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Praska CE, Tamburrini R, Danobeitia JS. Innate immune modulation in transplantation: mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 2:1277669. [PMID: 38993914 PMCID: PMC11235239 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2023.1277669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Organ transplantation is characterized by a sequence of steps that involve operative trauma, organ preservation, and ischemia-reperfusion injury in the transplant recipient. During this process, the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) promotes the activation of innate immune cells via engagement of the toll-like receptor (TLR) system, the complement system, and coagulation cascade. Different classes of effector responses are then carried out by specialized populations of macrophages, dendritic cells, and T and B lymphocytes; these play a central role in the orchestration and regulation of the inflammatory response and modulation of the ensuing adaptive immune response to transplant allografts. Organ function and rejection of human allografts have traditionally been studied through the lens of adaptive immunity; however, an increasing body of work has provided a more comprehensive picture of the pivotal role of innate regulation of adaptive immune responses in transplant and the potential therapeutic implications. Herein we review literature that examines the repercussions of inflammatory injury to transplantable organs. We highlight novel concepts in the pathophysiology and mechanisms involved in innate control of adaptive immunity and rejection. Furthermore, we discuss existing evidence on novel therapies aimed at innate immunomodulation and how this could be harnessed in the transplant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E. Praska
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Riccardo Tamburrini
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Juan Sebastian Danobeitia
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Baylor Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Closing the gap: unmet needs of individuals with impulsive aggressive behavior observed in children and adolescents. CNS Spectr 2021; 26:448-456. [PMID: 32228725 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852920001224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Impulsive aggressive (IA, or impulsive aggression) behavior describes an aggregate set of maladaptive, aggressive behaviors occurring across multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. IA is reactive, eruptive, sudden, and unplanned; it provides information about the severity, but not the nature, of its associated primary disorder. IA in children and adolescents is of serious clinical concern for patients, families, and physicians, given the detrimental impact pediatric IA can have on development. Currently, the ability to properly identify, monitor, and treat IA behavior across clinical populations is hindered by two major roadblocks: (1) the lack of an assessment tool designed for and sensitive to the set of behaviors comprising IA, and (2) the absence of a treatment indicated for IA symptomatology. In this review, we discuss the clinical gaps in the approach to monitoring and treating IA behavior, and highlight emerging solutions that may improve clinical outcomes in patients with IA.
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Koritzinsky EH, Tsuda H, Fairchild RL. Endogenous memory T cells with donor-reactivity: early post-transplant mediators of acute graft injury in unsensitized recipients. Transpl Int 2021; 34:1360-1373. [PMID: 33963616 PMCID: PMC8389524 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pretransplant presence of endogenous donor-reactive memory T cells is an established risk factor for acute rejection and poorer transplant outcomes. A major source of these memory T cells in unsensitized recipients is heterologously generated memory T cells expressing reactivity to donor allogeneic MHC molecules. Multiple clinical studies have shown that the pretransplant presence of high numbers of circulating endogenous donor-reactive memory T cells correlates with higher incidence of acute rejection and decreased graft function during the first-year post-transplant. These findings have spurred investigation in preclinical models to better understand mechanisms underlying endogenous donor-reactive memory T-cell-mediated allograft injury in unsensitized graft recipients. These studies have led to the identification of unique mechanisms underlying the activation of these memory T cells within allografts at early times after transplant. In particular, optimal activation to mediate acute allograft injury is dependent on the intensity of ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Therapeutic strategies directed at the recruitment and activation of endogenous donor-reactive memory T cells are effective in attenuating acute injury in allografts experiencing increased ischaemia-reperfusion injury in preclinical models and should be translatable to clinical transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik H. Koritzinsky
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hidetoshi Tsuda
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Transplant Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
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Abstract
Purpose of Review IL-6 is a pleiotropic, pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an integral role in the development of acute and chronic rejection after solid organ transplantation. This article reviews the experimental evidence and current clinical application of IL-6/IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) signaling inhibition for the prevention and treatment of allograft injury. Recent Findings There exists a robust body of evidence linking IL-6 to allograft injury mediated by acute inflammation, adaptive cellular/humoral responses, innate immunity, and fibrosis. IL-6 promotes the acute phase reaction, induces B cell maturation/antibody formation, directs cytotoxic T-cell differentiation, and inhibits regulatory T-cell development. Importantly, blockade of the IL-6/IL-6R signaling pathway has been shown to mitigate its harmful effects in experimental studies, particularly in models of kidney and heart transplant rejection. Currently, available agents for IL-6 signaling inhibition include monoclonal antibodies against IL-6 or IL-6R and janus kinase inhibitors. Recent clinical trials have investigated the use of tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6R mAb, for desensitization and treatment of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in kidney transplant recipients, with promising initial results. Further studies are underway investigating the use of alternative agents including clazakizumab, an anti-IL-6 mAb, and application of IL-6 signaling blockade to clinical cardiac transplantation. Summary IL-6/IL-6R signaling inhibition provides a novel therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of allograft injury. To date, evidence from clinical trials supports the use of IL-6 blockade for desensitization and treatment of AMR in kidney transplant recipients. Ongoing and future clinical trials will further elucidate the role of IL-6 signaling inhibition in other types of solid organ transplantation.
