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Ednacot EMQ, Nabhani A, Dinh DM, Morehouse BR. Pharmacological potential of cyclic nucleotide signaling in immunity. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 258:108653. [PMID: 38679204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides are important signaling molecules that play many critical physiological roles including controlling cell fate and development, regulation of metabolic processes, and responding to changes in the environment. Cyclic nucleotides are also pivotal regulators in immune signaling, orchestrating intricate processes that maintain homeostasis and defend against pathogenic threats. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the pharmacological potential of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways within the realm of immunity. Beginning with an overview of the fundamental roles of cAMP and cGMP as ubiquitous second messengers, this review delves into the complexities of their involvement in immune responses. Special attention is given to the challenges associated with modulating these signaling pathways for therapeutic purposes, emphasizing the necessity for achieving cell-type specificity to avert unintended consequences. A major focus of the review is on the recent paradigm-shifting discoveries regarding specialized cyclic nucleotide signals in the innate immune system, notably the cGAS-STING pathway. The significance of cyclic dinucleotides, exemplified by 2'3'-cGAMP, in controlling immune responses against pathogens and cancer, is explored. The evolutionarily conserved nature of cyclic dinucleotides as antiviral agents, spanning across diverse organisms, underscores their potential as targets for innovative immunotherapies. Findings from the last several years have revealed a striking diversity of novel bacterial cyclic nucleotide second messengers which are involved in antiviral responses. Knowledge of the existence and precise identity of these molecules coupled with accurate descriptions of their associated immune defense pathways will be essential to the future development of novel antibacterial therapeutic strategies. The insights presented herein may help researchers navigate the evolving landscape of immunopharmacology as it pertains to cyclic nucleotides and point toward new avenues or lines of thinking about development of therapeutics against the pathways they regulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirene Marie Q Ednacot
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ali Nabhani
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - David M Dinh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Benjamin R Morehouse
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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2
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Gold S, Shilatifard A. Therapeutic targeting of BET bromodomain and other epigenetic acetylrecognition domain-containing factors. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2024; 86:102181. [PMID: 38564841 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Development of cancer therapies targeting chromatin modifiers and transcriptional regulatory factors is rapidly expanding to include new targets and novel targeting strategies. At the same time, basic molecular research continues to refine our understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms regulating transcription, gene expression, and oncogenesis. This mini-review focuses on cancer therapies targeting the chromatin-associated factors that recognize histone lysine acetylation. Recently reported safety and efficacy are discussed for inhibitors targeting the bromodomains of bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family proteins. In light of recent results indicating that the transcriptional regulator BRD4-PTEFb can function independently of BRD4's bromodomains, the clinical trial performance of these BET inhibitors is placed in a broader context of existing and potential strategies for targeting BRD4-PTEFb. Recently developed therapies targeting bromodomain-containing factors within the SWI/SNF (BAF) family of chromatin remodeling complexes are discussed, as is the potential for targeting the bromodomain-containing transcription factor TAF1 and the YEATS acetylrecognition domain-containing factor GAS41. Recent findings regarding the selectivity and combinatorial specificity of acetylrecognition are highlighted. In conclusion, the potential for further development is discussed with a focus on proximity-based therapies targeting this class of epigenetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. https://twitter.com/@rwx_life
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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3
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Ji Y, Chen W, Wang X. Bromodomain and Extraterminal Domain Protein 2 in Multiple Human Diseases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 389:277-288. [PMID: 38565308 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.002036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain and extraterminal domain protein 2 (BRD2), a member of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) protein family, is a crucial epigenetic regulator with significant function in various diseases and cellular processes. The central function of BRD2 is modulating gene transcription by binding to acetylated lysine residues on histones and transcription factors. This review highlights key findings on BRD2 in recent years, emphasizing its roles in maintaining genomic stability, influencing chromatin spatial organization, and participating in transcriptional regulation. BRD2's diverse functions are underscored by its involvement in diseases such as malignant tumors, neurologic disorders, inflammatory conditions, metabolic diseases, and virus infection. Notably, the potential role of BRD2 as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target is discussed in the context of various diseases. Although pan inhibitors targeting the BET family have shown promise in preclinical studies, a critical need exists for the development of highly selective BRD2 inhibitors. In conclusion, this review offers insights into the multifaceted nature of BRD2 and calls for continued research to unravel its intricate mechanisms and harness its therapeutic potential. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: BRD2 is involved in the occurrence and development of diseases through maintaining genomic stability, influencing chromatin spatial organization, and participating in transcriptional regulation. Targeting BRD2 through protein degradation-targeting complexes technology is emerging as a promising therapeutic approach for malignant cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Ji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
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4
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Ariyanto EF, Wijaya I, Pradian ZA, Bhaskara APM, Rahman PHA, Oktavia N. Recent Updates on Epigenetic-Based Pharmacotherapy for Atherosclerosis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1867-1878. [PMID: 38706808 PMCID: PMC11068051 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s463221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most dominant pathological processes responsible in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) caused by cholesterol accumulation accompanied by inflammation in the arteries which will subsequently lead to further complications, including myocardial infarction and stroke. Although the incidence of atherosclerosis is decreasing in some countries, it is still considered the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is a vascular pathological process that is chronically inflammatory and is characterized by the invasion of inflammatory cells and cytokines. Many reports have unraveled the pivotal roles of epigenetics such as DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in atherogenesis, which regulate the expression of numerous genes related to various responsible pathways. Many studies have been conducted to develop new therapeutical approaches based on epigenetic changes for combating atherosclerosis. This review elaborates on recent updates on the development of new atherosclerosis drugs whose mechanism of action is associated with the modulation of DNA methylation, posttranslational histone modifications, and ncRNA-based gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eko Fuji Ariyanto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Ibnu Wijaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Nandina Oktavia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
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5
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Lee H, Nam J, Jang H, Park YS, Son MH, Lee IH, Eyun SI, Yang JH, Jeon J, Yang S. BRD2-specific inhibitor, BBC0403, inhibits the progression of osteoarthritis pathogenesis in osteoarthritis-induced C57BL/6 male mice. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38600628 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The discovery of new bromo- and extra-terminal inhibitors presents new drugs to treat osteoarthritis (OA). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The new drug, BBC0403, was identified in the DNA-encoded library screening system by searching for compounds that target BRD (bromodomain-containing) proteins. The binding force with BRD proteins was evaluated using time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET) and binding kinetics assays. Subsequently, in vitro and ex vivo analyses demonstrated the effects of the BRD2 inhibitor, BBC0403, on OA. For animal experiments, medial meniscus destabilization was performed to create a 12-week-old male C57BL/6 mouse model, and intra-articular (i.a.) injections were administered. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were then performed. The underlying mechanism was confirmed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using RNA-seq. KEY RESULTS TR-FRET and binding kinetics assays revealed that BBC0403 exhibited higher binding specificity for BRD2 compared to BRD3 and BRD4. The anti-OA effects of BBC0403 were tested at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 μM (no cell toxicity in the range tested). The expression of catabolic factors, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation was reduced. Additionally, the i.a. injection of BBC0403 prevented OA cartilage degradation in mice. Finally, BBC0403 was demonstrated to suppress NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study demonstrated that BBC0403 is a novel BRD2-specific inhibitor and a potential i.a.-injectable therapeutic agent to treat OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemi Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jiho Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hahyeong Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Seong-Il Eyun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Yang
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jimin Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Siyoung Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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6
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Shah D, Dave B, Chorawala MR, Prajapati BG, Singh S, M. Elossaily G, Ansari MN, Ali N. An Insight on Microfluidic Organ-on-a-Chip Models for PM 2.5-Induced Pulmonary Complications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13534-13555. [PMID: 38559954 PMCID: PMC10976395 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, lung fibrosis, and lung cancer pose a significant burden to global human health. Many of these complications arise as a result of exposure to particulate matter (PM), which has been examined in several preclinical and clinical trials for its effect on several respiratory diseases. Particulate matter of size less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) has been known to inflict unforeseen repercussions, although data from epidemiological studies to back this are pending. Conventionally utilized two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and preclinical animal models have provided insufficient benefits in emulating the in vivo physiological and pathological pulmonary conditions. Three-dimensional (3D) structural models, including organ-on-a-chip models, have experienced a developmental upsurge in recent times. Lung-on-a-chip models have the potential to simulate the specific features of the lungs. With the advancement of technology, an emerging and advanced technique termed microfluidic organ-on-a-chip has been developed with the aim of identifying the complexity of the respiratory cellular microenvironment of the body. In the present Review, the role of lung-on-a-chip modeling in reproducing pulmonary complications has been explored, with a specific emphasis on PM2.5-induced pulmonary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Shah
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L.
M. College of Pharmacy Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India
| | - Bhavarth Dave
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L.
M. College of Pharmacy Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India
| | - Mehul R. Chorawala
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L.
M. College of Pharmacy Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India
| | - Bhupendra G. Prajapati
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research,
Ganpat University, Mehsana, Gujarat 384012, India
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Office
of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Gehan M. Elossaily
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Tsubouchi A, An Y, Kawamura Y, Yanagihashi Y, Nakayama H, Murata Y, Teranishi K, Ishiguro S, Aburatani H, Yachie N, Ota S. Pooled CRISPR screening of high-content cellular phenotypes using ghost cytometry. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100737. [PMID: 38531306 PMCID: PMC10985231 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in image-based pooled CRISPR screening have facilitated the mapping of diverse genotype-phenotype associations within mammalian cells. However, the rapid enrichment of cells based on morphological information continues to pose a challenge, constraining the capacity for large-scale gene perturbation screening across diverse high-content cellular phenotypes. In this study, we demonstrate the applicability of multimodal ghost cytometry-based cell sorting, including both fluorescent and label-free high-content phenotypes, for rapid pooled CRISPR screening within vast cell populations. Using the high-content cell sorter operating in fluorescence mode, we successfully executed kinase-specific CRISPR screening targeting genes influencing the nuclear translocation of RelA. Furthermore, using the multiparametric, label-free mode, we performed large-scale screening to identify genes involved in macrophage polarization. Notably, the label-free platform can enrich target phenotypes without requiring invasive staining, preserving untouched cells for downstream assays and expanding the potential for screening cellular phenotypes even when suitable markers are absent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuri An
- ThinkCyte Inc., Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Soh Ishiguro
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yachie
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Sadao Ota
- ThinkCyte Inc., Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.
