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Kong X, Vishwanath V, Neelakantan P, Ye Z. Harnessing antimicrobial peptides in endodontics. Int Endod J 2024; 57:815-840. [PMID: 38441321 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Endodontic therapy includes various procedures such as vital pulp therapy, root canal treatment and retreatment, surgical endodontic treatment and regenerative endodontic procedures. Disinfection and tissue repair are crucial for the success of these therapies, necessitating the development of therapeutics that can effectively target microbiota, eliminate biofilms, modulate inflammation and promote tissue repair. However, no current endodontic agents can achieve these goals. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are sequences of amino acids, have gained attention due to their unique advantages, including reduced susceptibility to drug resistance, broad-spectrum antibacterial properties and the ability to modulate the immune response of the organism effectively. This review systematically discusses the structure, mechanisms of action, novel designs and limitations of AMPs. Additionally, it highlights the efforts made by researchers to overcome peptide shortcomings and emphasizes the potential applications of AMPs in endodontic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzi Kong
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Vijetha Vishwanath
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhou Ye
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
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2
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Esposito TVF, Blackadar C, Wu L, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Haney EF, Pletzer D, Saatchi K, Hancock REW, Häfeli UO. Biodistribution of Native and Nanoformulated Innate Defense Regulator Peptide 1002. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2751-2766. [PMID: 38693707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Innate defense regulator-1002 (IDR-1002) is a synthetic peptide with promising immunomodulatory and antibiofilm properties. An appreciable body of work exists around its mechanism of action at the cellular and molecular level, along with its efficacy across several infection and inflammation models. However, little is known about its absorption, distribution, and excretion in live organisms. Here, we performed a comprehensive biodistribution assessment with a gallium-67 radiolabeled derivative of IDR-1002 using nuclear tracing techniques. Various dose levels of the radiotracer (2-40 mg/kg) were administered into the blood, peritoneal cavity, and subcutaneous tissue, or instilled into the lungs. The peptide was well tolerated at all subcutaneous and intraperitoneal doses, although higher levels were associated with delayed absorption kinetics and precipitation of the peptide within the tissues. Low intratracheal doses were rapidly absorbed systemically, and small increases in the dose level were lethal. Intravenous doses were rapidly cleared from the blood at lower levels, and upon escalation, were toxic with a high proportion of the dose accumulating within the lung tissue. To improve biocompatibility and prolong its circulation within the blood, IDR-1002 was further formulated onto high molecular weight hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) polymers. Constructs prepared at 5:1 and 10:1 peptide-to-polymer ratios were colloidally stable, maintained the biological profile of the peptide payload and helped reduce red blood cell lysis. The 5:1 construct circulated well in the blood, but higher peptide loading was associated with rapid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system. Many peptides face pharmacokinetic and biocompatibility challenges, but formulations such as those with HPG have the potential to overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullio V F Esposito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colin Blackadar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lan Wu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Evan F Haney
- Centre for Microbial Disease and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
- Asep Medical Holdings, 420 - 730 View Street, Victoria V8W 3Y7, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel Pletzer
- Centre for Microbial Disease and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Katayoun Saatchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Disease and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Urs O Häfeli
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1172, Denmark
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3
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Saha S, Barik D, Biswas D. AMPs as Host-Directed Immunomodulatory Agents against Skin Infections Caused by Opportunistic Bacterial Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:439. [PMID: 38786167 PMCID: PMC11117387 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin is the primary and largest protective organ of the human body. It produces a number of highly evolved arsenal of factors to counter the continuous assault of foreign materials and pathogens from the environment. One such potent factor is the repertoire of Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) that not only directly destroys invading pathogens, but also optimally modulate the immune functions of the body to counter the establishment and spread of infections. The canonical direct antimicrobial functions of these AMPs have been in focus for a long time to design principles for enhanced therapeutics, especially against the multi-drug resistant pathogens. However, in recent times the immunomodulatory functions performed by these peptides at sub-microbicidal concentrations have been a point of major focus in the field of host-directed therapeutics. Such strategies have the added benefit of not having the pathogens develop resistance against the immunomodulatory pathways, since the pathogens exploit these signaling pathways to obtain and survive within the host. Thus, this review summarizes the potent immunomodulatory effect of these AMPs on, specifically, the different host immune cells with the view of providing a platform of information that might help in designing studies to exploit and formulate effective host-directed adjunct therapeutic strategies that would synergies with drug regimens to counter the current diversity of drug-resistant skin opportunistic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Debabrata Biswas
- Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India; (S.S.); (D.B.)
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Gao N, Wang J, Fang C, Bai P, Sun Y, Wu W, Shan A. Combating bacterial infections with host defense peptides: Shifting focus from bacteria to host immunity. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 72:101030. [PMID: 38043443 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections necessitates the exploration of novel paradigms for anti-infective therapy. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also known as host defense peptides (HDPs), have garnered extensive recognition as immunomodulatory molecules that leverage natural host mechanisms to enhance therapeutic benefits. The unique immune mechanism exhibited by certain HDPs that involves self-assembly into supramolecular nanonets capable of inducing bacterial agglutination and entrapping is significantly important. This process effectively prevents microbial invasion and subsequent dissemination and significantly mitigates selective pressure for the evolution of microbial resistance, highlighting the potential of HDP-based antimicrobial therapy. Recent advancements in this field have focused on developing bio-responsive materials in the form of supramolecular nanonets. A comprehensive overview of the immunomodulatory and bacteria-agglutinating activities of HDPs, along with a discussion on optimization strategies for synthetic derivatives, is presented in this article. These optimized derivatives exhibit improved biological properties and therapeutic potential, making them suitable for future clinical applications as effective anti-infective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Chunyang Fang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Pengfei Bai
- Animal Science and Technology College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yu Sun
- Animal Science and Technology College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Wanpeng Wu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Animal Science and Technology College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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5
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Pezzanite LM, Chow L, Dow SW, Goodrich LR, Gilbertie JM, Schnabel LV. Antimicrobial Properties of Equine Stromal Cells and Platelets and Future Directions. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2023; 39:565-578. [PMID: 37442729 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing antimicrobial resistance in veterinary practice has driven the investigation of novel therapeutic strategies including regenerative and biologic therapies to treat bacterial infection. Integration of biological approaches such as platelet lysate and mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy may represent adjunctive treatment strategies for bacterial infections that minimize systemic side effects and local tissue toxicity associated with traditional antibiotics and that are not subject to antibiotic resistance. In this review, we will discuss mechanisms by which biological therapies exert antimicrobial effects, as well as potential applications and challenges in clinical implementation in equine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Pezzanite
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Steven W Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Laurie R Goodrich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jessica M Gilbertie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Lauren V Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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6
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Sebők C, Tráj P, Mackei M, Márton RA, Vörösházi J, Kemény Á, Neogrády Z, Mátis G. Modulation of the immune response by the host defense peptide IDR-1002 in chicken hepatic cell culture. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14530. [PMID: 37666888 PMCID: PMC10477227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IDR-1002, a synthetic host defense peptide (HDP), appears to be a potential candidate for the treatment of bacterial infections and the consequent inflammatory response due to its potent immunomodulatory activity. This is of relevance to the emerging issue of antimicrobial resistance in the farming sector. In this study, the effects of IDR-1002 were investigated on a chicken hepatocyte‒non-parenchymal cell co-culture, and the results revealed that IDR-1002 had complex effects on the regulation of the hepatic innate immunity. IDR-1002 increased the levels of both RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted) and Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), suggesting the peptide plays a role in the modulation of macrophage differentiation, also reflected by the reduced concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10. The pro-inflammatory cytokine release triggered by the bacterial cell wall component lipoteichoic acid (LTA) was ameliorated by the concomitantly applied IDR-1002 based on the levels of IL-6, chicken chemotactic and angiogenic factor (CXCLi2) and interferon (IFN)-γ. Moreover, the production of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an essential transcription factor in the antioxidant defense pathway, was increased after IDR-1002 exposure, while protein carbonyl (PC) levels were also elevated. These findings suggest that IDR-1002 affects the interplay of the cellular immune response and redox homeostasis, thus the peptide represents a promising tool in the treatment of bacterially induced inflammation in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Sebők
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, 1078, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Patrik Tráj
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, 1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Mackei
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, 1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rege Anna Márton
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, 1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Júlia Vörösházi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, 1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kemény
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Neogrády
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, 1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mátis
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, 1078, Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Lyu Z, Yang P, Lei J, Zhao J. Biological Function of Antimicrobial Peptides on Suppressing Pathogens and Improving Host Immunity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1037. [PMID: 37370356 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant genes and concerns about food safety caused by the overuse of antibiotics are becoming increasingly prominent. There is an urgent need for effective alternatives to antibiotics in the fields of livestock production and human medicine. Antimicrobial peptides can effectively replace antibiotics to kill pathogens and enhance the immune functions of the host, and pathogens cannot easily produce genes that are resistant to them. The ability of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to kill pathogens is associated with their structure and physicochemical properties, such as their conformation, electrical charges, hydrophilicity, and hydrophobicity. AMPs regulate the activity of immunological cells and stimulate the secretion of inflammatory cytokines via the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. However, there are still some limitations to the application of AMPs in the fields of livestock production and human medicine, including a restricted source base, high costs of purification and expression, and the instability of the intestines of animals and humans. This review summarizes the information on AMPs as effective antibiotic substitutes to improve the immunological functions of the host through suppressing pathogens and regulating inflammatory responses. Potential challenges for the commercial application of AMPs in animal husbandry and human medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Lyu
- Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian Lei
- Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China
- Qingyuan Haibei BIO-TECH Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 511853, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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8
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Duarte-Mata DI, Salinas-Carmona MC. Antimicrobial peptides´ immune modulation role in intracellular bacterial infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119574. [PMID: 37056758 PMCID: PMC10086130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular bacteria cause a wide range of diseases, and their intracellular lifestyle makes infections difficult to resolve. Furthermore, standard therapy antibiotics are often unable to eliminate the infection because they have poor cellular uptake and do not reach the concentrations needed to kill bacteria. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising therapeutic approach. AMPs are short cationic peptides. They are essential components of the innate immune response and important candidates for therapy due to their bactericidal properties and ability to modulate host immune responses. AMPs control infections through their diverse immunomodulatory effects stimulating and/or boosting immune responses. This review focuses on AMPs described to treat intracellular bacterial infections and the known immune mechanisms they influence.