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Lee JY, Arumugarajah S, Lian D, Maehara N, Haig AR, Suri RS, Miyazaki T, Gunaratnam L. Recombinant apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage protein reduces delayed graft function in a murine model of kidney transplantation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249838. [PMID: 33891625 PMCID: PMC8064555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion injury following cold and warm ischemia (IRI) is unavoidable during kidney transplantation and contributes to delayed graft function (DGF) and premature graft loss. Death of tubular epithelial cells (TECs) by necrosis during IRI releases pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g. HMGB1), propagating further inflammation (necroinflammation) and tissue damage. Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a phagocytic receptor upregulated on proximal TECs during acute kidney injury. We have previously shown that renal KIM-1 protects the graft against transplant associated IRI by enabling TECs to clear apoptotic and necrotic cells, and that recognition of necrotic cells by KIM-1 is augmented in the presence of the opsonin, apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages (AIM). Here, we tested whether recombinant AIM (rAIM) could be used to mitigate transplant associated IRI. We administered rAIM or vehicle control to nephrectomised B6 mice transplanted with a single B6 donor kidney. Compared to grafts in vehicle-treated recipients, grafts from rAIM-treated mice exhibited significantly less renal dysfunction, tubular cell death, tissue damage, tubular obstruction, as well as local and systemic inflammation. Both mouse and human rAIM enhanced the clearance of necrotic cells by murine and human TECs, respectively in vitro. These data support testing of rAIM as a potential therapeutic agent to reduce DGF following kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shabitha Arumugarajah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dameng Lian
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natsumi Maehara
- Centre for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aaron R. Haig
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rita S. Suri
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Toru Miyazaki
- Centre for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lakshman Gunaratnam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Čepcová D, Kema IP, Sandovici M, Deelman LE, Šišková K, Klimas J, Vavrinec P, Vavrincová-Yaghi D. The protective effect of 1-methyltryptophan isomers in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury is not exclusively dependent on indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibition. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111180. [PMID: 33433354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that catalyses the metabolism of tryptophan, may play a detrimental role in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). IDO can be inhibited by 1-methyl-tryptophan, which exists in a D (D-MT) or L (L-MT) isomer. These forms show different pharmacological effects besides IDO inhibition. Therefore, we sought to investigate whether these isomers can play a protective role in renal IRI, either IDO-dependent or independent. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We studied the effect of both isomers in a rat renal IRI model with a focus on IDO-dependent and independent effects. KEY RESULTS Both MT isomers reduced creatinine and BUN levels, with D-MT having a faster onset of action but shorter duration and L-MT a slower onset but longer duration (24 h and 48 h vs 48 h and 96 h reperfusion time). Interestingly, this effect was not exclusively dependent on IDO inhibition, but rather from decreased TLR4 signalling, mimicking changes in renal function. Additionally, L-MT increased the overall survival of rats. Moreover, both MT isomers interfered with TGF-β signalling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In order to study the effect of isomers in all mechanisms involved in IRI, a series of in vitro experiments was performed. The isomers affected signalling pathways in NK cells and tubular epithelial cells, as well as in dendritic cells and T cells. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study shows that both MT isomers have a renoprotective effect after ischemia-reperfusion injury, mostly independent of IDO inhibition, involving mutually different mechanisms. We bring novel findings in the pharmacological properties and mechanism of action of MT isomers, which could become a novel therapeutic target of renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Čepcová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Maria Sandovici
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Leo E Deelman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Katarína Šišková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ján Klimas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Peter Vavrinec
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Diana Vavrincová-Yaghi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Li X, Wei Z, Wu L, Lv H, Zhang Y, Li J, Yao H, Zhang H, Yang B, Xu X, Jiang J. Efficacy of Fe 3O 4@polydopamine nanoparticle-labeled human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5362-5375. [PMID: 32869785 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01076f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by the irreversible destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic β-islet cells and requires life-long exogenous insulin therapy. Umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) have been shown to improve islet function in animal models of diabetes. However, inadequate MSC homing to injured sites has limited their efficacy. Since efficient cell therapy heavily relies on appropriate homing to target tissues, increasing the specificity to the target organ and the extent of homing of the injected WJ-MSCs is paramount to successful clinical outcomes. Therefore, in this study, we synthesized Fe3O4@polydopamine nanoparticle (NP)-labeled MSCs and evaluated their therapeutic efficacy in a clinically relevant rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes using an external magnetic field. We found that NPs were successfully incorporated into WJ-MSCs and did not negatively affect stem cell properties. Magnetic targeting of WJ-MSCs contributed to long-term cell retention in pancreatic tissue and improved the islet function of diabetic rats, compared to injection of WJ-MSC alone. In addition, anti-inflammatory effects and the anti-apoptotic capacity of WJ-MSCs appeared to play a major role in the functional and structural recovery of the pancreas. Thus, therapy relying on the magnetic targeting of WJ-MSCs may serve as an effective approach for DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Li
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Cellular Mechanisms of Rejection of Optic and Sciatic Nerve Transplants: An Observational Study. Transplant Direct 2020; 6:e589. [PMID: 32766437 PMCID: PMC7382554 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Organ transplantation is a standard therapeutic strategy for irreversible organ damage, but the utility of nerve transplantation remains generally unexplored, despite its potential benefit to a large patient population. Here, we aimed to establish a feasible preclinical mouse model for understanding the cellular mechanisms behind the rejection of peripheral and optic nerves. Methods. We performed syngenic and allogenic transplantation of optic and sciatic nerves in mice by inserting the nerve grafts inside the kidney capsule, and we assessed the allografts for signs of rejection through 14 d following transplantation. Then, we assessed the efficacy of CTLA4 Ig, Rapamycin, and anti-CD3 antibody in suppressing immune cell infiltration of the nerve allografts. Results. By 3 d posttransplantation, both sciatic and optic nerves transplanted from BALB/c mice into C57BL/6J recipients contained immune cell infiltrates, which included more CD11b+ macrophages than CD3+ T cells or B220+ B cells. Ex vivo immunogenicity assays demonstrated that sciatic nerves demonstrated higher alloreactivity in comparison with optic nerves. Interestingly, optic nerves contained higher populations of anti-inflammatory PD-L1+ cells than sciatic nerves. Treatment with anti-CD3 antibody reduced immune cell infiltrates in the optic nerve allograft, but exerted no significant effect in the sciatic nerve allograft. Conclusions. These findings establish the feasibility of a preclinical allogenic nerve transplantation model and provide the basis for future testing of directed, high-intensity immunosuppression in these mice.