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Viviano M, Cipriano A, Fabbrizi E, Feoli A, Castellano S, Sbardella G, Mai A, Milite C, Rotili D. Successes and challenges in the development of BD1-selective BET inhibitors: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38465537 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2327300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bromodomain and ExtraTerminal (BET) domain proteins are transcriptional cofactors that, recognizing acetylated lysines of histone and non-histone proteins, can modulate gene expression. The BET family consists of four members, each of which contains two bromodomains (BD1 and BD2) able to recognize the acetylated mark. Pan-BET inhibitors (BETi) have shown a promising anticancer potential in many clinical trials; however, their further development has been in part hampered by the side effects due to their lack of selectivity. Mounting evidence suggests that BD1 is primarily involved in cancer and that its selective inhibition can phenocopy the anticancer effects of pan-BETi with increased tolerability. Therefore, the development of BD1 selective inhibitors is highly pursed in both academia and industry. AREAS COVERED This review aims at giving an overview of the patent literature of BD1-selective BETi between 2014 and 2023. WIPO, USPTO, EPO, and SciFinder® databases were used for the search of patents. EXPERT OPINION The development of BD1-selective BETi, despite challenging, is highly desirable as it could have a great impact on the development of new safer anticancer therapeutics. Several strategies could be applied to discover potent and selective compounds with limited side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Viviano
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cipriano
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Emanuele Fabbrizi
- Department of Drug Chemistry & Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Feoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sbardella
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry & Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ciro Milite
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry & Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Cai H, Zhang J, Xu H, Sun W, Wu W, Dong C, Zhou P, Xue C, Nan Y, Ni Y, Wu X, Gu Z, Chen M, Wang Y. ALOX5 drives the pyroptosis of CD4 + T cells and tissue inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadh1178. [PMID: 38412254 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adh1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, is linked to the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying pyroptosis in T cells isolated from patients with RA. Compared with healthy individuals, patients with RA had more pyroptotic CD4+ T cells in blood and synovia, which correlated with clinical measures of disease activity. Moreover, the mRNA expression and protein abundance of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5), which converts arachidonic acid to leukotriene A4 (LTA4), were increased in CD4+ T cells from patients with RA and, among patients with RA, were lowest in those in clinical remission. Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of ALOX5 suppressed CD4+ T cell pyroptosis and improved symptoms in two rodent models of RA. Mechanistically, the increase in ALOX5 activity in RA CD4+ T cells enhanced the production of the LTA4 derivative LTB4, which stimulated Ca2+ influx through ORAI3 channels, leading to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and pyroptosis. Our findings reveal a role for ALOX5 in RA and provide a molecular basis for further exploring the clinical utility of ALOX5 inhibition in RA and for using ALOX5 as a biomarker to distinguish active disease and remission in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijie Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengbin Xue
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yunyi Nan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingchen Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyuan Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minhao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Iten M, Gschwend C, Ostini A, Cameron DR, Goepfert C, Berger D, Haenggi M. BET-inhibitor DYB-41 reduces pulmonary inflammation and local and systemic cytokine levels in LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome: an experimental rodent study. Intensive Care Med Exp 2024; 12:19. [PMID: 38407669 PMCID: PMC10897099 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-024-00604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a form of respiratory failure stemming from various underlying conditions that ultimately lead to inflammation and lung fibrosis. Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal motif (BET) inhibitors are a class of medications that selectively bind to the bromodomains of BET motif proteins, effectively reducing inflammation. However, the use of BET inhibitors in ARDS treatment has not been previously investigated. In our study, we induced ARDS in rats using endotoxin and administered a BET inhibitor. We evaluated the outcomes by examining inflammation markers and lung histopathology. RESULTS Nine animals received treatment, while 12 served as controls. In the lung tissue of treated animals, we observed a significant reduction in TNFα levels (549 [149-977] pg/mg vs. 3010 [396-5529] pg/mg; p = 0.009) and IL-1β levels (447 [369-580] pg/mg vs. 662 [523-924] pg/mg; p = 0.012), although IL-6 and IL-10 levels showed no significant differences. In the blood, treated animals exhibited a reduced TNFα level (25 [25-424] pg/ml vs. 900 [285-1744] pg/ml, p = 0.016), but IL-1β levels were significantly higher (1254 [435-2474] pg/ml vs. 384 [213-907] pg/ml, p = 0.049). No differences were observed in IL-6 and IL-10 levels. There were no significant variations in lung tissue levels of TGF-β, SP-D, or RAGE. Histopathological analysis revealed substantial damage, with notably less perivascular edema (3 vs 2; p = 0.0046) and visually more inflammatory cells. However, two semi-quantitative histopathologic scoring systems did not indicate significant differences. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings suggest a potential beneficial effect of BET inhibitors in the treatment of acute lung injury and ARDS. Further validation and replication of these results with a larger cohort of animals, in diverse models, and using different BET inhibitors are needed to explore their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Iten
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse 16, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Camille Gschwend
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse 16, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Ostini
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse 16, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - David Robert Cameron
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse 16, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christine Goepfert
- COMPATH, Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Berger
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse 16, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Haenggi
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse 16, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Yang Q, Vafaei S, Falahati A, Khosh A, Bariani MV, Omran MM, Bai T, Siblini H, Ali M, He C, Boyer TG, Al-Hendy A. Bromodomain-Containing Protein 9 Regulates Signaling Pathways and Reprograms the Epigenome in Immortalized Human Uterine Fibroid Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:905. [PMID: 38255982 PMCID: PMC10815284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing proteins (BRDs) are involved in many biological processes, most notably epigenetic regulation of transcription, and BRD dysfunction has been linked to many diseases, including tumorigenesis. However, the role of BRDs in the pathogenesis of uterine fibroids (UFs) is entirely unknown. The present study aimed to determine the expression pattern of BRD9 in UFs and matched myometrium and further assess the impact of a BRD9 inhibitor on UF phenotype and epigenetic/epitranscriptomic changes. Our studies demonstrated that the levels of BRD9 were significantly upregulated in UFs compared to matched myometrium, suggesting that the aberrant BRD expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of UFs. We then evaluated the potential roles of BRD9 using its specific inhibitor, I-BRD9. Targeted inhibition of BRD9 suppressed UF tumorigenesis with increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, decreased cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix deposition in UF cells. The latter is the key hallmark of UFs. Unbiased transcriptomic profiling coupled with downstream bioinformatics analysis further and extensively demonstrated that targeted inhibition of BRD9 impacted the cell cycle- and ECM-related biological pathways and reprogrammed the UF cell epigenome and epitranscriptome in UFs. Taken together, our studies support the critical role of BRD9 in UF cells and the strong interconnection between BRD9 and other pathways controlling the UF progression. Targeted inhibition of BRDs might provide a non-hormonal treatment option for this most common benign tumor in women of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.V.); (M.V.B.); (M.M.O.); (H.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Somayeh Vafaei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.V.); (M.V.B.); (M.M.O.); (H.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Ali Falahati
- DNA GTx LAB, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai 505262, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Azad Khosh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.K.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Maria Victoria Bariani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.V.); (M.V.B.); (M.M.O.); (H.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Mervat M. Omran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.V.); (M.V.B.); (M.M.O.); (H.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.-H.)
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Tao Bai
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Hiba Siblini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.V.); (M.V.B.); (M.M.O.); (H.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.V.); (M.V.B.); (M.M.O.); (H.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Thomas G. Boyer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.K.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.V.); (M.V.B.); (M.M.O.); (H.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.-H.)
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12
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Xu F, Lu S, Pan N, Zhao F, Jia X, Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhou Y. Bromodomain protein 4 is a key molecular driver of TGFβ1-induced hepatic stellate cell activation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119569. [PMID: 37597774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in liver. Chronic liver injury induces the activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSCs), a key step in liver fibrogenesis. The activated HSC is the primary source of ECM and contributes significantly to liver fibrosis. TGFβ1 is the most potent pro-fibrotic cytokine. Bromodomain protein 4 (BrD4), an epigenetic reader of histone acetylation marks, was crucial for profibrotic gene expression in HSCs. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of BRD4 in TGFβ1-dependent HSC activation and liver fibrosis, focusing on TGFβ1-induced alterations of the levels of the fibrotic-related important proteins in HSCs by employing the heterozygous TGFβ1 knockout mice and BrD4 knockdown in vivo and in vitro. Results revealed that BrD4 protein level was significantly upregulated by TGFβ1 and BrD4 knockdown reduced TGFβ1-induced HSC activation and liver fibrosis. BrD4 was required for the influences of TGFβ1 on PDGFβ receptor and on the pathways of Smad3, Stat3, and Akt. BrD4 also mediated TGFβ1-induced increases in histone acetyltransferase p300, the pivotal pro-inflammatory NFkB p65, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 whereas BrD4 reduced Caspase-3 protein levels in HSCs during liver injury, independent of TGFβ1. Further experiments indicated the interaction between TGFβ1-induced BrD4 and NFkB p65 in HSCs and in liver of TAA-induced liver injury. Human cirrhotic livers were demonstrated a parallel increase in the protein levels of BrD4 and NFkB p65 in HSCs. This study revealed that BrD4 was a key molecular driver of TGFβ1-induced HSC activation and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical School, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sidan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical School, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nachuan Pan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Feifei Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical School, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Jia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical School, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shouwei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), 500 Yonghe Road, Nantong 226011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical School, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yajun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical School, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Sun M, Clayton N, Alam S, Asmussen N, Wong A, Kim JH, Luong G, Mokhtari S, Pellei D, Carrico CK, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD, Giannobile WV, Sahingur SE, Lin Z. Selective BET inhibitor RVX-208 ameliorates periodontal inflammation and bone loss. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1658-1669. [PMID: 37855275 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the effects of RVX-208, a selective bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitor targeting bromodomain 2 (BD2), on periodontal inflammation and bone loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS Macrophage-like cells (RAW264.7) and human gingival epithelial cells were challenged by Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) with or without RVX-208. Inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RAW264.7 cells were induced to osteoclast differentiation. After RVX-208 treatment, osteoclast differentiation was evaluated by histology, tartrate-resistant-acid-phosphatase (TRAP) activity and the expression of osteoclast-specific genes. The effect of RVX-208 on osteoclast transcriptome was studied by RNA sequencing. Periodontitis was induced in rats by ligature and local RVX-208 treatment was administered every other day. Alveolar bone loss was measured by micro-computed tomography. RESULTS RVX-208 inhibited inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production in Pg-infected cells. Osteoclast differentiation was inhibited by RVX-208, as evidenced by reduced osteoclast number, TRAP activity and osteoclast-specific gene expression. RVX-208 displayed a more selective and less profound suppressive impact on transcriptome compared with pan-BET inhibitor, JQ1. RVX-208 administration prevented the alveolar bone loss in vivo. CONCLUSIONS RVX-208 regulated both upstream (inflammatory cytokine production) and downstream (osteoclast differentiation) events that lead to periodontal tissue destruction, suggesting that it may be a promising 'epi-drug' for the prevention of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Sun
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Jianbo Dental Clinic, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Nicholas Clayton
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sheikh Alam
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Niels Asmussen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrew Wong
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jin Ha Kim