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9
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Chaudhary S, Ali Z, Tehseen M, Haney EF, Pantoja-Angles A, Alshehri S, Wang T, Clancy GJ, Ayach M, Hauser C, Hong PY, Hamdan SM, Hancock REW, Mahfouz M. Efficient in planta production of amidated antimicrobial peptides that are active against drug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1464. [PMID: 36928189 PMCID: PMC10020429 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising next-generation antibiotics that can be used to combat drug-resistant pathogens. However, the high cost involved in AMP synthesis and their short plasma half-life render their clinical translation a challenge. To address these shortcomings, we report efficient production of bioactive amidated AMPs by transient expression of glycine-extended AMPs in Nicotiana benthamiana line expressing the mammalian enzyme peptidylglycine α-amidating mono-oxygenase (PAM). Cationic AMPs accumulate to substantial levels in PAM transgenic plants compare to nontransgenic N. benthamiana. Moreover, AMPs purified from plants exhibit robust killing activity against six highly virulent and antibiotic resistant ESKAPE pathogens, prevent their biofilm formation, analogous to their synthetic counterparts and synergize with antibiotics. We also perform a base case techno-economic analysis of our platform, demonstrating the potential economic advantages and scalability for industrial use. Taken together, our experimental data and techno-economic analysis demonstrate the potential use of plant chassis for large-scale production of clinical-grade AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Chaudhary
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahir Ali
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Tehseen
- Laboratory of DNA Replication and Recombination, Division of Biological Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Evan F Haney
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aarón Pantoja-Angles
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Alshehri
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tiannyu Wang
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gerard J Clancy
- Analytical Chemistry Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maya Ayach
- Imaging & Characterization Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Charlotte Hauser
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pei-Ying Hong
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir M Hamdan
- Laboratory of DNA Replication and Recombination, Division of Biological Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Magdy Mahfouz
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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10
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Zhou L, Liu Z, Zheng Z, Yao D, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Aweya JJ. The CCR1 and CCR5 C-C chemokine receptors in Penaeus vannamei are annexed by bacteria to attenuate shrimp survival. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104561. [PMID: 36183838 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The C-C chemokine receptors (CCRs) family is involved in diverse pathophysiological processes in mammals, such as immune regulation and cancer, but their functions in invertebrates remain enigmatic. Here, two CCR homologs in Penaeus vannamei (designated PvCCR1 and PvCCR5) were characterized and found to share sequence homology with other CCRs and contain the conserved 7TM functional domain. Both PvCCR1 and PvCCR5 were constitutively expressed in healthy shrimp tissues, while their mRNA transcript levels were induced in hepatopancreas and hemocytes by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptococcus iniae, and white spot syndrome virus. Notably, shrimp survival increased after knockdown of PvCCR1 and PvCCR5 followed by V. parahaemolyticus infection, indicating that PvCCR1 and PvCCR5 are annexed by the bacteria for their benefit, the absence of which attenuates the effects of the pathogen on shrimp survival. The present data indicate that PvCCR1 and PvCCR5 play key roles in the antimicrobial immune response and therefore vital for shrimp survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhou
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhouyan Liu
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China; Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China; Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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11
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Shi J, Wu J, Chen Q, Shen Y, Mi K, Yang H, Mu L. A Frog-Derived Cathelicidin Peptide with Dual Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Activities Effectively Ameliorates Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Peritonitis in Mice. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:2464-2479. [PMID: 36378028 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As antimicrobial resistance poses an increasing threat to public health, it is urgent to develop new antimicrobial agents. In this paper, we identify a novel 30-residue peptide (Nv-CATH, NCNFLCKVKQRLRSVSSTSHIGMAIPRPRG) from the skin of the frog Nanorana ventripunctata, which belongs to the cathelicidin family. Nv-CATH exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Nv-CATH significantly protected mice from lethal infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the peptide suppressed excessive and harmful inflammatory responses by repressing the production of NO, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. The NF-κB-NLRP3 and MAPK inflammatory signaling pathways were involved in the protection in vitro and in vivo. Nv-CATH also modulated macrophage/monocyte and neutrophil trafficking to the infection site by stimulating CXCL1, CXCL2, and CCL2 production in macrophages. Nv-CATH augmented immunocyte-mediated bacterial killing by modestly promoting neutrophils' phagocytosis and PMA-induced NET formation. Thus, Nv-CATH protects mice against bacterial infection by antimicrobial-immunomodulatory duality. The combination of these two characteristics makes Nv-CATH a promising molecule template for the development of novel antimicrobial and antibiotic-resistant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Kai Mi
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Hailong Yang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Lixian Mu
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
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van Dijk A, Anten J, Bakker A, Evers N, Hoekstra AT, Chang JC, Scheenstra MR, Veldhuizen EJA, Netea MG, Berkers CR, Haagsman HP. Innate Immune Training of Human Macrophages by Cathelicidin Analogs. Front Immunol 2022; 13:777530. [PMID: 35958593 PMCID: PMC9360325 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.777530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trained innate immunity can be induced in human macrophages by microbial ligands, but it is unknown if exposure to endogenous alarmins such as cathelicidins can have similar effects. Previously, we demonstrated sustained protection against infection by the chicken cathelicidin-2 analog DCATH-2. Thus, we assessed the capacity of cathelicidins to induce trained immunity. PMA-differentiated THP-1 (dTHP1) cells were trained with cathelicidin analogs for 24 hours and restimulated after a 3-day rest period. DCATH-2 training of dTHP-1 cells amplified their proinflammatory cytokine response when restimulated with TLR2/4 agonists. Trained cells displayed a biased cellular metabolism towards mTOR-dependent aerobic glycolysis and long-chain fatty acid accumulation and augmented microbicidal activity. DCATH-2-induced trained immunity was inhibited by histone acetylase inhibitors, suggesting epigenetic regulation, and depended on caveolae/lipid raft-mediated uptake, MAPK p38 and purinergic signaling. To our knowledge, this is the first report of trained immunity by host defense peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert van Dijk
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Albert van Dijk,
| | - Jennifer Anten
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anne Bakker
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Noah Evers
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anna T. Hoekstra
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jung-Chin Chang
- Division Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maaike R. Scheenstra
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Celia R. Berkers
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Division Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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In pursuit of next-generation therapeutics: Antimicrobial peptides against superbugs, their sources, mechanism of action, nanotechnology-based delivery, and clinical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:135-156. [PMID: 35868409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) attracted attention as potential source of novel antimicrobials. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections have emerged as a global threat to public health in recent years. Furthermore, due to rapid emergence of new diseases, there is pressing need for development of efficient antimicrobials. AMPs are essential part of the innate immunity in most living organisms, acting as the primary line of defense against foreign invasions. AMPs kill a wide range of microorganisms by primarily targeting cell membranes or intracellular components through a variety of ways. AMPs can be broadly categorized based on their physico-chemical properties, structure, function, target and source of origin. The synthetic analogues produced either with suitable chemical modifications or with the use of suitable delivery systems are projected to eliminate the constraints of toxicity and poor stability commonly linked with natural AMPs. The concept of peptidomimetics is gaining ground around the world nowadays. Among the delivery systems, nanoparticles are emerging as potential delivery tools for AMPs, amplifying their utility against a variety of pathogens. In the present review, the broad classification of various AMPs, their mechanism of action (MOA), challenges associated with AMPs, current applications, and novel strategies to overcome the limitations have been discussed.