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Li X, Zhao J, Kasinath V, Uehara M, Jiang L, Banouni N, McGrath MM, Ichimura T, Fiorina P, Lemos DR, Shin SR, Ware CF, Bromberg JS, Abdi R. Lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells deposit fibrosis-associated collagen following organ transplantation. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:4182-4194. [PMID: 32597832 PMCID: PMC7410068 DOI: 10.1172/jci136618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the immune response within draining lymph nodes (DLNs) has been studied for decades, how their stromal compartment contributes to this process remains to be fully explored. Here, we show that donor mast cells were prominent activators of collagen I deposition by fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) in DLNs shortly following transplantation. Serial analysis of the DLN indicated that the LN stroma did not return to its baseline microarchitecture following organ rejection and that the DLN contained significant fibrosis following repetitive organ transplants. Using several FRC conditional-knockout mice, we show that induction of senescence in the FRCs of the DLN resulted in massive production of collagen I and a proinflammatory milieu within the DLN. Stimulation of herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) on FRCs by its ligand LIGHT contributed chiefly to the induction of senescence in FRCs and overproduction of collagen I. Systemic administration of ex vivo-expanded FRCs to mice decreased DLN fibrosis and strengthened the effect of anti-CD40L in prolonging heart allograft survival. These data demonstrate that the transformation of FRCs into proinflammatory myofibroblasts is critically important for the maintenance of a proinflammatory milieu within a fibrotic DLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mayuko Uehara
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liwei Jiang
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naima Banouni
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martina M. McGrath
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Paolo Fiorina
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dario R. Lemos
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carl F. Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Jordan SC, Ammerman N, Choi J, Kumar S, Huang E, Toyoda M, Kim I, Wu G, Vo A. Interleukin-6: An Important Mediator of Allograft Injury. Transplantation 2020; 104:2497-2506. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Uehara M, Bahmani B, Jiang L, Jung S, Banouni N, Kasinath V, Solhjou Z, Jing Z, Ordikhani F, Bae M, Clardy J, Annabi N, McGrath MM, Abdi R. Nanodelivery of Mycophenolate Mofetil to the Organ Improves Transplant Vasculopathy. ACS NANO 2019; 13:12393-12407. [PMID: 31518498 PMCID: PMC7247279 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation occurring within the transplanted organ from the time of harvest is an important stimulus of early alloimmune reactivity and promotes chronic allograft rejection. Chronic immune-mediated injury remains the primary obstacle to the long-term success of organ transplantation. However, organ transplantation represents a rare clinical setting in which the organ is accessible ex vivo, providing an opportunity to use nanotechnology to deliver therapeutics directly to the graft. This approach facilitates the directed delivery of immunosuppressive agents (ISA) to target local pathogenic immune responses prior to the transplantation. Here, we have developed a system of direct delivery and sustained release of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) to treat the donor organ prior to transplantation. Perfusion of a donor mouse heart with MMF-loaded PEG-PLGA nanoparticles (MMF-NPs) prior to transplantation abrogated cardiac transplant vasculopathy by suppressing intragraft pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Our findings demonstrate that ex vivo delivery of an ISA to donor organs using a nanocarrier can serve as a clinically feasible approach to reduce transplant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Uehara
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Baharak Bahmani
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liwei Jiang
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sungwook Jung
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naima Banouni
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhabiz Solhjou
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhao Jing
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Farideh Ordikhani
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Munhyung Bae
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jon Clardy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martina M. McGrath
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Address correspondence to: Reza Abdi, MD, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston MA 02115, USA, Tel: 617-732-5259, Fax: 617-732-5254, ; Martina M. McGrath, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston MA 02115, USA, Tel: 617-732-5259, Fax: 617-732-5254,
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Address correspondence to: Reza Abdi, MD, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston MA 02115, USA, Tel: 617-732-5259, Fax: 617-732-5254, ; Martina M. McGrath, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston MA 02115, USA, Tel: 617-732-5259, Fax: 617-732-5254,
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12
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Anti-IL-6 eluting immunomodulatory biomaterials prolong skin allograft survival. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6535. [PMID: 31024011 PMCID: PMC6484015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42349-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A primary goal in the management of burn wounds is early wound closure. The use of skin allografts represents a lifesaving strategy for severe burn patients, but their ultimate rejection limits their potential efficacy and utility. IL-6 is a major pleiotropic cytokine which critically links innate and adaptive immune responses. Here, we devised anti-IL-6 receptor eluting gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) biomaterials (GelMA/anti-IL-6), which were implanted at the interface between the wound beds and skin allografts. Our visible light crosslinked GelMA/anti-IL-6 immunomodulatory biomaterial (IMB) demonstrated a stable kinetic release profile of anti-IL-6. In addition, the incorporation of anti-IL-6 within the GelMA hydrogel had no effect on the mechanical properties of the hydrogels. Using a highly stringent skin transplant model, the GelMA/anti-IL-6 IMB almost doubled the survival of skin allografts. The use of GelMA/anti-IL-6 IMB was far superior to systemic anti-IL-6 receptor treatment in prolonging skin allograft survival. As compared to the untreated control group, skin from the GelMA/anti-IL-6 IMB group contained significantly fewer alloreactive T cells and macrophages. Interestingly, the environmental milieu of the draining lymph nodes (DLNs) of the mice implanted with the GelMA/anti-IL-6 IMB was also considerably less pro-inflammatory. The percentage of CD4+ IFNγ+ cells was much lower in the DLNs of the GelMA/anti-IL-6 IMB group in comparison to the GelMA group. These data highlight the importance of localized immune delivery in prolonging skin allograft survival and its potential utility in treating patients with severe burns.