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Gary Luong
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sasan Mokhtari
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David Pellei
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Caroline K Carrico
- Department of Dental Public Health and Policy, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - William V Giannobile
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sinem Esra Sahingur
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhao Lin
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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14
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Sun J, Wang XH, Song FH, Li DY, Gao SJ, Zhang LQ, Wu JY, Liu DQ, Wang LW, Zhou YQ, Mei W. Inhibition of Brd4 alleviates osteoarthritis pain via suppression of neuroinflammation and activation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant signalling. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:3194-3214. [PMID: 37485568 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Osteoarthritis (OA) pain remains a major clinical problem. It is urgent to identify novel therapeutic approaches for OA pain states. Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein inhibitors have robust anti-inflammatory effects in several pain models. However, the underlying mechanisms of these inhibitors in OA pain have not been determined. We, therefore, investigated the effects and the underlying mechanism(s) of BET inhibition on pain-related behaviours in a rat model of OA. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The OA model was established by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) in rat knees. Pain behaviours were assessed in rats by hindlimb weight-bearing asymmetry, mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Possible mechanisms underlying BET inhibition were explored in the MIA-induced OA pain model in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). KEY RESULTS Inhibiting bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4) with either JQ1 or MS417, or using AAV2/9-shRNA-Brd4-EGFP-mediated knockdown of Brd4 genes, significantly attenuated MIA-induced pain behaviours. Brd4 inhibition suppressed NF-κB and NF-κB-mediated inflammatory cytokines in both the spinal cord and DRG in rats with MIA-induced OA pain. Brd4 inhibition also attenuated the oxidative stress and promoted nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent antioxidant genes in both the spinal cord and DRG in our odel of MIA-induced OA pain. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In conclusion, Brd4 inhibition alleviated MIA-induced OA pain in rats, via suppression of neuroinflammation and activation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant signalling. Although our model does not perfectly represent how OA develops in humans, inhibition of Brd4 may provide novel insights into possible treatments for OA pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-He Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fan-He Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan-Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Jie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Long-Qing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Yi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dai-Qiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ya-Qun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Nevi L, Pöllänen N, Penna F, Caretti G. Targeting Epigenetic Regulators with HDAC and BET Inhibitors to Modulate Muscle Wasting. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16404. [PMID: 38003594 PMCID: PMC10671811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes contribute to the profound alteration in the transcriptional program associated with the onset and progression of muscle wasting in several pathological conditions. Although HDACs and their inhibitors have been extensively studied in the field of muscular dystrophies, the potential of epigenetic inhibitors has only been marginally explored in other disorders associated with muscle atrophy, such as in cancer cachexia and sarcopenia. BET inhibitors represent a novel class of recently developed epigenetic drugs that display beneficial effects in a variety of diseases beyond malignancies. Based on the preliminary in vitro and preclinical data, HDACs and BET proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia and sarcopenia, modulating processes related to skeletal muscle mass maintenance and/or metabolism. Thus, epigenetic drugs targeting HDACs and BET proteins may emerge as promising strategies to reverse the catabolic phenotype associated with cachexia and sarcopenia. Further preclinical studies are warranted to delve deeper into the molecular mechanisms associated with the functions of HDACs and BET proteins in muscle atrophy and to establish whether their epigenetic inhibitors represent a prospective therapeutic avenue to alleviate muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Nevi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Noora Pöllänen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
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16
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Chen X, Jiang Q, Ren L, Ren H, Xu H, Wang J, Wang P, Chen S, Hua Y, Ren S, Huang N, Zhang L, Xiao L. BET proteins inhibitor JQ1 impairs GM-CSF-promoted peritoneal macrophage self-renewal and IL-4-induced alternative polarization. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110942. [PMID: 37716160 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal macrophages (PMs), which resided in peritoneal cavity, are crucial to maintain tissue homeostasis and immunity. Macrophage self-renewal and polarization states are critical for PM population homeostasis and function. However, the underlying molecular mechanism that regulates self-renewal and polarization of PMs is still unclear and needs to be explored. Here, we demonstrated that PMs self-renewal was stimulated by granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), but not by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Pharmacological inhibition of Bromodomain & Extraterminal (BET) Proteins by either JQ1 or ARV-825 significantly reduced GM-CSF-dependent peritoneal macrophage self-renewal by abrogating cell proliferation and decreasing self-renewal-related gene expression, such as MYC and Klf4, at transcriptional and protein levels. In addition, transcriptomic analysis showed that JQ1 blocked alternative PMs polarization by downregulating key transcriptional factor IRF4 expression, but not the activation of AKT or STAT6 in PMs. These findings illustrated that the significance of BET family proteins in GM-CSF-induced PMs self-renewal and IL-4-induced alternative polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Jiang
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Laibin Ren
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongyu Ren
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Haizhao Xu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengbo Wang
- School of Professional Studies, Columbia University, NY 10027, NY, USA
| | - Shanze Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanqi Hua
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Sichong Ren
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lijia Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518101, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Clayton N, Pellei D, Lin Z. Histone acetylation, BET proteins, and periodontal inflammation. Mol Oral Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 37801007 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common inflammatory diseases in humans. The susceptibility to periodontitis is largely determined by the host response, and the severity of inflammation predicts disease progression. Upon microbial insults, host cells undergo massive changes in their transcription program to trigger an appropriate response (inflammation). It is not surprising that successful keystone pathogens have developed specific mechanisms to manipulate the gene expression network in host cells. Emerging data has indicated that epigenetic regulation plays a significant role in inflammation. Acetylation of lysine residues on histones is a major epigenetic modification of chromatin, highly associated with the accessibility of chromatin and activation of transcription. Specific histone acetylation patterns are observed in inflammatory diseases including periodontitis. Bromo- and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins recognize acetylated histones and then recruit transcription factors and transcription elongation complexes to chromatin. BET proteins are regulated in inflammatory diseases and small molecules blocking the function of BET proteins are promising "epi-drugs" for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Clayton
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David Pellei
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Zhao Lin
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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18
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Pérez-Cabello JA, Silvera-Carrasco L, Franco JM, Capilla-González V, Armaos A, Gómez-Lima M, García-García R, Yap XW, Leal-Lasarte M, Lall D, Baloh RH, Martínez S, Miyata Y, Tartaglia GG, Sawarkar R, García-Domínguez M, Pozo D, Roodveldt C. MAPK/MAK/MRK overlapping kinase (MOK) controls microglial inflammatory/type-I IFN responses via Brd4 and is involved in ALS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302143120. [PMID: 37399380 PMCID: PMC10334760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302143120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal and incurable neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons and characterized by microglia-mediated neurotoxic inflammation whose underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this work, we reveal that MAPK/MAK/MRK overlapping kinase (MOK), with an unknown physiological substrate, displays an immune function by controlling inflammatory and type-I interferon (IFN) responses in microglia which are detrimental to primary motor neurons. Moreover, we uncover the epigenetic reader bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4) as an effector protein regulated by MOK, by promoting Ser492-phospho-Brd4 levels. We further demonstrate that MOK regulates Brd4 functions by supporting its binding to cytokine gene promoters, therefore enabling innate immune responses. Remarkably, we show that MOK levels are increased in the ALS spinal cord, particularly in microglial cells, and that administration of a chemical MOK inhibitor to ALS model mice can modulate Ser492-phospho-Brd4 levels, suppress microglial activation, and modify the disease course, indicating a pathophysiological role of MOK kinase in ALS and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A. Pérez-Cabello
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville41009, Spain
| | - Lucía Silvera-Carrasco
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville41009, Spain
| | - Jaime M. Franco
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Vivian Capilla-González
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Alexandros Armaos
- Center for Human Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova16152, Italy
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova16152, Italy
| | - María Gómez-Lima
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Raquel García-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville41009, Spain
| | - Xin Wen Yap
- The Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB1 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Leal-Lasarte
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Deepti Lall
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
| | - Robert H. Baloh
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
| | - Salvador Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche-CSIC, Alicante03550, Spain
| | - Yoshihiko Miyata
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Gian G. Tartaglia
- Center for Human Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova16152, Italy
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova16152, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University Sapienza Rome, Rome00185, Italy
| | - Ritwick Sawarkar
- The Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB1 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - Mario García-Domínguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
| | - David Pozo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville41009, Spain
| | - Cintia Roodveldt
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville41009, Spain
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19
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Divakaran A, Harki DA, Pomerantz WC. Recent progress and structural analyses of domain-selective BET inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:972-1018. [PMID: 36971240 PMCID: PMC10520981 DOI: 10.1002/med.21942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms for controlling gene expression through heritable modifications to DNA, RNA, and proteins, are essential processes in maintaining cellular homeostasis. As a result of their central role in human diseases, the proteins responsible for adding, removing, or recognizing epigenetic modifications have emerged as viable drug targets. In the case of lysine-ε-N-acetylation (Kac ), bromodomains serve as recognition modules ("readers") of this activating epigenetic mark and competition of the bromodomain-Kac interaction with small-molecule inhibitors is an attractive strategy to control aberrant bromodomain-mediated gene expression. The bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family proteins contain eight similar bromodomains. These BET bromodomains are among the more commonly studied bromodomain classes with numerous pan-BET inhibitors showing promising anticancer and anti-inflammatory efficacy. However, these results have yet to translate into Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs, in part due to a high degree of on-target toxicities associated with pan-BET inhibition. Improved selectivity within the BET-family has been proposed to alleviate these concerns. In this review, we analyze the reported BET-domain selective inhibitors from a structural perspective. We highlight three essential characteristics of the reported molecules in generating domain selectivity, binding affinity, and mimicking Kac molecular recognition. In several cases, we provide insight into the design of molecules with improved specificity for individual BET-bromodomains. This review provides a perspective on the current state of the field as this exciting class of inhibitors continue to be evaluated in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Divakaran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Daniel A. Harki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN55455, United States
| | - William C.K. Pomerantz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN55455, United States
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20