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Parchebafi A, Tamanaee F, Ehteram H, Ahmad E, Nikzad H, Haddad Kashani H. The dual interaction of antimicrobial peptides on bacteria and cancer cells; mechanism of action and therapeutic strategies of nanostructures. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:118. [PMID: 35717207 PMCID: PMC9206340 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infection and cancer are two leading causes of global mortality. Discovering and developing new therapeutics with better specificity having minimal side-effects and no drug resistance are of an immense need. In this regard, cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMP) with dual antimicrobial and anticancer activities are the ultimate choice. For better efficacy and improved stability, the AMPs available for treatment still required to be modified. There are several strategies in which AMPs can be enhanced through, for instance, nano-carrier application with high selectivity and specificity enables researchers to estimate the rate of drug delivery to a particular tissue. In this review we present the biology and modes of action of AMPs for both anticancer and antimicrobial activities as well as some modification strategies to improve the efficacy and selectivity of these AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Parchebafi
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Tamanaee
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hassan Ehteram
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Haddad Kashani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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15
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Yang Y, Wu J, Li Q, Wang J, Mu L, Hui L, Li M, Xu W, Yang H, Wei L. A non-bactericidal cathelicidin provides prophylactic efficacy against bacterial infection by driving phagocyte influx. eLife 2022; 11:72849. [PMID: 35195067 PMCID: PMC8865851 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of bactericidal cathelicidins against bacterial infection have been extensively studied. However, the antibacterial property and mechanism of action of non-bactericidal cathelicidins are rarely known. Herein, a novel naturally occurring cathelicidin (PopuCATH) from tree frog (Polypedates puerensis) did not show any direct anti-bacterial activity in vitro. Intriguingly, intraperitoneal injection of PopuCATH before bacterial inoculation significantly reduced the bacterial load in tree frogs and mice, and reduced the inflammatory response induced by bacterial inoculation in mice. PopuCATH pretreatment also increased the survival rates of septic mice induced by a lethal dose of bacterial inoculation or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Intraperitoneal injection of PopuCATH significantly drove the leukocyte influx in both frogs and mice. In mice, PopuCATH rapidly drove neutrophil, monocyte/macrophage influx in mouse abdominal cavity and peripheral blood with a negligible impact on T and B lymphocytes, and neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, but not T and B lymphocytes, were required for the preventive efficacy of PopuCATH. PopuCATH did not directly act as chemoattractant for phagocytes, but PopuCATH obviously drove phagocyte migration when it was cultured with macrophages. PopuCATH significantly elicited chemokine/cytokine production in macrophages through activating p38/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB p65. PopuCATH markedly enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis via promoting the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Additionally, PopuCATH showed low side effects both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, PopuCATH acts as a host-based immune defense regulator that provides prophylactic efficacy against bacterial infection without direct antimicrobial effects. Our findings reveal a non-bactericidal cathelicidin which possesses unique anti-bacterial action, and highlight the potential of PopuCATH to prevent bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lixian Mu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Hui
- The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hailong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Wang Y, Chang RYK, Britton WJ, Chan HK. Advances in the development of antimicrobial peptides and proteins for inhaled therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114066. [PMID: 34813794 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (APPs) are becoming increasingly important in targeting multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. APPs is a rapidly emerging area with novel molecules being produced and further optimised to enhance antimicrobial efficacy, while overcoming issues associated with biologics such as potential toxicity and low bioavailability resulting from short half-life. Inhalation delivery of these agents can be an effective treatment of respiratory infections owing to the high local drug concentration in the lungs with lower exposure to systemic circulation hence reducing systemic toxicity. This review describes the recent studies on inhaled APPs, including in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities, toxicity assessments, and formulation strategies whenever available. The review also includes studies on combination of APPs with other antimicrobial agents to achieve enhanced synergistic antimicrobial effect. Since different APPs have different biological and chemical stabilities, a targeted formulation strategy should be considered for developing stable and inhalable antimicrobial peptides and proteins. These strategies include the use of sodium chloride to reduce electrostatic interaction between APP and extracellular DNA in sputum, the use of D-enantiomers or dendrimers to minimise protease-mediated degradation and or the use of prodrugs to reduce toxicity. Although great effort has been put towards optimising the biological functions of APPs, studies assessing biological stability in inhalable aerosols are scarce, particularly for novel molecules. As such, formulation and manufacture of inhalable liquid and powder formulations of APPs are underexplored, yet they are crucial areas of research for clinical translation.
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17
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Panjla A, Kaul G, Chopra S, Titz A, Verma S. Short Peptides and Their Mimetics as Potent Antibacterial Agents and Antibiotic Adjuvants. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2731-2745. [PMID: 34779605 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been increasing unrelentingly worldwide, thus negatively impacting human health. The discovery and development of novel antibiotics is an urgent unmet need of the hour. However, it has become more challenging, requiring increasingly time-consuming efforts with increased commercial risks. Hence, alternative strategies are urgently needed to potentiate the existing antibiotics. In this context, short cationic peptides or peptide-based antimicrobials that mimic the activity of naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) could overcome the disadvantages of AMPs having evolved as potent antibacterial agents. Besides their potent antibacterial efficacy, short peptide conjugates have also gained attention as potent adjuvants to conventional antibiotics. Such peptide antibiotic combinations have become an increasingly cost-effective therapeutic option to tackle AMR. This Review summarizes the recent progress for peptide-based small molecules as promising antimicrobials and as adjuvants for conventional antibiotics to counter multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Panjla
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Department of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Department of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 38124, Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Center for Nanoscience, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Mekata T. Strategy for understanding the biological defense mechanism involved in immune priming in kuruma shrimp. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 125:104228. [PMID: 34363834 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1970s, individuals that survive a specific infectious disease among crustaceans reportedly develop resistance to the given virulence factors. Quasi-immune response is a similar phenomenon of acquired resistance against white spot syndrome virus, also found in kuruma shrimp. This phenomenon, resembling immunological memory, is collectively called immune priming and recently attracts increasing attention. In this study, I review, along with recent findings, past attempts to immunize shrimp by administration of the pathogen itself or recombinant proteins of viral constituent factors. Moreover, I aimed at investigating the diversity of pattern recognition receptors in kuruma shrimp from the currently available information that allows for a better understanding of immune priming. This review would potentially help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of immune priming in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Mekata
- Pathology Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Mie, Japan.
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19
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Luna-Reyes I, Pérez-Hernández EG, Delgado-Coello B, Mas-Oliva J. Peptides as Therapeutic Molecules to Neutralize Gram-negative Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides in Sepsis and Septic Shock. Arch Med Res 2021; 52:798-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Fadaka AO, Sibuyi NRS, Madiehe AM, Meyer M. Nanotechnology-Based Delivery Systems for Antimicrobial Peptides. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111795. [PMID: 34834210 PMCID: PMC8620809 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to global health. The conventional antibiotic pool has been depleted, forcing the investigation of novel and alternative antimicrobial strategies. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown potential as alternative diagnostic and therapeutic agents in biomedical applications. To date, over 3000 AMPs have been identified, but only a fraction of these have been approved for clinical trials. Their clinical applications are limited to topical application due to their systemic toxicity, susceptibility to protease degradation, short half-life, and rapid renal clearance. To circumvent these challenges and improve AMP’s efficacy, different approaches such as peptide chemical modifications and the development of AMP delivery systems have been employed. Nanomaterials have been shown to improve the activity of antimicrobial drugs by providing support and synergistic effect against pathogenic microbes. This paper describes the role of nanotechnology in the targeted delivery of AMPs, and some of the nano-based delivery strategies for AMPs are discussed with a clear focus on metallic nanoparticle (MNP) formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mervin Meyer
- Correspondence: (A.O.F.); (N.R.S.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.M.)