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Sarhan M, Land WG, Tonnus W, Hugo CP, Linkermann A. Origin and Consequences of Necroinflammation. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:727-780. [PMID: 29465288 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
When cells undergo necrotic cell death in either physiological or pathophysiological settings in vivo, they release highly immunogenic intracellular molecules and organelles into the interstitium and thereby represent the strongest known trigger of the immune system. With our increasing understanding of necrosis as a regulated and genetically determined process (RN, regulated necrosis), necrosis and necroinflammation can be pharmacologically prevented. This review discusses our current knowledge about signaling pathways of necrotic cell death as the origin of necroinflammation. Multiple pathways of RN such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis have been evolutionary conserved most likely because of their differences in immunogenicity. As the consequence of necrosis, however, all necrotic cells release damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that have been extensively investigated over the last two decades. Analysis of necroinflammation allows characterizing specific signatures for each particular pathway of cell death. While all RN-pathways share the release of DAMPs in general, most of them actively regulate the immune system by the additional expression and/or maturation of either pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. In addition, DAMPs have been demonstrated to modulate the process of regeneration. For the purpose of better understanding of necroinflammation, we introduce a novel classification of DAMPs in this review to help detect the relative contribution of each RN-pathway to certain physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Sarhan
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Walter G Land
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Wulf Tonnus
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Christian P Hugo
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
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14
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Batal I, Mohan S, De Serres SA, Vasilescu ER, Tsapepas D, Crew RJ, Patel SS, Serban G, McCune K, Husain SA, Chang JH, Herter JM, Bhagat G, Markowitz GS, D’Agati VD, Hardy MA, Ratner L, Chandraker A. Analysis of dendritic cells and ischemia-reperfusion changes in postimplantation renal allograft biopsies may serve as predictors of subsequent rejection episodes. Kidney Int 2018; 93:1227-1239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Uehara M, Solhjou Z, Banouni N, Kasinath V, Xiaqun Y, Dai L, Yilmam O, Yilmaz M, Ichimura T, Fiorina P, Martins PN, Ohori S, Guleria I, Maarouf OH, Tullius SG, McGrath MM, Abdi R. Ischemia augments alloimmune injury through IL-6-driven CD4 + alloreactivity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2461. [PMID: 29410442 PMCID: PMC5802749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20858-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injuries (IRI) are unavoidable in solid organ transplantation. IRI augments alloimmunity but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Herein, we examined the effect of IRI on antigen specific alloimmunity. We demonstrate that ischemia promotes alloimmune activation, leading to more severe histological features of rejection, and increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell graft infiltration, with a predominantly CD8+ IFNγ+ infiltrate. This process is dependent on the presence of alloreactive CD4+ T cells, where depletion prevented infiltration of ischemic grafts by CD8+ IFNγ+ T cells. IL-6 is a known driver of ischemia-induced rejection. Herein, depletion of donor antigen-presenting cells reduced ischemia-induced CD8+ IFNγ+ allograft infiltration, and improved allograft outcomes. Following prolonged ischemia, accelerated rejection was observed despite treatment with CTLA4Ig, indicating that T cell costimulatory blockade failed to overcome the immune activating effect of IRI. However, despite severe ischemic injury, treatment with anti-IL-6 and CTLA4Ig blocked IRI-induced alloimmune injury and markedly improved allograft survival. We describe a novel pathway where IRI activates innate immunity, leading to upregulation of antigen specific alloimmunity, resulting in chronic allograft injury. Based on these findings, we describe a clinically relevant treatment strategy to overcome the deleterious effect of IRI, and provide superior long-term allograft outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Uehara
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhabiz Solhjou
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naima Banouni
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ye Xiaqun
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Dai
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Osman Yilmam
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mine Yilmaz
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takaharu Ichimura
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paulo N Martins
- Division of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shunsuke Ohori
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Indira Guleria
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Omar H Maarouf
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan G Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplantation Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martina M McGrath
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Zhao H, Alam A, Soo AP, George AJT, Ma D. Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Reduces Long Term Renal Graft Survival: Mechanism and Beyond. EBioMedicine 2018; 28:31-42. [PMID: 29398595 PMCID: PMC5835570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) during renal transplantation often initiates non-specific inflammatory responses that can result in the loss of kidney graft viability. However, the long-term consequence of IRI on renal grafts survival is uncertain. Here we review clinical evidence and laboratory studies, and elucidate the association between early IRI and later graft loss. Our critical analysis of previous publications indicates that early IRI does contribute to later graft loss through reduction of renal functional mass, graft vascular injury, and chronic hypoxia, as well as subsequent fibrosis. IRI is also known to induce kidney allograft dysfunction and acute rejection, reducing graft survival. Therefore, attempts have been made to substitute traditional preserving solutions with novel agents, yielding promising results. Ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) potentiates delayed renal graft function and causes reduction in renal graft survival IRI causes innate immune system activation, hypoxic injury, inflammation and graft vascular disease Reducing prolonged cold ischaemic time improves graft survival Novel protective strategies include mesenchymal stem cells, machine perfusion, and ex vivo preservation solution saturated with gas. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of novel ex vivo preservation agents
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zhao
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Azeem Alam
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Aurelie Pac Soo
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Daqing Ma
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
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17