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Kumar K, Kanojia D, Bentrem DJ, Hwang RF, Butchar JP, Tridandapani S, Munshi HG. Targeting BET Proteins Decreases Hyaluronidase-1 in Pancreatic Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:1490. [PMID: 37296612 PMCID: PMC10253193 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by the presence of dense stroma that is enriched in hyaluronan (HA), with increased HA levels associated with more aggressive disease. Increased levels of the HA-degrading enzymes hyaluronidases (HYALs) are also associated with tumor progression. In this study, we evaluate the regulation of HYALs in PDAC. METHODS Using siRNA and small molecule inhibitors, we evaluated the regulation of HYALs using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot analysis, and ELISA. The binding of BRD2 protein on the HYAL1 promoter was evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Proliferation was evaluated by WST-1 assay. Mice with xenograft tumors were treated with BET inhibitors. The expression of HYALs in tumors was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and by qRT-PCR. RESULTS We show that HYAL1, HYAL2, and HYAL3 are expressed in PDAC tumors and in PDAC and pancreatic stellate cell lines. We demonstrate that inhibitors targeting bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins, which are readers of histone acetylation marks, primarily decrease HYAL1 expression. We show that the BET family protein BRD2 regulates HYAL1 expression by binding to its promoter region and that HYAL1 downregulation decreases proliferation and enhances apoptosis of PDAC and stellate cell lines. Notably, BET inhibitors decrease the levels of HYAL1 expression in vivo without affecting the levels of HYAL2 or HYAL3. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the pro-tumorigenic role of HYAL1 and identify the role of BRD2 in the regulation of HYAL1 in PDAC. Overall, these data enhance our understanding of the role and regulation of HYAL1 and provide the rationale for targeting HYAL1 in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - David J. Bentrem
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Rosa F. Hwang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Butchar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Susheela Tridandapani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hidayatullah G. Munshi
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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21
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Zhu X, Liu W, Tang X, Chen Y, Ge X, Ke Q, Liang X, Gan Y, Zheng Y, Zou M, Deng M, Liu Y, Li DWC, Gong L. The BET PROTAC inhibitor dBET6 protects against retinal degeneration and inhibits the cGAS-STING in response to light damage. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:119. [PMID: 37217935 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation significantly contributes to photoreceptor death in blinding retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins are epigenetic readers that act as key proinflammatory factors. We recently found the first-generation BET inhibitor JQ1 alleviated sodium iodate-induced retinal degeneration by suppressing cGAS-STING innate immunity. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanism of dBET6, a proteolysis‑targeting chimera (PROTAC) small molecule that selectively degrades BET by the ubiquitin‒proteasome system, in light-induced retinal degeneration. METHODS Mice were exposed to bright light to induce retinal degeneration, and the activation of cGAS-STING was determined by RNA-sequencing and molecular biology. Retinal function, morphology, photoreceptor viability and retinal inflammation were examined in the presence and absence of dBET6 treatment. RESULTS Intraperitoneal injection of dBET6 led to the rapid degradation of BET protein in the retina without detectable toxicity. dBET6 improved retinal responsiveness and visual acuity after light damage (LD). dBET6 also repressed LD-induced retinal macrophages/microglia activation, Müller cell gliosis, photoreceptor death and retinal degeneration. Analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing results revealed cGAS-STING components were expressed in retinal microglia. LD led to dramatic activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, whereas dBET6 suppressed LD-induced STING expression in reactive macrophages/microglia and the related inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates targeted degradation of BET by dBET6 exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting cGAS-STING in reactive retinal macrophages/microglia, and is expected to become a new strategy for treatment of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangcheng Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingmiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuwen Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Zou
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mi Deng
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lili Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
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22
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Pan Z, Zhao Y, Wang X, Xie X, Liu M, Zhang K, Wang L, Bai D, Foster LJ, Shu R, He G. Targeting bromodomain-containing proteins: research advances of drug discovery. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:13. [PMID: 37142850 PMCID: PMC10159834 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain (BD) is an evolutionarily conserved protein module found in 46 different BD-containing proteins (BCPs). BD acts as a specific reader for acetylated lysine residues (KAc) and serves an essential role in transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, DNA damage repair, and cell proliferation. On the other hand, BCPs have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including cancers, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and viral infections. Over the past decade, researchers have brought new therapeutic strategies to relevant diseases by inhibiting the activity or downregulating the expression of BCPs to interfere with the transcription of pathogenic genes. An increasing number of potent inhibitors and degraders of BCPs have been developed, some of which are already in clinical trials. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in the study of drugs that inhibit or down-regulate BCPs, focusing on the development history, molecular structure, biological activity, interaction with BCPs and therapeutic potentials of these drugs. In addition, we discuss current challenges, issues to be addressed and future research directions for the development of BCPs inhibitors. Lessons learned from the successful or unsuccessful development experiences of these inhibitors or degraders will facilitate the further development of efficient, selective and less toxic inhibitors of BCPs and eventually achieve drug application in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Pan
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatrics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Xie
- College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mingxia Liu
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Kaiyao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatrics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rui Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatrics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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23
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Zhao L, Wang Y, Jaganathan A, Sun Y, Ma N, Li N, Han X, Sun X, Yi H, Fu S, Han F, Li X, Xiao K, Walsh MJ, Zeng L, Zhou M, Cheung KL. BRD4-PRC2 represses transcription of T-helper 2-specific negative regulators during T-cell differentiation. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111473. [PMID: 36719036 PMCID: PMC10015369 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BRD4 is a well-recognized transcriptional activator, but how it regulates gene transcriptional repression in a cell type-specific manner has remained elusive. In this study, we report that BRD4 works with Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to repress transcriptional expression of the T-helper 2 (Th2)-negative regulators Foxp3 and E3-ubiqutin ligase Fbxw7 during lineage-specific differentiation of Th2 cells from mouse primary naïve CD4+ T cells. Brd4 binds to the lysine-acetylated-EED subunit of the PRC2 complex via its second bromodomain (BD2) to facilitate histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) at target gene loci and thereby transcriptional repression. We found that Foxp3 represses transcription of Th2-specific transcription factor Gata3, while Fbxw7 promotes its ubiquitination-directed protein degradation. BRD4-mediated repression of Foxp3 and Fbxw7 in turn promotes BRD4- and Gata3-mediated transcriptional activation of Th2 cytokines including Il4, Il5, and Il13. Chemical inhibition of the BRD4 BD2 induces transcriptional de-repression of Foxp3 and Fbxw7, and thus transcriptional downregulation of Il4, Il5, and Il13, resulting in inhibition of Th2 cell lineage differentiation. Our study presents a previously unappreciated mechanism of BRD4's role in orchestrating a Th2-specific transcriptional program that coordinates gene repression and activation, and safeguards cell lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yiqi Wang
- Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Anbalagan Jaganathan
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Yifei Sun
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ning Ma
- Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ning Li
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xinye Han
- Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xueying Sun
- Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Huanfa Yi
- Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Shibo Fu
- Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Fangbin Han
- Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xue Li
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Kunhong Xiao
- Center for Proteomics & Artificial Intelligence and Center for Clinical Mass SpectrometryAllegheny Health Network Cancer InstitutePittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Martin J Walsh
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Lei Zeng
- Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ming‐Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ka Lung Cheung
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
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24
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Martella N, Pensabene D, Varone M, Colardo M, Petraroia M, Sergio W, La Rosa P, Moreno S, Segatto M. Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Proteins in Brain Physiology and Pathology: BET-ing on Epigenetic Regulation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030750. [PMID: 36979729 PMCID: PMC10045827 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BET proteins function as histone code readers of acetylated lysins that determine the positive regulation in transcription of genes involved in cell cycle progression, differentiation, inflammation, and many other pathways. In recent years, thanks to the development of BET inhibitors, interest in this protein family has risen for its relevance in brain development and function. For example, experimental evidence has shown that BET modulation affects neuronal activity and the expression of genes involved in learning and memory. In addition, BET inhibition strongly suppresses molecular pathways related to neuroinflammation. These observations suggest that BET modulation may play a critical role in the onset and during the development of diverse neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, fragile X syndrome, and Rett syndrome. In this review article, we summarize the most recent evidence regarding the involvement of BET proteins in brain physiology and pathology, as well as their pharmacological potential as targets for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Martella
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Daniele Pensabene
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopment, Neurogenetics and Neuromolecular Biology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 64 via del Fosso di Fiorano, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Varone
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Mayra Colardo
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Michele Petraroia
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - William Sergio
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopment, Neurogenetics and Neuromolecular Biology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 64 via del Fosso di Fiorano, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Segatto
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
- Correspondence:
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25
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Chen C, Lu T, Chen P, Li Z, Yang Y, Fan S, Zhang Y, Chen K, Fu W, Wang Y, Luo C, Zhou B. Cyclization strategy leads to highly potent Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) Bromodomain inhibitors for the treatment of acute liver injury. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115023. [PMID: 36566713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) is characteristic of abrupt hepatic dysfunction and inflammatory response, and currently the main treatment for ALI is merely supportive rather than curative. Therefore, the development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies for ALI therapy is highly desirable. The emerging biological understanding of the role of BET Bromodomains has opened up an exciting opportunity to develop potent BET Bromodomain inhibitors as an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute liver injury. Herein, we synthesized a series of potent BET Bromodomain inhibitors with a tetracyclic scaffold, exemplified by compound 28 which showed good in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and good therapeutic effects in the LPS-induced acute liver injury model without obvious cytotoxicity, suggesting that compound 28 is a highly promising candidate worthy for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tian Lu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Panyu Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Zizhou Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yaxi Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shijie Fan
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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26
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Sisodia Y, Shah K, Ali Sayyed A, Jain M, Ali SA, Gondaliya P, Kalia K, Tekade RK. Lung-on-chip microdevices to foster pulmonary drug discovery. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:777-790. [PMID: 36537540 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00951j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases account for unprecedented mortality owing to a lack of personalized or insufficient therapeutic interventions. Fostering pulmonary research into managing pulmonary threat requires a potential alternative approach that can mimick the in vivo complexities of the human body. The in vitro miniaturized bionic simulation of the lung holds great potential in the quest for a successful therapeutic intervention. This review discusses the emerging roles of lung-on-chip microfluidic simulator devices in fostering translational pulmonary drug discovery and personalized medicine. This review also explicates how the lung-on-chip model emulates the breathing patterns, elasticity, and vascularization of lungs in creating a 3D pulmonary microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashi Sisodia
- Department of Biotechnology, National of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Komal Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, National of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Adil Ali Sayyed
- Department of Biotechnology, National of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India.,Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, 32224, USA
| | - Meenakshi Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, National of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Syed Ansar Ali
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Piyush Gondaliya
- Department of Biotechnology, National of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India.,Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, 32224, USA
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Biotechnology, National of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tekade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India.