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21
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Host Defense Peptides: Dual Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Action. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011172. [PMID: 34681833 PMCID: PMC8538224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has once again caused bacterial infections to become a global health concern. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also known as host defense peptides (HDPs), offer a viable solution to these pathogens due to their diverse mechanisms of actions, which include direct killing as well as immunomodulatory properties (e.g., anti-inflammatory activity). HDPs may hence provide a more robust treatment of bacterial infections. In this review, the advent of and the mechanisms that lead to antibiotic resistance will be described. HDP mechanisms of antibacterial and immunomodulatory action will be presented, with specific examples of how the HDP aurein 2.2 and a few of its derivatives, namely peptide 73 and cG4L73, function. Finally, resistance that may arise from a broader use of HDPs in a clinical setting and methods to improve biocompatibility will be briefly discussed.
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22
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Immunomodulatory Properties of Host Defence Peptides in Skin Wound Healing. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070952. [PMID: 34203393 PMCID: PMC8301823 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is a vital biological process that aids skin regeneration upon injury. Wound healing failure results from persistent inflammatory conditions observed in diabetes, or autoimmune diseases like psoriasis. Chronic wounds are incurable due to factors like poor oxygenation, aberrant function of peripheral sensory nervature, inadequate nutrients and blood tissue supply. The most significant hallmark of chronic wounds is heavily aberrant immune skin function. The immune response in humans relies on a large network of signalling molecules and their interactions. Research studies have reported on the dual role of host defence peptides (HDPs), which are also often called antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Their duality reflects their potential for acting as antibacterial peptides, and as immunodulators that assist in modulating several biological signalling pathways related to processes such as wound healing, autoimmune disease, and others. HDPs may differentially control gene regulation and alter the behaviour of epithelial and immune cells, resulting in modulation of immune responses. In this review, we shed light on the understanding and most recent advances related to molecular mechanisms and immune modulatory features of host defence peptides in human skin wound healing. Understanding their functional role in skin immunity may further inspire topical treatments for chronic wounds.
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23
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Rational design of innate defense regulator peptides as tumor vaccine adjuvants. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:75. [PMID: 34016984 PMCID: PMC8138013 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of adjuvants has been an empirical process. Efforts to develop a new design and evaluation system for novel adjuvants are not only desirable but also necessary. Moreover, composite adjuvants that contain two or more types of adjuvants to synergistically enhance the immune response are important for adjuvant and vaccine design. Innate defense regulator peptides (IDRs) are promising adjuvants for clinical immunotherapy because they exhibit multifaceted immunomodulatory capabilities. However, the rational design and discovery of IDRs that have improved immunomodulatory activities have been hampered by the lack of screening techniques and the great challenges in the identification of their interaction partners. Here, we describe a screening and evaluation system for IDR design. On the basis of in vitro screening, the optimized IDR DP7 recruited neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages to the site of infection. The adjuvant, comprising the DP7 and CpG oligonucleotide (CpG), induced chemokine/cytokine expression, enhanced the antigen uptake by dendritic cells and upregulated surface marker expression in dendritic cells. Vaccination with the NY-ESO-1 or OVA antigens combined with the adjuvant alum/CpG/DP7 strongly suppressed tumor growth in mice which was due to the improvement of antigen-specific humoral and cellular immunity. Regarding the mechanism of action, GPR35 may be the potential interaction partner of DP7. Our study revealed the potential application of the screening and evaluation system as a strategy for rationally designing effective IDRs or composite adjuvants and identifying their mechanism of action.
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Alford MA, Choi KYG, Trimble MJ, Masoudi H, Kalsi P, Pletzer D, Hancock REW. Murine Model of Sinusitis Infection for Screening Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Therapies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:621081. [PMID: 33777834 PMCID: PMC7994591 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.621081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The very common condition of sinusitis is characterized by persistent inflammation of the nasal cavity, which contributes to chronic rhinosinusitis and morbidity of cystic fibrosis patients. Colonization by opportunistic pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa triggers inflammation that is exacerbated by defects in the innate immune response. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying initial colonization of the sinuses are not well established. Despite their extensive use, current murine models of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis have not improved the understanding of early disease stages due to analytical limitations. In this study, a model is described that is technically simple, allows non-invasive tracking of bacterial infection, and screening of host-responses to infection and therapies. The model was modified to investigate longer-term infection and disease progression by using a less virulent, epidemic P. aeruginosa cystic fibrosis clinical isolate LESB65. Tracking of luminescent bacteria was possible after intranasal infections, which were sustained for up to 120 h post-infection, without compromising the overall welfare of the host. Production of reactive oxidative species was associated with neutrophil localization to the site of infection in this model. Further, host-defense peptides administered by Respimat® inhaler or intranasal instillation reduced bacterial burden and impacted disease progression as well as cytokine responses associated with rhinosinusitis. Thus, future studies using this model will improve our understanding of rhinosinusitis etiology and early stage pathogenesis, and can be used to screen for the efficacy of emerging therapies pre-clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A. Alford
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ka-Yee G. Choi
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael J. Trimble
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Public Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hamid Masoudi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pavneet Kalsi
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Pletzer
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Robert E. W. Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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25
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Sousa MGC, Xavier PD, Cantuária APDC, Porcino RA, Almeida JA, Franco OL, Rezende TMB. Host defense peptide IDR-1002 associated with ciprofloxacin as a new antimicrobial and immunomodulatory strategy for dental pulp revascularization therapy. Microb Pathog 2020; 152:104634. [PMID: 33242643 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative therapies such as dental pulpal revascularization appear as an option for traumatized immature permanent teeth. However, the triple antibiotic paste - TAP (metronidazole, minocycline, and ciprofloxacin), used for these therapies, can generate cytotoxicity and dentin discoloration. In contrast, host defense peptides (HDPs) are promising antimicrobial and immunomodulatory biomolecules for dentistry. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial activity (against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and the immunomodulatory potential (by the evaluation of IL-1α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-10, TNF-α and NO, in RAW 264.7 macrophages and IL-6, TGF-β and NO, in L929 fibroblast) of synthetic peptides (DJK-6, IDR-1018, and IDR-1002), compared to TAP in an in vitro infection model containing heat-killed antigens from E. faecalis and S. aureus. Furthermore, the synergistic potential of ciprofloxacin and IDR-1002 was evaluated by checkerboard. Ciprofloxacin was the best antimicrobial of TAP, besides acting in synergism with IDR-1002. TAP was pro-inflammatory (p < 0.05), while the association of ciprofloxacin and IDR-1002 presented an anti-inflammatory profile mainly in the presence of both heat-killed antigens (p < 0.05). Based on these results, ciprofloxacin associated with IDR-1002 may demonstrate an efficient antimicrobial and immunomodulatory action in this in vitro model. Further in vivo studies may determine the real potential of this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Gonçalves C Sousa
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Patrícia D Xavier
- Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de C Cantuária
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Rayssa A Porcino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Jeeser A Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Octávio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Taia Maria B Rezende
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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26
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Montero L, Cervantes-Torres J, Sciutto E, Fragoso G. Helminth-derived peptide GK-1 induces Myd88-dependent pro-inflammatory signaling events in bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells. Mol Immunol 2020; 128:22-32. [PMID: 33049560 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
GK-1 is an immunomodulatory, 18-aa-long peptide that has been proved to promote the activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages and LPS-pulsed mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs). This study is aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the activation of these antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by GK-1. In our study, GK-1 up-regulated in vitro the expression of CD86 and CD40, and it increased the secretion of NO in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). In BM-DCs, GK-1 upregulated the expression of MHC class II and CD86. Additionally, GK-1 was found to be involved in the phosphorylation of MAPK p38, JNK and ERK 1/2 and in Myd88-dependent activation of NF-κB in both antigen-presenting cell types. In vivo, GK-1 increased the secretion of IL-15, CCL2, and IL-6 through a Myd88-dependent mechanism. This study demonstrated that GK-1 promotes the activation and effector activity of APCs through a mechanism dependent on Myd88, probably involving a Toll-like receptor as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Montero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, 04510, Mexico.
| | | | - Edda Sciutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, 04510, Mexico.