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Solhjou Z, Uehara M, Bahmani B, Maarouf OH, Ichimura T, Brooks CR, Xu W, Yilmaz M, Elkhal A, Tullius SG, Guleria I, McGrath M, Abdi R. Novel Application of Localized Nanodelivery of Anti-Interleukin-6 Protects Organ Transplant From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injuries. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:2326-2337. [PMID: 28296000 PMCID: PMC5573642 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) evokes intragraft inflammatory responses, which markedly augment alloimmune responses against the graft. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these responses is fundamental to develop therapeutic regimens to prevent/ameliorate organ IRI. Here, we demonstrate that IRI results in a marked increase in mitochondrial damage and autophagy in dendritic cells (DCs). While autophagy is a survival mechanism for ischemic DCs, it also augments their production of interleukin (IL)-6. Allograft-derived dendritic cells (ADDCs) lacking autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5) showed higher death rates posttransplantation. Transplanted ischemic hearts from CD11cCre/Atg5 conditional knockout mice showed marked reduction in intragraft expression of IL-6 compared with controls. To antagonize the effect of IL-6 locally in the heart, we synthesized novel anti-IL-6 nanoparticles with capacity for controlled release of anti-IL-6 over time. Compared with systemic delivery of anti-IL-6, localized delivery of anti-IL-6 significantly reduced chronic rejection with a markedly lower amount administered. Despite improved allograft histology, there were no changes to splenic T cell populations, illustrating the importance of local IL-6 in driving chronic rejection after IRI. These data carry potential clinical significance by identifying an innovative, targeted strategy to manipulate organs before transplantation to diminish inflammation, leading to improved long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhabiz Solhjou
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mayuko Uehara
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Baharak Bahmani
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Omar H. Maarouf
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takaharu Ichimura
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig R. Brooks
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wanlong Xu
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mine Yilmaz
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abdala Elkhal
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplantation Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplantation Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Indira Guleria
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martina McGrath
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Address correspondence to: Reza Abdi, MD, Transplant Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston MA 02115, USA, Tel: 617-732-5259, Fax: 617-732-5254,
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18
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Zhang LM, Liu JH, Xue CB, Li MQ, Xing S, Zhang X, He WT, Jiang FC, Lu X, Zhou P. Pharmacological inhibition of MyD88 homodimerization counteracts renal ischemia reperfusion-induced progressive renal injury in vivo and in vitro. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26954. [PMID: 27246399 PMCID: PMC4887891 DOI: 10.1038/srep26954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of innate immunity via myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) contributes to ischemia reperfusion (I/R) induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney injury. However, since there have not yet been any effective therapy, the exact pharmacological role of MyD88 in the prevention and treatment of renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is not known. We designed a small molecular compound, TJ-M2010-2, which inhibited MyD88 homodimerization. We used an established unilateral I/R mouse model. All mice undergoing 80 min ischemia through uninephrectomy died within five days without intervention. However, treatment with TJ-M2010-2 alone significantly improved the survival rate to 58.3%. Co-treatment of TJ-M2010-2 with the CD154 antagonist increased survival rates up to 100%. Twenty-eight days post-I/R of 60 min ischemia without nephrectomy, TJ-M2010-2 markedly attenuated renal interstitial and inhibited TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells. Furthermore, TJ-M2010-2 remarkably inhibited TLR/MyD88 signaling in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, our findings highlight the promising clinical potential of MyD88 inhibitor in preventing and treating acute or chronic renal I/R injuries, and the therapeutic functionality of dual-system inhibition strategy in IRI-induced AKI. Moreover, MyD88 inhibition ameliorates renal I/R injury-induced tubular interstitial fibrosis by suppressing EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jian-Hua Liu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cheng-Biao Xue
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan 430071, China
| | | | - Shuai Xing
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wen-Tao He
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Feng-Chao Jiang
- Academy of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xia Lu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430030, China
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19
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Ochando J, Kwan WH, Ginhoux F, Hutchinson JA, Hashimoto D, Collin M. The Mononuclear Phagocyte System in Organ Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:1053-69. [PMID: 26602545 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) comprises monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Over the past few decades, classification of the cells of the MPS has generated considerable controversy. Recent studies into the origin, developmental requirements and function of MPS cells are beginning to solve this problem in an objective manner. Using high-resolution genetic analyses and fate-mapping studies, three main mononuclear phagocyte lineages have been defined, namely, macrophage populations established during embryogenesis, monocyte-derived cells that develop during adult life and DCs. These subsets and their diverse subsets have specialized functions that are largely conserved between species, justifying the introduction of a new, universal scheme of nomenclature and providing the framework for therapeutic manipulation of immune responses in the clinic. In this review, we have commented on the implications of this novel MPS classification in solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ochando
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - W-H Kwan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - F Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J A Hutchinson
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - D Hashimoto
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - M Collin
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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20
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Ochando J, Kwan WH, Ginhoux F, Hutchinson JA, Hashimoto D, Collin M. The Mononuclear Phagocyte System in Organ Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13627 and 21=21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Ochando