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Yang Z, Liu Y, Cheng Q, Chen T. Targeting super enhancers for liver disease: a review. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14780. [PMID: 36726725 PMCID: PMC9885865 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Super enhancers (SEs) refer to the ultralong regions of a gene accompanied by multiple transcription factors and cofactors and strongly drive the expression of cell-type-related genes. Recent studies have demonstrated that SEs play crucial roles in regulating gene expression related to cell cycle progression and transcription. Aberrant activation of SEs is closely related to the occurrence and development of liver disease. Liver disease, especially liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), constitutes a major class of diseases that seriously endanger human health. Currently, therapeutic strategies targeting SEs can dramatically prevent disease progression and improve the prognosis of animal models. The associated new approaches to the treatment of related liver disease are relatively new and need systematic elaboration. Objectives In this review, we elaborate on the features of SEs and discuss their function in liver disease. Additionally, we review their application prospects in clinical practice in the future. The article would be of interest to hepatologists, molecular biologists, clinicians, and all those concerned with targeted therapy and prognosis of liver disease. Methodology We searched three bibliographic databases (Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, PubMed) from 01/1981 to 06/2022 for peer-reviewed scientific publications focused on (1) gene treatment of liver disease; (2) current status of SE research; and (3) targeting SEs for liver disease. We included English language original studies only. Results The number of published studies considering the role of enhancers in liver disease is considerable. Since SEs were just defined in 2013, the corresponding data on SEs are scarce: approximately 50 papers found in bibliographic databases on the correlation between enhancers (or SEs) and liver disease. Remarkably, half of these papers were published in the past three years, indicating the growing interest of the scientific community in this issue. Studies have shown that treatments targeting components of SEs can improve outcomes in liver disease in animal and clinical trials. Conclusions The treatment of liver disease is facing a bottleneck, and new treatments are needed. Therapeutic regimens targeting SEs have an important role in the treatment of liver disease. However, given the off-target effect of gene therapy and the lack of clinical trials, the available experimental data are still fragmented and controversial.
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Chen C, Liu T, Tang Y, Luo G, Liang G, He W. Epigenetic regulation of macrophage polarization in wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkac057. [PMID: 36687556 PMCID: PMC9844119 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The immune microenvironment plays a critical role in regulating skin wound healing. Macrophages, the main component of infiltrating inflammatory cells, play a pivotal role in shaping the immune microenvironment in the process of skin wound healing. Macrophages comprise the classic proinflammatory M1 subtype and anti-inflammatory M2 population. In the early inflammatory phase of skin wound closure, M1-like macrophages initiate and amplify the local inflammatory response to disinfect the injured tissue. In the late tissue-repairing phase, M2 macrophages are predominant in wound tissue and limit local inflammation to promote tissue repair. The biological function of macrophages is tightly linked with epigenomic organization. Transcription factors are essential for macrophage polarization. Epigenetic modification of transcription factors determines the heterogeneity of macrophages. In contrast, transcription factors also regulate the expression of epigenetic enzymes. Both transcription factors and epigenetic enzymes form a complex network that regulates the plasticity of macrophages. Here, we describe the latest knowledge concerning the potential epigenetic mechanisms that precisely regulate the biological function of macrophages and their effects on skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuanyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Academy of Biological Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Correspondence. Gaoxing Luo, ; Guangping Liang, ; Weifeng He,
| | - Guangping Liang
- Correspondence. Gaoxing Luo, ; Guangping Liang, ; Weifeng He,
| | - Weifeng He
- Correspondence. Gaoxing Luo, ; Guangping Liang, ; Weifeng He,
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Ajgaonkar S, Hirst JJ, Norris M, Zakar T. Regulation of inflammatory genes in decidual cells: Involvement of the bromodomain and extra-terminal family proteins. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280645. [PMID: 36897880 PMCID: PMC10004631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The decidua undergoes proinflammatory activation in late pregnancy, promoting labor. Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) family proteins interact with acetylated histones and may control gene expression in inflammation. Here, we assessed whether BETs are involved in inflammatory gene regulation in human decidual cells. We have treated primary cultures of decidual stromal cells (DSCs) from term pregnancies with endotoxin (LPS) and measured the expression of a panel of pro-and anti-inflammatory genes. BET involvement was assessed using the selective BET inhibitors (+)-JQ1 and I-BET-762 or the negative control compound (-)-JQ1. Histone 3 and -4 acetylation and BETs binding at the target gene promoters were determined to assess whether these processes are involved in the actions of LPS, BETs, and BET inhibitors. LPS increased the expression of the proinflammatory (PTGS2, IL6, CXCL8/IL8, TNF) and the anti-inflammatory (IL10, IDO1) genes of the panel. The constitutively expressed inflammatory genes (PTGS1, PTGES) were unaffected. The BET inhibitors, but not the control compound, reduced the basal and LPS-induced expression of PTGS1, PTGS2, IL6, CXCL8/IL8, IL10, and IDO1. TNF expression was not changed by BET inhibition. The dominant BETs were Bromodomain-containing protein -2 (BRD2) and -4L (BRD4L) in DSCs. LPS increased histone 4 acetylation at the CXCL8/IL8 and TNF promoters and histone 3 and -4 acetylation at the IDO1 promoter, while (+)-JQ1 abrogated histone acetylation at several promoters. Overall, histone acetylation and promoter binding of BETs showed no consistent relationship with gene expression across the gene panel and the treatments. BET proteins, predominantly BRD2 and BRD4L, control critical pro- and anti-inflammatory genes in DSCs. TNF induction exemplifies a BET-independent pathway. Changing histone acetylation at the promoters is not a general obligatory requirement for inflammatory gene expression in response to LPS. BETs likely act at chromatin loci separate from the examined promoters. BET inhibitors may block decidual activation at labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Ajgaonkar
- College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan J. Hirst
- College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Mothers and Babies Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary Norris
- College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Department of Maternity and Gynaecology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Tamas Zakar
- College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Mothers and Babies Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Department of Maternity and Gynaecology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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The Role of Bromodomain and Extraterminal (BET) Proteins in Controlling the Phagocytic Activity of Microglia In Vitro: Relevance to Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010013. [PMID: 36613460 PMCID: PMC9820364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct phagocytic activity of microglia is a prerequisite for maintaining homeostasis in the brain. In the analysis of mechanisms regulating microglial phagocytosis, we focused on the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins: Brd2, Brd3, and Brd4, the acetylation code readers that control gene expression in cooperation with transcription factors. We used pharmacological (JQ1) and genetic (siRNA) inhibition of BET proteins in murine microglial cell line BV2. Inhibition of BET proteins reduced the phagocytic activity of BV2, as determined by using a fluorescent microspheres-based assay and fluorescently labelled amyloid-beta peptides. Gene silencing experiments demonstrated that all brain-existing BET isoforms control phagocytosis in microglia. From a set of 84 phagocytosis-related genes, we have found the attenuation of the expression of 14: Siglec1, Sirpb1a, Cd36, Clec7a, Itgam, Tlr3, Fcgr1, Cd14, Marco, Pld1, Fcgr2b, Anxa1, Tnf, Nod1, upon BET inhibition. Further analysis of the mRNA level of other phagocytosis-related genes which were involved in the pathomechanism of Alzheimer's disease demonstrated that JQ1 significantly reduced the expression of Cd33, Trem2, and Zyx. Our results indicate the important role of BET proteins in controlling microglial phagocytosis; therefore, targeting BET may be the efficient method of modulating microglial activity.
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31
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Czimmerer Z, Halasz L, Daniel B, Varga Z, Bene K, Domokos A, Hoeksema M, Shen Z, Berger WK, Cseh T, Jambrovics K, Kolostyak Z, Fenyvesi F, Varadi J, Poliska S, Hajas G, Szatmari I, Glass CK, Bacsi A, Nagy L. The epigenetic state of IL-4-polarized macrophages enables inflammatory cistromic expansion and extended synergistic response to TLR ligands. Immunity 2022; 55:2006-2026.e6. [PMID: 36323312 PMCID: PMC9649892 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Prior exposure to microenvironmental signals could fundamentally change the response of macrophages to subsequent stimuli. It is believed that T helper-2 (Th2)-cell-type cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand-activated transcriptional programs mutually antagonize each other, and no remarkable convergence has been identified between them. In contrast, here, we show that IL-4-polarized macrophages established a hyperinflammatory gene expression program upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. This phenomenon, which we termed extended synergy, was supported by IL-4-directed epigenomic remodeling, LPS-activated NF-κB-p65 cistrome expansion, and increased enhancer activity. The EGR2 transcription factor contributed to the extended synergy in a macrophage-subtype-specific manner. Consequently, the previously alternatively polarized macrophages produced increased amounts of immune-modulatory factors both in vitro and in vivo in a murine Th2 cell-type airway inflammation model upon LPS exposure. Our findings establish that IL-4-induced epigenetic reprogramming is responsible for the development of inflammatory hyperresponsiveness to TLR activation and contributes to lung pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Czimmerer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary,These authors contributed equally
| | - Laszlo Halasz
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA,Present address: Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bence Daniel
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA,These authors contributed equally,Present address: Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zsofia Varga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Bene
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Apolka Domokos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Molecular Cell and Immunobiology Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Marten Hoeksema
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zeyang Shen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wilhelm K. Berger
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Timea Cseh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Karoly Jambrovics
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kolostyak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Molecular Cell and Immunobiology Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Varadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilard Poliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Hajas
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Istvan Szatmari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Christopher K. Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Attila Bacsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
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Inhibition of cGAS-STING by JQ1 alleviates oxidative stress-induced retina inflammation and degeneration. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1816-1833. [PMID: 35347235 PMCID: PMC9433402 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrophic (“dry”) form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss characterized by macular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the ensuing photoreceptor degeneration. cGAS-STING signaling is a key cytosolic DNA sensor system in innate immunity and have recently been shown promotes RPE degeneration. However, expression regulation and therapeutic potential of cGAS and STING are not explored in retina under dry AMD pathogenic conditions. Our analysis shows upregulated STING RNA and increased chromatin accessibility around cGAS and STING promoters in macular retinas from dry AMD patients. cGAS-STING activation was detected in oxidative stress-induced mouse retina degeneration, accompanied with cytosolic leakage of damaged DNA in photoreceptors. Pharmaceutical or genetic approaches indicates STING promotes retina inflammation and degeneration upon oxidative damage. Drug screening reveals that BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 reduces cGAS-STING activation, inflammation and photoreceptor degeneration in the injured retina. BRD4 inhibition epigenetically suppresses STING transcription, and promotes autophagy-dependent cytosolic DNA clearance. Together, our results show that activation of cGAS-STING in retina may present pivotal innate immunity response in GA pathogenesis, whereas inhibition of cGAS-STING signaling by JQ1 could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy. Schematic summary of the mechanism underlying BRD4 inhibition on cGAS-STING signaling during retina degeneration. Cytosolic DNA accumulation and activation of cGAS-STING pathway were detected in retina photoreceptors after oxidative injury. BRD4 inhibition alleviates retinal inflammation and degeneration by epigenetically silencing STING transcription and by promoting autophagy-dependent cytosolic DNA clearance.