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27
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Amin Yavari S, Castenmiller SM, van Strijp JAG, Croes M. Combating Implant Infections: Shifting Focus from Bacteria to Host. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002962. [PMID: 32914481 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of biomaterials to support or replace body parts is increasingly threatened by the risk of implant-associated infections. In the quest for finding novel anti-infective biomaterials, there generally has been a one-sided focus on biomaterials with direct antibacterial properties, which leads to excessive use of antibacterial agents, compromised host responses, and unpredictable effectiveness in vivo. This review sheds light on how host immunomodulation, rather than only targeting bacteria, can endow biomaterials with improved anti-infective properties. How antibacterial surface treatments are at risk to be undermined by biomaterial features that dysregulate the protection normally provided by critical immune cell subsets, namely, neutrophils and macrophages, is discussed. Accordingly, how the precise modification of biomaterial surface biophysical cues, or the incorporation of immunomodulatory drug delivery systems, can render biomaterials with the necessary immune-compatible and immune-protective properties to potentiate the host defense mechanisms is reviewed. Within this context, the protective role of host defense peptides, metallic particles, quorum sensing inhibitors, and therapeutic adjuvants is discussed. The highlighted immunomodulatory strategies may lay a foundation to develop anti-infective biomaterials, while mitigating the increasing threat of antibacterial drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Amin Yavari
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508GA, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Castenmiller
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508GA, The Netherlands
| | - Jos A G van Strijp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508GA, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Croes
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508GA, The Netherlands
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28
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Browne K, Chakraborty S, Chen R, Willcox MDP, Black DS, Walsh WR, Kumar N. A New Era of Antibiotics: The Clinical Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197047. [PMID: 32987946 PMCID: PMC7582481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a multifaceted crisis, imposing a serious threat to global health. The traditional antibiotic pipeline has been exhausted, prompting research into alternate antimicrobial strategies. Inspired by nature, antimicrobial peptides are rapidly gaining attention for their clinical potential as they present distinct advantages over traditional antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides are found in all forms of life and demonstrate a pivotal role in the innate immune system. Many antimicrobial peptides are evolutionarily conserved, with limited propensity for resistance. Additionally, chemical modifications to the peptide backbone can be used to improve biological activity and stability and reduce toxicity. This review details the therapeutic potential of peptide-based antimicrobials, as well as the challenges needed to overcome in order for clinical translation. We explore the proposed mechanisms of activity, design of synthetic biomimics, and how this novel class of antimicrobial compound may address the need for effective antibiotics. Finally, we discuss commercially available peptide-based antimicrobials and antimicrobial peptides in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Browne
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; (K.B.); (S.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Sudip Chakraborty
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; (K.B.); (S.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Renxun Chen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; (K.B.); (S.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Mark DP Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia;
| | - David StClair Black
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; (K.B.); (S.C.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.B.); (N.K.); Tel.: +612-9385-4657 (D.S.B.); +612-9385-4698 (N.K.)
| | - William R Walsh
- Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (SORL), Prince of Wales Clinical School, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Randwick 2031, Australia;
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; (K.B.); (S.C.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.B.); (N.K.); Tel.: +612-9385-4657 (D.S.B.); +612-9385-4698 (N.K.)
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29
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Hemshekhar M, Piyadasa H, Mostafa D, Chow LNY, Halayko AJ, Mookherjee N. Cathelicidin and Calprotectin Are Disparately Altered in Murine Models of Inflammatory Arthritis and Airway Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1932. [PMID: 32973796 PMCID: PMC7468387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic host defense peptides (CHDP) are immunomodulatory molecules that control infections and contribute to immune homeostasis. CHDP such as cathelicidin and calprotectin expression is altered in the arthritic synovium, and in the lungs of asthma and COPD patients. Recent studies suggest a link between airway inflammation and the immunopathology of arthritis. Therefore, in this study we compared the abundance of mouse cathelicidin (CRAMP), defensins, and calprotectin subunits (S100A8 and S100A9) in murine models of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and allergen house dust mite (HDM)-challenged airway inflammation. CRAMP, S100A8, and S100A9 abundance were significantly elevated in the joint tissues of CIA mice, whereas these were decreased in the lung tissues of HDM-challenged mice, compared to naïve. We further compared the effects of administration of two different synthetic immunomodulatory peptides, IG-19 and IDR-1002, on cathelicidin and calprotectin abundance in the two models. Administration of IG-19, which controls disease progression and inflammation in CIA mice, significantly decreased CRAMP, S100A8, and S100A9 levels to baseline in the joints of the CIA mice, which correlated with the decrease in cellular influx in the joints. However, administration of IDR-1002, which suppresses HDM-induced airway inflammation, did not prevent the decrease in the levels of cathelicidin and calprotectin in the lungs of HDM-challenged mice. Cathelicidin and calprotectin levels did not correlate with leukocyte accumulation in the lungs of the HDM-challenged mice. Results of this study suggest that endogenous cathelicidin and calprotectin abundance are disparately altered, and may be differentially regulated, within local tissues in airway inflammation compared to arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevappa Hemshekhar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hadeesha Piyadasa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Dina Mostafa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Leola N Y Chow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Neeloffer Mookherjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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30
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Overview of Host Defense Peptides and Their Applications for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 146:91-103. [PMID: 32590651 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host defense peptides are a family of endogenous short peptides that are found in all living beings and play a critical role in innate immunity against infection. METHODS A nonsystematic review of host defense peptides was conducted with specific interest in properties and applications relevant to plastic and reconstructive surgery. RESULTS In addition to their direct antimicrobial actions against pathogens, including multidrug-resistant bacteria, they also demonstrate important functions in immunomodulation, tumor cell lysis, and tissue regeneration. These properties have made them a topic of clinical interest for plastic surgeons because of their potential applications as novel antibiotics, wound healing medications, and cancer therapies. The rising clinical interest has led to a robust body of literature describing host defense peptides in great depth and breadth. Numerous mechanisms have been observed to explain their diverse functions, which rely on specific structural characteristics. However, these peptides remain mostly experimental, with limited translation to clinical practice because of numerous failures to achieve acceptable results in human trials. CONCLUSIONS Despite the broad ranging potential of these peptides for use in the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery, they are rarely discussed in the literature or at scientific meetings. In this review, the authors provide a summary of the background, structure, function, bacterial resistance, and clinical applications of host defense peptides with the goal of stimulating host defense peptide-based innovation within the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery.
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31
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In Vitro and In Vivo Antibiotic Capacity of Two Host Defense Peptides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00145-20. [PMID: 32366718 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00145-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two nonamidated host defense peptides named Pin2[G] and FA1 were evaluated against three types of pathogenic bacteria: two (Staphylococcus aureus UPD13 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa UPD3) isolated from diabetic foot ulcer patients, and another (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium [ATCC 14028]) from a commercial collection. In vitro experiments showed that the antimicrobial performance of the synthetic peptides Pin2[G] and FA1 was modest, although FA1 was more effective than Pin2[G]. In contrast, Pin2[G] had superior in vivo anti-infective activity to FA1 in rabbit wound infections by the diabetic foot ulcer pathogens S. aureus UPD13 and P. aeruginosa UPD3. Indeed, Pin2[G] reduced bacterial colony counts of both S. aureus UPD13 and P. aeruginosa UPD3 by >100,000-fold after 48 to 72 h on skin wounds of infected rabbits, while in similar infected wounds, FA1 had no major effects at 72 to 96 h of treatment. Ceftriaxone was equally effective versus Pseudomonas but less effective versus S. aureus infections. Additionally, the two peptides were evaluated in mice against intragastrically inoculated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (ATCC 14028). Only Pin2[G] at 0.56 mg/kg was effective in reducing systemic (liver) infection by >67-fold, equivalent to the effect of treatment with levofloxacin. Pin2[G] showed superior immunomodulatory activity in increasing chemokine production by a human bronchial cell line and suppressing polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C])-induced proinflammatory IL-6 production. These data showed that the in vitro antimicrobial activity of these peptides was not correlated with their in vivo anti-infective activity and suggest that other factors such as immunomodulatory activity were more important.
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32
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Lone A, Arnous A, Hansen PR, Mojsoska B, Jenssen H. Synthesis of Peptoids Containing Multiple Nhtrp and Ntrp Residues: A Comparative Study of Resin, Cleavage Conditions and Submonomer Protection. Front Chem 2020; 8:370. [PMID: 32411678 PMCID: PMC7201050 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptoids hold status as peptide-mimetics with versatile biological applications due to their proteolytic stability and structural diversity. Among those that have been studied in different biological systems, are peptoids with dominant balanced hydrophobic and charge distribution along the backbone. Tryptophan is an important amino acid found in many biologically active peptides. Tryptophan-like side chains in peptoids allow H-bonding, which is absent from the parent backbone, due to the unique indole ring. Furthermore, the rigid hydrophobic core and flat aromatic system influence the positioning in the hydrocarbon core and allows accommodating tryptophan-like side chains into the interfacial regions of bacterial membranes and causing bacterial membrane damage. Incorporating multiple tryptophan-like side chains in peptoids can be tricky and there is a lack of suitable, synthetic routes established. In this paper, we investigate the synthesis of peptoids rich in Nhtrp and Ntrp residues using different resins, cleavage conditions, and unprotected as well as tert-butyloxycarbonyl-protected amines suitable for automated solid-phase submonomer peptoid synthesis protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Lone
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anis Arnous
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Paul Robert Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Biljana Mojsoska
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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33
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Cai J, Li X, Du H, Jiang C, Xu S, Cao Y. Immunomodulatory significance of natural peptides in mammalians: Promising agents for medical application. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151936. [PMID: 32209241 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of immune responses by immunoregulatory agents, such as the natural or synthetic immunomodulatory peptides, has been suggested as a potential strategy to modulate immune system against infection and other immune-related diseases. These compositionally simple peptides have attracted much attention for many drug developers, due to their high activity, low toxicity and clear target specificity. Host defence peptides and milk-derived peptides are two kinds of natural immunomodulatory peptides which have been widely studied in mammalians. They could participate at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity by regulating immune effector cells. This review summarizes the recent advances in host defence peptides and milk-derived peptides as well as their general characteristics, immunomodulatory functions and possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongming Du
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengfei Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China.