- Department of Oncological Sciences; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY
| | - W.-H. Kwan
- Department of Microbiology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY
| | - F. Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove; Singapore Singapore
| | - J. A. Hutchinson
- Department of Surgery; University Hospital Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - D. Hashimoto
- Department of Hematology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - M. Collin
- Institute of Cellular Medicine; Newcastle University; Newcastle UK
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21
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Li JH, Zhao B, Zhu XH, Wang L, Zou HJ, Chen S, Guo H, Ruan YL, Zheng F, Xiang Y, Ming CS, Gong FL, Chen G. Blockade of Extracellular HMGB1 Suppresses Xenoreactive B Cell Responses and Delays Acute Vascular Xenogeneic Rejection. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:2062-74. [PMID: 25943147 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Blockade of extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) can significantly prolong murine cardiac allograft survival. Here, we determined the role of HMGB1 in xenotransplantation. Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were transplanted heterotopically into BALB/c mice. Xenografts without any treatment developed predominant acute vascular rejection within 6 days. Both passively released HMGB1 from xenografts and actively secreted HMGB1 from infiltrated immune cells were significantly increased after xenotransplantation. HMGB1-neutralizing antibody treatment significantly prolonged xenograft survival and attenuated pathologic damage, immune cell infiltration, and HMGB1 expression and release in the xenografts. Compared to control IgG treatment evaluated at study endpoint, treatment with HMGB1-neutralizing antibody markedly suppressed xenoreactive B cell responses, as evidenced by the significant inhibition of anti-rat antibody production and deposition in xenografts at Day 6 posttransplant. Furthermore, treatment with anti-HMGB1 antibody suppressed B cell activation and reduced IFN-γ and IL-17A production after xenotransplantation. These results demonstrate for the first time that HMGB1 plays an important role in mediating acute xenograft rejection. Thus, we have shown that neutralization of extracellular HMGB1 can significantly inhibit xenoreactive B cell responses and delay xenograft rejection in a rat-to-mouse model of xenotransplantation, uncovering new insights in the role of HMGB1 in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Li
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - B Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - X-H Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - L Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - H-J Zou
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - S Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, China
| | - H Guo
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, China
| | - Y-L Ruan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - F Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, China
| | - Y Xiang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, China
| | - C-S Ming
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, China
| | - F-L Gong
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, China
| | - G Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, China
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22
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Béland S, Désy O, Vallin P, Basoni C, De Serres SA. Innate immunity in solid organ transplantation: an update and therapeutic opportunities. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:377-89. [PMID: 25644774 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1008453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity is increasingly recognized as a major player in transplantation. In addition to its role in inflammation in the early post-transplant period, innate immunity shapes the differentiation of cells of adaptive immunity, with a capacity to promote either rejection or tolerance. Emerging data indicate that innate allorecognition, a characteristic previously limited to lymphocytes, is involved in allograft rejection. This review briefly summarizes the physiology of each component of the innate immune system in the context of transplantation and presents the current or promising therapeutic applications, such as cellular, anticomplement and anticytokine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Béland
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 11 Côte du Palais, Québec, QC, Canada
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23
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Solhjou Z, Athar H, Xu Q, Abdi R. Emerging therapies targeting intra-organ inflammation in transplantation. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:305-11. [PMID: 25612486 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several years, the field of transplantation has witnessed significant progress on several fronts; in particular, achievements have been made in devising novel immunosuppressive strategies. An under-explored area that may hold great potential to improve transplantation outcomes is the design of novel strategies to apply specifically to organs to reduce intra-graft inflammation. A growing body of evidence indicates a key role of intra-graft inflammatory cascade in potently instigating the alloimmune response. Indeed, controlling the activation of innate immunity/inflammatory responses has been shown to be a promising strategy to increase the graft acceptance and survival. In this minireview, we provide an overview of emerging targeted strategies, which can be directly applied to grafts to down-regulate intra-graft inflammation prior to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Solhjou
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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24
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Giovannoni L, Muller YD, Lacotte S, Parnaud G, Borot S, Meier RP, Lavallard V, Bédat B, Toso C, Daubeuf B, Elson G, Shang L, Morel P, Kosco-Vilbois M, Bosco D, Berney T. Enhancement of Islet Engraftment and Achievement of Long-Term Islet Allograft Survival by Toll-Like Receptor 4 Blockade. Transplantation 2015; 99:29-35. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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25