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Roles of Bromodomain Extra Terminal Proteins in Metabolic Signaling and Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081032. [PMID: 36015180 PMCID: PMC9414451 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BET proteins, which recognize and bind to acetylated histones, play a key role in transcriptional regulation. The development of chemical BET inhibitors in 2010 greatly facilitated the study of these proteins. BETs play crucial roles in cancer, inflammation, heart failure, and fibrosis. In particular, BETs may be involved in regulating metabolic processes, such as adipogenesis and metaflammation, which are under tight transcriptional regulation. In addition, acetyl-CoA links energy metabolism with epigenetic modification through lysine acetylation, which creates docking sites for BET. Given this, it is possible that the ambient energy status may dictate metabolic gene transcription via a BET-dependent mechanism. Indeed, recent studies have reported that various BET proteins are involved in both metabolic signaling regulation and disease. Here, we discuss some of the most recent information on BET proteins and their regulation of the metabolism in both cellular and animal models. Further, we summarize data from some randomized clinical trials evaluating BET inhibitors for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Ghiboub M, Koster J, Craggs PD, Li Yim AYF, Shillings A, Hutchinson S, Bingham RP, Gatfield K, Hageman IL, Yao G, O’Keefe HP, Coffin A, Patel A, Sloan LA, Mitchell DJ, Hayhow TG, Lunven L, Watson RJ, Blunt CE, Harrison LA, Bruton G, Kumar U, Hamer N, Spaull JR, Zwijnenburg DA, Welting O, Hakvoort TBM, te Velde AA, van Limbergen J, Henneman P, Prinjha RK, de Winther MPJ, Harker NR, Tough DF, de Jonge WJ. Modulation of macrophage inflammatory function through selective inhibition of the epigenetic reader protein SP140. BMC Biol 2022; 20:182. [PMID: 35986286 PMCID: PMC9392322 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SP140 is a bromodomain-containing protein expressed predominantly in immune cells. Genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic modifications in the SP140 locus have been linked to Crohn’s disease (CD), suggesting a role in inflammation. Results We report the development of the first small molecule SP140 inhibitor (GSK761) and utilize this to elucidate SP140 function in macrophages. We show that SP140 is highly expressed in CD mucosal macrophages and in in vitro-generated inflammatory macrophages. SP140 inhibition through GSK761 reduced monocyte-to-inflammatory macrophage differentiation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory activation, while inducing the generation of CD206+ regulatory macrophages that were shown to associate with a therapeutic response to anti-TNF in CD patients. SP140 preferentially occupies transcriptional start sites in inflammatory macrophages, with enrichment at gene loci encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and inflammatory pathways. GSK761 specifically reduces SP140 chromatin binding and thereby expression of SP140-regulated genes. GSK761 inhibits the expression of cytokines, including TNF, by CD14+ macrophages isolated from CD intestinal mucosa. Conclusions This study identifies SP140 as a druggable epigenetic therapeutic target for CD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01380-6.
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Montagna DR, Duarte A, Chiarella P, Rearte B, Bustuoabad OD, Vermeulen M, Ruggiero RA. Inhibition of hyperprogressive cancer disease induced by immune-checkpoint blockade upon co-treatment with meta-tyrosine and p38 pathway inhibitor. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:845. [PMID: 35922755 PMCID: PMC9347122 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are overall promissory for cancer treatment, they entail, in some cases, an undesired side-effect called hyperprogressive-cancer disease (HPD) associated with acceleration of tumor growth and shortened survival. Methods To understand the mechanisms of HPD we assayed the ICI therapy on two murine tumors widely different regarding immunogenicity and, subsequently, on models of local recurrences and metastases of these tumors. To potentiate the immune response (IR), we combined ICI with meta-tyrosine—that counteracts immune-suppressive signals—and a selective inhibitor of p38 pathway that proved to counteract the phenomenon of tumor-immunostimulation. Results ICI were therapeutically effective against both tumor models (proportionally to their immunogenicity) but only when they faced incipient tumors. In contrast, ICI produced acceleration of large and residual tumors. The combined treatment strongly inhibited the growth of large tumors and it managed to cure 80% of mice with local recurrences and 60% of mice bearing residual metastases. Conclusions Tumor enhancement was paradoxically correlated to a weak increase of the antitumor IR suggesting that a weak IR – different from a strong tumor-inhibitory one—may produce stimulation of tumor growth, mimicking the HPD observed in some clinical settings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09941-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela R Montagna
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Alejandra Duarte
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, IMEX-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Chiarella
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bárbara Rearte
- Laboratory of Physiology of Inflammatory Processes, IMEX-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar D Bustuoabad
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Vermeulen
- Laboratory of Antigen Presenting Cells and Inflammatory Response, IMEX-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Raúl A Ruggiero
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Tsujikawa LM, Kharenko OA, Stotz SC, Rakai BD, Sarsons CD, Gilham D, Wasiak S, Fu L, Sweeney M, Johansson JO, Wong NCW, Kulikowski E. Breaking boundaries: Pan BETi disrupt 3D chromatin structure, BD2-selective BETi are strictly epigenetic transcriptional regulators. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113230. [PMID: 35687908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bromodomain and extraterminal proteins (BETs) are more than just epigenetic regulators of transcription. Here we highlight a new role for the BET protein BRD4 in the maintenance of higher order chromatin structure at Topologically Associating Domain Boundaries (TADBs). BD2-selective and pan (non-selective) BET inhibitors (BETi) differentially support chromatin structure, selectively affecting transcription and cell viability. METHODS Using RNA-seq and BRD4 ChIP-seq, the differential effect of BETi treatment on the transcriptome and BRD4 chromatin occupancy of human aortic endothelial cells from diabetic patients (dHAECs) stimulated with TNFα was evaluated. Chromatin decondensation and DNA fragmentation was assessed by immunofluorescence imaging and quantification. Key dHAEC findings were verified in proliferating monocyte-like THP-1 cells using real time-PCR, BRD4 co-immunoprecipitation studies, western blots, proliferation and apoptosis assays. FINDINGS We discovered that 1) BRD4 co-localizes with Ying-Yang 1 (YY1) at TADBs, critical chromatin structure complexes proximal to many DNA repair genes. 2) BD2-selective BETi enrich BRD4/YY1 associations, while pan-BETi do not. 3) Failure to support chromatin structures through BRD4/YY1 enrichment inhibits DNA repair gene transcription, which induces DNA damage responses, and causes widespread chromatin decondensation, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis. 4) BD2-selective BETi maintain high order chromatin structure and cell viability, while reducing deleterious pro-inflammatory transcription. INTERPRETATION BRD4 plays a previously unrecognized role at TADBs. BETi differentially impact TADB stability. Our results provide translational insight for the development of BETi as therapeutics for a range of diseases including CVD, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Tsujikawa
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Olesya A Kharenko
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Stephanie C Stotz
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Brooke D Rakai
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Christopher D Sarsons
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Dean Gilham
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Sylwia Wasiak
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Li Fu
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Michael Sweeney
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 4010, 44 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA.
| | - Jan O Johansson
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 4010, 44 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA.
| | - Norman C W Wong
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
| | - Ewelina Kulikowski
- Resverlogix Corporation, Suite 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada.
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Thiel G, Rössler OG. TRPM3-Induced Gene Transcription Is under Epigenetic Control. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070846. [PMID: 35890145 PMCID: PMC9315607 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential M3 (TRPM3) cation channels regulate numerous biological functions, including gene transcription. Stimulation of TRPM3 channels with pregnenolone sulfate activates stimulus-responsive transcription factors, which bind to short cognate sequences in the promoters of their target genes. In addition, coregulator proteins are involved that convert the chromatin into a configuration that is permissive for gene transcription. In this study, we determined whether TRPM3-induced gene transcription requires coactivators that change the acetylation pattern of histones. We used compound A485, a specific inhibitor of the histone acetyltransferases CBP and p300. In addition, the role of bromodomain proteins that bind to acetylated lysine residues of histones was analyzed. We used JQ1, an inhibitor of bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) family proteins. The results show that both compounds attenuated the activation of AP-1 and CREB-regulated gene transcription following stimulation of TRPM3 channels. Inhibition of CBP/p300 and BET proteins additionally reduced the transcriptional activation potential of the transcription factors c-Fos and Elk-1. Transcriptional upregulation of the interleukin-8 gene was attenuated by A485 and JQ1, indicating that proinflammatory cytokine expression is controlled by CBP/p300 and bromodomain proteins. We conclude that TRPM3-induced signaling involves transcriptional coactivators and acetyl-lysine-bound bromodomain proteins for activating gene transcription.
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Yang Q, Bariani MV, Falahati A, Khosh A, Lastra RR, Siblini H, Boyer TG, Al-Hendy A. The Functional Role and Regulatory Mechanism of Bromodomain-Containing Protein 9 in Human Uterine Leiomyosarcoma. Cells 2022; 11:2160. [PMID: 35883603 PMCID: PMC9323884 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is the most common type of uterine sarcoma associated with poor prognosis, high rates of recurrence, and metastasis. There is currently limited information about uLMS molecular mechanisms of origin and development. Bromodomain (BRD)-containing proteins are involved in many biological processes, most notably epigenetic regulation of transcription, and BRD protein dysfunction has been linked to many diseases including tumorigenesis. However, the role of BRD proteins in the pathogenesis of uLMS is unknown. Here, we show for the first time that BRD9 is aberrantly overexpressed in uLMS tissues compared to adjacent myometrium. BRD9 expression is also upregulated in uLMS cell lines compared to benign uterine fibroid and myometrium cell lines. Inhibition of BRD9 using the specific inhibitor (TP-472) suppressed uLMS cell proliferation via inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. To further characterize the mechanistic basis for TP-472 inhibition of uLMS cell growth, we performed a comparative RNA-seq analysis of vehicle-treated and TP-472-treated uLMS cells (n = 4 each). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that TP-472 treatment distinctly altered the uLMS cell transcriptome. Gene set enrichment analysis identified critical pathways altered by BRD9 inhibition, including interferon-alpha response, KRAS signaling, MYC targets, TNF-a signaling via NFkB, and MTORC1 signaling. Parsimonious gene correlation network analysis identified nine enriched modules, including cell cycle and apoptosis modules. Moreover, the ENCODE Histone Modifications gene set and TargetScan microRNA analysis in Enrichr suggested that TP-472-induced BRD9 inhibition may alter the uLMS cell transcriptome by reprograming the oncogenic epigenome and inducing miRNA-mediated gene regulation. Therefore, BRD9 constitutes a specific vulnerability in malignant uLMS, and targeting non-BET BRD proteins in uLMS may provide a promising and novel strategy for treating patients with this aggressive uterine cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.V.B.); (H.S.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Maria Victoria Bariani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.V.B.); (H.S.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Ali Falahati
- Department of Biology, Yazd University, Yazd 8915818411, Iran; (A.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Azad Khosh
- Department of Biology, Yazd University, Yazd 8915818411, Iran; (A.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Ricardo R. Lastra
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Hiba Siblini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.V.B.); (H.S.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Thomas G. Boyer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.V.B.); (H.S.); (A.A.-H.)