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34
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Mookherjee N, Anderson MA, Haagsman HP, Davidson DJ. Antimicrobial host defence peptides: functions and clinical potential. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:311-332. [DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 425] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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A Novel Adjuvant "Sublancin" Enhances Immune Response in Specific Pathogen-Free Broiler Chickens Inoculated with Newcastle Disease Vaccine. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:1016567. [PMID: 31871952 PMCID: PMC6913348 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1016567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sublancin is a glycosylated antimicrobial peptide produced by Bacillus subtilis 168 possessing antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of sublancin on immune functions and serum antibody titer in specific pathogen-free (SPF) broiler chickens vaccinated with Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine. For this purpose, 3 experiments were performed. Experiment 1: SPF broiler chicks (14 days old) were randomly allotted to 1 of 7 groups including a blank control (BC), vaccine control (VC), and 5 (3-7) vaccinated and sublancin supplemented at 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg activity/L of water, respectively. Vaccinated groups (2-7) were vaccinated with ND vaccine by intranasal and intraocular routes at the 14th day. On 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post vaccination (dpv), the blood samples were collected for the determination of serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titer. Experiment 2: SPF broiler chicks were divided into 1 of 3 groups, i.e., blank control (BC), vaccine control (VC), and sublancin treatment (ST). On 7, 14, and 21 dpv, the blood samples were collected for measuring HI antibody titer by micromethod. Experiment 3: the design of this experiment was the same as that of experiment 2. On 7 and 21 dpv, pinocytosis of peritoneal macrophages, B lymphocyte proliferation assay, measurement of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and serum cytokine quantitation were carried out. It was noted that sublancin promoted B lymphocyte proliferation, increased the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocyte subpopulations, and enhanced the antibody titer in broiler chickens. In addition, it was also observed that sublancin has the potential to induce the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-4. In conclusion, these findings suggested that sublancin could promote both humoral and cellular immune responses and has the potential to be a promising vaccine adjuvant.
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36
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Ye WH, Yeghiasarian L, Cutler CW, Bergeron BE, Sidow S, Xu HHK, Niu LN, Ma JZ, Tay FR. Comparison of the use of d-enantiomeric and l-enantiomeric antimicrobial peptides incorporated in a calcium-chelating irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis root canal wall biofilms. J Dent 2019; 91:103231. [PMID: 31712128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the anti-biofilm efficacy of two antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), 1018 and DJK-5, in disrupting canal wall biofilms in the isthmus, canal and dentinal tubules of single-rooted maxillary premolars. METHODS Enterococcus faecalis single-species biofilms were formed in-situ in the root canal system of the premolars (n = 91). Confocal laser scanning microscopy, bacterial sampling, colony-forming unit counting, XTT assay, lactate dehydrogenase assay and phenol-sulphuric acid method were used to identify the anti-biofilm efficacy of both AMPs and their influence on bacterial metabolic activity. RESULTS Both AMPs disrupted in-situ E. faecalis biofilms and altered their metabolic activity. At 20 μg/mL, the d-enantiomeric AMP DJK-5 killed 55.5 %, 57.3 % and 55.8 % of biofilm bacteria in the isthmus, canal and dentinal tubules, respectively, in 1 min. In contrast, the l-enantiomeric AMP 1018 only eradicated 25.6 %, 25.5 % and 27.5 % of biofilm bacteria in the isthmus, canal and dentinal tubules, respectively, within the same time. Anti-biofilm efficacy of the root canal irrigants tested were in the order: 6 % NaOCl > 20 μg/mL DJK-5 > 10 μg/mL DJK-5 > 20 μg/mL 1018 > 10 μg/mL 1018 > 0.9 % NaCl. CONCLUSIONS The present results are confirmatory of previous studies, in that d-enantiomeric AMPs exhibit more potent antibacterial properties than l-enantiomeric AMPs against E. faecalis biofilms within the canal space. Nevertheless, the potency of both AMPs are concentration-dependent. Incorporation of these agents into EDTA, a non-antibacterial calcium-chelating irrigant for removal of the inorganic component of the canal space debris, does not reduce the efficacy of either AMP. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The present study provides the proof of concept that incorporation of an antimicrobial peptide into a calcium-chelating root canal irrigant enhances the disinfection of intratubular single-species biofilms during smear layer and smear plug removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hu Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | - Brian E Bergeron
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Stephanie Sidow
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Li-Na Niu
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Jing-Zhi Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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37
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He X, Yang Y, Mu L, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Wu J, Wang Y, Yang H, Li M, Xu W, Wei L. A Frog-Derived Immunomodulatory Peptide Promotes Cutaneous Wound Healing by Regulating Cellular Response. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2421. [PMID: 31681309 PMCID: PMC6812695 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing-promoting peptides exhibit excellent therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. However, amphibian-derived wound healing-promoting peptides and their mechanism of action remain to be further elucidated. We hereby characterized a wound healing-promoting peptide, Ot-WHP, derived from Chinese concave-eared frog Odorrana tormota. It efficiently promoted wound healing in a mouse model of full-thickness wounds. Ot-WHP significantly increased the number of neutrophils in wounds, and modestly promoted neutrophil phagocytosis and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Ot-WHP also significantly increased the number of macrophages in wound sites, and directly induced chemokine, cytokine and growth factor production in macrophages by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Of note, Ot-WHP did not act as a chemoattractant for neutrophils and macrophages, suggesting its chemotactic activity depends on inducing chemoattractant production in macrophages. Besides, Ot-WHP directly promoted keratinocyte migration by enhancing integrin expression and cell adhesion. In addition, Ot-WHP significantly enhanced the cross-talk between macrophages and keratinocytes/fibroblasts by promoting keratinocyte/fibroblast proliferation, and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition despite having no direct effects on keratinocyte/fibroblast proliferation, and fibroblast differentiation. Collectively, Ot-WHP directly elicited the production of regulatory factors in macrophages, consequently initiated and accelerated the inflammatory phase by recruiting neutrophils and macrophages to wounds, and in turn enhanced the cross-talk between macrophages and keratinocytes/fibroblasts, additionally promoted keratinocyte migration, and finally promoted cutaneous wound healing. Our findings provide a promising immunomodulator for acute wound management and new clues for understanding the mechanism of action of amphibian-derived wound healing-promoting peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lixian Mu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yandong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hailong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Qin S, Xu K, Nie B, Ji F, Zhang H. Approaches based on passive and active antibacterial coating on titanium to achieve antibacterial activity. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 106:2531-2539. [PMID: 29603857 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely applied as orthopedic implants for hip and knee prosthesis, fixation, and dental implants. However, Ti and its alloys are bioinert and susceptible to bacteria and biofilm formation. Strategies for improving the antibacterial properties of Ti can be divided into two approaches, namely, passive coating and active coating on the Ti surface. Passive coating on Ti mainly kills the bacteria in contact but does not kill plankton or bacteria dwell in the bone tissue around the Ti implant. Active coating mainly involves the release of antibacterial agents to kill the bacteria, but this may result in the development of bacterial resistance. Both strategies include advantages and disadvantages. This article reviews the current and potential future approaches for improving antibacterial activity on Ti. We mainly focus on current approaches for fabricating antibacterial Ti and its limitations and countermeasures, and provide direction for further studies of biofunctionalization of Ti with antibacterial properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A:2531-2539, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai hospital Affiliated to the Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai hospital Affiliated to the Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Binen Nie
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai hospital Affiliated to the Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai hospital Affiliated to the Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Zhang S, Xu W, Wang H, Cao M, Li M, Zhao J, Hu Y, Wang Y, Li S, Xie Y, Chen G, Liu R, Cheng Y, Xu Z, Zou K, Gong S, Geng L. Inhibition of CREB-mediated ZO-1 and activation of NF-κB-induced IL-6 by colonic epithelial MCT4 destroys intestinal barrier function. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12673. [PMID: 31418947 PMCID: PMC6869122 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a disorder intestinal inflammation and impaired barrier function, associated with increased epithelial expression of monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4). However, the specific non‐metabolic function and clinical relevance of MCT4 in IBD remain to be fully elucidated. Methods Lentivirus‐mediated overexpression of MCT4 was used to assess the role of MCT4 in transcriptionally regulating ZO‐1 and IL‐6 expression by luciferase assays, WB and ChIP. IP was used to analyse the effect of MCT4 on the interaction NF‐κB‐CBP or CREB‐CBP, and these MCT4‐mediated effects were confirmed in vivo assay. Results We showed that ectopic expression of MCT4 inhibited ZO‐1 expression, while increased pro‐inflammatory factors expression, leading to destroy intestinal epithelial barrier function in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, MCT4 contributed NF‐κB p65 nuclear translocation and increased the binding of NF‐κB p65 to the promoter of IL‐6, which is attributed to MCT4 enhanced NF‐κB‐CBP interaction and dissolved CREB‐CBP complex, resulting in reduction of CREB activity and CREB‐mediated ZO‐1 expression. In addition, treatment of experimental colitis with MCT4 inhibitor α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamate (CHC) ameliorated mucosal intestinal barrier function, which was due to attenuation of pro‐inflammation factors expression and enhancement of ZO‐1 expression. Conclusion These findings suggested a novel role of MCT4 in controlling development of IBD and provided evidence for potential targets of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxian Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanfu Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiwan Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Musheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Yaodong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, China