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Batal I, Azzi J, Mounayar M, Abdoli R, Moore R, Lee JY, Rosetti F, Wang C, Fiorina P, Sackstein R, Ichimura T, Abdi R. The mechanisms of up-regulation of dendritic cell activity by oxidative stress. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:283-93. [PMID: 24676276 PMCID: PMC4101089 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0113-033rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas DC have increasingly been recognized for their role in activating the inflammatory cascades during IRIs, the mechanisms by which oxidative stress enhances DC activation remain to be explored. We examined the role of oxidative stress on two important features of DC: T cell activation and trafficking. Bone marrow-derived OS-DC were compared with untreated DC. DC exposed to oxidative stress augmented allogeneic T cell proliferation and showed increased migration in a chemotaxis chamber. These results were confirmed by using hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase as another inducer of oxidative stress. We used OT-II and OT-I mice to assess the effect of oxidative stress on DC activation of OVA-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, respectively. Oxidative stress increased DC capacity to promote OVA-specific CD4(+) T cell activity, demonstrated by an increase in their proliferation and production of IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-2 proinflammatory cytokines. Whereas oxidative stress increased the DC ability to stimulate IFN-γ production by OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells, cellular proliferation and cytotoxicity were not affected. Compared with untreated DC, oxidative stress significantly reduced the capacity of DC to generate T(regs), which were restored by using anti-IL-6. With regard to DC trafficking, whereas oxidative stress increased DC expression of p-Akt and p-NF-κB, targeting PI3Kγ and NF-κB pathways abrogated the observed increase in DC migration. Our data propose novel insights on the activation of DC by oxidative stress and provide rationales for targeted therapies, which can potentially attenuate IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Batal
- Transplantation Research Center, Departments of Pathology and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chang Wang
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Takaharu Ichimura
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Zhao H, Yoshida A, Xiao W, Ologunde R, O'Dea KP, Takata M, Tralau-Stewart C, George AJT, Ma D. Xenon treatment attenuates early renal allograft injury associated with prolonged hypothermic storage in rats. FASEB J 2013; 27:4076-88. [PMID: 23759444 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-232173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged hypothermic storage elicits severe ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) to renal grafts, contributing to delayed graft function (DGF) and episodes of acute immune rejection and shortened graft survival. Organoprotective strategies are therefore needed for improving long-term transplant outcome. The aim of this study is to investigate the renoprotective effect of xenon on early allograft injury associated with prolonged hypothermic storage. Xenon exposure enhanced the expression of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP-70) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and promoted cell survival after hypothermia-hypoxia insult in human proximal tubular (HK-2) cells, which was abolished by HSP-70 or HO-1 siRNA. In the brown Norway to Lewis rat renal transplantation, xenon administered to donor or recipient decreased the renal tubular cell death, inflammation, and MHC II expression, while delayed graft function (DGF) was therefore reduced. Pathological changes associated with acute rejection, including T-cell, macrophage, and fibroblast infiltration, were also decreased with xenon treatment. Donors or recipients treated with xenon in combination with cyclosporin A had prolonged renal allograft survival. Xenon protects allografts against delayed graft function, attenuates acute immune rejection, and enhances graft survival after prolonged hypothermic storage. Furthermore, xenon works additively with cyclosporin A to preserve post-transplant renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zhao
- 1Department of Surgery and Cancer, Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
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27
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Shin YS, Takeda K, Shiraishi Y, Jeong YY, Domenico J, Jia Y, Han J, Spallek R, Singh M, Lucas JJ, Gelfand EW. Microbial heat shock protein 65 attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation by modulating the function of dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:3404-10. [PMID: 22933632 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs), produced in response to stress, are suppressive in disease models. We previously showed that Mycobacterium leprae HSP65 prevented development of airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in mice. Our goal in this study was to define the mechanism responsible for the suppressive effects of HSP. In one in vivo approach, BALB/c mice were sensitized to OVA, followed by primary OVA challenges. Several weeks later, HSP65 was administered prior to a single, provocative secondary challenge. In a second in vivo approach, the secondary challenge was replaced by intratracheal instillation of allergen-pulsed bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). The in vitro effects of HSP65 on BMDCs were examined in coculture experiments with CD4(+) T cells. In vivo, HSP65 prevented the development of airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Additionally, Th1 cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were increased. In vitro, HSP65 induced Notch receptor ligand Delta1 expression on BMDCs, and HSP65-treated BMDCs skewed CD4(+) T cells to Th1 cytokine production. Thus, HSP65-induced effects on allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation were associated with increased Delta1 expression on dendritic cells, modulation of dendritic cell function, and CD4(+) Th1 cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Seob Shin
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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28
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Lee HS, Hattori T, Park EY, Stevenson W, Chauhan SK, Dana R. Expression of toll-like receptor 4 contributes to corneal inflammation in experimental dry eye disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:5632-40. [PMID: 22789921 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-9547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To investigate the corneal expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and determine its contribution to the immunopathogenesis of dry eye disease (DED). Methods. Seven to 8-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were housed in a controlled environment chamber and administered scopolamine to induce experimental DED. Mice received intravenous TLR4 inhibitor (Eritoran) to block systemic TLR4-mediated activity. The expression of TLR4 by the corneal epithelium and stroma was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. Corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) was performed to evaluate clinical disease severity. The corneal expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, and CCL2), corneal infiltration of CD11b(+) antigen-presenting cells, and lymph node frequency of mature MHC-II(hi) CD11b(+) cells were assessed. Results. The epithelial cells of normal corneas expressed TLR4 intracellularly; however, DED significantly increased the cell surface expression of TLR4. Similarly, flow cytometric analysis of stromal cells revealed a significant increase in the expression of TLR4 proteins by DED-induced corneas as compared with normal corneas. DED increased the mRNA expression of TLR4 in corneal stromal cells, but not epithelial cells. TLR4 inhibition decreased the severity of CFS and significantly reduced the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF. Furthermore, TLR4 inhibition significantly reduced the corneal infiltration of CD11b(+) cells and the lymph node frequency of MHC-II(hi) CD11b(+) cells. Conclusions. These results suggest that DED increases the corneal expression of TLR4 and that TLR4 participates in the inflammatory response to ocular surface desiccating stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Lee
