Levels soluble BTLA (sBTLA) were measured. Ex vivo experiments assessing for cellular proliferation and cytokine production were done using splenocytes from critically ill mice cultured with sBTLA. Deep RNA sequencing was done to look for alternative splicing of BTLA. sBTLA levels were fitted to models to predict sepsis diagnosis. Results sBTLA is increased in the blood of critically ill humans and mice and can predict a sepsis diagnosis on hospital day 0 in humans. Alternative RNA splicing results in a premature stop codon that results in the soluble form. sBTLA has a clinically relevant impact as splenocytes from mice with critical illness cultured with soluble BTLA have increased cellular proliferation. Conclusion sBTLA is produced as a result of alternative RNA splicing. This isoform of BTLA has biological significance through changes in cellular proliferation and can predict the diagnosis of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean F Monaghan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Debasree Banerjee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Chun-Shiang Chung
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Joanne Lomas-Neira
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Kamil J Cygan
- MCB Department, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Christy L Rhine
- MCB Department, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | | | - Daithi S Heffernan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Mitchell M Levy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - William G Cioffi
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
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22
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Is There Still Room for Cancer Vaccines at the Era of Checkpoint Inhibitors. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:vaccines4040037. [PMID: 27827885 PMCID: PMC5192357 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) blockade is considered to be a revolution in cancer therapy, although most patients (70%–80%) remain resistant to this therapy. It has been hypothesized that only tumors with high mutation rates generate a natural antitumor T cell response, which could be revigorated by this therapy. In patients with no pre-existing antitumor T cells, a vaccine-induced T cell response is a rational option to counteract clinical resistance. This hypothesis has been validated in preclinical models using various cancer vaccines combined with inhibitory pathway blockade (PD-1-PDL1-2, CTLA-4-CD80-CD86). Enhanced T cell infiltration of various tumors has been demonstrated following this combination therapy. The timing of this combination appears to be critical to the success of this therapy and multiple combinations of immunomodulating antibodies (CPI antagonists or costimulatory pathway agonists) have reinforced the synergy with cancer vaccines. Only limited results are available in humans and this combined approach has yet to be validated. Comprehensive monitoring of the regulation of CPI and costimulatory molecules after administration of immunomodulatory antibodies (anti-PD1/PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4, anti-OX40, etc.) and cancer vaccines should help to guide the selection of the best combination and timing of this therapy.
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23
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Le Mercier I, Lines JL, Noelle RJ. Beyond CTLA-4 and PD-1, the Generation Z of Negative Checkpoint Regulators. Front Immunol 2015; 6:418. [PMID: 26347741 PMCID: PMC4544156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two years, clinical trials with blocking antibodies to the negative checkpoint regulators CTLA-4 and PD-1 have rekindled the hope for cancer immunotherapy. Multiple negative checkpoint regulators protect the host against autoimmune reactions but also restrict the ability of T cells to effectively attack tumors. Releasing these brakes has emerged as an exciting strategy for cancer treatment. Conversely, these pathways can be manipulated to achieve durable tolerance for treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplantation. In the future, treatment may involve combination therapy to target multiple cell types and stages of the adaptive immune responses. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on the recently discovered negative checkpoint regulators, future targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Le Mercier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA
| | - J Louise Lines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA
| | - Randolph J Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA
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24
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Han L, Wang W, Lu J, Kong F, Ma G, Zhu Y, Zhao D, Zhu J, Shuai W, Zhou Q, Chen P, Ye L, Tao J, Ahmad S, Li F, Sun J. AAV–sBTLA facilitates HSP70 vaccine-triggered prophylactic antitumor immunity against a murine melanoma pulmonary metastasis model in vivo. Cancer Lett 2014; 354:398-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Migita K, Sho M, Shimada K, Yasuda S, Yamato I, Takayama T, Matsumoto S, Wakatsuki K, Hotta K, Tanaka T, Ito M, Konishi N, Nakajima Y. Significant involvement of herpesvirus entry mediator in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer 2013; 120:808-17. [PMID: 24249528 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) is known to regulate immune response and to be expressed in several human malignancies. However, to the authors's knowledge, the precise role of HVEM in human cancer biology remains unknown. The objective of the current study was to clarify the clinical significance of HVEM in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma as well as its in vivo functions. METHODS HVEM expression was evaluated in 103 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to explore its clinical relevance and prognostic value. The functions of HVEM in tumors were analyzed in vitro and in vivo using the small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing technique. RESULTS HVEM expression was found to be significantly correlated with depth of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, it was found to be inversely correlated with tumor-infiltrating CD4(+) , CD8(+) , and CD45RO(+) lymphocytes. It is important to note that HVEM status was identified as an independent prognostic marker. HVEM gene silencing significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation in vitro and cancer growth in vivo. This antitumor effect was associated with reduced cell proliferation activity. The effect was also correlated with the induction of CD8(+) cells and upregulation of local immune response. CONCLUSIONS HVEM plays a critical role in both tumor progression and the evasion of host antitumor immune responses, possibly through direct and indirect mechanisms. Therefore, HVEM may be a promising therapeutic target for human esophageal cancer.