| | - Songyu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qionghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionghai, China
| | - Yuanwen Xie
- Department of Anorectal, Qionghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionghai, China
| | - Guanhua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruitao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohui Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kejian Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanlan Geng
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Shrestha A, Duwadi D, Jukosky J, Fiering SN. Cecropin-like antimicrobial peptide protects mice from lethal E.coli infection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220344. [PMID: 31344137 PMCID: PMC6658118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance of pathogenic bacteria to standard antibiotics is an issue of great concern, and new treatments for bacterial infections are needed. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small, cationic, and amphipathic molecules expressed by metazoans that kill pathogens. They are a key part of the innate immune system in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Due to their low toxicity and broad antimicrobial activities, there has been increasing attention to their therapeutic usage. Our previous research demonstrated that four peptides-DAN1, DAN2, HOLO1 and LOUDEF1-derived from recently sequenced arthropod genomes exhibited potent antimicrobial effects in-vitro. In this study, we show that DAN2 protected 100% of mice when it was administered at a concentration of 20 mg/kg thirty minutes after the inoculation of a lethal dose of E. coli intraperitoneally. Lower concentrations of DAN2-10mg/kg and 5mg/kg protected more than 2/3s of the mice. All three dose levels reduced bacterial loads in blood and peritoneal fluid by 10-fold or more when counted six hours after bacterial challenge. We determined that DAN2 acts by compromising the integrity of the E. coli membrane. This study supports the potential of DAN2 peptide as a therapeutic agent for treating antibiotic resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepesh Duwadi
- Colby-Sawyer College, New London, NH, United States of America
| | - James Jukosky
- Colby-Sawyer College, New London, NH, United States of America
| | - Steven N. Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States of America
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Huang C, Yang X, Huang J, Liu X, Yang X, Jin H, Huang Q, Li L, Zhou R. Porcine Beta-Defensin 2 Provides Protection Against Bacterial Infection by a Direct Bactericidal Activity and Alleviates Inflammation via Interference With the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1673. [PMID: 31379864 PMCID: PMC6657668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine beta-defensin 2 (PBD-2) which is a member of the family of antimicrobial peptides, is widely expressed in pig organs with a broad spectrum of bactericidal activities confirmed in vitro. We previously demonstrated that transgenic (TG) pigs overexpressing PBD-2 could resist the infection by the porcine pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. In this study, the roles of PBD-2 in protecting against bacterial infection were further investigated. The biochemical indexes of the blood sample, body weights, histological morphologies, and weights of the organs of TG mice expressing PBD-2 were measured. Results confirmed that these mice showed normal physiological features. An assay of Salmonella Typhimurium infection was conducted on wild-type (WT) and TG mice. The TG mice possessed higher survival rate, less body weight loss, and pathological changes and smaller recovery rates of bacteria after infection with S. Typhimurium. The in vitro synthetic PBD-2 and the serum and tissue homogenates from the TG mice displayed a direct bactericidal activity. Moreover, PBD-2 could inhibit the release of the proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-12, in the TG mice infected with S. Typhimurium or treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The WT mice treated with PBD-2 and S. Typhimurium or LPS showed reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines. The mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 which expressed PBD-2 was constructed to detect the signal pathways affected by PBD-2. The suppressing effect of PBD-2 on the release of the proinflammatory cytokines was confirmed using RAW 264.7 either expressing PBD-2 or supplemented with PBD-2. The promoter activity and mRNA level of NF-κB were detected, and PBD-2 was shown to significantly inhibit the activation of the NF-κB pathway induced by LPS. The direct interaction of PBD-2 with TLR4 was revealed by isothermal titration calorimetry and far-Western blot in vitro and the coimmunoprecipitation of PBD-2 with TLR4 on RAW 264.7 cells. This interaction indicates one reason for the interference of NF-κB activation. Overall, this study showed that PBD-2 protected against bacterial infection through a direct bactericidal activity and alleviated inflammation by interfering with the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
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Levast B, Hogan D, van Kessel J, Strom S, Walker S, Zhu J, Meurens F, Gerdts V. Synthetic Cationic Peptide IDR-1002 and Human Cathelicidin LL37 Modulate the Cell Innate Response but Differentially Impact PRRSV Replication in vitro. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:233. [PMID: 31355218 PMCID: PMC6640542 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) show both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties making them important mediators of the host immune system. In humans but also in pigs many HDPs have been identified and important families such as cathelicidins and defensins have been established. In our study, we assessed: (i) the potential interactions that could occur between three peptides (LL37, PR39, and synthetic innate defense regulator (IDR)-1002) and a common TLR ligand called poly(I:C); (ii) the impact of selected peptides on the response of alveolar macrophage (AM) to poly(I:C) stimulation; (iii) the anti-porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) properties of the peptides; and (iv) their adjuvant potential in a PRRSV challenge experiment after immunization with different vaccine formulations. The results are as following: LL37, PR39, and IDR-1002 were able to interact with poly(I:C) using an agarose gel migration assay. Then, an alteration of AM's response to poly(I:C) stimulation was observed when the cells were co-stimulated with LL37 and IDR-1002. Regarding the anti-PRRSV potential of the peptides only LL37 showed a PRRSV inhibition in infected AM as well as precision cut lung slices (PCLS). However, in our conditions and despite their immunomodulatory properties, neither LL37 nor IDR-1002 showed any convincing potential as an adjuvant when associated to killed PRRSV in a challenge experiment. In conclusion, both antiviral and immunomodulatory properties could be identified for LL37, only immunomodulatory properties for IDR-1002, and both peptides failed to improve the immune response consecutive to an immunization with a killed vaccine in a PPRSV challenge experiment. However, further studies are needed to fully decipher and explain differences between peptide properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Levast
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jill van Kessel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Stacy Strom
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Stew Walker
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, China
| | | | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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43
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Chemotactic Ligands that Activate G-Protein-Coupled Formylpeptide Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143426. [PMID: 31336833 PMCID: PMC6678346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte infiltration is a hallmark of inflammatory responses. This process depends on the bacterial and host tissue-derived chemotactic factors interacting with G-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane receptors (GPCRs) expressed on the cell surface. Formylpeptide receptors (FPRs in human and Fprs in mice) belong to the family of chemoattractant GPCRs that are critical mediators of myeloid cell trafficking in microbial infection, inflammation, immune responses and cancer progression. Both murine Fprs and human FPRs participate in many patho-physiological processes due to their expression on a variety of cell types in addition to myeloid cells. FPR contribution to numerous pathologies is in part due to its capacity to interact with a plethora of structurally diverse chemotactic ligands. One of the murine Fpr members, Fpr2, and its endogenous agonist peptide, Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP), control normal mouse colon epithelial growth, repair and protection against inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. Recent developments in FPR (Fpr) and ligand studies have greatly expanded the scope of these receptors and ligands in host homeostasis and disease conditions, therefore helping to establish these molecules as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Sarkar I, Garg R, van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S. Selection of adjuvants for vaccines targeting specific pathogens. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:505-521. [PMID: 31009255 PMCID: PMC7103699 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1604231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adjuvants form an integral component in most of the inactivated and subunit vaccine formulations. Careful and proper selection of adjuvants helps in promoting appropriate immune responses against target pathogens at both innate and adaptive levels such that protective immunity can be elicited. Areas covered: Herein, we describe the recent progress in our understanding of the mode of action of adjuvants that are licensed for use in human vaccines or in clinical or pre-clinical stages at both innate and adaptive levels. Different pathogens have distinct characteristics, which require the host to mount an appropriate immune response against them. Adjuvants can be selected to elicit a tailor-made immune response to specific pathogens based on their unique properties. Identification of biomarkers of adjuvanticity for several candidate vaccines using omics-based technologies can unravel the mechanism of action of modern and experimental adjuvants. Expert opinion: Adjuvant technology has been revolutionized over the last two decades. In-depth understanding of the role of adjuvants in activating the innate immune system, combined with systems vaccinology approaches, have led to the development of next-generation, novel adjuvants that can be used in vaccines against challenging pathogens and in specific target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Sarkar