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French CA, Cheng ML, Hanna GJ, DuBois SG, Chau NG, Hann CL, Storck S, Salgia R, Trucco M, Tseng J, Stathis A, Piekarz R, Lauer UM, Massard C, Bennett K, Coker S, Tontsch-Grunt U, Sos ML, Liao S, Wu CJ, Polyak K, Piha-Paul SA, Shapiro GI. Report of the First International Symposium on NUT Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:2493-2505. [PMID: 35417004 PMCID: PMC9197941 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NUT carcinoma is a rare, aggressive cancer defined by rearrangements of the NUTM1 gene. No routinely effective treatments of NUT carcinoma exist, despite harboring a targetable oncoprotein, most commonly BRD4-NUT. The vast majority of cases are fatal. Poor awareness of the disease is a major obstacle to progress in the treatment of NUT carcinoma. While the incidence likely exceeds that of Ewing sarcoma, and BRD4-NUT heralded the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitor class of selective epigenetic modulators, NUT carcinoma is incorrectly perceived as "impossibly rare," and therefore receives comparatively little private or governmental funding or prioritization by pharma. To raise awareness, propagate scientific knowledge, and initiate a consensus on standard and targeted treatment of NUT carcinoma, we held the First International Symposium on NUT Carcinoma on March 3, 2021. This virtual event had more than eighty attendees from the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Patients with NUT carcinoma and family members were represented and shared perspectives. Broadly, the four areas discussed by experts in the field included (1) the biology of NUT carcinoma; (2) standard approaches to the treatment of NUT carcinoma; (3) results of clinical trials using BET inhibitors; and (4) future directions, including novel BET bromodomain inhibitors, combinatorial approaches, and immunotherapy. It was concluded that standard chemotherapeutic approaches and first-generation BET bromodomain inhibitors, the latter complicated by a narrow therapeutic window, are only modestly effective in a minority of cases. Nonetheless, emerging second-generation targeted inhibitors, novel rational synergistic combinations, and the incorporation of immuno-oncology approaches hold promise to improve the prognosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steven G. DuBois
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole G. Chau
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Simone Storck
- Swabian Children’s Cancer Center, Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | | | | | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Richard Piekarz
- Investigational Drug Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP), Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Christophe Massard
- Gustave Roussy-Molecular Radiotherapy INSERM U1030, Faculty of Medicine Kremlin-Bicêtre and Paris-Saclay University , France
| | | | - Shodeinde Coker
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Martin L. Sos
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Molecular Pathology University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany and Department of Translational Genomics and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sida Liao
- TScan Therapeutics, Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Sarina A. Piha-Paul
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Lin Z, Li Z, Guo Z, Cao Y, Li J, Liu P, Li Z. Epigenetic Reader Bromodomain Containing Protein 2 Facilitates Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy via Regulating the Expression of Citrate Cycle Genes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:887991. [PMID: 35694272 PMCID: PMC9174549 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.887991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain and extra-terminal domain proteins (BETs) family serve as epigenetic “readers”, which recognize the acetylated histones and recruit transcriptional regulator complexes to chromatin, eventually regulating gene transcription. Accumulating evidences demonstrate that pan BET inhibitors (BETi) confer protection against pathological cardiac hypertrophy, a precursor progress for developing heart failure. However, the roles of BET family members, except BRD4, remain unknown in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. The present study identified BRD2 as a novel regulator in cardiac hypertrophy, with a distinct mechanism from BRD4. BRD2 expression was elevated in cardiac hypertrophy induced by β-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline (ISO) in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of BRD2 upregulated the expression of hypertrophic biomarkers and increased cell surface area, whereas BRD2 knockdown restrained ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In vivo, rats received intramyocardial injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding siBRD2 significantly reversed ISO-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and cardiac function dysregulation. The bioinformatic analysis of whole-genome sequence data demonstrated that a majority of metabolic genes, in particular those involved in TCA cycle, were under regulation by BRD2. Real-time PCR results confirmed that the expressions of TCA cycle genes were upregulated by BRD2, but were downregulated by BRD2 silencing in ISO-treated cardiomyocytes. Results of mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ATP production measurement demonstrated that BRD2 augmented cardiac metabolism during cardiac hypertrophy. In conclusion, the present study revealed that BRD2 could facilitate cardiac hypertrophy through upregulating TCA cycle genes. Strategies targeting inhibition of BRD2 might suggest therapeutic potential for pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Peiqing Liu, ; Zhuoming Li,
| | - Zhuoming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Peiqing Liu, ; Zhuoming Li,
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Chen Z, Yang R, Xu Y, Liang L, Ao S, Wang Z, Bai P, Gu D, Duan X, Liu Y, Zhong W, Xu P, Deng T, Zeng G, Wang C. PET Imaging of Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Domain Inhibitors for the Noninvasive Assessment of Metabolic Changes in the Liver and Brain of Early-Stage Alcoholic Liver Disease. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2335-2342. [PMID: 35604773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has a significant impact on human health and is one of the leading causes of liver disease mortality. The early and exact diagnosis of ALD is very important since the early stage of disease progression can be reversible. Although ALD can be evaluated by ultrasound, CT, or MRI, there is still no imaging technique sufficient in the diagnosis of early-stage ALD. Of the current studies, epigenetic modulation plays a significant role in the development and progression of ALD. In this work, we evaluate whether BRDs play a vital role in the early-stage ALD using our new PET imaging probe of BET proteins, [11C]CW22. PET/CT imaging of [11C]CW22 and [18F]FDG was used to identify early-stage lesions of livers and brains in the mice model. We found that the average uptake values of livers and brains in early-stage ALD were significantly increased for [11C]CW22 PET/CT imaging but only slightly changed in [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging. Consistently, we also found that BRD 3, 4 protein expression levels were significantly higher in the liver and brain tissues of early-stage ALD. Furthermore, through Pmod software, we found that [11C]CW22 PET/CT uptakes in the brain stem, cerebellum, and midbrain were significantly up-regulated in the early-stage ALD. In conclusion, BRDs were important mediators of damage in early-stage ALD. [11C]CW22 PET/CT imaging can detect the early-phase alcohol-induced damage of livers and brains, which will likely lead to human trials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zude Chen
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Riwei Yang
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Yulong Xu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Leqi Liang
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Shan Ao
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Zuomin Wang
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Ping Bai
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Di Gu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Yongda Liu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Tuo Deng
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Changning Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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Banham GD, Lee CYC, Ferdinand JR, Matthews RJ, Jing C, Smithers N, Prinjha RK, Clatworthy MR. Bromodomain Inhibitors Modulate FcγR-Mediated Mononuclear Phagocyte Activation and Chemotaxis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:885101. [PMID: 35619690 PMCID: PMC9127238 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.885101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IgG antibodies form immune complexes (IC) that propagate inflammation and tissue damage in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. IgG IC engage Fcγ receptors (FcγR) on mononuclear phagocytes (MNP), leading to widespread changes in gene expression that mediate antibody effector function. Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins are involved in governing gene transcription. We investigated the capacity of BET protein inhibitors (iBET) to alter IgG FcγR-mediated MNP activation. We found that iBET dampened IgG IC-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression and decreased activating FcγR expression on MNPs, reducing their ability to respond to IgG IC. Despite FcγR downregulation, iBET-treated macrophages demonstrated increased phagocytosis of protein antigen, IgG IC, and apoptotic cells. iBET also altered cell morphology, generating more amoeboid MNPs with reduced adhesion. iBET treatment impaired chemotaxis towards a CCL19 gradient in IC-stimulated dendritic cells (DC) in vitro, and inhibited IC-induced DC migration to draining lymph nodes in vivo, in a DC-intrinsic manner. Altogether, our data show that iBET modulates FcγR-mediated MNP activation and migration, revealing the therapeutic potential of BET protein inhibition in antibody-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma D. Banham
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Y. C. Lee
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebeccah J. Matthews
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chenzhi Jing
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Smithers
- Epinova DPU, Immuno-Inflammation Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Rab K. Prinjha
- Epinova DPU, Immuno-Inflammation Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Schweer D, McAtee A, Neupane K, Richards C, Ueland F, Kolesar J. Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2220. [PMID: 35565348 PMCID: PMC9101750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been implicated to play an important role in the progression of ovarian cancer. One of the most important components of the TME is tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). Phenotypically, macrophages are broadly categorized as M1 pro-inflammatory or M2 anti-inflammatory, based on the cytokines and chemokines that they secrete. The tumor microenvironment is associated with macrophages of an M2 phenotype which suppress the surrounding immune environment, assist tumor cells in evading immune targeting, and support tumor growth and metastasis. Contrarily, M1 macrophages help mount an immune response against tumors, and are associated with a more favorable prognosis in solid tumors. One of the characteristic indicators of a poor prognosis in ovarian cancer is the overrepresentation of M2-type TAMs. As such, therapeutic modalities targeting TME and TAMs are of increasing interest. Pharmacological approaches to eliminate TAMs, include decreasing macrophage survival and recruitment and increasing phagocytosis, have been underwhelming. Clinical strategies targeting these macrophage subtypes via repolarization to an M1 antitumoral state deserve increasing attention, and may serve as a new modality for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schweer
- Markey Cancer Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (D.S.); (F.U.)
| | - Annabel McAtee
- School of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Khaga Neupane
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (K.N.); (C.R.)
| | - Christopher Richards
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (K.N.); (C.R.)
| | - Frederick Ueland
- Markey Cancer Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (D.S.); (F.U.)
| | - Jill Kolesar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40202, USA
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R132H IDH1 sensitizes glioma to the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of BET inhibition. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2275-2285. [PMID: 35467128 PMCID: PMC9349147 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDHmut) identify a subset of gliomas that exhibit epigenetic dysregulation via aberrant DNA methylation. These tumors are ultimately fatal and lack effective therapeutic strategies. Considering the epigenetic dysregulation of IDHmut gliomas, we hypothesized that epigenetic-targeting drugs may yield therapeutic benefits in gliomas bearing IDHmut. One set of targets includes the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family of transcriptional coactivators. Methods We used TCGA data from glioma patients to determine whether BET proteins affect patient survival differently based on IDH status. Follow-up experiments using a set of IDH wildtype/mutant glioma cultures, as well as an IDH wildtype glioblastoma cell line expressing exogenous R132H IDH1, focused on cell health assays to investigate whether IDHmut was associated with increased sensitivity to the BET inhibitor JQ1. Immunoblots were used to evaluate the molecular response to JQ1 in these cultures. Results We identified that high BRD4 expression associated with decreased survival only in IDHmut glioma patients. Cell viability analysis showed that IDHmut sensitized glioma cells to delayed cytotoxicity (10 days) in response to JQ1. Early effects of JQ1 (3 days) were primarily antiproliferative, with IDHmut glioma exhibiting a modest increase in sensitivity. Finally, exogenous R132H IDH1 expression in a resistant IDH wildtype cell line recapitulated the JQ1-mediated delayed cytotoxicity seen in our endogenous IDHmut glioma cells. Conclusion Overall, these data suggest that BRD4 enhances malignancy primarily in gliomas bearing IDHmut and is associated with greater sensitivity to BET inhibition. The finding that BET inhibition primarily exhibits delayed cytotoxicity may be overlooked in conventional short endpoint dose–response assays. Follow-up mechanistic and animal studies will help address the translational potential of these findings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-022-04018-w.