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26
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Targeting costimulatory molecules to improve antitumor immunity. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:926321. [PMID: 22500111 PMCID: PMC3303883 DOI: 10.1155/2012/926321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The full activation of T cells necessitates the concomitant activation of two signals, the engagement of T-cell receptor by peptide/major histocompatibility complex II and an additional signal delivered by costimulatory molecules. The best characterized costimulatory molecules belong to B7/CD28 and TNF/TNFR families and play crucial roles in the modulation of immune response and improvement of antitumor immunity. Unfortunately, tumors often generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment, where T-cell response is attenuated by the lack of costimulatory molecules on the surface of cancer cells. Thus, targeting costimulatory pathways represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to enhance the antitumor immunity in several human cancers. Here, latest therapeutic approaches targeting costimulatory molecules will be described.
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27
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Steinberg M, Cheung TC, Ware CF. The signaling networks of the herpesvirus entry mediator (TNFRSF14) in immune regulation. Immunol Rev 2011; 244:169-87. [PMID: 22017438 PMCID: PMC3381650 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) (TNFRSF14) regulates T-cell immune responses by activating both inflammatory and inhibitory signaling pathways. HVEM acts as both a receptor for the canonical TNF-related ligands, LIGHT [lymphotoxin-like, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for HVEM, a receptor expressed on T lymphocytes] and lymphotoxin-α, and as a ligand for the immunoglobulin superfamily proteins BTLA (B and T lymphocyte attenuator) and CD160, a feature distinguishing HVEM from other immune regulatory molecules. The ability of HVEM to interact with multiple ligands in distinct configurations creates a functionally diverse set of intrinsic and bidirectional signaling pathways that control both inflammatory and inhibitory responses. The HVEM system is integrated into the larger LTβR and TNFR network through extensive shared ligand and receptor usage. Experimental mouse models and human diseases indicate that dysregulation of HVEM network may contribute to autoimmune pathogenesis, making it an attractive target for drug intervention.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Autoimmunity
- GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics
- GPI-Linked Proteins/immunology
- GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression/immunology
- Herpes Simplex/immunology
- Herpes Simplex/metabolism
- Herpes Simplex/virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/genetics
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/immunology
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/metabolism
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/genetics
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/immunology
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Receptor Cross-Talk/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carl F. Ware
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Sanford|Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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28
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Blum JS, Weller CE, Booth CJ, Babar IA, Liang X, Slack FJ, Saltzman WM. Prevention of K-Ras- and Pten-mediated intravaginal tumors by treatment with camptothecin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2011; 1:383-394. [PMID: 25419505 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-011-0038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina is an uncommon disease that often exhibits few symptoms before reaching an advanced stage. Topical intravaginal therapies for resolving precancerous and cancerous vaginal lesions have the potential to be non-invasive and safer alternatives to existing treatment options. Two factors limit the testing of this approach: lack of a preclinical intravaginal tumor model and absence of safe and effective topical delivery systems. In this study, we present both an inducible genetic model of vaginal squamous cell carcinoma in mice and a novel topical delivery system. Tumors were generated via activation of oncogenic K-Ras and inactivation of tumor suppressor Pten in LSL-K-RasG12D/+PtenloxP/loxP mice. This was accomplished by exposing the vaginal epithelium to a recombinant adenoviral vector expressing Cre recombinase (AdCre). As early as 3 weeks after AdCre exposure exophytic masses protruding from the vagina were observed; these were confirmed to be squamous cell carcinoma by histology. We utilized this model to investigate an anticancer therapy based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with camptothecin (CPT); our earlier work has shown that PLGA nanoparticles can penetrate the vaginal epithelium and provide sustained CPT release. Particles were lavaged into the vaginal cavity of AdCre-infected mice. None of the mice receiving CPT nanoparticles developed tumors. These results demonstrate a novel topical strategy to resolve precancerous and cancerous lesions in the female reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Blum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Caroline E Weller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Carmen J Booth
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Imran A Babar
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Xianping Liang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Frank J Slack
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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29
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Ai S, Duan J, Liu X, Bock S, Tian Y, Huang Z. Biological Evaluation of a Novel Doxorubicin−Peptide Conjugate for Targeted Delivery to EGF Receptor-Overexpressing Tumor Cells. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:375-86. [DOI: 10.1021/mp100243j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Ai
- College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jianli Duan
- College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Stephanie Bock
- College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430021, China
| | - Zebo Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Research Center of Food and Drug Evaluation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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