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Land WG. Emerging role of innate immunity in organ transplantation Part II: potential of damage-associated molecular patterns to generate immunostimulatory dendritic cells. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2012; 26:73-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Land WG. Role of heat shock protein 70 in innate alloimmunity. Front Immunol 2012; 2:89. [PMID: 22566878 PMCID: PMC3342172 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This article briefly describes our own experience with the proven demonstration of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in reperfused renal allografts from brain-dead donors and reflects about its potential role as a typical damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) in the setting of innate alloimmunity. In fact, our group was able to demonstrate a dramatic up-regulation of HSP70 expression after postischemic reperfusion of renal allografts. Of note, up-regulation of this stress protein expression, although to a lesser extent, was already observed after cold storage of the organ indicating that this molecule is already induced in the stressed organism of a brain-dead donor. However, whether or not the dramatic up-regulation of HSP70 expression contributes to mounting an innate alloimmune response cannot be judged in view of these clinical findings. Nevertheless, HSP70, since generated in association with postischemic reperfusion-induced allograft injury, can be called a typical DAMP - as can every molecule be termed a DAMP that is generated in association with any stressful tissue injury regardless of its final positive or negative regulatory function within the innate immune response elicited by it. In fact, as we discuss in this article, the context-dependent, even contradistinctive activities of HSP70 reflect the biological phenomenon that, throughout evolution, mammals have developed an elaborate network of positive and negative regulatory mechanisms, which provide balance between defensive and protective measures against unwarranted destruction of the host. In this sense, up-regulated expression of HSP70 in an injured allograft might reflect a pure protective response against the severe oxidative injury of a reperfused donor organ. On the other hand, up-regulated expression of this stress protein in an injured allograft might reflect a (futile) attempt of the innate immune system to restore homeostasis with the aim to eliminate the "unwanted foreign allograft invader" by contributing to development of an adaptive alloimmune response. However, this adaptive immune response against donor histocompatibility alloantigens - in its evolutionary sense aimed to restore homeostasis - is by no means protective from a recipient's view point but tragically ends up with allograft rejection. Indeed: in this sense, allograft rejection is the result of a fateful confusion by the immune system of danger and benefit!
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter G Land
- German Academy of Transplantation Medicine Munich, Germany.
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Jurewicz M, Ueno T, Azzi J, Tanaka K, Murayama T, Yang S, Sayegh MH, Niimi M, Abdi R. Donor antioxidant strategy prolongs cardiac allograft survival by attenuating tissue dendritic cell immunogenicity(†). Am J Transplant 2011; 11:348-55. [PMID: 21182586 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) enhances allograft immunogenicity, worsens transplantation outcome, and is the primary cause of activation of the recipient innate immune response, resulting in subsequent amplification of the alloimmune adaptive response. Here, we aimed at demonstrating that the link between innate injury and alloimmunity occurs predominantly through activation of allograft-derived dendritic cells (ADDC). Perfusion of MCI-186, a free radical scavenger, into donor cardiac allografts prior to transplantation resulted in prolongation of complete MHC-mismatched allograft survival in the absence of immunosuppression (MST of 8 vs. 26 days). This prolongation was associated with a reduction in trafficking of ADDC to recipient lymphoid tissue as well as a reduction in T cell priming. Depleting ADDC with diphtheria toxin (using DTR-GFP-DC mice as donors) 24 h prior to transplant resulted in abrogation of the prolongation observed with MCI-186 treatment, demonstrating that the beneficial effect of MCI-186 is mediated by ADDC. This donor-specific anti-ischemic regimen was also shown to reduce chronic rejection, which represents the primary obstacle to long-term allograft acceptance. These data for the first time establish a basis for donor anti-ischemic strategies, which in the ever-expanding marginal donor pools, can be instituted to promote engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jurewicz
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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32
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Jurewicz M, Yang S, Augello A, Godwin JG, Moore RF, Azzi J, Fiorina P, Atkinson M, Sayegh MH, Abdi R. Congenic mesenchymal stem cell therapy reverses hyperglycemia in experimental type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2010; 59:3139-47. [PMID: 20841611 PMCID: PMC2992776 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A number of clinical trials are underway to test whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are effective in treating various diseases, including type 1 diabetes. Although this cell therapy holds great promise, the optimal source of MSCs has yet to be determined with respect to major histocompatibility complex matching. Here, we examine this question by testing the ability of congenic MSCs, obtained from the NOR mouse strain, to reverse recent-onset type 1 diabetes in NOD mice, as well as determine the immunomodulatory effects of NOR MSCs in vivo. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS NOR MSCs were evaluated with regard to their in vitro immunomodulatory function in the context of autoreactive T-cell proliferation and dendritic cell (DC) generation. The in vivo effect of NOR MSC therapy on reversal of recent-onset hyperglycemia and on immunogenic cell subsets in NOD mice was also examined. RESULTS NOR MSCs were shown to suppress diabetogenic T-cell proliferation via PD-L1 and to suppress generation of myeloid/inflammatory DCs predominantly through an IL-6-dependent mechanism. NOR MSC treatment of experimental type 1 diabetes resulted in long-term reversal of hyperglycemia, and therapy was shown to alter diabetogenic cytokine profile, to diminish T-cell effector frequency in the pancreatic lymph nodes, to alter antigen-presenting cell frequencies, and to augment the frequency of the plasmacytoid subset of DCs. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate the inimitable benefit of congenic MSC therapy in reversing experimental type 1 diabetes. These data should benefit future clinical trials using MSCs as treatment for type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mollie Jurewicz
- Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sunmi Yang
- Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea Augello
- Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan G. Godwin
- Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert F. Moore
- Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jamil Azzi
- Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Atkinson
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mohamed H. Sayegh
- Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Corresponding author: Reza Abdi,
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