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Wan L, Li W, Meng Y, Hou Y, Chen M, Xu B. Inflammatory Immune-Associated eRNA: Mechanisms, Functions and Therapeutic Prospects. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849451. [PMID: 35514959 PMCID: PMC9063412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of multiple high-throughput sequencing technologies has made it possible to explore the critical roles and mechanisms of functional enhancers and enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). The inflammatory immune response, as a fundamental pathological process in infectious diseases, cancers and immune disorders, coordinates the balance between the internal and external environment of the organism. It has been shown that both active enhancers and intranuclear eRNAs are preferentially expressed over inflammation-related genes in response to inflammatory stimuli, suggesting that enhancer transcription events and their products influence the expression and function of inflammatory genes. Therefore, in this review, we summarize and discuss the relevant inflammatory roles and regulatory mechanisms of eRNAs in inflammatory immune cells, non-inflammatory immune cells, inflammatory immune diseases and tumors, and explore the potential therapeutic effects of enhancer inhibitors affecting eRNA production for diseases with inflammatory immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Wan
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Lishui District People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics and Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Lishui District People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Lishui District People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Ali HA, Li Y, Bilal AHM, Qin T, Yuan Z, Zhao W. A Comprehensive Review of BET Protein Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pathological Roles. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:818891. [PMID: 35401196 PMCID: PMC8990909 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.818891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, specifically acetylation of histone plays a decisive role in gene regulation and transcription of normal cellular mechanisms and pathological conditions. The bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins (BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT), being epigenetic readers, ligate to acetylated regions of histone and synchronize gene transcription. BET proteins are crucial for normal cellular processing as they control cell cycle progression, neurogenesis, differentiation, and maturation of erythroids and spermatogenesis, etc. Research-based evidence indicated that BET proteins (mainly BRD4) are associated with numeral pathological ailments, including cancer, inflammation, infections, renal diseases, and cardiac diseases. To counter the BET protein-related pathological conditions, there are some BET inhibitors developed and also under development. BET proteins are a topic of most research nowadays. This review, provides an ephemeral but comprehensive knowledge about BET proteins’ basic structure, biochemistry, physiological roles, and pathological conditions in which the role of BETs have been proven. This review also highlights the current and future approaches to pledge BET protein-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Akbar Ali
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yalan Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Akram Hafiz Muhammad Bilal
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingting Qin
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziqiao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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47
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Moreno V, Saluja K, Pina-Oviedo S. NUT Carcinoma: Clinicopathologic Features, Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics. Front Oncol 2022; 12:860830. [PMID: 35372003 PMCID: PMC8966081 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.860830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma is a rare, highly aggressive, poorly differentiated carcinoma occurring mostly in adolescents and young adults. This tumor usually arises from the midline structures of the thorax, head, and neck, and exhibits variable degrees of squamous differentiation. NUT carcinoma is defined by the presence of a NUTM1 (15q14) rearrangement with multiple other genes. In about 70-80% of the cases, NUTM1 is involved in a balanced translocation with the BRD4 gene (19p13.12), leading to a BRD4-NUTM1 fusion oncogene. Other variant rearrangements include BRD3-NUTM1 fusion (~15-20%) and NSD3-NUTM1 fusion (~6%), among others. The diagnosis of NUT carcinoma requires the detection of nuclear expression of the NUT protein by immunohistochemistry. Additional methods for diagnosis include the detection of a NUTM1 rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization or by reverse transcriptase PCR. NUT carcinoma is usually underrecognized due to its rarity and lack of characteristic histological features. Therefore, the goal of this review is to provide relevant recent information regarding the clinicopathologic features of NUT carcinoma, the role of the multiple NUTM1 gene rearrangements in carcinogenesis, and the impact of understanding these underlying molecular mechanisms that may result in the development of possible novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Moreno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Karan Saluja
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sergio Pina-Oviedo
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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Carrasco K, Montersino C, Derviaux C, Saez-Ayala M, Hoffer L, Restouin A, Castellano R, Casassa J, Roche P, Pasquier E, Combes S, Morelli X, Collette Y, Betzi S. CRCM5484: A BET-BDII Selective Compound with Differential Anti-leukemic Drug Modulation. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5660-5674. [PMID: 35348328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Differentially screening the Fr-PPIChem chemical library on the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) BRD4-BDII versus -BDI bromodomains led to the discovery of a BDII-selective tetrahydropyridothienopyrimidinone (THPTP)-based compound. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) and hit-to-lead approaches allowed us to develop CRCM5484, a potent inhibitor of BET proteins with a preferential and 475-fold selectivity for the second bromodomain of the BRD3 protein (BRD3-BDII) over its first bromodomain (BRD3-BDI). Its very low activity was demonstrated in various cell-based assays, corresponding with recent data describing other selective BDII compounds. However, screening on a drug sensitivity and resistance-profiling platform revealed its ability to modulate the anti-leukemic activity in combination with various FDA-approved and/or in-development drugs in a cell- and context-dependent differential manner. Altogether, the results confirm the originality of the THPTP molecular mode of action in the bromodomain (BD) cavity and its potential as a starting scaffold for the development of potent and selective bromodomain inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall Carrasco
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Camille Montersino
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille 13009, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Plateforms HiTS & TrGET, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Carine Derviaux
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille 13009, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Plateforms HiTS & TrGET, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Magali Saez-Ayala
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Laurent Hoffer
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Audrey Restouin
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille 13009, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Plateforms HiTS & TrGET, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Rémy Castellano
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille 13009, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Plateforms HiTS & TrGET, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Justine Casassa
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Philippe Roche
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Eddy Pasquier
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Sébastien Combes
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Xavier Morelli
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille 13009, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Plateforms HiTS & TrGET, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Yves Collette
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille 13009, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Plateforms HiTS & TrGET, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Stéphane Betzi
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille 13009, France
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Li J, Zhang C, Xu H, Wang C, Dong R, Shen H, Zhuang X, Chen X, Li Q, Lu J, Zhang M, Wu X, Loomes KM, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Xu Y. Structure-Based Discovery and Optimization of Furo[3,2- c]pyridin-4(5 H)-one Derivatives as Potent and Second Bromodomain (BD2)-Selective Bromo and Extra Terminal Domain (BET) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5760-5799. [PMID: 35333526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pan-bromodomain and extra terminal (Pan-BET) inhibitors show profound efficacy but exhibit pharmacology-driven toxicities in clinical trials. The development of domain-selective BET inhibitors to separate efficacy and toxicity is urgently needed. Herein, we report a series of furo[3,2-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one derivatives as novel BD2-selective BET inhibitors. The representative compound 8l (XY153) potently bound to BRD4 BD2 with an half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.79 nM and displayed 354-fold selectivity over BRD4 BD1. Besides, 8l exhibited 6-fold BRD4 BD2 domain selectivity over other BET BD2 domains. Compound 8l displayed potent antiproliferative activity against multiple tumor cell lines, especially MV4-11 (IC50 = 0.55 nM), while showing weak cytotoxicity against the normal lung fibroblast cell line. It highlights the safety profile of this series of BD2 inhibitors. 8l also demonstrated good metabolic stability in vitro. These data indicate that 8l may serve as a new and valuable lead compound for the development of potential therapeutics against acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Li
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Hongrui Xu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruibo Dong
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 1266 Fujin Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhuang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaoshan Chen
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jibu Lu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maofeng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Xishan Wu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Kerry M Loomes
- School of Biological Sciences & Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Yulai Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 1266 Fujin Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
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50
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Hoffner O’Connor M, Berglind A, Kennedy Ng MM, Keith BP, Lynch ZJ, Schaner MR, Steinbach EC, Herzog J, Trad OK, Jeck WR, Arthur JC, Simon JM, Sartor RB, Furey TS, Sheikh SZ. BET Protein Inhibition Regulates Macrophage Chromatin Accessibility and Microbiota-Dependent Colitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:856966. [PMID: 35401533 PMCID: PMC8988134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.856966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In colitis, macrophage functionality is altered compared to normal homeostatic conditions. Loss of IL-10 signaling results in an inappropriate chronic inflammatory response to bacterial stimulation. It remains unknown if inhibition of bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins alters usage of DNA regulatory elements responsible for driving inflammatory gene expression. We determined if the BET inhibitor, (+)-JQ1, could suppress inflammatory activation of macrophages in Il10-/- mice. Methods We performed ATAC-seq and RNA-seq on Il10-/- bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) cultured in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with and without treatment with (+)-JQ1 and evaluated changes in chromatin accessibility and gene expression. Germ-free Il10-/- mice were treated with (+)-JQ1, colonized with fecal slurries and underwent histological and molecular evaluation 14-days post colonization. Results Treatment with (+)-JQ1 suppressed LPS-induced changes in chromatin at distal regulatory elements associated with inflammatory genes, particularly in regions that contain motifs for AP-1 and IRF transcription factors. This resulted in attenuation of inflammatory gene expression. Treatment with (+)-JQ1 in vivo resulted in a mild reduction in colitis severity as compared with vehicle-treated mice. Conclusion We identified the mechanism of action associated with a new class of compounds that may mitigate aberrant macrophage responses to bacteria in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hoffner O’Connor
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ana Berglind
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Meaghan M. Kennedy Ng
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Keith
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Zachary J. Lynch
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Matthew R. Schaner
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Erin C. Steinbach
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jeremy Herzog
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Omar K. Trad
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - William R. Jeck
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Janelle C. Arthur
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jeremy M. Simon
- Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Carolina Institute for Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - R. Balfour Sartor
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Terrence S. Furey
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Shehzad Z. Sheikh
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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