- a VIDO-InterVac , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada.,b Microbiology and Immunology , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Ravendra Garg
- a VIDO-InterVac , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
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Antimicrobial Host Defence Peptides: Immunomodulatory Functions and Translational Prospects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1117:149-171. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3588-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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46
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Granslo HN, Aarag Fredheim EG, Esaiassen E, Christophersen L, Jensen PØ, Mollnes TE, Moser C, Flaegstad T, Klingenberg C, Cavanagh JP. The synthetic antimicrobial peptide LTX21 induces inflammatory responses in a human whole blood model and a murine peritoneum model. APMIS 2019; 127:475-483. [PMID: 30916807 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The global spread of antimicrobial resistance and the increasing number of immune-compromised patients are major challenges in modern medicine. Targeting bacterial virulence or the human host immune system to increase host defence are important strategies in the search for novel antimicrobial drugs. We investigated the inflammatory response of the synthetic short antimicrobial peptide LTX21 in two model systems: a human whole blood ex vivo model and a murine in vivo peritoneum model - both reflecting early innate immune response. In the whole blood model, LTX21 increased the secretion of a range of different cytokines, decreased the level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and activated the complement system. In a haemolysis assay, we found 2.5% haemolysis at a LTX21 concentration of 500 mg/L. In the murine model, increased influx of white blood cells (WBCs) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in the murine peritoneal cavity was observed after treatment with LTX21. In addition, LTX21 increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). In conclusion, LTX21 affected the inflammatory response; the increase in cytokine secretion, complement activation and WBC influx indicates an activated inflammatory response. The present results indicate the impact of LTX21 on the host-pathogen interplay. Whether this will also affect the course of infection has to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildegunn Norbakken Granslo
- Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elizabeth G Aarag Fredheim
- Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Microbial Pharmacology and Population Ecology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eirin Esaiassen
- Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Christophersen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Østrup Jensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claus Moser
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trond Flaegstad
- Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Claus Klingenberg
- Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jorunn Pauline Cavanagh
- Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are ubiquitous molecules that form the innate immune system of organisms across all kingdoms of life. Despite their prevalence and early origins, they continue to remain potent natural antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides are therefore promising drug candidates in the face of overwhelming multi-drug resistance to conventional antibiotics. Over the past few decades, thousands of antimicrobial peptides have been characterized in vitro, and their efficacy data are now available in a multitude of public databases. Computational antimicrobial peptide design attempts typically use such data. However, utilizing heterogenous data aggregated from different sources presents significant drawbacks. In this report, we present a uniform dataset containing 20 antimicrobial peptides assayed against 30 organisms of Gram-negative, Gram-positive, mycobacterial, and fungal origin. We also present circular dichroism spectra for all antimicrobial peptides. We draw simple inferences from this data, and we discuss what characteristics are essential for antimicrobial peptide efficacy. We expect our uniform dataset to be useful for future projects involving computational antimicrobial peptide design.
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48
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Wang L, Zhao X, Xia X, Zhu C, Zhang H, Qin W, Xu Y, Hang B, Sun Y, Chen S, Jiang J, Zhang G, Hu J. Inhibitory Effects of Antimicrobial Peptide JH-3 on Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strain CVCC541 Infection-Induced Inflammatory Cytokine Release and Apoptosis in RAW264.7 Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030596. [PMID: 30736473 PMCID: PMC6384860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic resistance of Salmonella has become increasingly serious due to the increased use of antibiotics, and antimicrobial peptides have been considered as an ideal antibiotic alternative. Salmonella can induce macrophage apoptosis and thus further damage the immune system. The antimicrobial peptide JH-3 has been shown to have a satisfactory anti-Salmonella effect in previous research, but its mechanism of action remains unknown. In this study, the effects of JH-3 on macrophages infected with Salmonella Typhimurium CVCC541 were evaluated at the cellular level. The results showed that JH-3 significantly alleviated the damage to macrophages caused by S. Typhi infection, reduced the release of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and killed the bacteria in macrophages. In addition, JH-3 decreased the phosphorylation level of p65 and the expression and secretion of interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by inhibiting the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (p38) signaling pathway and alleviating the cellular inflammatory response. From confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry assays, JH-3 was observed to inhibit the release of cytochrome c in the cytoplasm; the expression of TNF-αR2, caspase-9, and caspase-8; to further weaken caspase-3 activation; and to reduce the S.-Typhi-induced apoptosis of macrophages. In summary, the mechanism by which JH-3 inhibits Salmonella infection was systematically explored at the cellular level, laying the foundation for the development and utilization of JH-3 as a therapeutic alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Xueqin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy 40021, Ukraine.
| | - Xiaojing Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Chunling Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Huihui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Wanhai Qin
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, 1000, The Netherlands.
| | - Yanzhao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Bolin Hang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Yawei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Shijun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Jinqing Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Jianhe Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
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Wasan EK, Syeda J, Strom S, Cawthray J, Hancock RE, Wasan KM, Gerdts V. A lipidic delivery system of a triple vaccine adjuvant enhances mucosal immunity following nasal administration in mice. Vaccine 2019; 37:1503-1515. [PMID: 30739796 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously developed an highly efficacious combination adjuvant comprised of innate defense regulator (IDR)-1002 peptide, poly(I:C) and polyphosphazene (TriAdj). Here we aimed to design and test the in vivo efficacy of a mucoadhesive nasal formulation of this adjuvant. To determine the physical properties of the formulation, the effect of addition of each individual component was characterised by gel electrophoresis and fluorescence quenching using rhodamine-poly(I:C). Cationic liposomes comprised of didodecyl dimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) (50:50 or 75:25 mol:mol) and DDAB, L-α-phosphatidylcholine (egg PC) and DOPE (40:50:10 mol:mol:mol) were prepared by the thin-film extrusion method. The liposomes and TriAdj were combined by simple mixing. The formed complex (L-TriAdj) was characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and mucin interactions. We found that IDR-1002 peptide, polyphosphazene and poly(I:C) self-assembled in solution forming an anionic complex. Exposure of RAW267.4 mouse macrophage cells to TriAdj alone vs. L-TriAdj indicated that DDAB/DOPE (50:50) and DDAB/EPC/cholesterol (40:50:10) complexation reduced TriAdj toxicity. Next, TriAdj-containing cationic liposomes were prepared at several molar ratios to determine optimal size, stability and desired positive charge. Transmission electron microscopy showed rearrangement of lipid structures on binding of liposomes to TriAdj and to mucin. Stable particles (<200 nm over 24 h) showed mucin binding of DDAB/DOPE + TriAdj was greater than DDAB/EPC/DOPE + TriAdj. To verify in vivo efficacy, mice were administered the DDAB/DOPE + TriAdj complex intranasally with ovalbumin as the antigen, and the immunogenic response was measured by ELISA (serum IgG1, IgG2a, IgA) and ELISpot assays (splenocyte IL-5, IFN-γ). Mice administered adjuvant showed a significantly greater immune response with L-TriAdj than TriAdj alone, with a dose-response proportionate to the triple adjuvant content, and an overall balanced Th1/Th2 immune response representing both systemic and mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen K Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
| | - Jaweria Syeda
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Stacy Strom
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Cawthray
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Robert E Hancock
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kishor M Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
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50
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Hilchie AL, Hoskin DW, Power Coombs MR. Anticancer Activities of Natural and Synthetic Peptides. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1117:131-147. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3588-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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